Tugas

1. Use a search engine ti look for”management by objective” dan

identifikasi how MBO is used as a planning tool? Managerial appraisal?
For motivating people? In conjunction with strategic planning? For
developing manager?
Answer

Management by objectives (MBO) is a management model that aims to improve

the performance of an organization by clearly defining objectives that are agreed to by
both management and employees.

1. Using MBO as a planning tool

To applied MBO as a planning tool can be apply with involved the manager and
the employes. The steps that must to do to apply MBO as a planning tool is:
a. MBO begins with managers at the top of the company setting goals. Then
managers and employees at each successively lower level develop their own
goals. Employees’ goals are designed to support the goals of their own
managers. In this way, the entire organization is linked together in the pursuit
of objectives.
b. After employees meet with their managers to establish their goals and action
plans, the employees return to work newly energized and focused on specific
short-term and longer-term targets.
2. Using MBO as a managerial appraisal
How to use MBO as managerial appraisal? When we use MBO as amangerial
appraisal we can see how the managerial system in the oragnysation working.
Because MBO as a managerial appraisal require teamwork between manager as
person who must know as well a managerial and employee. MBO is more than
performance appraisal — it’s a construct for managing the entire organization. Its
breadth includes the organization’s vision, values, strategies, goals, and
performance measurement.
3. Using MBO to motivating people
Using MBO to motivating people con be done with involve the people to take a
decision. The people are highly motivated through MBO because they’ve been able
to actively participate in the process of setting goals, instead of simply having the
goals dumped on them. Their involvement in this type of decision-making helps
meet many of their higher-level needs for accomplishment, achievement,
recognition, and self-worth.
4. Using MBO as a conjunction to a strategic planning
MBO can be a conjunction to a strategic planning. When manager and the
employes have made a goals, that goals can be a foundation to make a strategic
planning base on the goals.

5. Using MBO for developing Managers

 MBO can be used to developing managers because the managers work directly
with employees to identify and solve problems, MBO improves the quality of
decision-making and problem solving. beside that, MBO can build communication
between managers and their employees, which builds camaraderie,
communication, and trust — all key elements in strengthening teamwork.

2. Search the internet the term “budget” and discuss your finding with the
class!
Answer

A budget is a financial plan for a defined period of time, usually a year. It may also
include planned sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities, costs and expenses,
assets, liabilities and cash flows. Companies, governments, families and other
organizations use it to express strategic plans of activities or events in measurable
terms.

3. The TOWS Matrix has been used for developing alternative strategies for
organizations, for analyzing the competitive advantages of nations, as well
as for developing career strategy. Search the internet for the “TOWS
Matrix” and identify the application of the matrix!
Answer

The TOWS matrix is a variant of the SWOT matrix. It is an analytical tool used for
examining the external and internal situations of an organization, a particular project,
product or service, team or group, or an individual. Hence, similar with a SWOT
analysis, a TOWS analysis involves identifying and defining the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats, as well as formulating specific strategies around these four
general elements.

Application of TOWS Matrix

Based on the elements of the TOWS matrix mentioned above, the actual process of
TOWS analysis does not only involve listing down the facts concerning the external
and internal environments or situations and putting them inside a quadrant.
The goal of TOWS analysis and TOWS matrix is to compare or cross-examine threats
and opportunities against strengths and weaknesses. This examination is undertaken
to identify strategies for minimizing and managing threats, as well as for maximizing
and capitalizing on opportunities.