3.

Dadas las matrices

2 3 −7
𝐴 = (−1 5 4 )
4 0 4

−2 0 4
𝐵 = (5/3 1 2)
5 −1 9

7 −4 −4
𝐶 = (5 1 1/2)
8 6 3

a. A+B+C

2 3 −7 −2 0 4 7 −4 −4 7 −1 −7
𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 = (−1 5 4 ) + (5/3 1 2) + (5 1 1/2) = (17/3 7 13/2)
4 0 4 5 −1 9 8 6 3 17 5 16

b. A-3B-2C

−2 0 4
5 6 0 −12
−3𝐵 = −3 ( 1 2) = ( −5 −3 −6 )
3 −15 3 −27
5 −1 9
7 −4 −4
1 −14 8 8
−2𝐶 = −2 (5 1 ) = (−10 −2 −1)
2 −6 −12 −6
8 6 3
2 3 −7 6 0 −12 −14 8 8
𝐴 − 3𝐵 − 2𝐶 = (−1 5 4 ) + ( −5 −3 −6 ) + (−10 −2 −1)
4 0 4 −15 3 −27 −6 −12 −6
−6 11 −11
= (−16 0 −3 )
−17 −9 −29

−6 11 −11
𝐴 − 3𝐵 − 2𝐶 = (−16 0 −3 )
−17 −9 −29
c. AXC
 2 3 −7 7 −4 −4
𝐴𝑋𝐶 = 𝑀 = (−1 5 4 ) (5 1 1/2)
4 0 4 8 6 3

𝑀11 = (2)(7) + (3)(5) + (−7)(8) = 14 + 15 − 56 = −27

𝑀12 = (2)(−4) + (3)(1) + (−7)(6) = −8 + 3 − 42 = −47

𝑀13 = (2)(−4) + (3)(1/2) + (−7)(3) = −8 + 3/2 − 21 = −55/2

𝑀21 = (−1)(7) + (5)(5) + (4)(8) = −7 + 25 + 32 = 50

𝑀22 = (−1)(−4) + (5)(1) + (4)(6) = 4 + 5 + 24 = 33

𝑀23 = (−1)(−4) + (5)(1/2) + (4)(3) = 4 + 5/2 + 12 = 37/2

𝑀31 = (4)(7) + (0)(5) + (4)(8) = 28 + 0 + 32 = 60

𝑀32 = (4)(−4) + (0)(1) + (4)(6) = −16 + 0 + 24 = 8

𝑀33 = (4)(−4) + (0)(1/2) + (4)(3) = −16 + 0 + 12 = −4

−27 −47 −55/2

𝑀 = ( 50 33 37/2 )
60 8 −4

4 Encuentre la inversa de la siguiente matriz, empleado para ello primer Gauss Jordan y luego
empleando determinantes aplicando la fórmula: A-1= * AdjA

a. Por Gauss-Jordan
2 3 −7
A= (−1 5 4 )
4 0 4

Por Gauss Jordan

2 3 −7

𝐴= −1 5 4

(4 0 4)
 2 3 −7 1 0 0 3 7
1 − 2 1/2 0 0
1
𝑓1 → ∗𝑓1
2 𝑓2 →𝑓1 +𝑓2
| →
4 ||0
2
−1 5 1 0 → −1 5 4 | 0 1 0 𝑓3 →(−4)𝑓1 +𝑓3
→
(4 0 4 0 0 1) (4 0 4 0 0 1)

1 3/2 −7/2 1/2 0 0 1 3/2 −7/2 1/2 0 0

2
𝑓2 →( )𝑓2
13
0 13/2 1/2 ||1/2 1 0 → 0 1 1/13 ||1/13 2/13 0

(0 −6 18 −2 0 1) (0 −6 18 −2 0 1)

1 0 −47/13 5/13 −3/13 0

𝑓1 →−3/2𝑓2 +𝑓1
→ 𝑓3 →(13/240)𝑓3
𝑓3 →6𝑓2 +𝑓3
0 1 1/13 || 1/13 2/13 0 →
→
(0 0 240/13 −20/13 12/13 1)

1 0 −47/13 5/13 −3/13 0 47

𝑓1 →( )𝑓 +𝑓
13 3 1
| →
0 1 1/13 | 1/13 2/13 0 1
𝑓2 →(− )𝑓 +𝑓
13 3 2
→
(0 0 1 −1/12 1/20 13/240)

1 0 0 1/12 −1/20 47/240

|
0 1 0| 1/12 3/20 −1/240

(0 0 1 −1/12 1/20 13/240 )

Por tanto
1/12 −1/20 47/240

𝐴−1 = 1/12 3/20 −1/240

(−1/12 1/20 13/240 )

Comprobación Maple

>
b. Encuentre la inversa de la siguiente matriz, empleando para ello determinantes.

2 3 −7

𝐴= −1 5 4

(4 0 4)

Se halla el determinante de A, seleccionamos la fila 3 para hallar el determinante

𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = |𝐴| = 4𝐴31 + 0𝐴32 + 4𝐴33

Se puede observar que se anulan las que se multiplican por cero (0), por tanto:

3 −7
𝐴31 = (−1)3+1 ( ) = [(3)(4) − (7)(−5)] = [12 + 35] = 47
5 4
2 3
𝐴33 = (−1)3+3 ( ) = [(2)(5) − (3)(−1)] = [10 + 3] = 13
−1 5

𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = |𝐴| = 4(47) + 4(13) = 240

Se halla 𝑎𝑑𝑗. 𝐴

Se tiene que:

5 4
𝐴11 = (−1)2 ( ) = [(5)(4) − (0)(4)] = [20 + 0] = 20
0 4
 −1 4
𝐴12 = (−1)3 ( ) = −[(4)(−1) − (4)(4)] = −[−4 − 16] = 20
4 4
−1 4
𝐴13 = (−1)4 ( ) = [(0)(−1) − (4)(4)] = [0 − 16] = −16
4 0
3 −7
𝐴21 = (−1)3 ( ) = −[(4)(3) − (0)(−7)] = −[12 + 0] = −12
0 4
2 −7
𝐴22 = (−1)4 ( ) = [(2)(4) − (−7)(4)] = [8 + 28] = 36
4 4
−1 5
𝐴23 = (−1)5 ( ) = −[(−1)(0) − (5)(4)] = −[0 − 20] = 20
4 0
3 −7
𝐴31 = (−1)3+1 ( ) = [(3)(4) − (7)(−5)] = [12 + 35] = 47
5 4
2 −7
𝐴32 = (−1)5 ( ) = −[(2)(4) − (−1)(−7)] = −[8 − 7] = −1
−1 4
2 3
𝐴33 = (−1)3+3 ( ) = [(2)(5) − (3)(−1)] = [10 + 3] = 13
−1 5

20 20 −16

𝐵= −12 36 20

( 47 −1 13 )

Hallamos la traspuesta:

20 −12 47

𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = 𝐵 𝜏 = 20 36 −1

(−16 20 13 )
 20 −12 47 1⁄ − 1⁄20 47⁄
12 240
1 3⁄
𝐴−1 = 20 36 −1 = 1/12 20 −1/240
240
3 1⁄ 13⁄
(−16 20 13 ) (− ⁄8 4 240 )