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Atif Fareed 1 , M. Ghazanfar Ullah 1 , As ad Hus s ain 1 , Mais am Zaidi1 , Maaz Bai g 1
1
Dept. of Electrical Engineering – Us man Ins titute of Tech n o l o g y
Abstract: This paper focuses on devising an efficient, s prinkler s ys tem, dripping s ys tem etc [3]. Canal
economical and automated solution for irrigation s ys tem is a traditional method of irrigation us ed in
through a Mobile Irrigation Care Unit (MICU). MICU is
Pakis tan.
equipped with wireless sensor network based smart field
monitoring system mounted on a solar powered vehicle. With the advancement in technology, various s mart
Fields requiring water management and pest control can
be monitored by MICU that essentially carries pesticide irrigation methods have been introduced and explored
module and water tank meticulously managed through a for optimum us e of res ources enabling huge water
powerful feedback and control mechanism. Our s aving by avoiding exces s water supply. In [3], A
contribution towards irrigation engineering is to design s mart irrigation s ys tem is propos ed in which s oil
a system that efficiently monitors and manages the mois ture s ens or is us ed for feedback to the valve and
irrigation requirements as well as pest controlling in the
field while keeping the affordability, in terms of cost, as
the motor for water s upply. The propos ed s ys tem is
the same time. workable only within a s mall area of land but becomes
Keywords – Arduino, mobile irrigation, solar power, too cos tly and complex to implement on larger area
wireless communication. s ince a complex network of s ens ors and controlling is
required. In [4], a s olar powered s mart irrigation
I. INTRODUCT ION
s ys tem is propos ed. The s ys tem is operated in two
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United modes , either in a clos ed loop control mode where the
Nations , es timates that agriculture accounts for 70% of microcontroller operates the opening and clos ing of
all water cons umption, compared to 20% for indus try the s olenoid valve for the required amount of water
and 10% for domes tic needs [1]. Pakis tan us es needed for the crops , bas ed on the average s oil
approximately 94% of its available water from all mois ture reading, or the agronomis t remotely us e the
res ources on agriculture [2]. Critical need therefore cloud data to trigger a channel by writing a s pecific
exis ts to implement water cons ervation practices in value. The s witch placed below the channel is us ed to
agriculture. There is an urgent need to create s trategies turn on/off the s olenoid valve. Data from s ens ors are
bas ed on s cience and technology for s us tainable us e of received via wireles s communication to avoid
water, including technical, agronomic, managerial, complex cable network creating other farming
and ins titutional improvements . problems . The main problem with the s ys tem is it us es
channel s ys tem and does not focus on the s pecific area
There are different types of method for irrigating which needs water. It rather works on average
farms for different types of crops . Mos t commonly, mois ture readings . In [5], a micro irrigation s ys tem is
farmer us e methods like channel or canal s ys tem, introduced. Micro irrigation is nothing but a s low and
regular application of water and nutrients moving
down drop-by-drop directly to the root zone of the
plants through low-dis charge emitters and plas tic
pipes . This s ys tem ens ures that the plants do not
endure from the s train or s tres s of les s and over
watering. The limitation of this s ys tem is ; however,
the network of water pipes is required as well as a low-
dis charge water emitter is required for every plant.
This may become expens ive and impos s ible to
a b
reconfigure, es pecially on large area. Sys tems
pres ented in [6-8] are all s tatic in nature becaus e they
c are all controlled through a central point jus t to s witch
the valve on or off to control the water flow. This
concept is summarized in fig. 2.
Fig. 1: Types of irrigation systems (a) Canal (b)
S prinkling and (c) Dripping
IR s ens ors works as s ame as the s oil mois ture s ens or, Fig. 6: Moisture level sensor
but this s ens or is s tationary unlike s oil mois ture s ens or res pons ible to s end videos to the us er computer s creen
and placed at the s ides of the s ides of the care unit, the in three different angles i.e. 45 degrees apart. The
range it can detect is about 3cm and give high or low movement of camera can be illus trated in fig. 7.
output as its res pons e to detecting an object.
Controlling and communication modules have been
embedded together for the s ake of hardware
optimization as pres ented in fig. 5.
Vehicle Movement