ýýÑããèýý

ÑããèØã¥ãñÍãã¾ã ¶ã½ã:ý
½ããÌãßÌããè¦ã ãäÌãÏÌãã¼ããÔãì ý ¶ãÌãË „ª¾ãËã Þãâ¡ãâÎãì ý ‚ã̪¾ããã井ã¶ããèãäÌã‡ãŠãÎãì (‚ã̪õ¦ãÀì¹ã ‡ãŠ½ããäߥããèÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÔã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀã) ý Ìãâªâî ‚ãã¦ããâ ýý1ýý •ããñ
‚ããäÌ㪿ããÀã¦ããè ÀÔããñãä¶ã¾ããâ ý ãäØãßãè —ãã¶ãã—ãã¶ãÞããâªãä¥ã¾ããâ ý •ããñ Ôãìã䪶ãì ‡ãŠÀãè —ãããä¶ã¾ããâ ý ÔÌãºããñ£ããÞãã ýý2ýý •ãñ¥ãñâ ãäÌãÌãßãä¦ã¾ãñ ÔãÌãßñ ý
ËãÖãñãä¶ã ‚ã㦽ã—ãã¶ããÞãñ ¡ãñßñ ý Ôããâã䡦ããè ªñÖãÖâ¦ãñÞããèâ ‚ããäÌãÔããßñâ ý •ããèÌã¹ãàããè ýý3ýý ãäËâØãªñև㊽ãßãÞãã ý ¹ããñ›ãèâ ÌãñâÞãì ¦ã¾ãã
ãäÞãªá¼ãƽãÀãÞãã (•ããèÌãÞãõ¦ã¶¾ãÀî¹ããè ¼ãƽãÀãÞãã) ý ºãâã䪽ããñàãì •ã¾ããÞãã ý „ªõËã Öãñ¾ã ýý4ýý Î㺪ããäÞã¾ãã ‚ããÔã‡ãŠ¡ãèâ ý ¼ãñª¶ãªãèÞ¾ãã ªãñÖãèâ ©ã¡ãèâ ý
‚ããÀ¡ã¦ãñ ãäÌãÀÖÌãñ¡ãèâ ý ºãìã䣪ºããñ£ãì ýý5ýý ¦ã¾ãã Þã‡ãÆŠÌãã‡ãŠãâÞãñâ ãä½ã©ãì¶ã ý Ôãã½ãÀÔ¾ããÞãñâ Ôã½ãã£ãã¶ã ý ¼ããñØãÌããè •ããñ ãäÞãªáØãØã¶ã ý ¼ãìÌã¶ããäªÌãã
ýý6ýý •ãñ¥ãñâ ¹ããÖããä˾ãñ („•ãã¡Ëñʾãã) ¹ããÖãâ›ñ ý ¼ãñªãÞããè ÞããñÀÌãñß ãä¹ãŠ›ñ ý ãäÀÜã¦ããè ‚ã㦽ãã¶ãì¼ãÌãÌãã›ñ ý ¹ããâãä©ã‡ãŠ ¾ããñØããè ýý7ýý •ã¾ããÞãñãä¶ã
ãäÌãÌãñ‡ãŠãä‡ãŠÀ¥ãÔãâØãñâ ý „¶½ãñŒãÔãî¾ãÇãŠãâ¦ãì ¹ã슥ãØãñ ý ªãè¹ãËñ •ãããäߦããè ªãâØãñâ ý ÔãâÔããÀãÞããèâ ýý8ýý •ã¾ããÞãã Àãäνã¹ãìâ•ãì ãä¶ãºãÀì ý Öãñ¦ãã ÔÌãÀî¹ã
„ŒãÀãèâ (‚ã—ãã¶ãÀî¹ã ½ããß•ããä½ã¶ããèÌãÀ) ãäÔ©ãÀì ý ¾ãñ ½ãÖããäÔ㣪ãèÞãã ¹ãîÀì ý ½ãðØã•ãß ¦ãñâ ýý9ýý •ããñ ¹ãƦ¾ãغããñ£ãããäÞã¾ãã ½ãã©ã¾ãã ý ÔããñÖâ¦ãñÞãã
½ã£¾ãã¶Öãèâ ‚ãããä˾ãã ý ˹ãñ ‚ã㦽ã¼ãÆãâãä¦ãœã¾ãã ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ããâ ¦ãßãèâ ýý10ýý ¦ãñ Ìãñßãèâ ãäÌãÏÌãÔÌ㹶ããÔããäÖ¦ãñâ ý ‡ãŠãñ¥ã ‚㶾ã©ãã½ã¦ããè ãä¶ãªÆñ¦ãñâ ý
Ôããâ¼ããßãè ¶ãìÀñãäÞã •ãñ©ãñâ ý ½ãã¾ããÀã¦ããè ýý11ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ã̪¾ãºããñ£ã¹ã㛥ããèâ (‚ã̪õ¦ã ºããñ£ãÀî¹ããè ÎãÖÀãâ¦ã) ý ¦ãñ©ã ½ãÖã¶ãâªãÞããè ªã›¥ããè ý ½ãØã
ÔãìŒãã¶ãì¼ãî¦ããèÞããèâ Üãñ¥ããèâ ªñ¥ããèâ ý ½ãâªãÌããñâ ËãØã¦ããè ýý12ýý ãä‡ã⊺ãÖì¶ãã †ñÔãõÔãñâ ý ½ãì§ãŠ‡ãõŠÌãʾã ÔãìãäªÌãÔãñâ ý Ôãªã ËããäÖ•ãñ ‡ãŠãâ ¹ãƇãŠãÎãñâ ý
•ã¾ããÞãñ¶ããè ýý13ýý •ããñ ãä¶ã•ã£ãã½ã¾ããñ½ããèâÞãã ÀãÌããñ ý „ªõËããäÞã „ªõ•ã¦ãŒãñâÌããñ („ØãÌã¦ããâàã¥ããèÞã) ý ¹ãŠñ¡ãè ¹ãîÌããÃãäª ãäªÎããâãäÔã ŸãÌããñ ý
„ªãñ‚ãÔ¦ãîÞãã ýý14ýý ¶ã ãäªÔã¥ãñâ ãäªÔã¥ãñâ¶ãÔããèâ ½ããÌãßÌããè ý ªãñÖãèâ ¢ããâãä‡ãŠËñâ ¦ãñâ ÔãõâÜã ¹ããËÌããè ý ‡ãŠã¾ã ºãÖì ºããñËãñâ ¦ãñ ‚ããÜãÌããè ý „ŒãããäÞã
‚ãã¶ããè ýý15ýý ¦ããñ ‚ãÖãñÀã¨ããâÞãã ¹ãõˇ㊡ì ý ‡ãŠãñ¥ãñâ ªñŒããÌãã —ãã¶ã½ãã¦âãáì ý •ããñ ¹ãƇãŠãξãñâÌããè¥ã (¹ãƇãŠããäÎã¦ã Öãñ¥ããžãã ¹ãªã©ããÃÌããâÞãî¶ã) ÔãìÀÌãã¡ì ý
¹ãƇãŠãÎããÞãã ýý16ýý ¦ã¾ãã ãäÞã¦Ôãî¾ããà Ñããèãä¶ãÌãð§ããè ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¶ã½ããñâ ½Ö¥ããñâ ¹ã줦ã¹ã줦ããè ý •ãñ ºãã£ã‡ãŠã ¾ãñƒ•ã¦ãÔãñ Ô¦ãì¦ããè ý ºããñËããäÞã¾ãã
ýý17ýý ªñÌããÞãñâ ½ããäÖ½ãã¶ã ¹ããÖãñãä¶ã¾ããâ ý Ô¦ãì¦ããè ¦ãÀãè ¾ãñƒ•ãñ ÞããâØããÌã¾ãã (Ìã¥ãö㠇ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãèâ) ý •ãÀãè Ô¦ã̾ãºã죪ãèÔããèâ ˾ãã ý •ãフãñ ‡ãŠãâ
ýý18ýý •ããñ ÔãÌãöãñãä¥ãÌããâ •ãããä¥ã•ãñ ý ½ããõ¶ãããäÞã¾ãã ãä½ãŸãè¾ãã Ìãããä¶ã•ãñ ý ‡ãŠãâÖãèâÞã ¶ã Öãñãä¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã•ãñ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ã¾ããâ •ããñ ýý19ýý ¦ã¾ãã
¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãã „ªáªñÎããÔããŸãèâ ý ¹ãξãâ¦ããè ½ã£¾ã½ãã ¹ããñ›ãèâ ý Ôãîãä¶ã ¹ãÀñâÔããèâÖãè ¹ããŸãèâ ý ÌãõŒãÀãè ãäÌãÀñ ýý20ýý ¦ã¾ãã ¦ãî¦ãñâ ½ããè ÔãñÌã‡ãŠ¹ã¥ãñâ ý ËñÌãÌããèâ
ºããñˇãñŠ¾ãã Ô¦ããñ¨ããÞãñâ Ëñ¥ãñâ ý Öñâ „¹ãÔããÌãñâÖãè (Ôãֶ㠇ãŠÀãÌãñâ, ÔÌããè‡ãŠãÀãÌãñâ) ½Ö¥ã¦ããâ „¥ãñâ ý ‚ã̪¾ãã¶ãâªã ýý21ýý ¹ãÀãè Àâ‡ãñ⊠‚ã½ãð¦ããÞãã ÔããØãÀì ý
Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 1
ªñãäŒããä˾ãã ¹ã¡ñ „ãäÞã¦ããÞãã ãäÌãÔãÀì ý ½ãØã ‡ãŠÀâî £ããâÌãñâ ¹ããÖì¥ãñÀì ý Îãã‡ãŠãâÞãã ¦ã¾ãã ýý22ýý ¦ãñ©ã Îãã‡ãìŠÖãè ‡ãŠãèÀ ºãÖì¦ã ½Ö¥ããÌãã ý ¦ã¾ããÞãã
ÖÓãÃÌãñØãìãäÞã ¦ããñ ܾããÌãã ý „•ãßãñãä¶ã ãäªÌ¾ã¦ãñ•ãã Öããä¦ãÌãã ý ¦ãñ ¼ã§ãŠãèãäÞã ¹ããÖãÌããèýý23ýý ºããßã „ãäÞã¦ã (¾ããñؾãã¾ããñؾã) •ãã¥ã¥ãñâ Öãñ¾ãñ ý ¦ãÀãè
ºããß¹ã¥ããäÞã ‡ãñ⊠‚ããÖñ?ý ¹ãÀãè ÔããÞããäÞã ¾ãñÀãè ½ãã¾ãñ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¦ããñÓãñ ýý24ýý Öãâ Øãã ØããÌãÀÔãñâ ¼ãÀËñâ ý ¹ãã¥ããè ¹ããŸãèâ ¹ãã¾ã ªñ¦ã ‚ããËñâ ý ¦ãñâ
ØãâØãã ‡ãŠã¾ã ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ý ¹ãÀ¦ãñâ ÔãÀ?ýý25ýý •ããè ¼ãðØãîÞãã ‡ãõŠÔãã ‚ã¹ã‡ãŠãÀì ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¦ããñ ½ãã¶ãîãä¶ã ãä¹ãƾããñ¹ãÞããÀì ý ¦ããñÓãñãäÞã¶ãã ÎããÀâØã£ãÀì ý
ØãìÀì¦ÌããÔããèâ (ØãìÀì¹ãÆÔããªãËã) ?ýý26ýý ‡ãŠãèâ ‚ããâ£ããÀñâ Œã¦ãñËñâ ‚ãâºãÀ ý ¢ããËñ¾ãã ãäªÌãÔã¶ãã©ããÔã½ããñÀ ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ¦ã¾ãã¦ãñâ ¹ãÅÖã ÔãÀ ý ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ
‡ãŠãƒÃ?ýý27ýý ¦ãñÌããèâ ¼ãñªºã죪ãèãäÞã¾ãñ ¦ãìßñ ý ÜããËîãä¶ã Ôãî¾ãÃÏËñÓããÞãñ ‡ãŠãâ›ãßñâ ý ¦ãìãä‡ãŠËãÔããè ¦ãñâ ¾ãñ‡ãŠãè Ìãñßñ ý „¹ãÔãããäÖ•ããñ •ããè ýý28ýý
ãä•ãÖãèâ £¾ãã¶ããÞãã ¡ãñßãâ ¹ãããäÖËãÔããè ý Ìãñªããäª ÌããÞããâ Ìãããä¶ãËãÔããè ý •ãñâ „¹ãÔãããäÖËñâ ¦ã¾ããâÔããè ý ¦ãñâ ‚ãã½ÖãâÖãè ‡ãŠÀãèâ ýý29ýý ¹ãÀãè ½ããè ‚ãããä•ã
¦ã좾ãã Øãì¥ããèâ ý ËãâÞããÌãËãñâ (ÔãÌã‡ãŠËãñâ) ‚ã¹ãÀã£ãì ¶ã Øã¥ããèâ ý ¼ã˦ãñâ ‡ãŠÀãèâ ¹ãÀãè ‚ã£ããã¥ããèâ ý ¶ãìŸãè⠇㊪ã ýý30ýý ãä½ã¾ããâ Øããè¦ãã ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ¶ããâÌãñâ ý
¦ãì¢ãñâ ¹ãÔãã¾ã½ãð¦ã ÔãìÖãÌãñâ ý Ìãã¶ãîâ Ëã£ãËãñâ ¦ãñâ ªì¥ãñ¶ã ©ããÌãñâ ý ªõÌãËãñâ ªõÌãñâ ýý31ýý ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã Ô㦾ãÌããªãÞãñâ ¦ã¹ã ý ÌããÞãã ‡ãñŠËñâ ºãÖì¦ã ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ý
¦ã¾ãã ¹ãŠßãÞãñâ Öñâ ½ãÖã̪ãè¹ã (Øããè¦ãã¶ãã½ã‡ãŠ ̪ãè¹ã) ý ¹ãã¦ãËãè ¹ãƼãì ýý32ýý ¹ã쥾ãñâ ¹ããñãäÎãËãèâ ‚ãÔãã£ããÀ¥ãñâ ý ãä¦ã¾ãñ ¦ãì¢ãñ Øãì¥ã Ìãã¶ã¥ãñâ ý ªñÌãîãä¶ã
½ã•ã „§ããè¥ãñà ý •ããËãèâ ‚ãã•ããè ýý33ýý •ããè •ããèãäÌã¦ÌããÞ¾ãã ‚ãã¡Ìããèâ ý ‚ãã¦ãì¡Ëãñâ Öãñ¦ããñâ ½ãÀ¥ãØããâÌããèâ ý ¦ãñ ‚ãÌãªÔãããäÞã ‚ããÜãÌããè ý ¹ãñŠãä¡Ëãè
‚ãã•ããè ýý34ýý •ãñ Øããè¦ãã ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ¶ããâÌãñâ ¶ããÌãããä¥ãØããè (¶ãã½ããâãä‡ãŠ¦ã) ý •ãñ ‚ããäÌ㪿ãã ãä•ã¥ããñãä¶ã ªã›ìØããè ý ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãè¦ããèà ¦ãì¢ããè ‚ãã½Öãâ•ããñØããè ý
Ìãã¶ããÌã¾ãã •ããËãè ýý35ýý ¹ãõâãä¶ã£ãöãã ÜãÀãèâ Ìãããä¶ãÌãÔãñâ ý ½ãÖãËà½ããè ¾ãñ…ãä¶ã ºãõÔãñ ý ¦ã¾ãã¦ãñâ ãä¶ã£ãö㠆ñÔãñâ ý ½Ö¥ããñâ ¾ãñ ‡ãŠãƒÃ?ýý36ýý ‡ãŠãâ
‚ãâ£ã‡ãŠãÀããäÞã¾ãã Ÿã¾ãã ý ªõÌãñâ Ôãî¾ãìà ‚ãããä˾ãã ý ¦ããñ ‚ãâ£ããÀìãäÞã •ãØãã ¾ã¾ãã ý ¹ãƇãŠãÎãì ¶ããñÖñ?ýý37ýý •ã¾ãã ªñÌããÞããè ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ©ããñÀãè ý ãäÌãÏÌã
¹ãÀ½ãã¥ãìÖãè ªÎã㠶㠣ãÀãè ý ¦ããñ ¼ããÌãããäÞã¾ãñ (¼ã§ãŠãèÞ¾ãã •ããñÀãÌãÀ) ÔãÀãñ¼ãÀãè ý ¶ãÌÖñãäÞã ‡ãŠãƒÃ?ýý38ýý ¦ãõÔãã ½ããè Øããè¦ãã ÌããŒãã¥ããè ý Öñ
Œã¹ãìÓ¹ããÞããè ¦ãìÀâºã¥ããè ý ¹ãÀãè Ôã½ã©ãñà ¦ãìÌããâ ãäÎãÀ¾ãã¥ããè ý ¹ãñŠãä¡Ëãè ¦ãñ ýý39ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¦ãì¢ãñãä¶ã ¹ãÆÔããªñâ ý ½ããè Øããè¦ãã¹ãª¿ãñâ (Øããè¦ãñâ¦ããèË ÏËãñ‡ãŠ)
‚ãØãã£ãñâ ý ãä¶ãÀî¹ããè¶ã •ããè ãäÌãÎãªñâ ý —ãã¶ãªñÌããñ ½Ö¥ãñ ýý40ýý ¦ãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ããèâ ¹ãâ£ãÀãÌãã ý Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãñâ ¦ã¾ãã ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý ÎããÔ¨ããäÔ㣪ãâ¦ãì ‚ããÜãÌãã ý
„Øãããä¥ãËã ýý41ýý •ãñ ÌãðàãÀî¹ã‡ãŠ ¹ããäÀ¼ããÓãã ý ‡ãñŠËñâ „¹ãããä£ãÀî¹ã ‚ãÎãñÓãã ý Ôã̪õª¿ãñâ •ãõÔãñâ ªãñÓãã ý ‚ãâØãËãè¶ãã ýý42ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãԩãì •ããñ
‚ãàãÀì ý ªããäÌãËã ¹ãìÀìÓã¹ãƇãŠãÀì ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ „¹ããäÖ¦ããÖãè ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀì (Ô¹ãÓ› ‡ãñŠËñâ, ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀãÔã ‚ãã¥ãËñâ) ý Þãõ¦ã¶¾ã ‡ãñŠËã ýý43ýý ¹ããŸãèâ „§ã½ã ¹ãìÀìÓã ý
Î㺪ãÞãñâ ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã ãä½ãÓã ý ªããäÌãËñâ ÞããñŒã ý ‚ã㦽ã¦ã§Ìã ýý44ýý ‚ã㦽ããäÌãÓã¾ããèâ ‚ããâ¦ãìÌã› ý Ôãã£ã¶ã •ãñâ ‚ããâØ㪛 ý —ãã¶ã ÖñâÖãè Ô¹ãÓ› ý
ÞããÌãßËã ýý45ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ƒ¾ãñ ‚㣾ãã¾ããèâ ý ãä¶ãÀ㠶ãìÀñãäÞã ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ØãìÀìãäÎãÓ¾ããâ ªãñÖãèâ ý Ô¶ãñÖãñ ËãÖ¥ãã (¹ãÆ㹦㠢ããËã) ýý46ýý
†Ìãâ ƒ¾ãñãäÌãÓã¾ããèâ ‡ãŠãèÀ ý •ãã¥ã¦ãñ ºãì¢ããÌãËñ ‚ã¹ããÀ ý ¹ãÀãè ½ãì½ãìàãì ƒ¦ãÀ ý Ôãã‡ãŠãâàã •ããËñ ýý47ýý ¦¾ãã ½ã•ã ¹ãìÀìÓããñ§ã½ãã ý —ãã¶ãñâ ¼ãñ›ñ •ããñ

