The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the

views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility
for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and improved

sanitation strategies for policymakers
11-13 July 2018
Singapore

Country Presentation

“Bangladesh”
By
Md. Shafiqul Islam Akand
Superintending Engineer
Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

• Government of Bangladesh is now

working towards universal coverage
to meet the SDG targets
Safely
Hygienic managed
latrines sanitation
Unimproved
options

Fixed place • Focus is to gradually

defecation
ensure safely managed
Open sanitation for all
• Drive people to move
defecation

ahead in Sanitation
Ladder
Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and
improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

DPHE : Department of Public Health National Level (Policy, Project approval) LGRD&C : Local Government, Rural
Engineering
Development and Co-operatives.
WASA : Water and Swerage Authority Ministry of LGRD&C
PSB : Policy Support Branch
Sanitation
LGED : Local Government Engineering PSB
Secretariat
Department

Agency Level (development & implementation) LGI Level (development & implementation)
Upazila
City Corpo-
DPHE WASAs LGED Municipalities Parishads
rations
(Sub-Districts)

Lowest Tier

Union Parishad (Rural) and Ward level (Urban)

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 National
DashboardAnd
OnLocal
The Progress
Level Policy,
Made Institutional
In The PastArrangements,
5-10 Years In Urban
And Financing
And RuralFor
Sanitation
Sanitation

Policy Initiatives :
Government enacted Municipal Act-2009.
Government enacted Regulatory Framework 2017 (For FSM)
WASA Act 1996
Government has formed National Forum for Water Supply and Sanitation (NFWSS)
under Ministry of LGRD&C; Stakeholders are -
• Municipal – primary responsibility of FSM
• DPHE – supporting role
• LGED – supporting role
According to Paurashava (Municipal Act 2009), Paurashava shall be responsible for, among
others, (a) Water supply for residential, industrial and commercial use; (b) Water and
sanitation; and (c) Waste management, in areas within its jurisdiction.

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

Financing:

· Financial Capacity of Local Government Institutions (LGI) is limited.

· LGIs e.g, City Corporations/Municipalities need to collaborate with the
Ministry of LGRDC for establishment of major FSM infrastructure (e.g,
treatment plant, vacutugs),

· Initiaves are going on to develop appropriate mechanism for cost

recovery with contribution/ fees/charges from service recipients in line
with the provisions of the Local Government Act 2009 and the
Institutional and Regulatory Framework for FSM in Bangladesh 2017.

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

SANITATION ACHIEVEMENTS IN BANGLADESH

• Open defecation practice has come down to a mere 1% in 2015 from

34% in 1990.
• Improved access to sanitation has almost doubled at 61% since
1990.
• Urban sanitation has witnessed a complete elimination of open
defecation during this period.

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

CURRENT Sanitation PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH

a. In all urban areas, unhygienic manual emptying systems

predominate over the mechanical emptying system.
b. Only piped sewerage system in Dhaka city: Dhaka is covered by
about 20% area. Treatment facilities exist for Dhaka.
• DPHE introduced FSM treatment facilities in a few municipalities.
• For waste water: no treatment facilities are available.

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 National And Local Level Policy, Institutional Arrangements, And Financing For Sanitation

Current Issues:
ØDespite prevalent on-site sanitation (OSS) systems throughout the country, disposal of
fecal sludge in low-lying areas and in lakes and canals within urban areas is common,
leading to serious environmental degradation.
ØLack of awareness regarding the adverse impacts of fecal sludge, lack of funds and
trained manpower for delivery of fecal sludge management (FSM) services.
ØOnly a handful of local government institutions (LGIs) have initiated FSM services in
parts of their localities with support from DPHE, development partners, and I/NGOs.
ØIn some cases, the service is limited to empting of fecal sludge and its subsequent
disposal without any treatment. Incomplete/partial services as practiced by some
institutions leads to continued environmental degradation through disposal of
emptied fecal sludge in the open environment.

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
 Turag River Tongi Khal
Initiatives of Dhaka WASA
Balu River

Sitalakhya River Area : 400 sqkm

Population: 17 M
Buriganga River
100% Sewerage Coverage
(Pipeline 20%, on site sanitation 80%)

24/7 Water Supply

Dhaleswari River
 Sewerage Gazipur

Master Plan
Tongi
Uttara
Purbachal
11 new sewage Mirpur
treatment
Plants, 5 Plants in Daserkandi
Dhaka WASA Savar
Coverage Area Pagla STP

Rayerbazar

City dweller in areas Keraniganj

outside of DWASA
coverage are using Narayanganj
Septic Tank
Name of Project Investment Completion
(M. US$) Year

Dasherkandi STP 425 2021

(China EXIM Bank)
Project Preparation of 4.00 2019
Upgradation & expansion
of Pagla STP
(WB)
Name of Project Investment Completion
(M. US$) Year

Upgradation and 350 2021

expansion of Pagla STP
(WB)
Uttara STP 200 2025

Mirpur STP 400 2025

Rayer Bazar STP 400 2025

(Feasibility study by ADB)
 Good Practice Examples Or Success Stories On Community-wide Or City-wide Inclusive Sanitation

q Despite of various constraints, with the assistance of Asian

Development Bank (ADB) and NGO support, Government promoted
a few good practices

• Jashore Municipality - Regional Facilities (SW+FSM)

• Kushtia Municipality - Local Facilities (FSM)
• Faridpur Municipality - Local Facilities (FSM)
• Sakhipur Municipality - Local Facilities (FSM)

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Good Practice Examples Or Success Stories On Community-wide Or City-wide Inclusive Sanitation

Jashore Municipality (Photo)

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Good Practice Examples Or Success Stories On Community-wide Or City-wide Inclusive Sanitation

Kushtia Municipality (Photo)

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Good Practice Examples Or Success Stories On Community-wide Or City-wide Inclusive Sanitation

Fairdpur Municipality (Photo)

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Good Practice Examples Or Success Stories On Community-wide Or City-wide Inclusive Sanitation

Sakhipur Municipality (Photo)

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Ongoing Initiaves :
ADB Assisted Secondary Towns Sanitation Improvement Project by DPHE covered 16
municipalities.
ADB assisted City Region Development Project has developed regional facilities at
Jashore.
ADB assisted Third Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (Sector)
Project (UGIIP-III) is covering 36 towns with Solid Waste Management and Fecal
Sludge Management facilities.
ADB assisted Coastal Towns Environmental Improvement Project is covering 4 towns
with FSM Treatment Plans.

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Way Forward
v It is important that the Ministry of LGRDC develops a “national action plan” to
initiate FSM services in urban and rural areas in phases, based on need,
competitive advantage and capacity of LGIs.
v Once the Government develops an “action plan”, it can facilitate mobilization of
funds from its own resources as well as from development partners and others for
delivery of full-scale FSM services (including appropriate treatment) in urban
areas.
v Awareness building among users and Local Government leaders to be done
continuously.
v Go/NGO collaboration in capacity building & private sector involvement to be
promoted
v Horizontal learning will be effective to share best practices.

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers
Thank You for your attention !

Leadership capacity building program for sustainable and

improved sanitation strategies for policymakers