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Director Sr. Finance & Accounts Officer
Title: Farmer Participatory Characterisation of Coconut Varieties in two Poverty
Reduction Project Sites in India
Introduction
• Diversity Fair
Coconut Diversity Fair was organised in the communities to facilitate the coconut
growers to gather together in a common place, exhibit the different varieties of coconut
grown in their gardens, study their preferences for varieties and analyse various criteria
for characterizing and evaluating the varieties.
Results
Mostly the crops are rainfed. Only 17 per cent of the areas under coconut receive
irrigation. Open wells, ponds, small rivers and streams are the source of water for
irrigation. There is a predominance of small and marginal holdings in the agriculture
sector. About 93 per cent of holdings are of less than one ha in size, and 5.5 per cent are
small holdings with 1-2 ha size, while only 1.5 per cent of the holdings are having an area
of more than 2 ha.
Coconut is the most important crop cultivated in the panchayat. It is mainly
cultivated in the midland and upland. The area under coconut is about 1410 ha. Paddy,
Vegetables, Cashew, and arecanut are the other important crops.
• In Malayalam, the local language, the coconut palm is called as “Thengu” and
coconuts are referred to as “Thenga”. The coconut cultivation in the panchayat is
taken up mostly under rainfed conditions in small and marginal farms and partially
under irrigated conditions in medium and large farms.
• The local west coast tall variety is predominantly grown and the average yield is 30-
38 nuts/palm/year. Regular production under average management, good kernel
quality for household culinary use and copra production are some of the traits
attributed to WCT by the farmers of the locality. Only very few farmers cultivate
hybrids/improved cultivars and that too 4-5 trees only.
• Most of the farmers depend on their own source of planting material. Neighbouring
farmers and Krishibhavan, the local office of Agriculture Department are also being
utilized as source of coconut seedlings. Systematic planting is adopted by only very
few farmers. In majority of the gardens the spacing adopted is less than the
recommended spacing. Hence there is scope for restructuring coconut gardens for
maintenance of optimum plant density especially while undertaking under planting
the old and senile palms.
• Most of the farmers apply organic manures. The commonly used organic manures are
farm yard manure, compost, green manure and ash. On an average coconut farmers
apply @ of 30-50 kg of organic manures per palm. Lack of availability of organic
manures is one of the constraints experienced by coconut farmers. They opined that
availability of green leaves for manuring coconut palms is steadily on the decline.
Only few farmers apply chemical fertilizers, and those who have adopted the practice
apply chemical fertilizers below the level of recommendation.
• About one-fifth of the coconut growers in the community only irrigated their coconut
palms. Basin irrigation is the most common method of irrigation in coconut gardens.
Drip irrigation is adopted by some farmers by availing subsidy from the Department
of Agriculture. Farmers perceive that irrigation is an important agronomic practice
through which productivity of coconut can be enhanced considerably.
• Various pests and diseases affect the coconut gardens in the community. Stem
bleeding and bud rot are the major diseases. According to farmers eriophyid mite is
the most serious pest causing yield loss in coconut in their locality. The farmers
adopted plant protection measures mainly in the form of spraying chemical pesticides
with the financial and technical assistance of local Krishibhavan, the local office of
Agriculture Department. However, they are apprehensive about the practical
feasibility of the recommended plant protection measures, especially in the context of
non-availability of skilled labourers. Rhinoceros beetle is also perceived as a common
pest affecting coconut gardens. The level of adoption of recommended integrated pest
and disease management methods is not at a satisfactory level. Lack of
awareness/knowledge about the integrated pest/disease management, lack of
availability of skilled labour for climbing coconut palms to undertake plant protection
measures, high cost of plant protection chemicals were some of the constraints
experienced by farmers in the adoption of proper IPM/IDM practices.
The participatory rural analysis revealed that agriculture is the important source of
income, which provides livelihood to 55 per cent of the population. 15 per cent of the
populations are engaged in the agriculture labour sector. There is a decline in the number
of agricultural labourers over the years mainly because of the fact that there is reduction
in paddy area and that they do not get employment through out the year. A sizeable
segment ie, 20 per cent of the population depends on service sector for their livelihood.
Also a large number of families in the panchayat depend on their NRI relatives in Gulf
countries as the major source of income.