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 2

ÔãìÌã½ããà ý ¦ããñ ÔãÌã×ãì ¦ããñãäÞã Ôããè½ãã ý ¼ã§ãŠãèÞããèÖãè ýý48ýý †ñÔãñâ Öñâ ¨ãõËãñ‡ã¾ã¶ãã¾ã‡ãñ⊠ý ºããñãäËËñ⠂㣾ãã¾ããâ¦ã ÏËãñ‡ãñ⊠ý ¦ãñ©ãñâ —ãã¶ããäÞã
ºãÖì¦ãñ‡ãñ⊠ý Ìãããä¶ãËñâ ¦ããñÓãñâ ýý49ýý ¼ãÀîãä¶ã ¹ãƹãâÞããÞãã Üããñâ›ì ý ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ªñŒã¦ããâãäÞã ªñŒã¦ã¾ãã ªÆÓ›ì ý ‚ãã¶ãâªÔãã½ãÆ㕾ããèâ ¹ãã›ì (¹ã›á›ããä¼ãÓãñ‡ãŠ) ý
ºããâãä£ã•ãñ •ããèÌãã ýý50ýý ¾ãñÌã¤ñ¾ãã ËãŸñ¹ã¥ããÞãã „¹ããÌããñ ý ‚ãã¶ãì ¶ããÖãèâãäÞã ½Ö¥ãñ ªñÌããñ ý Öã Ôã½¾ã‡ãአ(Œãžãã, „§ã½ã) —ãã¶ããÞãã ÀãÌããñ ý
„¹ãã¾ããâ½ãã•ããèâ ýý51ýý †ñÔãñ ‚ã㦽ããä•ã—ããÔãì •ãñ Öãñ¦ãñ ý ãä¦ãÖãèâ ¦ããñÓãËñãä¶ã ãäÞã§ãñâ ý ‚ããªÀñâ ¦ã¾ãã —ãã¶ãã¦ãñâ ý ÌããñâÌãããäßËñâ •ããèÌãñâ ýý52ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ
‚ããÌã¡ãè •ãñ©ã ¹ã¡ñ ý ¦ã¾ããÞããè ‚ãÌãÔãÀãèâ ¹ãì¤ñâ ¹ãì¤ñâ ý ãäÀØããñâ ËãØãñ Öñâ Üã¡ñ ý ¹ãÆñ½ã †ñÔãñâ ýý53ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ãä•ã—ããÔãîâÞ¾ãã ¹ãõ‡ãŠãèâ ý —ãã¶ããè ¹ãƦããè¦ããè
Öãñ¾ã ¶ãã •ãâÌã ãä¶ã‡ãŠãè ý ¦ãâÌã ¾ããñØã àãñ½ãì (¹ãÆ㹦ããÞãñ ÔãâÀàã¥ã) —ãã¶ããäÌãŒããèâ ý Ô¹ãìŠÀñËãäÞã ‡ãŠãèâ ýý54ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¦ãñâãäÞã Ôã½¾ã‡ãአ—ãã¶ã ý ‡ãõŠÔãñãä¶ã
Öãñ¾ã ÔÌãã£ããè¶ã ý •ãããä˾ãã Ìãðã䣪¾ã¦¶ã ý Üã¡ñË ‡ãñŠÌããèâ ýý55ýý ‡ãŠãâ „¹ã•ããñâãäÞã •ãñâ ¶ã ËãÖñ ý •ãñâ „¹ã•ãËñÖãè ‚ãÌÖãâ›ã Ôãî¾ãñ ý ¦ãñâ —ãã¶ããèâ
ãäÌãÀ죪 (ãäÌãܶ㠇ãŠÀ¥ããÀñâ) ‡ãŠã¾ã ‚ããÖñ ý Öñâ •ãã¥ããÌãñâ ‡ãŠãèâ ýý56ýý ½ãØã •ãã¥ã¦ã¾ãã •ãñâ ãäÌãÀî ý ¦ã¾ããÞããè Ìãã› ÌããÖ¦ããè ‡ãŠÀîâ ý —ãã¶ãããä֦㠦ãñâãäÞã
ãäÌãÞããÀîâ ý ÔãÌãüããÌãñâ ýý57ýý †ñÔãã —ãã¶ããä•ã—ããÔãì ¦ãì½Öãèâ Ôã½ãÔ¦ããèâ ý ¼ããÌããñ •ããñ £ããäÀËã ‚ãÔãñ ãäÞã§ããèâ ý ¦ããñ ¹ãìÀÌããÌã¾ãã Ëà½ããè¹ã¦ããè ý
ºããñãäË•ãñË ýý58ýý —ãã¶ãããäÔã Ôãì•ã¶½ã •ããñ¡ñ ý ‚ãã¹ãìËãè ãäÌãÑããâãä¦ãÖãè ÌãÀãè Ìãã¤ñ ý ¦ãñ Ôãâ¹ã§ããèÞãñ ¹ãÌãã¡ñ ý ÔããâãäØã•ãñË ªõÌããè ýý59ýý ‚ãããä¥ã
—ãã¶ããÞãñãä¶ã ‡ãŠã½ãã‡ãŠãÀñâ ý •ãñ ÀãØã̪ñÓããâãäÔã ªñ ©ããÀñ (‚ããÔãÀã, ã䟇ãŠã¥ã) ý ãä¦ã¾ãñ ‚ããÔãìãäÀ¾ãñãäÖ ÜããñÀñ ý ‡ãŠÀãèË Àî¹ã ýý60ýý ÔãÖ•ã
ƒÓ›ããä¶ãÓ›‡ãŠÀ¥ããè ý ªãñÜããèãäÞã ƒ¾ãã ‡ãŠÌã¦ãìãä‡ãŠ¥ããè ý Öñ ¶ãÌã½ã㣾ãã¾ããè „¼ããÀ¥ããè ý ‡ãñŠËãè Öãñ¦ããè ýý61ýý ¦ãñ©ã Ôãㄽãã Üãñ¾ããÌã¾ãã „ÌããÌããñ ý
¦ãâÌã Ìããñ¡ÌãËã (¹ãÆ㹦㠢ããËã) ‚ãã¶ã ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌããñ ý ¦ãÀãè ¦ã¾ãã ¹ãÆÔãâØãñâ ‚ãã¦ããâ ªñÌããñ ý ãä¶ãÀî¹ããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý62ýý ¦ã¾ãã ãä¶ãÀî¹ã¥ããÞãñãä¶ã ¶ããâÌãñâ ý
‚㣾ãã¾ã ¹ãª ÔããñßãÌãñâ ý ËãÌã¥ããè ¹ããÖ¦ããâ •ãã¥ããÌãñâ ý ½ãããäØãËãÌãÀãè ýý63ýý ¹ãÀãè Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ ‚ãã¦ããâ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãì¦ããèâ ý —ãã¶ããÞ¾ãã ãäÖ¦ãããäÖ¦ããèâ ý
Ôã½ã©ããà Ôãâ¹ã§ããè ý ƒ¾ãããäÞã ªãñ¶Öãè ýý64ýý •ãñ ½ãì½ãìàãì½ããØããèÃÞããè ºããñßãÌããè ý •ãñ ½ããñÖÀã¨ããèÞããè £ã½ãÃãäªÌããè (£ã½ãÃÀî¹ããè ãäªÌã›ãè) ý ¦ãñ ‚ãã£ããèâ ¦ãâÌã
ªõÌããè ý Ôãâ¹ã§ããè †ñ‡ãŠã ýý65ýý •ãñ©ã †‡ãŠ †‡ãŠã¦ãñâ ¹ããñŒããè ý †ñÔãñ ºãÖì¦ã ¹ãªã©ãà ¾ãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý Ôãâ¹ããã䪕ã¦ããè ¦ãñ Ëãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý Ôãâ¹ã§ããè ½Öãä¥ã•ãñ ýý66ýý
¦ãñ ªõÌããè ÔãìŒãÔãâ¼ãÌããè ý ¦ãñ©ã ªõÌãØãì¥ãñâ ¾ãñ‡ãŠãñ¹ã•ããèÌããè (†‡ãŠÞã ‚ããÑã¾ã) ý •ããËãè ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ªõÌããè ý Ôãâ¹ããä§ã Öñ ýý67ýý
Ñããè¼ãØãÌãã¶ãìÌããÞã : ‚ã¼ã¾ãâ Ôã§ÌãÔãâÎãìã䣪—ããöã¾ããñØã̾ãÌããäÔ©ããä¦ã: ý ªã¶ãâ ª½ãÏÞã ¾ã—ãÏÞã ÔÌã㣾ãã¾ãÔ¦ã¹ã ‚ãã•ãÃÌã½ãá ýý1ýý
‚ãã¦ããâ ¦ã¾ãããäÞã ªõÌãØãì¥ããâ- ý ½ãã•ããèâ £ãìÀñÞãã (‚ãØãƼããØããèâÞãã) ºãõÔã¥ãã ý ºãõÔãñ ¦ã¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠ¥ããà ý ‚ã¼ã¾ã †ñÔãñâ ýý68ýý ¦ãÀãè ¶ã ÜãËîãä¶ã ½ãÖã¹ãìÀãèâ
ý ¶ã Üãñ¹ãñ ºãì¡¥ã¾ããÞããè ãäÎã¾ããÀãè ý ‡ãŠãâ ÀãñØãì ¶ã Øããä¥ã•ãñ ÜãÀãè ý ¹ã©¾ãããäÞã¾ãã ýý69ýý ¦ãõÔã㠇㊽ããÇ㊽ããÃãäÞã¾ãã ½ããñÖÀã ý „Ÿîâ ¶ãñªîãä¶ã
‚ãÖâ‡ãŠãÀã ý ÔãâÔããÀãÞãã ªÀãÀã ý Ôããâ¡¥ãñâ ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ýý70ýý ‚ã©ãÌãã †ñ‡ã¾ã¼ããÌããÞãñãä¶ã ¹ãõÔãñâ ý ªì•ãñ ½ãã¶ãîãä¶ã ‚ã㦽ãã (ÔãÌãà •ãØã ‚ã㦽ãÔÌãÀî¹ã ‚ããÖñ ‚ãÔãñâ

