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NAME : Ariffaisal Bin Aziz

CLASS : 5 Adil

ASSESSOR’S: PN Marzita Bt Ismail

INDEX
Content Pages

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Mobile computing

3.0 Internet technology and

services
4.0 Types Of Network

5.0 Conclusion

6.0 References

The Latest Development in Networks and Communications

1.0 Introduction

A computer network is a system of interconnected computers and

peripheral devices. For
example, it may connect computers, printers, scanners and cameras.
Communications is about the transfer of information from a sender,
across a distance, to a
receiver whilst Computers communicate with digital signals. The older
forms of
communications technology, such as telephones and radios, use
analog signals.

2.0 Mobile Computing

2.1 definition

Mobile computing is a generic term describing one's ability to use

technology while moving,
as opposed to portable computers, which are only practical for use
while deployed in a
stationary configuration.
Many types of mobile computers have been introduced since the
1990s, including the:
Nokia Nokia E90 Communicator

Processor

Processor ARM
Processor Speed332 MHz

Display

Diagonal Display Size4 inches

Display Resolution 800 x 352 inches
Display Type Color
Number of Displays Two

Operating System

OS SupportedSymbian

Camera

MegaPixels 3.2 MP
Flash Yes
Camera ShutterNo

Form Factor

Form FactorCandy bar

Battery

Lithium
Battery Type
ion
Vendor Rated Standby Time336 hours
Vendor Rated Talk Time 5 hours

Storage

MicroSDYes

Dimensions

Dimensions0.78/5.19/2.16 inches
Weight 7.4 oz.

Cellular Frequency Technology

• WCDMA
• GSM 1800
• GSM 1900
Cellular Technology (Voice + Data)
• GSM 850

• EGSM 900

Features
Antenna TypeInternal
FM Radio Yes
GPS Yes

Audio

Audio Inputs Microphone

• 2.5 mm headphone jack
Audio Outputs
• Headphone jack

Connectivity

• Bluetooth
Other Connectivity
• WLAN

Included Software

• support for Nokia Intellisync

Included
Software • Quickoffice tools with editors, Nokia Maps, Nokia Office Tools
1.1, VoIP 2.1

Mail

ExchangeYes
IMAP4 Yes
POP3 Yes

Media

MP3 Yes
Other MediaAAC

Messaging
 • SMS
• MMS
Messaging • E-Mail

• EDGE

Sync

Other SyncminiUSB
USB2 Yes

User Interface

BacklightingYes
TouchscreenNo

Video

Streaming Video Yes

Video Calling ConferenceYes

2.2 Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing

Personal digital assistants (usually abbreviated to PDAs) are handheld

devices that were
originally designed as personal organizers, but became much more
versatile over the years.
The many uses and tasks of a basic PDA include many features:
calculating, use as a clock
and calendar, playing computer games, accessing the Internet,
sending and receiving E-mails,
use as a radio or stereo, video recording, recording notes, use as an
address book, and use as a
spreadsheet. Newer PDAs also have both color screens and audio
capabilities, enabling them
to be used as mobile phones (PDA Phone), web browsers or media
players. Many PDAs can
access the Internet, intranets or extranets via Wi-Fi, or Wireless Wide-
Area Networks
(WWANs).

3.0 Internet technology and services

3.1 VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of

transmission
technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP networks
such as the Internet or
other packet-switched networks. Other terms frequently encountered
and synonymous with
VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband
(VoBB), broadband
telephony, and broadband phone.
Internet telephony refers to communications services-voice, facsimile,
and voice-messaging
applications-that are transported via the Internet, rather than the
public switched telephone
network (PSTN). The basic steps involved in originating an Internet
telephone call are
conversion of the analog voice signal to digital format and
compression/translation of the
signal into Internet protocol (IP) packets for transmission over the
Internet; the process is
reversed at the receiving end.

VoIP systems employ session control protocols to control the set-up

and tear-down of calls as
well as audio codes which encode speech allowing transmission over
an IP network as digital
audio via an audio stream. Codec use is varied between different
implementations of VoIP
(and often a range of codes are used); some implementations rely on
narrowband and
compressed speech, while others support high fidelity stereo codes.

3.2 BLOG
A blog is a type of website, usually maintained by an individual with
regular entries of
commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics
or video. Entries are
commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order.
Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject;
others function as more
personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images, and links
to other blogs, Web
pages, and other media related to its topic. The ability for readers to
leave comments in an
interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are
primarily textual,
although some focus on art (artlog), photographs (photoblog), sketches
(sketchblog), videos
(vlog), music (MP3 blog), and audio (podcasting). Micro-blogging is
another type of
blogging, featuring very short posts.

4.0 Types of network

4.1 PAN

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for

communication among
computer devices close to one person. Some examples of devices that
are used in a PAN are
personal computers, printers, fax machines, telephones, PDAs,
scanners, and even video
game consoles. Such a PAN may include wired and wireless
connections between devices.
The reach of a PAN is typically at least about 20-30 feet (approximately
6-9 meters), but this
is expected to increase with technology improvements.

4.2 VPN

A virtual private network (VPN) is a computer network in which some of

the links between
nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger
network (e.g., the
Internet) instead of by physical wires. The data link layer protocols of
the virtual network are
said to be tunneled through the larger network when this is the case.
One common application
is secure communications through the public Internet, but a VPN need
not have explicit
security features, such as authentication or content encryption. VPNs,
for example, can be
used to separate the traffic of different user communities over an
underlying network with
strong security features.
A VPN may have best-effort performance, or may have a defined
service level agreement
(SLA) between the VPN customer and the VPN service provider.
Generally, a VPN has a
topology more complex than point-to-point.
A VPN allows computer users to appear to be editing from an IP
address location other than
the one which connects the actual computer to the Internet.

4.3 WLAN

WLANs provide wireless network communication over short distances

using radio or
infrared signals instead of traditional network cabling.
A WLAN typically extends an existing wired local area network. WLANs
are built by
attaching a device called the access point (AP) to the edge of the wired
network. Clients
communicate with the AP using a wireless network adapter similar in
function to a traditional
Ethernet adapter.
Network security remains an important issue for WLANs. Random
wireless clients must
usually be prohibited from joining the WLAN. Technologies like WEP
raise the level of
security on wireless networks to rival that of traditional wired
networks.

4.4 WIMAX

WiMax is the industry term for a long-range wireless networking

standard. WiMax
technology has the potential to deliver high-speed Internet access to
rural areas and other
locations not serviced by cable or DSL technology. WiMax also offers
an alternative to
satellite Internet services.
WiMax technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 WAN communications
standard. WiMax
signals can function over a distance of several miles / kilometers. Data
rates for WiMax can
reach up to 75 megabits per second (Mb/s). A number of wireless
signaling options exist
ranging anywhere from the 2 GHz range up to 66 GHz.

5.0 Conclusion

Network communication is an ever-growing industry with new

technologies and standards
emerging every day. To use a communication network effectively you
need to know the
advantages and disadvantages, as well as the various types of
networks possible.

6.0 References

http://www.wikipedia.com
http:// compnetworking.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_Internet_Protocol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog

http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingconcepts/a/netw
ork_types.h
tm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Area_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN

http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition/wimax.asp