There is a general feeling among the cultivators that income from farming sector
is on the decline since the last few years as there is a wide fluctuation of price for the
agricultural produce especially for coconut, which is the major crop of the area.
Participants of the wealth ranking exercise conducted as part of the PRA in the study area
opined that size of holding, cropping pattern, availability of irrigation facility, on and off-
farm income were the criteria to be considered for categorizing the farmers. Accordingly
it was revealed that a majority (60 per cent) of the farmers belonged to poor category.
Lower middle class and middle class farmers were 30 per cent and 10 per cent
respectively. The expenditure analysis showed that farmers spend 50 per cent of their
income for food, 25 per cent for non-food essential items, 10 per cent each for health care
and education and the remaining 5 per cent for other miscellaneous items of expenditure.
It was generally observed that the coconut holdings belonging to poor farm families fetch
them a per capita income of only Rs.18000.00 or less per year. There is scope for
enhancing their income level by intervening with appropriate coconut technologies.
Scope for improving the coconut situation and enhancing income level of farmers
The level of technology use by the coconut growers and the availability of
technologies for increasing coconut productivity clearly indicate the potential for
improving the coconut scenario in the selected village.
Poor coconut farmers who mainly constitute the small and marginal category
have the option of choosing appropriate technologies for enhancing their income from
coconut farming and thereby improve their standard of living. The technological
interventions through cultivating high yielding cultivars of coconut to enhance the yield
and income, adoption of integrated nutrient management and integrated pest/disease
management, growing suitable inter/mixed crops in coconut gardens and integrating
animal husbandry and other subsidiary enterprises with coconut farming and promoting
the diversification of coconut products.
Matrix scoring was employed by the farmers for analyzing the varieties of coconut
available in Pallikkara coconut community. The varieties were assigned scores between 1
to 10 on each of the attribute considered for ranking. A total of 10 attributes were
considered for ranking the varieties. The results are furnished below:
01 Pallikkara
Ordinary 5 5 8 8 6 8 8 8 7 8 70
Tall
02 Koottakkani
Round Tall 5 9 7 8 5 9 7 6 6 7 69
03 Pallikkara
Red Tall 5 4 7 8 6 6 6 7 6 7 62
04 Alakode 5 8 8 9 5 8 7 6 5 7 68
Tall
05 Pallikkara
Orange 7 5 5 5 8 6 7 7 9 7 63
Dwarf
06 Pallikkara
Green 7 5 5 5 8 6 7 7 9 7 63
Dwarf
A – Early bearing
B – More number of nuts
C – Good quality kernel for culinary use
D – Good quality copra
E – Better quality tendernut
F – Better response to manures and fertilizers
G – Better response to low input management
H – Better performance under rainfed situation
I - Better tolerance to soil moisture stress
J - Low incidence of pests and diseases
The results of the matrix scoring exercise revealed that Pallikkara Ordinary Tall,
Koottakkani Round Tall and Alakode Tall were the most preferred varieties by the
farmers in Pallikkara Community, while Pallikkara Red Tall was the least preferred
variety.
The local tall is the most popular coconut variety grown in Pallikkara community.
Farmers perceived that the local tall is well adapted to their local environment and the
average management conditions. For culinary purpose also the nuts of tall types were
preferred by the farmers. The tall types were responsive to the application of manures and
fertilizers. It shows that there is scope for enhancing the production of coconut in the
community by adopting integrated nutrient management of the local tall coconut palms
which are predominant in the community. When the earliness in bearing and tendernut
quality were considered, the dwarf varieties scored over the tall types. Utilizing the dwarf
varieties available in the community for tendernut purpose can be an income generation
activity for the coconut farmers. More gardens with the local dwarf varieties are to be
established. For this quality planting materials of local dwarf varieties of coconut are to
be made available to the farmers. It was revealed that the two local dwarf varieties
characterized by the farmers exhibit fairly high tolerance to soil moisture stress. It is
hence imperative that the available germplasm of these local types are utilized in
breeding programmes for stress tolerance in coconut. In situ conservation of the
germplasm of these palms assumes much significance for preventing the genetic erosion
and further adaptation of the material to the local environment. The Alakode tall type
available in the community having higher content of endosperm can be exploited for
preparation of value-added products like chips. The Koottakani Round Tall type having
compact bunches and high yield can be used in the breeding programmes.