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 3

½ãã¶ãî¶ã) †ñÔãñâ ý ¼ã¾ãÌãã¦ããà ªñÎãñâ ý ªÌã¡¥ãñâ •ãñâ ýý71ýý ¹ãã¥ããè ºãì¡…â ¾ãñ ãä½ãŸã¦ãñâ ý ¦ãâÌã ½ããèŸãäÞã ¹ãã¥ããè ‚ãã¦ãñâ ý ¦ãñÌããèâ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã •ããËñãä¶ã ‚ã̪õ¦ãñâ
ý ¶ããÎãñ ¼ã¾ã ýý72ýý ‚ãØãã ‚ã¼ã¾ã ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ¶ããâÌãñâ ý ºããñãäË•ãñ ¦ãñâ Öñâ •ãã¥ããÌãñâ ý Ôã½¾ã‡ãኗãã¶ããÞãñâ ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý £ããâÌã¥ãñâ Öñâ ýý73ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ
Ôã§ÌãÎã죪ãè (Îã죪 ºãìã䣪) •ãñ ½Öãä¥ã•ãñ ý ¦ãñ †ñÎãã ãäÞã¶Öãèâ •ãããä¥ã•ãñ ý ¦ãÀãè •ãßñ ¶ãã ãäÌã¢ãñ ý ÀãŒããñâ¡ãè •ãõÔããè ýý74ýý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ãããä¡Ìãã Ìãã¤ãè ¶ã
½ãØãñ ý ‚ãâÌãÔãñ ¦ãì›ãè Ôããâ¡îãä¶ã ½ããØãñ ý ½ãã•ããèâ ‚ããä¦ãÔãîà½ã ‚ãâØãñâ ý ÞãâªÆì •ãõÔãã ÀãÖñ ýý75ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ÌãããäÓãþãã ¶ããÖãèâ ½ããâãä¡Ëãè ý ØãÆãèÓ½ãñâ ¶ããÖãèâ
Ôããâãä¡Ëãè ý ½ãã•ããèâ ãä¶ã•ãÀî¹ãñâ ãä¶ãÌã¡Ëãè ý ØãâØãã •ãõÔããè ýý76ýý ¦ãõÔããè Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããäÌã‡ãŠÊ¹ããÞããè Ìããñ¤ãè ý Ôããâ¡îãä¶ã À•ã¦ã½ããÞããè ‡ãŠãÌã¡ãè ý ¼ããñãäØã¦ããâ
ãä¶ã•ã£ã½ããÃÞããè (ÔÌãÔÌãÀî¹ã £ããÀ¥ãñÞããè) ‚ããÌã¡ãè ý ºãìã䣪 „Àñ ýý77ýý ƒâãäªÆ¾ãÌãØããèà ªãŒããäÌããä˾ãã ý ãäÌãÀ£ªã ‚ã©ãÌãã ¼ãËãè¾ãã ý ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ããñ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ
‡ãñŠãä˾ãã ý ¶ãìŸãè ãäÞã§ããèâ ýý78ýý ØããâÌãã Øãñãä˾ãã ÌãÊ˼ãì ý ¹ããä¦ãÌãƦãñÞãã ãäÌãÀÖàããñ¼ãì ý ¼ã˦ãñÔã¥ããè Öããä¶ãËã¼ãì ý ¶ã ½ã¶ããèâ •ãñÌããèâ ýý79ýý
¦ãñÌããèâ Ôã¦ÔÌãÀî¹ã ÀÞãËñ¹ã¥ãñâ ý ºã죪ãè •ãñâ †ñÔãñâ ‚ã¶ã¶¾ã Öãñ¥ãñâ ý ¦ãñ Ôã§ÌãÎã죪ãè ½Ö¥ãñ ý ‡ãñŠãäÎãÖâ¦ãã (‡ãñŠÎããè ªõ¦¾ããÔã ½ããÀ¥ããÀã Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ã) ýý80ýý
‚ãã¦ããâ ‚ã㦽ãËã¼ãããäÌãŒããèâ ý —ãã¶ã¾ããñØãã½ãã•ããèâ †‡ãŠãèâ ý •ãñ ‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ãã Ÿã‡ãŠãè ý ÖãâÌãñâ ¼ãÀñ ýý81ýý ¦ãñ©ã ÔãØããäß¾ãñ ãäÞã§ãÌãð§ããè ý ¦¾ããØãì
‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ ¾ãã Àãè¦ããè ý ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠã½ãñâ ¹ãî¥ããÃÖì¦ããè ý Öì¦ããÎããèâ •ãõÔããè ýý82ýý ‡ãŠãâ Ôãì‡ãìŠßãè¶ãñâ ‚ãã¹ãìËãè ý ‚ã㦽ã•ãã ‡ãìŠßãèâãäÞã ã䪣ãËãè ý Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ
Ëà½ããè ãäÔ©ãÀãÌãËãè ý ½ãì‡ãì⊪ãè •ãõÔããè ýý83ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ãä¶ããäÌãÇãŠÊ¹ã¹ã¥ãñâ ý •ãñâ ¾ããñØã—ãã¶ããèâÞã ¾ãã Ìãðãä§ã‡ãŠ Öãñ¥ãñâ ý ¦ããñ ãä¦ã•ãã (ãä¦ãÔãÀã —ãã¶ã¾ããñØã)
Øãì¥ã ½Ö¥ãñ ý ‡ãðŠÓ¥ã¶ãã©ãì ýý84ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ªñÖÌããÞãããäÞã§ãñâ ý ¾ã©ããÔãâ¹ã¶¶ãñ ãäÌã§ãñâ ý ÌãõÀãè •ãããä˾ããÖãè ‚ãã¦ããæãñâ ý ¶ã ÌãâÞã¥ãñâ •ãñâ ‡ãŠãâ ýý85ýý
¹ã¨ã ¹ãìӹ㠜ã¾ãã ý ¹ãŠß ½ãîß £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ãã ý Ìãã›ñÞãã ¶ã Þãì‡ãñŠ ‚ãããä˾ãã ý Ìãðàãì •ãõÔãã ýý86ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ½ã¶ããõãä¶ã £ã¶ã£ã㶾ãÌãÀãè ý ãäÌ㪿ã½ãã¶ãñâ
(¹ãÆÔ¦ãì¦ã) ‚ããʾãã ‚ãÌãÔãÀãèâ ý Ñããâ¦ãããäÞã¾ãñ ½ã¶ããñÖãÀãèâ ý „¹ã¾ããñØãã •ãã¥ãñâ ýý87ýý ¦ã¾ãã ¶ããâÌã •ãã¥ã ªã¶ã ý •ãñâ ½ããñàããä¶ã£ãã¶ããÞãñâ ‚ãâ•ã¶ã ý Öñâ
‚ãÔããñ ‚ãデ㊠ãäÞã¶Ö ý ª½ããÞãñâ ¦ãñâ ýý88ýý ¦ãÀãè ãäÌãÓã¾ãñâãäªÆ¾ãã ãä½ãߥããè ý ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã Üãã¹ãñ ãäÌã¦ã웥ããè ý •ãõÔãñâ ¦ããñãä¡•ãñ Œã¡áØã¹ãã¥ããè ý ¹ããÀ‡ãñŠ¾ãã
(Îã¨ãîËã, ãä¶ãÌãßãèÞ¾ãã ãäºã¾ããâ¶ããè) ýý89ýý ¦ãõÔãã ãäÌãÓã¾ã•ãã¦ããâÞãã ÌããÀã ý Ìãã•ããñâ ¶ãñã䪕ãñ ƒâãäªÆ¾ã̪ãÀãâ ý ƒ¾ãñâ ºããâ£ããñãä¶ã ¹ãƦ¾ããÖãÀã ý Öã¦ããèâ Ìããñ¹ããè
ýý90ýý ‚ããâ¦ãìËã ãäÞã§ããÞãñâ ‚ãâØãÌãÀãè ý ¹ãÆÌãðãä§ã ¹ãßñ ¹ãÀ ºããÖñÀãè ý ‚ããØããè Ôãìãä¾ã•ãñ ªãÖãèâÖãè ̪ãÀãèâ ý ÌãõÀãؾããÞããè ýý91ýý
ÏÌããÔããñÏÌããÔããÖì¶ããè ºãÖìÌãÔãñâ ý ÌãƦãñâ ‚ããÞãÀñ ŒãÀ¹ãìÔãñâ ý ÌããñÔãâãä¦ã¦ãã (‚ããÞããäÀ¦ããâ) Àããä¨ããäªÌãÔãñâ ý ¶ããÀã¥ãì‡ãŠ •ã¾ãã ýý92ýý ¹ãõâ ª½ãì †ñÔãã
½Öãä¥ã¹ãñ ý ¦ããñ Öã •ãã¥ã ÔÌãÀî¹ãñâ ý ¾ããØãã©ãìÃãäÖ Ôãâàãñ¹ãñâ ý ÔããâØããñ †ñ‡ãŠ ýý93ýý ¦ãÀãè ºãÆã½Ö¥ã ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã £ãìÀñ ý ãäÔ¨ã¾ããã䪇㊠¹ãõË ½ãñÀñ ý ½ãã¢ããÀãèâ
‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀñâ ý ‚ãã¹ãìËãËñ¶ããè ýý94ýý •ã¾ãã •ãñ ÔãÌããñ§ã½ã ý ¼ã•ã¶ããè¾ã ªñÌã¦ãã£ã½ãà ý ¦ãñ ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ¾ã©ããØã½ã (¾ã©ããÎããÔ¨ã) ý ãäÌã£ããè ¾ããä•ã•ãñ ýý95ýý
•ãõÔãã ãä̪•ã Óã›á‡ãŠ½ãñà ‡ãŠÀãè ý ÎãîªÆ ¦ã¾ãã¦ãñâ ¶ã½ãÔ‡ãŠãÀãè ý ‡ãŠãèâ ªãñÖãèâÔãÖãè ÔãÀãñ¼ãÀãè ý ãä¶ã¹ã•ãñ ¾ããØãì ýý96ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀ¹ã¾ããÃËãñÞãñâ ý
Öñâ ¾ã—ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ ÔãÌãâãÃÞãñâ ý ¹ãÀãè ãäÌãÓã¾ã ¹ãŠßãÎãñÞãñâ ý ¶ã Üãã¹ãñ ½ãã•ããèâ ýý97ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ½ããè ‡ãŠ¦ããà †ñÔãã ¼ããÌããñ ý ¶ãñã䪕ãñ ªñÖãÞãñãä¶ã ̪ãÀñâ •ããÌããñâ