Catalogue of FARMERS’ COCONUT VARIETIES
(Pallikkara Red Tall)
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in India
Farmers’ Name -
Farmers’ Address -
Cultivar’s name - Pallikkara Red Tall
Local Name - Nadan chppu thengu
Type - Tall
Origin - West coast of Kerala
2) Morphological description:
Tall palms. Semi-spherical crown carrying 25-30 fronds, 12-14 bunches. It is a regular bearer.
Average productivity is around 70 nuts per palm per year. The fruit is typically red in colour.
Leaf petiole are green in colour. Tender nut water is sweet and has medicinal value.
No. of nuts/bunch : 15
No. of nuts harvested/year : 70
8) Literature:
Catalogue of FARMERS’ COCONUT VARIETIES
(Alakode Tall)
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in India
Alakode Tall
1) Passport data –
2) Morphological description:
Tall palms. Medium to large sized, light green coloured, elongated nuts. Average productivity
is around 120 nuts per palm per year. Well adapted to the irrigated local environment. Nuts
good for copra making.
No. of nuts/bunch : 10
No. of nuts harvested/year : 120
8) Literature:
Catalogue of FARMERS’ COCONUT VARIETIES
(Koottakkani Round Tall)
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in India
2) Morphological description:
Semi-tall palms. Medium sized, round, light green coloured nuts that are
compactly arranged. It is an alternate bearer.
No. of nuts/bunch : 20
No. of nuts harvested/year : 180
8) Literature:
Catalogue of FARMERS’ COCONUT VARIETIES
(Pallikkara Orange Dwarf)
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in India
Farmers’ Name -
Farmers’ Address - Pakkam post, Pallikkara, Kasaragod
Cultivar’s name - Pallikkara Orange Dwarf
Local Name - Chenthengu
Type - Dwarf
Origin - West coast of Kerala
2) Morphological description:
Approximately 90 years old palms showing dwarf characters with orange nuts, currently
growing to a height of 15m . Progenies raised from these palms are mostly orange dwarf.
Fronds are also orange in colour.
No. of nuts/bunch : 5
No. of nuts harvested/year : 60
8) Literature:
Catalogue of FARMERS’ COCONUT VARIETIES
(Pallikkara Green Dwarf)
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in India
Farmers’ Name -
Farmers’ Address - Pakkam post, Pallikkara, Kasaragod
Cultivar’s name - Pallikkara Green Dwarf
Local Name - Pachathengu
Type - Dwarf
Origin - West coast of Kerala
2) Morphological description:
Approximately 90 years old palms showing dwarf characters with green nuts,
currently growing to a height of 15m. The leaves and trunk of the palm resembles
that of dwarf.
No. of nuts/bunch : 8
No. of nuts harvested/year : 60
8) Literature:
Database of Farmers’ Coconut Varieties
Country: India Longitude:
Date of survey: 6 June 2003 Latitude:
and 10 June 2003
Community: Pallikkara Coast grid:
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Pallikkara Red Tall Local Name: Nadan choppu thengu
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Koottakkani Round Tall Local Name: Koottakkani thengu
Dialect: Malayalam Origin: Not known
Type: Tall Dwarf Farmer’s Address:
Farmer’s Name: Mr.Ramakrishnan
No. of coconut trees Average age of coconut trees: 20-25
owned/managed: 50 years
Description: Semi-tall palms. Medium sized, round, light green coloured nuts that
are compactly arranged. Alternate bearer
Color of nuts: Green Yellow Brown Red
Orange
Others (specify): Light green
Color of leaves: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Color of petioles: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Size of nuts: Breadth (cm) : 12
Length (cm) : 14
PARTS, USES and PROBABLE INCOME DERIVED
Parts Use(s)/Product Probable Income Additional
(s) Generating Activity Income (US$)
per year
Root • •
Stem • Furniture •
making/Fuel
Bark • •
Inflorescence: Toddy Toddy tapping
/Decoration
Bracts • fuel •
Stalk and rachis • •
Leaves Thatching, Vermicomposting
Basket making,
vermicompost
preparation
Husk Fiber coir making
extraction/Fuel
Shell Fuel/Handicrafts charcoal making
Water • vinegar preparation
Coconut meat Culinary use, copra and chips making
(endosperm) copra making
Tender nut Drinking •
YIELD INFORMATION
Number of nuts per bunch: 20 Average weight of nuts (g): 650
Weight of shell (g): 110 Weight of husk (g): 220
Water content (ml): 40 Weight of endosperm (g): 230
OTHER INFORMATION
Causes of genetic erosion:
Other attributes:
Remarks: Sparingly distributed with <1% of the population
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Alakode Tall Local Name: Nadan thengu
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Pallikkara Orange Local Name: Chenthengu
Dwarf
Dialect: Malayalam Origin: West Coast of Kerala
Type: Tall Dwarf Farmer’s Address:
Farmer’s Name:
No. of coconut trees Average age of coconut trees: 90-
owned/managed: 10 100 years
Description: Approximately 90 years old palms showing dwarf characters with
orange nuts, currently growing to a height of 15 m . Progenies raised from these
palms are mostly orange dwarf.
Color of nuts: Green Yellow Brown Red
Others (specify): orange
Color of leaves: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Color of petioles: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Size of nuts: Breadth (cm): 10
Length (cm): 16
PARTS, USES and PROBABLE INCOME DERIVED
Parts Use(s)/Product Probable Income Additional
(s) Generating Activity Income (US$)
per year
Root • •
Stem • •
Bark • •
Inflorescence: Decoration •
Bracts fuel •
Stalk and rachis • •
Leaves Thatching, •
Basket making,
Husk Fiber coir making
extraction/Fuel
Shell Fuel/Handicrafts charcoal making
Water • vinegar preparation
Coconut meat Culinary use •
(endosperm)
Tender nut Drinking Selling tendernuts
YIELD INFORMATION
Number of nuts per bunch: 5 Average weight of nuts (g): 720
Weight of shell (g): 70 Weight of husk (g): 460
Water content (ml): 38 Weight of endosperm (g): 190
OTHER INFORMATION
Causes of genetic erosion: Neglect of the garden due to property dispute
Other attributes:
Remarks: Palms with dwarf characters as old as 90 years and as tall as 15 m are
rarely found.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Pallikkara Green Dwarf Local Name: Pachathengu
Dialect: Malayalam Origin: West Coast of Kerala
Type: Tall Dwarf Farmer’s Address:
Farmer’s Name:
No. of coconut trees Average age of coconut trees: 90-
owned/managed: 10 100 years
Description: Approximately 90 years old palms showing dwarf characters with
green nuts, currently growing to a height of 15 m .
Color of nuts: Green Yellow Brown Red
Others (specify): orange
Color of leaves: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Color of petioles: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Size of nuts: Breadth (cm): 13
Length (cm): 19
PARTS, USES and PROBABLE INCOME DERIVED
Parts Use(s)/Product Probable Income Additional
(s) Generating Activity Income (US$)
per year
Root • •
Stem • •
Bark • •
Inflorescence: Decoration •
Bracts fuel •
Stalk and rachis • •
Leaves Thatching, •
Basket making,
Husk Fiber •
extraction/Fuel
Shell Fuel/Handicrafts charcoal making
Water • vinegar preparation
Coconut meat Culinary use •
(endosperm)
Tender nut Drinking Selling tendernuts
YIELD INFORMATION
Number of nuts per bunch: 8 Average weight of nuts (g): 920
Weight of shell (g): 120 Weight of husk (g): 460
Water content (ml): 49 Weight of endosperm (g): 340
OTHER INFORMATION
Causes of genetic erosion: Neglect of the garden due to property dispute
Other attributes:
Remarks: Palms with dwarf characters as old as 90 years and as tall as 15 m are
rarely found.
General information
Most of the farmers cultivate inter/mixed crops in their coconut gardens mainly
the first three years of planting in the main field. They also cultivate inter/mixed crops
like tapioca, bhendi, brinjal, tomato, chillies, bitter gourd, snake gourd, mango, banana,
groundnut etc. Most of the coconut farmers have dairy as a component of the farming
system and some of them integrate the same with other animal husbandry enterprises
such as poultry, rabbitry etc.