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 4

ý ¶ãã Ìãñªã—ãñÔããè ¦ãÀãè ŸãÌããñ ý Öãñƒ•ãñ ÔÌã¾ãñâ ýý98ýý ‚ã•ãìöãã †Ìãâ ¾ã—ãì ý ÔãÌãè㠕ãã¥ã Ôãã—ãì (ÔãÎããÔ¨ã) ý ‡ãõŠÌãʾã½ããØããèÃÞãã ‚ããä¼ã—ãì ý
ÔããâØãã¦ããè Öã ýý99ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ Þãñâ¡ìÌãñâ ¼ãî½ããè Öããä¥ã•ãñ ý ¶ãÌÖñ ¦ããñ Öã¦ãã ‚ãããä¥ã•ãñ ý ‡ãŠãèâ Îãñ¦ããèâ ºããèâ ãäÌãŒãìÀ•ãñ ý ¹ãÀãè ãä¹ã‡ãŠãèâ Ëàã ýý100ýý
¶ãã¦ãÀãè ŸñãäÌãËñâ ªñŒããÌã¾ãã ý ‚ããªÀ ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ãäªãäÌã¾ãã ý ‡ãŠãâ ÎããŒãã ¹ãŠßñâ ¾ããÌã¾ãã ý ãäÔãâãä¹ã•ãñ ½ãîß ýý1ýý Öñâ ºãÖì ‚ãÔããñ ‚ãããäÀÔãã ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ
ªñŒããÌã¾ãã •ãõÔãã ý ¹ã줦ã¹ã줦ããè ºãÖìÌãÔãã ý „ã䛕ãñ ¹ãÆãè¦ããè ýý2ýý ¦ãõÔãã Ìãñª¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪿ãì •ããñ ƒÃÏÌãÀì ý ¦ããñ Öãñ‚ããÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ØããñÞãÀ ý Ñãì¦ããèÞãã
ãä¶ãÀâ¦ãÀ ý ‚ã¼¾ããÔãì ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ ýý3ýý ¦ãñâãäÞã ãä̪•ããâÔããèÞã ºãƽÖÔãî¨ã ý ¾ãñÀã Ô¦ããñ¨ã ‡ãŠãâ ¶ãã½ã½ãâ¨ã ý ‚ããÌã¦ãÃÌã¥ãñâ (ÌãÀÞãñÌãÀ ½Ö¥ã¥ãñâ)¹ããäÌã¨ã ý
¹ããÌããÌã¾ãã ¦ã§Ìã ýý4ýý ¹ãã©ããà Øãã ÔÌã㣾ããÌããñ ý ºããñãäË•ãñ ¦ããñ Öã ½Ö¥ãñ ªñÌããñ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¦ã¹ã Î㺪ããä¼ã¹ãÆãÌããñ ý ‚ããƒÃ‡ãŠ ÔããâØããñâ ýý5ýý ¦ãÀãè ªã¶ãñâ
ÔãÌãÃÔÌã ªñ¥ãñâ ý ÌãñâÞã¥ãñâ ¦ãñâ ̾ã©ãà ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ ý •ãõÔãñâ ¹ãŠßãñãä¶ã ÔÌã¾ãñâ Ôãì‡ãŠ¥ãñâ ý ƒâªÆãÌã¥ããè (‡ãŠ¡î ÌãðâªãÌã¶ã) •ãñÌããèâ ýý6ýý ¶ãã¶ãã £ãî¹ããÞãã ‚ããäضã¹ãÆÌãñÎãì
ý ‡ãŠ¶ã‡ãŠãèâ ¦ãì‡ãŠãÞãã ¶ããÎãì ý ãä¹ã¦ãð¹ãàãì ¹ããñãäÓã¦ãã ÖãÀãÔãì ý ÞãâªÆãÞãã •ãõÔãã ýý7ýý ¦ãõÔãã ÔÌãÀî¹ãããäÞã¾ãã ¹ãÆÔãÀã- ý ËãØããèâ ¹ãÆã¥ãñâãäªÆ¾ãÎãÀãèÀãâ ý
‚ã㛥ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ ÌããèÀã ý ¦ãñâãäÞã ¦ã¹ã ýý8ýý ‚ã©ãÌãã ‚ã¶ãããäÀÔãñâ ý ¦ã¹ããÞãñâ Àî¹ã •ãÀãè ‚ãÔãñ ý ¦ãÀãè •ãã¥ã •ãñÌããèâ ªì£ããèâ ÖâÔãñâ ý ÔãîªËãè ÞããâÞãî
ýý9ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ªñÖ•ããèÌãããäÞã¾ãñ ãä½ãߥããèâ ý •ããñ „ª¾ã•ã¦ã Ôãî¾ãñ (Öã¦ã Üãã˦ããñ) ¹ãã¥ããè ý ¦ããñ ãäÌãÌãñ‡ãŠ ‚ãâ¦ã:‡ãŠÀ¥ããèâ ý •ããØãÌããè•ãñ ýý110ýý ¹ããÖ¦ããâ
‚ã㦽ã¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ý ºã죪ãèÞãã ¹ãõÔãì Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ñ ý Ôããä¶ãªÆ ÔÌ㹶㠺ãì¡ñ ý •ããØã¥ããèâ •ãõÔãñâ ýý11ýý ¦ãõÔãã ‚ã㦽ã¹ã¾ããÃËãñÞãì ý ¹ãÆÌã¦ãñà •ããñ ÔããÞãì ý ¦ã¹ããÞãã
Öã ãä¶ãÌãñÃÞãì ý £ã¶ãì£ãÃÀã ýý12ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ºããßãÞ¾ãã ãäÖ¦ããèâ Ԧ㶾ã ý •ãõÔãñâ ¶ãã¶ãã¼ãî¦ããèâ Þãõ¦ã¶¾ã ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¹ãÆããä¥ã½ãã¨ããèâ Ôããõ•ã¶¾ã ý ‚ãã•ãÃÌã
(ÔãÀß¹ã¥ãã) ¦ãñâ ýý13ýý
‚ããäÖâÔãã Ô㦾ã½ã‡ãÆŠãñ£ãÔ¦¾ããØã: Îããã䶦ãÀ¹ãõÎãì¶ã½ãá ý ª¾ãã ¼ãî¦ãñÓÌãËãñË칦Ìãâ ½ããªÃÌãâ ÅÖãèÀÞãã¹ã˽ãá ýý2ýý
‚ãããä¥ã •ãØãããäÞã¾ãã ÔãìŒããñªáªñÎãñâ ý ÎãÀãèÀÌããÞãã ½ãã¶ãÔãñâ ý ÀãÖ㛥ãñâ ¦ãñâ ‚ããäÖâÔãñ ý Àî¹ã •ãã¥ã ýý14ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¦ããèŒã Öãñ…ãä¶ã ½ãÌããß (½ãðªì) ý
•ãõÔãñâ •ãã¦ããèÞãñâ ½ãì‡ãìŠß ý ‡ãŠãâ ¦ãñ•ã ¹ãÀãè Îããè¦ãß ý ÎãÎããâ‡ãŠãÞãñâ ýý15ýý Îã‡ãñŠ ªããäÌã¦ããâãäÞã ÀãñØãì ¹ãñŠ¡ìâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ãä•ã¼ãñ ¦ãÀãè ¶ãÌÖñ ‡ãŠ¡ì ý ¦ãñâ
ÌããñŒãªì ¶ããÖãèâ ½ãã Üã¡ì ý „¹ã½ãã ‡ãõâŠÞããè ýý16ýý ¦ãÀãè ½ã…¹ã¥ãñâ ºãìºãìßñâ ý ¢ãØ㡦ããâÖãè ¹ãÀãè ¶ãã¡ßñ (Œãì¹ã¦ã ¶ããÖãèâ) ý †ÅÖÌããèâ ¹ãŠãñ¡ãè ‡ãŠãñâÀãßñâ ý
¹ãã¥ããè •ãõÔãñâ ýý17ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¦ããñ¡ãÌã¾ãã ÔãâªñÖ ý ¦ããèŒã •ãõÔãñâ ‡ãŠãâ ËãñÖ ý Ñãã̾ã¦Ìãñâ (†ñ‡ãŠËñâ ‚ãÔã¦ããâ) ¦ãÀãè ½ãã£ãì¾ãà ý ¹ãã¾ããèâ ÜããËãèâ ýý18ýý †ñ‡ãŠãñâ
Ÿã¦ããâ ‡ãŠãõ¦ãì‡ãñ⊠ý ‡ãŠã¶ãã¦ãñâ ãä¶ãÜã¦ããè ½ãìŒãñâ ý •ãñâ ÔããÞãããäÀÌãñÞãñãä¶ã ãäºã‡ãñ⊠ý ºãƽÖÖãè ¼ãñªãè ýý19ýý ãä‡ã⊺ãÖì¶ãã ãä¹ãƾã¹ã¥ãñâ ý ‡ãŠãñ¥ãã¦ãñâÖãè ¢ã‡ãŠ…â
¶ãñ¥ãñâ ý ¾ã©ãã©ãà ¦ãÀãè Œãì¹ã¥ãñâ ý ¶ããÖãèâ ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã ýý120ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ØããñÀãè ‡ãŠãèÀ ‡ãŠã¶ãã Øããñ¡ ý ¹ãÀãè ÔããÞããÞãã ¹ããŒããßãèâ ‡ãŠãè¡ ý ‚ãããäØãÞãñâ
‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ „Üã¡ ý ¹ãÀãè •ãßãñ ¦ãñâ ÔããÞã (ŒãÀñ¹ã¥ãã) ýý21ýý ‡ãŠã¶ããèâ ËãØã¦ããâ ½ãÖîÀ ý ‚ã©ãñà ãäÌã¼ããâ¡ãè ãä•ãÌÖãÀ (‡ãŠãßãè•ã) ý ¦ãñ ÌããÞãã ¶ãÌÖñ ÔãìâªÀ ý

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 5

ËãâÌããäÞã ¹ããâ ýý22ýý ¹ãÀãè ‚ããäÖ¦ããèâ ‡ãŠãñ¹ããñãä¶ã Ôããñ¹ã ý Ëã˶ããèâ ½ã… •ãõÔãñâ ¹ãìÓ¹ã ý ãä¦ã¾ãñ ½ãã¦ãñÞãñâ ÔÌãÀî¹ã ý •ãõÔãñâ ‡ãŠãâ Öãñ¾ã ýý23ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ
ÑãÌã¥ãÔãìŒãÞã¦ãìÀ ý ¹ããäÀ¥ã½ããñãä¶ã ÔããÞããÀ ý ºããñË¥ãñâ •ãñâ ‚ããäÌã‡ãŠãÀ ý ¦ãñâ Ô㦾㠾ãñ©ãñâ ýý24ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ Üãããä˦ããâãäÖ ¹ãã¥ããè ý ¹ããÓãã¥ããèâ ¶ã ãä¶ãÜãñ
‚ãã¥ããè ý ‡ãŠãâ ½ããä©ããä˾ãã Ëãñ¥ããè ý ‡ãŠãâ•ããè (¦ãã‡ãŠãÞããè ãä¶ãÌãß) ¶ãñªãè ýý25ýý ¦ÌãÞãã ¹ãã¾ãñâ ãäÎãÀãèâ ý ÖãËñ¾ããÖãè ¹ãŠ¡ñ ¶ã ‡ãŠÀãè ý ÌãÔãâ¦ããèâÖãè ‚ãâºãÀãèâ
ý ¶ã Öãñ¦ããè ¹ãìŠËñâ ýý26ýý ¶ãã¶ãã Àâ¼ãñÞãñãä¶ãÖãè Àî¹ãñâ ý Îãì‡ãŠãèâ ¶ãìã䟕ãñãäÞã ‡ã⊪¹ãñà ý ‡ãŠãâ ¼ãÔ½ããèâ Ìããä¶Ö ¶ã „ªáªãè¹ãñ ý Üãð¦ãñâÖãè •ãñÌããèâ ýý27ýý
¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã ‡ã슽ããÀì ‡ãÆŠãñ£ãñâ ¼ãÀñ ý ¦ãõãäÔã¾ãã ½ãâ¨ããÞããèâ ºããè•ããàãÀñâ ý ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ãä¶ããä½ã§ãñâÖãè ‚ã¹ããÀñâ ý ½ããè¶ããä˾ãã ýý28ýý ¹ãõâ £ãã¦ã¾ããÖãè (ºãƽ֪ñÌããÞ¾ãã)
¹ãã¾ãã⠹㡦ããâ ý ¶ãìŸãè Øã¦ãã¾ãì ¹ãâ¡ìÔãì¦ãã ý ¦ãõÔããè ¶ãì¹ã•ãñ „¹ã•ããäÌã¦ããâ ý ‡ãÆŠãñ£ããñ½ããèà Øãã ýý29ýý ‚ã‡ãÆŠãñ£ã¦Ìã †ñÔãñâ ý ¶ããâÌã ¦ãñâ ¾ãñ ªÎãñ ý •ãã¥ã †ñÔãñâ
ý Ñããèãä¶ãÌããÔãñâ ý ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ¦ã¾ãã ýý130ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ½ãðãä§ã‡ãŠã¦¾ããØãñâ Üã›ì ý ¦ãâ¦ã즾ããØãñâ ¹ã›ì ý ¦¾ããä•ã•ãñ •ãñÌããèâ Ìã›ì (Ìã¡ãÞãñâ ¢ãã¡) ý ºããè•ã¦¾ããØãñâ
ýý31ýý ‡ãŠãâ ¦¾ã•ãîãä¶ã ãä¼ãâãä¦ã½ãã¨ã ý ¦¾ããä•ã•ãñ ‚ããÜãÌãñâãäÞã ãäÞã¨ã ý ‡ãŠãâ ãä¶ãªÆ㦾ããØãñâ ãäÌããäÞã¨ã ý ÔÌ㹶ã•ããß ýý32ýý ¶ãã¶ãã •ãߦ¾ããØãñâ ¦ãÀâØã
ý ÌãÓããæ¾ããØãñâ ½ãñÜã ý ¦¾ããä•ã•ã¦ããè •ãõÔãñ ¼ããñØã ý £ã¶ã¦¾ããØãñâ ýý33ýý ¦ãñÌããèâ ºãìã䣪½ãâ¦ããèâ ªñÖãèâ ý ‚ãÖâ¦ãã Ôããâ¡îãä¶ã ¹ããÖãè ý Ôããâãä¡•ãñ ‚ãÎãñÓãÖãè ý
ÔãâÔããÀ•ãã¦ã ýý34ýý ¦ã¾ãã ¶ããâÌã ¦¾ããØãì ý ½Ö¥ãñ ¦ããñ ¾ã—ããâØãì ý Öñâ ½ãã¶ãîãä¶ã Ôãì¼ãØãì (¼ããؾãÌãã¶ã) ý ¹ãã©ãìà ¹ãìÔãñ ýý35ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ Îããâ¦ããèÞãñâ ãäËâØã ý
¦ãñâ ̾ã§ãŠ ½ã•ã ÔããâØã ý ªñÌããñ ½Ö¥ã¦ããè ÞããâØã ý ‚ãÌã£ãã¶ã ªñƒÃ ýý36ýý ¦ãÀãè ãäØãßãñãä¶ã —ãñ¾ãã¦ãñâ ý —ãã¦ãã —ãã¶ãÖãè ½ããÜããõ¦ãñâ ý ÖãÀ¹ãñ ãä¶ãÀì¦ãñâ ý
¦ãñ Îããâãä¦ã ¹ãõâ Øãã ýý37ýý •ãõÔãã ¹ãÆß¾ããâºãîÞãã „¼ã¡ì („½ããßã, ¹ãîÀ) ý ºãì¡Ìãîãä¶ã ãäÌãÏÌããÞãã ¹ãÌãã¡ì ý Öãñ¾ã ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ãä¶ããäºã¡ì ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ãÞããè ýý38ýý
½ãØã „Øã½ã ‚ããñÜã ãäÔãâ£ãì ý Öã ¶ãìÀñãäÞã ̾ãÌãÖãÀ ¼ãñªì ý ¹ãÀãè •ãËõ‡ã¾ããÞãã ºããñ£ãì ý ¦ããñÖãè ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã?ýý39ýý ¦ãõÔããè —ãñ¾ãã ªñ¦ããâ ãä½ãŸãè ý
—ãã¦ãð¦ÌãÖãè ¹ã¡ñ ¹ããñ›ãèâ ý ½ãØã „Àñ ¦ãñâãäÞã ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý Îããâ¦ããèÞãñâ Àî¹ã ýý140ýý ‚ãã¦ãã⠇㊪©ãÃÌããè¦ã ̾ãã£ããè ý ºãßãè‡ãŠÀ¥ãããäÞã¾ãã ‚ãã£ããèâ (ÀãñؾããËã
ºãÀñ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÞããè „¦‡ãŠ› (ãäÞãâ¦ãã) ‚ãÔãʾãã½ãìßñâ) ý ‚ãã¹ã¹ãÀì ¶ã Îããñ£ããè ý ÔãªáÌãõª¿ãì •ãõÔãã ýý41ýý ‡ãŠãâ ãäÞãŒãËãèâ Àì¦ãËãè Øãã¾ãñ ý £ã¡ ¼ãã‡ãŠ¡ ¶ã ¹ããÖñ ý
•ããñ ãä¦ã¾ãñãäÞã¾ãã ØËã¶ããè (ªì:Œãã¶ãñâ) Öãñ¾ãñ ý ‡ãŠãËã¼ãìËã ýý42ýý ¶ãã¶ãã ºã졦ã¾ãã¦ãñâ Ôã‡ãŠÀì¥ãì ý ¶ã ¹ãìÔãñ ‚ã⦾ã•ãì ‡ãŠãâ ºãÆã½Ö¥ãì ý ‡ãŠã¤îãä¶ã
ÀãŒãñ ¹ãÆã¥ãì ý ÖñâãäÞã •ãã¥ãñ ýý43ýý ‡ãŠãèâ ½ãã¾ã Ìã¶ããèâ ¹ãããä¹ã¾ãñâ ý „Üã¡ãè ‡ãñŠËãè ãäÌã¹ãã¾ãñâ ý ¦ãñ ¶ãñÔããäÌãʾããÌããè¥ã ¶ã ¹ããÖñ ý ãäÎãÓ›ì •ãõÔãã ýý44ýý
¦ãõÔãñ ‚ã—ãã¶ã¹ãƽããªãã䪇ãŠãèâ ý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ãÆã§ãŠ¶ãÖãè¶ã ÔãªãñŒããè ý ãä¶ã⪦ÌããÞ¾ãã ÔãÌãÃãäÌãŒããèâ ý ãäŒããäßËñ •ãñ ýý45ýý ¦ã¾ãã ‚ããâØããè‡ãŠ ‚ãã¹ãìËñâ ý
ªñ…ãä¶ã¾ããâ ¼ãËñâ ý ãäÌãÔãÀãäÌã•ã¦ããè ÔãËñâ ý Ôã˦ããèâ (Ôã˦ãã¦ã, Œãì¹ã¦ãã¦ã) ãä¦ã¾ãñâýý46ýý ‚ãØãã ¹ãìãä¤ËãÞãã ªãñŒãì ý ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã ‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ãñ ã䪟ãè
ÞããñŒãì ý ½ãØã Üãã¹ãñ ‚ãÌãËãñ‡ãìŠ ý ¦ã¾ããÌãÀãè ýý47ýý •ãõÔãã ¹ãì•ãîãä¶ã ªñÌããñ ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ ý ¹ãñÀîãä¶ã Îãñ¦ãã •ãフãñ ý ¦ããñÓããõãä¶ã ¹ãÆÔããªì Üãñƒ•ãñ ý
‚ããä¦ã©ããèÞãã ýý48ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ãã¹ãìËñãä¶ã Øãì¥ãñâ ý ¹ãìãä¤ËãÞãñâ „¥ãñâ ý ¹ãñŠ¡îãä¶ã¾ããâ ¹ããÖ¥ãñâ ý ¦ã¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ýý49ýý ÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ¶ã ãäÌãâãä£ã•ãñ Ìã½ããèà ý
¶ãã¦ãì¡ãäÌã•ãñ (ªìŒãÌãîâ ¶ã¾ãñ) ‚ã‡ãŠ½ããèà ý ¶ã ºããñËãäÌã•ãñ ¶ãã½ããèâ ý ÔãªãñÓããèâ ãä¦ãÖãèâ ýý150ýý ÌãÀãè ‡ãŠãñ¥ãñ †‡ãñŠ „¹ãã¾ãñâ ý ¹ããä¡Ëñâ ¦ãñâ „¼ãñâ Öãñ¾ãñ ý ¦ãñÞã