Uses of coconut
Coconut palm as such is used in various ways and means by the farmers of the
region. A major share of nuts is sold as tender nuts. Farmers feels that since the taste and
water content of tender nuts fetches better price in Chennai Metro as well as in the tourist
places such as Mammallapuram in Chengelput district of Tamil Nadu, pre harvest
contract exists for tender nut with more than 50 percent of the coconut gardens. The farm
gate price of these nuts varies from Rs.3 during North East Monsoon period to Rs.4.5
during summer months. Another major share is used as raw nuts for direct sale as well as
for copra conversion for oil extraction mostly for domestic consumption. The dehusked
portions of the nut are used as fuel in the case of small and marginal farms, whereas the
same is used as mulching materials. In addition a major share of the husk is collected and
sold for coir manufacturing units.
The leaves of the palm is mostly used for thatching roof for huts and in some
gardens dried leaves portions are mixed along with the various ingredients of farm yard
manure.
Based on PRA techniques farmers were classifying and ranking each variety to
the best of their knowledge. In this process a few things were debated regarding the
classification among the farmers as well as with the scientists of CPCRI and State
Department officials. However for record purposes, the classifications made by the
farmers were considered and according to them there are 07 major types of coconut
cultivated in Ariyankuppam Site. Most of them may be evolved from the most popular
variety East Coast Tall. The farmers mainly use the shape of the nuts, the colour of the
nuts as well as the height of the palms as the major features for describing the varieties.
Their names and major characteristic features are as follows:
Ranking of varieties
02 Sevvelanir 3 8 8 7 6 7 7 5 6 57
03 Orange Dwarf 5 9 8 7 6 8 7 5 5 60
04 Palm Coconut 4 7 8 7 7 8 7 5 5 58
05 Tall x Dwarf 6 8 8 7 8 9 7 8 5 66
mixed
06 Koorkane 1 6 8 7 1 2 7 1 1 34
07 East Coast 9 7 8 7 7 7 7 8 5 65
Tall Green
Based on the results from the above table it could be inferred that the farmers’
most preferred variety is the East Coast Medium Tall Green as well as East Coast Tall
Green which have scored better scores as compared to other types. The least preferred
variety is Koorkane for its poor performance on most of the attributes considered for
ranking.
Catalogue of FARMERS’ COCONUT VARIETIES
(sample of one variety entry)
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in Ariyankuppam
East Coast Medium Tall Green
1) Passport data –
2) Morphological description:
8) Literature:
Catalogue of FARMERS’ COCONUT VARIETIES
(sample of one variety entry)
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in Ariyankuppam
Sevvelanir Tall
1) Passport data –
2) Morphological description:
Semi Tall palms - Medium sized nuts – rich in coconut water content with sweet taste
which has medicinal properties
3) Yield and yield components:
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in Ariyankuppam
Orange Dwarf
1) Passport data –
2) Morphological description:
Dwarf palms – Orange coloured Medium to small sized nuts suitable for tender nut
purposes
3) Yield and yield components:
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in Ariyankuppam
Spicata
1) Passport data –
2) Morphological description:
Tall palms- medium sized oblong shaped nuts – heavy bearing nature
3) Yield and yield components:
5) Resistance pest and diseases: Well adapted palms – heavy bearing under optimum
input conditions. Less incidence of stem bleeding disease
6) Distribution nationwide : East Coast of India
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in Ariyankuppam
East Coast Tall Dwarf Mixed
1) Passport data –
2) Morphological description:
Semi Tall palms – preferred for Nuts
3) Yield and yield components:
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in Ariyankuppam
Narimedu Yellow Tall
1) Passport data –
2) Morphological description:
Heavy flowering – very poor bearing tall palms
3) Yield and yield components:
Catalogue of farmers’ coconut varieties in Ariyankuppam
East Coast Tall (Green )
1) Passport data –
2) Morphological description:
Tall palms – Nuts medium to big sized –green in colour
3) Yield and yield components:
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Sevvelannir Tall Local Name: Sevvelanir Thennai Maram
Dialect: Tamil Origin: Local
Type: Tall Dwarf Farmer’s Address: No. 56, Mariamman
Farmer’s Name: Mr. V. Vazhumuni Koil Street, Andiyarpalayam.