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 6

‡ãŠãè•ãñ ¹ãÀãè Üãã¾ãñ ý ¶ãñªãÌãñ Ìã½ããèà ýý51ýý ¹ãõâ „§ã½ãããäÞã¾ããÔããŸãèâ ý ¶ããèÞã ½ãããä¶ã•ãñ ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý Öñâ ÌããâÞããñãä¶ã ã䪟ãè ý ªãñÓãì ¶ã Üãñ¹ãñ ýý52ýý
‚ãØãã ‚ã¹ãõÎãããÞãñâ („¥ãñ⠶㠹ãÖ㥾ããÞãñâ) Ëàã¥ã ý ‚ã•ãìöãã Öñâ ¹ã슡ñâ •ãã¥ã ý ½ããñàã½ããØããèÃÞãñâ ÔãìŒããÔã¶ã ý ½ã쌾ã Öñâ Øãã ýý53ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ª¾ãã ¦ãñ
†ñÔããè ý ¹ãî¥ãÃÞãâãäªÆ‡ãŠã •ãõÔããè ý ãä¶ãÌããäÌã¦ãã⠶㠇㊡Ôããè ý Ôãã¶ãñâ ©ããñÀ ýý54ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ªì:ãäŒã¦ããÞãñâ ãäÎã¥ã¥ãñâ ý ãäÖÀ¦ããâ Ôã‡ãŠ¥ãÌã¹ã¥ãñâ ý „§ã½ãã£ã½ã
¶ãñ¥ãñâ ý ãäÌãÌãâÞãîâ Øãã ýý55ýý ¹ãõâ •ãØããèâ •ããèÌã¶ããÔãããäÀŒãñâ ý ÌãÔ¦ãì ‚ãâØãÌãÀãè „¹ãŒãñâ (¶ããÎã ¹ããÌã¦ãñ) ý ¹ãÀãè •ãã¦ãñâ •ããèãäÌã¦ã ÀãŒãñ ý ¦ãð¥ããÞãñâÖãè
ýý56ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¹ãìãä¤ËãÞãñãä¶ã ¦ãã¹ãñâ ý ‡ãŠßÌãßãä˾ãñ ‡ãðŠ¹ãñâ ý ÔãÌãÃÔÌãñâÔããèâ ã䪣ãËñâãäÖ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ý ©ããñ¡ñâãäÞã Øã½ãñ ýý57ýý ãä¶ã½¶ã ¼ãÀãä˾ãããäÌã¥ãñâ
ý ¹ãã¥ããè ¤ßãñâãäÞã ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ý ¦ãñÌããèâ Ñããâ¦ã ¦ããñÓããõãä¶ã •ãã¥ãñâ ý Ôãã½ããñÀñâ ¹ããâ ýý58ýý ¹ãõâ ¹ãã¾ããèâ ‡ãŠãâ›ã ¶ãñÖ›ñ ý ¦ãâÌã ̾ã©ãã •ããèÌããèâ „½ã›ñ ý ¦ãõÔãã ¹ããñßñ
Ôãâ‡ãŠ›ñâ ý ¹ãìãä¤ËãâÞãñ¶ããè ýý59ýý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ããÌããñ Îããè¦ãߦãã ËãÖñ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¦ãñ ¡ãñß¿ãããäÞãËãØããèâ Öãñ¾ãñ ý ¦ãõÔãã ¹ãÀÔãìŒãñâ •ãã¾ãñ ý ÔãìŒããÌã¦ãì ýý160ýý
ãä‡ã⊺ãÖì¶ãã ¦ãðãäÓã¦ããËãØããèâ ý ¹ãã¥ããè ‚ããÀããä¾ãËñâ („¦¹ã¶¶ã ‡ãñŠËñâ, ãä¶ã½ããå㠇ãñŠËñâ) ‚ãÔãñ •ãØããèâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ªì:ãäŒã¦ããâÞãñâ Ôãñ˼ããØããèâ (ºãžããÔããŸãèâ, „§ã½ã ¼ããØããèâ) ý
ãä•ã¥ãñâ •ã¾ããÞãñâ ýý61ýý ¦ããñ ¹ãìÀìÓã ÌããèÀÀã¾ãã ý ½ãîãä¦ãýãâ¦ã •ãã¥ã ª¾ãã ý ½ããè „ª¾ã•ã¦ããâãäÞã ¦ã¾ãã ý ¨ãÉãä¥ã¾ãã Ëã¼ãñâ ýý62ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ Ôãî¾ããÃãäÔã
•ããèÌãñâ ý ‚ã¶ãìÔãÀãä˾ãã Àã•ããèÌãñâ ý ¹ãÀãè ¦ãñâ ¦ããñâ ¶ã ãäÎãÌãñ ý ÔããõÀ¼¾ã •ãõÔãñâ ýý63ýý ‡ãŠãâ ÌãÔãâ¦ãããäÞã¾ãã ÌããÖã¥ããèâ ý ‚ãããä˾ãã Ìã¶ãÑããèÞ¾ãã
‚ãàããõãäÖ¥ããè ý ¦ãñ ¶ã ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãìãäÞã Üãñ¥ããè ý ãä¶ãØããËã (Þãã˦ãã Öãñ¦ããñ) ¦ããñ ýý64ýý Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ ½ãÖããäÔ㣪ãèÔããè ý Ëà½ããèÖãè ‚ãããä˾ãã ¹ããÎããèâ ý ¹ãÀãè
½ãÖããäÌãÓ¥ãì •ãõÔããè ý ¶ã Øã¥ããèÞã ¦ãñ ýý65ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ †ñãäÖ‡ãŠãèâÞãñ ‡ãŠãâ ÔÌãØããèÃÞãñ ý ¼ããñØã ¹ãデ㊕ãããä˾ãã ƒÞœñÞãñ ý ¹ãÀãè ¼ããñØããÌãñâ Öñ ¶ã ÀìÞãñ ý
½ã¶ãã½ãã•ããèâ ýý66ýý ºãÖìÌãñâ ‡ãŠã¾ã ‡ãŠãõ¦ãì‡ãŠãèâ ý •ããèÌã ¶ããñÖñ ãäÌãÓã¾ãããä¼ãËãŒããè ý ‚ãËãñË칦ÌãªÎã㠟ㄇãŠãè ý •ãã¥ã¦ãñ Öñ ýý67ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ
½ãããäÎã¾ããâ •ãõÔãñâ ½ããñÖß ý •ãßÞãÀãâ •ãñÌããèâ •ãß ý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ããäàã¾ããâ ‚ãâ¦ãÀãß ý ½ããñ‡ãŠßñâ Öñ ýý68ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ºãã߇ãŠãñªáªñÎãñâ ý ½ãã¦ãñÞãñâ Ô¶ãñÖ
•ãõÔãñâ ý ‡ãŠãâ ÌãÔãâ¦ããèÞãã Ô¹ãÎãñà ý ½ã… ½ã˾ãããä¶ãßì (½ã˾㠹ãÌãæããÌãÀãèË ÔãìØãâ£ããè ÌããÀã) ýý69ýý ¡ãñß¿ããâ ãä¹ãƾããÞããè ¼ãñ›ãè ý ‡ãŠãâ ãä¹ããä˾ãã ‡ãããèÃÞããè
ã䪟ãè ý ¦ãõÔããèâ ¼ãî¦ã½ãã¨ããèâ ÀãÖ›ãè ý ½ãÌããß ¦ãñ ýý170ýý Ô¹ãÎãñà ‚ããä¦ã½ãðªì ý ½ãìŒããèâ Üãñ¦ããâ ÔãìÔÌããªì ý ÜãÆã¥ãããäÔã ÔãìØãâ£ãì ý „•ããßì ‚ããâØãñâ
ýý71ýý ¦ããñ ‚ããÌã¡ñ ¦ãñÌã¤ã Üãñ¦ããâ ý ãäÌãÀ죪 •ãÀãè ¶ã Öãñ¦ããâ ý ¦ãÀãè „¹ã½ãñ ¾ãñ¦ãã ý ‡ãŠã¹ãìÀ ‡ãŠãèâ ýý72ýý ¹ãÀãè ½ãÖã¼ãî¦ãñâ ¹ããñ›ãèâ ÌããÖñ ý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã
¹ãÀ½ãã¥ãî½ãã•ããèâ Ôãã½ãã¾ãñ ý ¾ãã ãäÌãÏÌãã¶ãìÔããÀ Öãñ¾ãñ ý ØãØã¶ã •ãõÔãñâ ýý73ýý ‡ãŠã¾ã ÔããâØããñâ †ñÔãñâ ãä•ã¥ãñâ ý •ãñâ •ãØããÞãñãä¶ã •ããèÌãñâ ¹ãÆã¥ãñâ ý ¦ã¾ããâ
¶ããâÌã ½Ö¥ãñ ý ½ããªÃÌã (¶ã½ãƦãã) ½ããè ýý74ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¹ãÀã•ã¾ãñâ Àã•ãã ý •ãõÔã㠇㊪ãä©ãÕãñ Ëã•ãã ý ‡ãŠãâ ½ãããä¶ã¾ãã ãä¶ãÔ¦ãñ•ãã ý ãä¶ã‡ãðŠÓ›ãÔ¦ãÌã
ýý75ýý ¶ãã¶ãã Þããâ¡ãß½ãâãäªÀãÎããèâ ý ‚ãÌãÞã›ñâ ‚ãããä˾ãã ÔãⶾããÔããè ý ½ãØã Ëã•ã Öãñ¾ã •ãõÔããè ý „§ã½ãã ¦ã¾ãã ýý76ýý àããä¨ã¾ãã À¥ããèâ
¹ãßãñãä¶ã •ãã¥ãñâ ý ¦ãñâ ‡ãŠãñ¥ã ÔããÖñ Ëããä•ãÀÌãã¥ãñâ ý ‡ãŠãâ Ìãõ£ã̾ãñâ ¹ããÞããÀ¥ãñâ ý ½ãÖãÔããä¦ã¾ãñ¦ãñâ ýý77ýý Àî¹ãÔãã „ª¾ãËñâ ‡ãìŠÓ› ý Ôãâ¼ãããäÌã¦ããâ
‡ã슛ãèÞãñâ (ãä¶ãâªã¹ãÀ, ÌããƒÃ› ‚ããßãÞãñâ , ‚ããÀãñ¹ããÞãñâ) ºããñ› ý ¦ã¾ãã Ëã•ãã ¹ãÆã¥ãÔãâ‡ãŠ› ý Öãñ¾ã •ãõÔãñâ ýý78ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ããõ›Öã¦ã¹ã¥ãñâ ý •ãñâ ÎãÌã Öãñ…ãä¶ã

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 7

ãä•ã¥ãñâ ý „¹ã•ããñâ „¹ã•ããñâ ½ãÀ¥ãñâ ý ¶ããÌãã¶ããÌãã ýý79ýý ãä¦ã¾ãñâ Øã¼ãýãñª½ãìÔãñâ ý À§ãŠ½ãî¨ãÀÔãñâ ý Ìããñâ¦ããèÌã Öãñ…ãä¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ý ¦ãñâ Ëããä•ãÀÌãã¥ãñâ
ýý180ýý Öñâ ºãÖì ‚ãÔããñ ªñÖ¹ã¥ãñâ ý ¶ãã½ãÀî¹ãããäÔã ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ý ¶ããÖãèâ Øãã Ëããä•ãÀÌãã¥ãñâ ý ¦ã¾ããÖî¶ããè ýý81ýý †ñÔãõãäÔã¾ãã ‚ãÌã‡ãŠßã (Öãè¶ã¦ãñ¶ãñ) Üãñ¹ãñ
ÎãÀãèÀãÞãã ‡ã⊛ãßã ý ¦ãñ Ëã•ã ¹ãõâ ãä¶ã½ãÃßã ý ãä¶ãÔãìØãã Øããñ¡ ýý82ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ Ôãî¨ã¦ãâ¦ãì ¦ãì›ãä˾ãã ý ÞãñÓ›ããäÞã Ÿã‡ãñŠ Ôãã¾ãŒãã䡾ãã ý ¦ãõÔããè
¹ãÆã¥ã•ã¾ãñ⠇㊽ãñÃã䶪ƾããâ ý Œãìâ›ñ Øã¦ããè ýý83ýý ‡ãŠãèâ ½ããÌãßãä˾ãã ã䪶ã‡ãŠÀì ý ÔãÀñ ãä‡ãŠÀ¥ããâÞãã ¹ãÆÔãÀì ý ¦ãõÔãã ½ã¶ããñ•ã¾ãñâ ¹ãƇãŠãÀì ý
—ãã¶ãñâãäªÆ¾ããâÞãã ýý84ýý †Ìãâ ½ã¶ã¹ãÌã¶ããä¶ã¾ã½ãñâ ý Öãñ¦ããèâ ªãÖãèâ ƒâãäªÆ¾ãñâ ‚ãàã½ãñâ ý ¦ãñâ ‚ãÞãã¹ãʾã (ãäÔ©ãÀ¹ã¥ãã) Ìã½ãñà ý ¾ãñ¥ãñâ Öãñ¾ã ýý85ýý
¦ãñ•ã: àã½ãã £ãðãä¦ã: ÎããõÞã½ãªÆãñÖãñ ¶ãããä¦ã½ãããä¶ã¦ãã ý ¼ãÌãã䶦ã Ôãâ¹ãªâ ªõÌããè½ããä¼ã•ãã¦ãԾ㠼ããÀ¦ã ýý3ýý
‚ãã¦ããâ ƒÃÏÌãÀ¹ãÆ㹦ããèËãØããèâ ý ¹ãÆÌã¦ãæããâ —ãã¶ã½ããØããèà ý ãä£ãâÌãÔãñ¾ãããäÞã ‚ããâØããèâ ý „¥ããèÌã (¶¾ãî¶ã¦ãã) ¶ããñÖñ ýý86ýý ÌããñŒã›ñâ ½ãÀ¥ãã†ñÔãñâ ý ¦ãñâÖãè
‚ããËñâ ‚ããäضã¹ãÆÌãñÎãñâ ý ¹ãÀãè ¹ãÆã¥ãñÏÌãÀãñªáªñÎãñâ ý ¶ã Øã¥ããèãäÞã Ôã¦ããè ýý87ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ã㦽ã¶ãã©ãããäÞã¾ãã ‚ãã£ããè ý Ëã…ãä¶ã ãäÌãÓã¾ããäÌãÓããÞããè ºããâ£ããè
ý £ããâÌããñ ‚ããÌã¡ñ ¹ãã¥ã£ããè (‡ãŠãâ›ñÀãè ‚ãÀì⪠½ããØããöãñâ) ý ÎããããäÞã¾ãñ ýý88ýý ¶ã Ÿã‡ãñŠ ãä¶ãÓãñ£ãì ‚ãã¡ ý ¶ã ¹ã¡ñ ãäÌã£ããèÞããè ¼ããè¡ ý ¶ãì¹ã•ãñÞããè •ããèÌããèâ
‡ãŠãñ¡ ý ½ãÖããäÔ㣪ãèÞãñâ ýý89ýý †ñÔãñâ ƒÃÏÌãÀã‡ãŠ¡ñ ãä¶ã•ã ý £ããâÌãñ ‚ãã¹ãÔã¾ãã ÔãÖ•ã ý ¦ã¾ãã ¶ããâÌã ¦ãñ•ã ý ‚㣾ããã䦽ã‡ãŠ ¦ãñâ ýý190ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ
ÔãÌãÃÖãè ÔããÖããä¦ã¾ãã ØããäÀ½ãã ý ØãÌããà ¶ã ¾ãñ ¦ãñãäÞã àã½ãã ý •ãõÔãñâ ªñÖ ÌããÖãñãä¶ã Àãñ½ãã ý ÌããÖ¥ãñâ ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ýý91ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãã¦ããä˾ãã ƒâãäªÆ¾ããâÞãñ
ÌãñØã ý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ãÆãÞããè¶ãñâ (¹ãîÌãÇ㊽ããöãñâ) ŒãÌãßËñ ÀãñØã ý ‚ã©ãÌãã ¾ããñØããäÌã¾ããñØã ý ãä¹ãƾãããä¹ãƾããâÞãñ ýý92ýý ¾ã¾ãã ‚ããÜããäÌã¾ããâÞãããäÞã ©ããñÀì ý †‡ãñŠ Ìãñßñ
‚ãããä˾ãã ¹ãìÀì ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãØãÔ¦¾ã ‡ãŠãâ Öãñ…ãä¶ã £ããèÀì ý „¼ãã Ÿã‡ãñŠ ýý93ýý ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎããèâ £ãî½ããÞããè ÀñŒãã ý „ãäŸËãè ºã›ìÌãã ‚ããØããä߇ãŠã ý ¦ãñ
ãäØãßãè ¾ãñ‡ãŠãèâ ¢ãìßì‡ãŠã ý ÌããÀã •ãñÌããèâ ýý94ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ããä£ã¼ãî¦ãããä£ãªõÌããâ (½ãã¶ãìÓããè Ìã ªõÌããè) ý ‚㣾ã㦽ãããäª „¹ãªÆÌããââ ý ¹ãã¦ãËñ¾ãã ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý
ãäØãßîãä¶ã ÜããËãè ýý95ýý †ñÔãñâ ãäÞã§ãàããñ¼ããÞ¾ãã ‚ãÌãÔãÀãèâ ý „ÞãËîãä¶ã £ãõ¾ããà •ãñâ ÞããâØããÌãñâ ‡ãŠÀãè ý £ãð¦ããè ½Öãä¥ã¹ãñ ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý ãä¦ã¾ãñ¦ãñâ Øãã
ýý96ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ãä¶ãÌããÃßîãä¶ã (Îã죪, ãä¶ã½ãÃß ‡ãŠÀî¶ã) ‡ãŠ¶ã‡ãñ⊠ý ¼ããäÀËã ØããâØãñâ¹ããè¾ãìŒãñâ ý ¦ã¾ãã ‡ãŠËÎãããäÞã¾ããÔãããäÀŒãñâ ý ÎããõÞã ‚ãÔãñ ýý97ýý •ãñ
‚ããâØããèâ ãä¶ãÓ‡ãŠã½ã ‚ããÞããÀì ý •ããèÌããèâ ãäÌãÌãñ‡ãìŠ ÔããÞããÀì ý ¦ããñ ÔãºããÖ¿ã Üã¡Ëã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀì ý ÎãìãäÞã¦ÌããÞããÞããè ýý98ýý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ãñŠã䡦㠹ãã¹ã ¦ãã¹ã ý
¹ããñŒããè¦ã (¹ããñãäÓã¦ã) ¦ããèÀãèâÞãñâ ¹ã㪹ã ý Ôã½ãìªÆã •ãã¾ã ‚ãã¹ã ý ØãâØãñÞãñâ •ãõÔãñâ ýý99ýý ‡ãŠãâ •ãØããÞãñâ ‚ãã⣾㠹ãñŠã䡦ãì ý ãäÑã¾ãñÞããèâ Àã„ßñâ „Üãã䡦ãì ý
ãä¶ãÜãñ •ãõÔãã ¼ããÔÌã¦ãì ý ¹ãƪãäàã¥ãñ ýý200ýý ¦ãõÔããèâ ºããâãä£ãËãèâ Ôããñã䡦ãã ý ºãì¡ãËãè ‡ãŠãã䤦ãã ý Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ãèâ ¹ãñŠã䡦ãã ý ‚ãã¦ãâãÃãäÞã¾ãã ýý1ýý
ãä‡ã⊺ãÖì¶ãã ãäªÌãÔãÀã¦ããè ý ¹ãìãä¤ËãâÞãñâ ÔãìŒã „¶¶ã¦ããè ý ‚ãããä¥ã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã¦ã ÔÌãã©ããèà ý ¹ãÆÌãñãäÎã•ãñ ýý2ýý ÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ãñ ‡ãŠã•ããËãØããèâ ý
¹ãÆããä¥ã•ãã¦ããÞ¾ãã ‚ããäÖ¦ã¼ããØããèâ ý Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ããÞããèÖãè ‚ãã¡ÌãâØããè (‚ã¡©ãßã, ‡ã슽ããØãÃ) ý ¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ •ãñâ ýý3ýý ¹ãõâ ‚ãªÆãñÖ¦Ìã †ñãäÎã¾ãã ØããñÓ›ãè ý †ñ‡ãŠÔããè

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 8

ãä•ã¾ãã ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý ¦ãñâ ÔããâãäØã¦ãËñâ Öñ ã䪟ãè ý ¹ããÖãñâ ¾ãñ ¦ãõÔãñâ ýý4ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ØãâØãã Îãâ¼ãîÞãã ½ãã©ããâ ý ¹ããÌããñãä¶ã Ôãâ‡ãŠãñÞãñ •ãñÌããèâ ¹ãã©ããà ý ¦ãñÌããèâ
½ã㶾ã¹ã¥ãñâ ÔãÌãéãã ý Ëã•ã¥ãñâ •ãñâ ýý5ýý ¦ãñâ Öñâ ¹ã줦㠹ã줦ããè ý ‚ã½ãããä¶ã¦Ìã •ãã¥ã Ôãì½ã¦ããè ý ½ããØããâ ÔããâãäØã¦ãËñâÔãñâ ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè ý ¦ãñâãäÞã ¦ãñâ ºããñËãñâ
ýý6ýý †Ìãâ ƒÖãèâ ÔãÌÌããèÔãñâ ý ºãƽÖÔãâ¹ãªã Öñ ÌãÔã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ý ½ããñàãÞã‡ãÆŠÌã¦ããèÃÞãñâ (½ããñàãÀî¹ããè À㕾ããÞ¾ãã ¶ãð¹ã¦ããèÞãñâ) •ãõÔãñâ ý ‚ãØãÆÖãÀ Öãñ¾ã ýý7ýý ¶ãã¶ãã
Öñ Ôãâ¹ããä§ã ªõÌããè ý ¾ãã Øãì¥ã¦ããè©ãâãÃÞããè ¶ããèÞã ¶ãÌããè ý ãä¶ããäÌãÃ¥¥ãÔãØãÀãâÞããè ªõÌããè ý ØãâØãããäÞã ‚ããËãè ýý8ýý ‡ãŠãèâ Øãì¥ã‡ãìŠÔãì½ããâÞããè ½ããßã ý Öñ
Üãñ…ãä¶ã ½ãìãä§ãŠºããßã ý ÌãõÀãؾããä¶ãÀ¹ãñàããÞãã Øãßã ý ãäØãâÌãÔããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý9ýý ‡ãŠãèâ ÔããäÌÌãÔãñâØãì¥ã•¾ããñ¦ããè ý ƒÖãèâ „•ãßîãä¶ã ‚ããÀ¦ããè ý Øããè¦ãã
‚ã㦽ã¾ãã ãä¶ã•ã¹ã¦ããè ý ãä¶ãÀãâ•ã¶ãã ‚ããËãè ýý210ýý „Øããäߦãñâ (ºããÖñÀ ›ã‡ãŠ¦ãñ) ãä¶ã½ãÃßñâ ý Øãì¥ã ƒ¾ãñÞããèâ ½ãì§ãŠã¹ãŠßñâ ý ªõÌããè Îãìãä§ãŠ ‡ãŠßñâ ý
Øããè¦ãã¥ãÃÌããèâÞããè ýý11ýý ‡ãŠã¾ã ºãÖì Ìãã¶ãîâ †ñÔããè ý ‚ããä¼ã̾ã§ãŠãè ¾ãñ ‚ã¹ãõÔããè ý ‡ãñŠËñâ ªõÌããè Øãì¥ãÀãÎããè ý Ôãâ¹ããä§ãÀî¹ã ýý12ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ªì:ŒããÞããè
‚ããâ¦ãìÌã› ÌãñËãè ý ªãñÓã‡ãŠã›¿ããâÞããè •ãÀãè ¼ãÀËãè ý ¦ãÀãè ãä¶ã•ãããä¼ã£ãã¶ããè (‚ãã¹ãʾãã ÔããâØ㥾ããÞãñâ ‡ãÆŠ½ããâ¦ã ‚ããñâÌãËãè) ÜããËãè ý ‚ããÔãìÀãè ¦ãñ ýý13ýý ¹ãõâ
¦¾ã㕾㠦¾ã•ããÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ý •ãã¥ããÌããè •ãÀãè ‚ã¶ãì¹ã¾ããñØããè ý ¦ãÀãè †ñ‡ãŠã ¦ãñ ÞããâØããè ý Ñããñ¨ãÎã§ãŠãè ýý14ýý ¦ãÀãè ¶ãÀ‡ãŠÌ¾ã©ãã ©ããñÀãè ý
‚ãã¥ããÌã¾ãã ªãñÓããèâÜããñÀãèâ ý ½ãñßî ‡ãñŠËã ¦ãñ ‚ããÔãìÀãè ý Ôãâ¹ããä§ã Öñ ýý15ýý ¶ãã¶ãã ãäÌãÓãÌãØãìà †‡ãŠÌã›ì ý ¦ã¾ãã ¶ããâÌã •ãõÔãã ºããÔã›ì ý ‚ããÔãìÀãè
Ôãâ¹ããä§ã Öã Œããñ›ì (Øããñßã, ½ãñßã) ý ªãñÓããâÞãã ¦ãõÔãã ýý16ýý
ª½¼ããñ ª¹ããñÃãä¼ã½ãã¶ãÏÞã ‡ãÆŠãñ£ã: ¹ããÀìÓ¾ã½ãñÌã Þã ý ‚ã—ãã¶ãâ Þãããä¼ã•ãã¦ãԾ㠹ãã©ãà Ôãâ¹ãª½ããÔãìÀãè½ãá ýý4ýý
¦ãÀãè ¦ã¾ãããäÞã ‚ããÔãìÀãâ ý ªãñÓããâ½ãã•ããèâ •ã¾ãã ÌããèÀã ý Ìã㡹ã¥ããÞãã ¡ãâØããñÀã ý ¦ããñ ªâ¼ãì †ñÔãã ýý17ýý •ãõÔããè ‚ãã¹ãìËãè •ã¶ã¶ããè ý ¶ãضã (ãä¶ãâªã
‡ãŠÀî¶ã) ªããäÌããä˾ãã •ã¶ããèâ ý ¦ãñâ ¦ããè©ãÃãäÞã ¹ãÀãè ¹ã¦ã¶ããèâ ý ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã Öãñ¾ã ýý18ýý ‡ãŠãâ ãäÌ㪿ãã ØãìÀì¹ããäªÓ›ã ý ºããñ¼ããƒãä˾ãã ÞããñÖ›ãâ ý ¦ãÀãè
ƒÓ›ªã ¹ãÀãè ‚ããä¶ãÓ›ã ý Öñ¦ãì Öãñ¦ããè ýý19ýý ¹ãõâ ‚ããâØãñâ ºã졦ããâ ½ãÖã¹ãîÀãèâ ý •ãñ ÌãñØãñâ ‡ãŠã¤ãè ¹ãõ˦ããèÀãèâ ý ¦ãñ ¶ããÌããäÞã ºããâãä£ããä˾ãã ãäÎãÀãèâ ý ºãì¡Ìããè
•ãõÔããè ýý220ýý ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã •ãñâ •ããèãäÌã¦ãã ý ¦ãñâ Ìãããä¶ãËñâ •ãÀãè ÔãñãäÌã¦ããâ ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ã¶¶ããäÞã ¹ãâ¡ìÔãì¦ãã ý Öãñ¾ã ãäÌãÓã ýý21ýý ¦ãõÔãã ªðÓ›ãªðÓ›ãÞãã
(ƒÖ¹ãÀËãñ‡ãŠãèâÞãã) ÔãŒãã ý £ã½ãìà •ããËã ¦ããñ ¹ãŠãñ‡ãŠããäÀ•ãñ ªñŒãã ý ¦ãÀãè ¦ããäÀ¦ãã ¦ããñãäÞã ªãñŒãã- ý ËãØããèâ Öãñ¾ã ýý22ýý ½Ö¥ããä¶ã ÌããÞãñÞãã
ÞããõºããÀã ý Üãã¦ããä˾ãã £ã½ããÃÞãã ¹ãÔããÀã ý £ã½ãìÃãäÞã ¦ããñ ‚ã£ã½ãìà Öãñ¾ã ÌããèÀã ý ¦ããñ ªâ¼ãì •ãã¥ãñ ýý23ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ½ãîŒããÃãäÞã¾ãñ ãä•ã¼ãñ ý ‚ãàãÀãâÞãã
‚ããâºãìŒãã Ôãì¼ãñ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ããñ ºãƽÖÔã¼ãñ ý ¶ã ãäÀ¢ãñ •ãõÔãã ýý24ýý ‡ãŠãâ ½ããªìÀãè (Þããºãì‡ãŠÔÌããÀãâÞãã) Ëãñ‡ãŠãâÞãã Üããñ¡ã ý Øã•ã¹ããä¦ãÖãè ½ãã¶ããè ©ããñ¡ã ý
‡ãŠãâ ‡ãŠãâã䛾ãñÌããäÀʾãã ÔãÀ¡ã ý ÔÌãØãìÃÖãè ¶ããèÞã ýý25ýý ¦ãð¥ããÞãñãä¶ã ƒâ£ã¶ãñâ ý ‚ããØããè £ããâÌãñ ØãØã¶ãñâ ý ãä©ãÊËÀºãßñâ ½ããè¶ãñâ ý ¶ã Øããä¥ã•ãñ ãäÔãâ£ãî
ýý26ýý ¦ãõÔãã ½ãã•ãñ ãäÔ¨ã¾ãã £ã¶ãñâ ý ãäÌ㪿ãã Ô¦ãì¦ããè ºãÖì¦ãñâ ½ãã¶ãñâ ý †‡ãñŠ ãäªÌãÔããèâÞãñãä¶ã ¹ãÀ㶶ãñâ ý ‚ãʹã‡ãìŠ •ãõÔãã ýý27ýý ‚ã¼ãÆÞœã¾ãñãäÞã¾ãã