No. of coconut trees Average age of coconut trees: 20-25
owned/managed: 150 years
Description: Semi Tall palms - Medium sized nuts – rich in coconut water content with
sweet taste which has medicinal properties
Color of nuts: Green Yellow Brown Red
Orange
Others (specify): Light green
Color of leaves: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Color of petioles: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Size of nuts: Breadth (cm) : 12
Length (cm) : 17
PARTS, USES and PROBABLE INCOME DERIVED
Parts Use(s)/Product Probable Income Additional
(s) Generating Activity Income (US$)
per year
Root • •
Stem Furniture •
making/Fuel
Bark • •
Inflorescence: Toddy Toddy tapping
/Decoration
Bracts fuel •
Stalk and rachis • •
Leaves Thatching, Vermicomposting
Basket making,
vermicompost
preparation
Husk Fiber coir making
extraction/Fuel
Shell Fuel/Handicrafts charcoal making
Water • vinegar preparation
Coconut meat Culinary use, copra and chips making
(endosperm) copra making
Tender nut • Drinking •
YIELD INFORMATION
Number of nuts per bunch: 11 Average weight of nuts (g): 750
Weight of shell (g): 110 Weight of husk (g): 320
Water content (ml): 40 Weight of endosperm (g): 270
OTHER INFORMATION
Causes of genetic erosion: Not widely cultivated. The significance has not
yet been realized
Other attributes: Adapted to the conditions – tender nut water cures diseases like
Jaundice
Remarks: Sparingly distributed with 2% of the population
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Orange Dwarf Local Name: Orange Kuttai Thennai
Maram
Dialect: Tamil Origin: Pondicherry / Tamil Nadu
Type: Tall Dwarf Farmer’s Address: Manaveli,
Ariyankuppam Post
Farmer’s Name: Mr. Krishnan
No. of coconut trees Average age of coconut trees: 25-50
owned/managed: 150 years
Description: Dwarf palms – Orange coloured Medium to small sized nuts suitable for
tender nut purposes
Color of nuts: Green Yellow Brown Red
Others (specify): Orange
Color of leaves: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Color of petioles: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Size of nuts: Diameter (cm): 11
Length (cm): 16
PARTS, USES and PROBABLE INCOME DERIVED
Parts Use(s)/Product Probable Income Additional
(s) Generating Activity Income (US$)
per year
Root • •
Stem Furniture •
making/Fuel
Bark • •
Inflorescence: Toddy Toddy tapping
/Decoration
Bracts fuel •
Stalk and rachis • •
Leaves Thatching, Vermicomposting
Basket making,
vermicompost
preparation
Husk Fiber coir making
extraction/Fuel
Shell Fuel/Handicrafts
charcoal making
Water • vinegar preparation
Coconut meat Culinary use,
copra and chips making
(endosperm) copra making
Tender nut Drinking •
YIELD INFORMATION
Number of nuts per bunch: 10 Average weight of nuts (g): 630
Weight of shell (g): 89 Weight of husk (g): 390
Water content (ml): 300 Weight of endosperm (g): 180
OTHER INFORMATION
Causes of genetic erosion Not Applicable since the existing population is
low
Other attributes: Well adapted – medium bearing with better consistency – preferred
as a tender nut variety
Remarks : Not a very popular variety in spite of higher demand for tender
coconut
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Spicata Local Name: Panai Thennai Maram
Dialect: Tamil Origin: Pondicherry / Tamil Nadu
Type: Tall Dwarf Farmer’s Address: Ariyankuppam
Farmer’s Name: Mr. Krishnan
No. of coconut trees Average age of coconut trees: 30-50
owned/managed: 100 years
Description Tall palms- medium sized oblong shaped nuts – heavy bearing nature
Color of nuts: Green Yellow Brown Red
Others (specify):
Color of leaves: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Color of petioles: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Size of nuts: Breadth (cm): 16
Length (cm): 25
PARTS, USES and PROBABLE INCOME DERIVED
Parts Use(s)/Product Probable Income Additional
(s) Generating Activity Income (US$)
per year
Root • •
Stem • •
Bark • •
Inflorescence: Decoration •
Bracts fuel •
Stalk and rachis •
Leaves Thatching, •
Basket making,
Husk Fiber coir making
extraction/Fuel
Shell Fuel/Handicrafts charcoal making
Water vinegar preparation
Coconut meat Culinary use
(endosperm)
Tender nut Drinking Selling tendernuts
YIELD INFORMATION
Number of nuts per bunch: 10 Average weight of nuts (g): 800
Weight of shell (g): 112 Weight of husk (g): 200
Water content (ml): 100 Weight of endosperm (g): 400
OTHER INFORMATION
Causes of genetic erosion: Not Applicable since the existing population is
low
Other attributes: Well adapted palms – heavy bearing under optimum input
conditions. Less incidence of stem bleeding disease
Remarks: In general preferred by the farmers for its heavy bearing and
shape . 5 % of the population is generally seen
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Tall-Dwarf Mixed Local Name: Neetai Kuttai Kalappu
Thennai Maram
Dialect: Tamil Origin: East Coast of Tamil Nadu
/Pondicherry
Type: Tall Dwarf Farmer’s Address: Nalavadu,
Farmer’s Name: Mr. N. Ramalingam Ariyankuppam Post
No. of coconut trees Average age of coconut trees: 25-60
owned/managed: 150 years
Description Semi Tall palms – preferred for Nuts
Color of nuts: Green Yellow Brown Red
Others (specify): orange
Color of leaves: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Color of petioles: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: Narimedu Yellow Tall Local Name: Koorkane Thennai
Maram
Dialect: Tamil Origin: East Coast of Tamil Nadu
/Pondicherry
Type: Tall Dwarf Farmer’s Address: Ariyankuppam
Farmer’s Name: Mr. N. Harikrishnan
No. of coconut trees Average age of coconut trees: 35
owned/managed: 01 years
Description Heavy flowering – very poor bearing tall palms
Color of nuts: Green Yellow Brown Red
Others (specify): orange
Color of leaves: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Color of petioles: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Size of nuts: Breadth (cm): 13
Length (cm): 17
PARTS, USES and PROBABLE INCOME DERIVED
Parts Use(s)/Product Probable Income Additional
(s) Generating Activity Income (US$)
per year
Root • •
Stem • •
Bark • •
Inflorescence: Decoration •
Bracts fuel •
Stalk and rachis • •
Leaves Thatching, •
Basket making,
Husk Fiber •
extraction/Fuel
Shell Fuel/Handicrafts charcoal making
Water • vinegar preparation
Coconut meat Culinary use •
(endosperm)
Tender nut Drinking •
YIELD INFORMATION
Number of nuts per bunch: 01 Average weight of nuts (g): 720
Weight of shell (g): 110 Weight of husk (g): 180
Water content (ml): 50 Weight of endosperm (g): 300
OTHER INFORMATION
Causes of genetic erosion: Not Applicable since the existing population is
low
Other attributes: Peculiar type of ECT. Present rarely in few gardens
Remarks: Exists less than 1% of the population
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cultivar Name: East Coast Tall Local Name: Nettal Thennai Maram
Green
Dialect: Tamil Origin: East Coast of Tamil Nadu
/Pondicherry
Type: Tall Dwarf Farmer’s Address: Oodaveli,
Ariyankuppam Post
Farmer’s Name: Mr. N.Iyyavu
No. of coconut trees Average age of coconut trees: 25-50
owned/managed: 100 years
Description Tall palms – Nuts medium to big sized –green in colour
Color of nuts: Green Yellow Brown Red
Others (specify): orange
Color of leaves: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Color of petioles: Green Yellow Brown
Red
Others (specify):
Size of nuts: Breadth (cm): 19
Length (cm): 20
PARTS, USES and PROBABLE INCOME DERIVED
Parts Use(s)/Product Probable Income Additional
(s) Generating Activity Income (US$)
per year
Root • •
Stem • •
Bark • •
Inflorescence: Decoration •
Bracts fuel •
Stalk and rachis • •
Leaves Thatching, •
Basket making,
Husk Fiber •
extraction/Fuel
Shell Fuel/Handicrafts charcoal making
Water • vinegar preparation
Coconut meat Culinary use •
(endosperm)
Tender nut Drinking •
YIELD INFORMATION
Number of nuts per bunch: 13 Average weight of nuts (g): 790
Weight of shell (g): 100 Weight of husk (g): 180
Water content (ml): 40 Weight of endosperm (g): 320
OTHER INFORMATION
Causes of genetic erosion: Not applicable since this is the predominantly
cultivated variety
Other attributes: Well adapted – best performance under good management
Remarks: Exists in 35% of the population