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 9

•ããñ¡ãè ý ãä¶ãªõÌãì ÜãÀ ½ããñ¡ãè ý ½ãðØããâºãì ªñŒããñãä¶ã ¹ãŠãñ¡ãè ý ¹ãããä¥ã¾ãã¡ñâ (¦ãßñâ, •ã˹ãã¨ã) ½ãîŒãà ýý28ýý ãä‡ã⊺ãÖì¶ãã †ñÔãõÔãñâ ý „¦ã¥ãñâ •ãñâ
Ôãâ¹ããä§ããä½ãÔãñâ ý ¦ããñ ª¹ãìà Øãã ‚ã¶ãããäÀÔãñâ ý ¶ã ºããñËñâ ÜãñƒÃ ýý29ýý ‚ãããä¥ã •ãØãã Ìãñªãèâ ãäÌãÏÌããÔãì ý ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌãÏÌããÔããèâ ¹ã㠃ÃÎãì ý •ãØããèâ †‡ãŠ
¦ãñ•ãÔãì ý Ôãî¾ãÃìãäÞã Öã ýý230ýý •ãØã (Ëãñ‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ƒÞœñÞãñâ Ô©ãã¶ã) Ô¹ãðÖñ ‚ããԹ㪠ý †‡ãŠ ÔããÌãüããõ½ã¹ãª ý ¶ã ½ãÀ¥ãñâ ãä¶ããäÌãÃÌã㪠ý •ãØãã ¹ãã䤾ãñâ
ýý31ýý ½Ö¥ããä¶ã •ãØã „¦ÔããÖñâ ý ¾ãã¦ãñâ Ìãã¶ãîâ •ãã¾ãñ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¦ãñâ ‚ãデãŠãñãä¶ã ½ã¦ÔãÀì ÌããÖñ ý ¹ãìŠØããñâ ËãØãñ ýý32ýý ½Ö¥ãñ ƒÃÏÌãÀã¦ãñâ Œãã¾ãñâ ý
¦ã¾ãã Ìãñªã ãäÌãÓã Ôãî¾ãñâ ý ØããõÀÌãã½ãã•ããèâ (½ãÖ¦ÌããÞ¾ãã ¾ããñØãã¶ãñâ) ¨ãã¾ãñ ý ¼ãâØããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý33ýý ¹ã¦ãâØãã ¶ããÌã¡ñ •¾ããñ¦ããè ý Œãª¿ããñ¦ãã ¼ãã¶ãîÞããè Œãâ¦ããè
ý ãä›ã䛼ãñ¶ãñâ ‚ãã¹ããâ¹ã¦ããè ý ÌãõÀãè ‡ãñŠËã ýý34ýý ¦ãõÔãã ‚ããä¼ã½ãã¶ããÞãñãä¶ã ½ããñÖñâ ý ƒÃÏÌãÀãÞãñâÖãè ¶ãã½ã ¶ã ÔããÖñ ý ºãã¹ãã¦ãñâ ½Ö¥ãñ ½ã•ã Öñ ÔãÌã¦ããè
•ããËãè ýý35ýý †ñÔãã ½ã㶾ã¦ãñÞãã ¹ãìÓ›Øãâ¡ì (½ããñŸã ¦ããŸã) ý ¦ããñ ‚ããä¼ã½ãã¶ããè ¹ãÀ½ãËâ¡ì ý ÀãõÀÌããÞãã Àî¤ì ý ½ããØãìÃãäÞã ¹ãõâ ýý36ýý ‚ãããä¥ã
¹ãìãä¤ËãâÞãñâ ÔãìŒã ý ªñŒããä¥ã¾ããâÞãñâ Öãñ¾ã ãä½ãŒã ý Þã¤ñ ‡ãÆŠãñ£ããضããèÞãñâ ãäÌãŒã ý ½ã¶ããñÌãð§ããè ýý37ýý Îããè¦ãßããäÞã¾ãñ ¼ãñ›ãè ý ¦ãã¦ãËã ¦ãñËãèâ ‚ããØããè
„Ÿãè ý ÞãâªÆì ªñŒããñãä¶ã •ãßñ ¹ããñ›ãèâ ý ‡ãŠãñÊÖã •ãõÔãã ýý38ýý ãäÌãÏÌããÞãñâ ‚ãã¾ãìӾ㠕ãñ¥ãñâ „•ãßñ ý ¦ããñ Ôãî¾ãìà „ªõËã ªñŒããñãä¶ã ÔãÌãßñ (¹ãÆã¦ã:‡ãŠãßãèâ)
ý ¹ãããä¹ã¾ãã ¹ã슛¦ããè ¡ãñßñ ý ¡ì¡ìßãÞãñ ýý39ýý •ãØããÞããè ÔãìŒã¹ãÖãâ› ý ÞããñÀãâ ½ãÀ¥ããÖîãä¶ã ãä¶ã‡ãðŠÓ› ý ªì£ããÞãñâ ‡ãŠã߇ãî ý Öãñ¾ã ̾ããßãèâ
ýý240ýý ‚ãØãã£ãñâ Ôã½ãìªÆ•ãßñâ ý ¹ãÆããäÎã¦ããâ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ •ãßñ ý Ìã¡Ìããضããè ¶ã ãä½ãßñ ý Îããâãä¦ã ‡ãŠÖãèâ ýý41ýý ¦ãõÔãã ãäÌ㪿ãããäÌã¶ããñªãäÌã¼ãÌãñâ
(Ìãõ¼ãÌãã¶ãñâ, †ñÎÌã¾ããöãñâ) ý ªñŒãñ ¹ãìãä¤ËãâÞããèâ ªõÌãñâ ý ¦ãâÌã ¦ãâÌã ÀãñÓãì ªì¥ããÌãñ ý ‡ãÆŠãñ£ãì ¦ããñ •ãã¥ã ýý42ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ½ã¶ã Ôã¹ããÃÞããè ‡ã슛ãè ý ¡ãñßñ
¶ããÀãÞããâÞããè Ôãì›ãè ý ºããñË¥ãñâ ¦ãñ ÌãðÓ›ãè ý ƒâØãßãâÞããè ýý43ýý ¾ãñÀ •ãñâ ãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãã•ãã¦ã ý ¦ãñâ ãä¦ãŒã¾ããÞãñâ ‡ãŠÌãæã ý †ñÔãñâ ÔãºããÖ¿ã ŒãÔãããäÔã¦ã ý
•ã¾ããÞãñâ Øãã ýý44ýý ¦ããñ ½ã¶ãìÓ¾ããâ¦ã ‚ã£ã½ãì •ãã¥ã ý ¹ããÀìÓ¾ããÞãñâ (‡ãŠ›ì ¼ããÓã¥ããÞãñâ, ‡ãŠãã䟥¾ããÞãñâ) ‚ãÌã¦ãÀ¥ã ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ‚ãデ㊠Œãî¥ã ý ‚ã—ãã¶ããÞããè
ýý45ýý ¦ãÀãè Îããè¦ããñÓ¥ãÔ¹ãÎããà ý ãä¶ãÌãã¡ì ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ¹ããÓãã¥ãì •ãõÔãã ý ‡ãŠãâ Àã¨ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ãäªÌãÔãã ý •ã㦾ãâ£ãì ¦ããñ ýý46ýý ‚ããØããèâ „ãäŸËã ‚ããÀãñØã¥ãñâ
ý •ãõÔãã Œã㪿ããŒã㪿㠶㠽֥ãñ ý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ããäÀÔãã ¹ãã¡ì ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ý Ôããñ¶ã¾ãã ËãñÖã ýý47ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ¦ãñ ¶ãã¶ããÀÔããèâ ý ãäÀÜããñãä¶ã ªÌããèà (¹ãßãè) •ãõÔããè
ý ¹ãÀãè ÀÔãÔÌããªãÔããè ý ÞããŒããñâ ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ýý48ýý ‡ãŠãâ ÌããÀã •ãõÔãã ¹ããÀŒããè ý ¶ãÌÖñãäÞã Øãã ½ããØããýããØããÃãäÌãŒããèâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‡ãðŠ¦¾ãã‡ãðŠ¦¾ã ãäÌãÌãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý
‚ãâ£ã¹ã¥ã •ãñâ ýý49ýý Öñâ ÞããñŒã Öñâ ½ãõß ý †ñÔãñâ ¶ãñ¥ããñãä¶ã¾ããâ ºããß ý ªñŒãñ ¦ãñâ ‡ãñŠÌãß ý ½ãìŒããèâãäÞã ÜããËãè ýý250ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¹ãã¹ã¹ã쥾ããÞãñâ
ãäŒãÞã›ñâ ý ‡ãŠÀãñãä¶ã Œãã¦ããâ ºãìã䣪ÞãñÓ›ñ (ºãìã䣪̾ãã¹ããÀãÔã) ý ‡ãŠ¡ì ½ã£ãìÀ ¶ã Ìãã›ñ ý †ñÔããè •ãñ ªÎãã ýý51ýý ãä¦ã¾ãñ ¶ãã½ã ‚ã—ãã¶ã ý ¾ãã ºããñËã
¶ããÖãèâ ‚ãã¶ã ý †Ìãâ ÔããÖãè ªãñÓããâÞãñâ ãäÞã¶Ö ý ÔããâãäØã¦ãËñâ ýý52ýý ƒÖãèâÞã ÔããÖãè ªãñÓããâØããèâ ý Öñ ‚ããÔãìÀãè Ôãâ¹ããä§ã ªã›ìØããè ý •ãõÔãñâ ©ããñÀ ãäÌãÓã¾ã
Ôãì¼ãØãñ ‚ãâØããèâ ý ‚ãâØã Ôãã¶ãñâ (ËÖã¶ã) ýý53ýý ‡ãŠãâ ãä¦ãÜããâ Ìã¶ÖãèâÞ¾ãã ¹ããâ¦ããèâ ý ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ©ããñ¡ñ Ÿã¾ã Øã½ã¦ããè ý ¹ãÀãè ãäÌãÏÌãÖãè ¹ãÆã¥ããÖì¦ããè ý ‡ãŠÀâî ¶ã
¹ãìÀñ ýý54ýý £ãã¦ã¾ããÖãè (ºãƽ֪ñÌããËããäÖ) Øãñãä˾ãã ÎãÀ¥ã ý ãä¨ãªãñÓããèâ ¶ã Þãì‡ãñŠ ½ãÀ¥ã ý ¦ã¾ãã ãä¦ãÖãèâÞããè ªì¥ããè •ãã¥ã ý ÔããÖãè ªãñÓã Öñ ýý55ýý

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 10

ƒÖãèâ ÔããÖãè ªãñÓããèâ Ôãâ¹ãî¥ããèà ý •ããËãè ƒ¾ãñÞããè „¼ããÀ¥ããè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ããÔãìÀãè „¥ããè ý Ôãâ¹ãªã ¶ãÌÖñ ýý56ýý ¹ãÀãè ‡ãÆîŠÀØãÆÖãâÞããè •ãõÔããè ý ½ããâªãè
ãä½ãßñ †‡ãñŠãäÞã ÀãÎããè ý ‡ãŠãâ ¾ãñ¦ããè ãä¶ã⪇ãŠã¹ããÔããèâ ý ‚ãÎãñÓã ¹ãã¹ãñâ ýý57ýý ½ãÀ¥ããÀãÞãñâ ‚ããâØã ý ¹ããä¡Üãã¦ããè (̾ãããä¹ã¦ããè) ‚ãÌãÜãñÞããè ÀãñØã ý ‡ãŠãâ
‡ã슽ãìÖî¦ããèà ªì¾ããñÃØã ý †‡ãŠÌ㛦ããè ýý58ýý ãäÌãÏÌããÔãËã ‚ãã¦ãì¡Ìããè•ãñ ÞããñÀã ý ãäÎã¥ãËã Ôã샕ãñ ½ãÖã¹ãìÀã ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ªãñÓããèâ ƒÖãèâ ¶ãÀã ý ‚ããä¶ãÓ›
‡ãŠãè•ãñ ýý59ýý ‡ãŠãâ ‚ãã¾ãìӾ㠕ãããä¦ã¾ãñ Ìãñßñ ý Îãñãäß¾ãñ Ôãã¦ãÌãñ„ßãè ãä½ãßñ ý ¦ãõÔãñ ÔããÖãè ªãñÓã ÔãØãßñ ý •ããñ¡¦ããè ¦ã¾ãã ýý260ýý
½ããñàã½ããØããÇ㊡ñ ý •ãõâ ¾ã¾ããÞãã ‚ããâºãìŒãã (ãäÎãâ¦ããñ¡ã, ØãâÌãÔã¥ããè) ¹ã¡ñ ý ¦ãõâ ¶ã ãä¶ãÜãñ ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ºãì¡ñ ý ÔãâÔããÀãèâ •ããñ ýý61ýý ‚ã£ã½ããâ ¾ããñ¶ããèâÞ¾ãã
¹ãã„›ãèâ ý „¦ãÀ¦ã •ããñ ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý Ô©ããÌãÀãâÖãè ¦ãßÌã›ãèâ ý ºãõÔã¥ãñâ Üãñ ýý62ýý Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ ¦ã¾ããÞ¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ ý ãä½ãßãñãä¶ã ÔããÖãè ªãñÓããèâ ƒÖãèâ ý
‚ããÔãìÀãè Ôãâ¹ããä§ã ¹ããÖãèâ ý Ìãã¤ãäÌã•ãñ ýý63ýý †ñãäÔã¾ãã ¾ãã ªãñ¶ããè ý Ôãâ¹ãªã ¹ãÆãäÔ㣪㠕ã¶ããèâ ý ÔããâãäØã¦ããä˾ãã ãäÞã¶Öãèâ ý ÌãñØãßãʾãã ýý64ýý
ªõÌããè Ôãâ¹ãªá ãäÌã½ããñàãã¾ã ãä¶ãºã¶£ãã¾ããÔãìÀãè ½ã¦ãã ý ½ãã ÎãìÞã: Ôãâ¹ãªâ ªõÌããè½ããä¼ã•ãã¦ããñçãäÔã ¹ã㥡Ìã ýý5ýý
ƒ¾ãã ªãñ¶Öãèâ½ãã•ããèâ ¹ããäÖËãè ý ªõÌããè •ãñ ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËãè ý ¦ãñ ½ããñàãÔãî¾ãñà ¹ããÖËãè (¹ãƇãŠããäÎã¦ã ‡ãñŠËãè) ý „ŒãããäÞã •ãã¥ã ýý65ýý ¾ãñÀãè ¾ãñ ªìÔãÀãè ý
Ôãâ¹ããä§ã ‡ãŠãâ ‚ããÔãìÀãè ý ¦ãñ ½ããñÖËãñÖãÞããè ŒãÀãè ý ÔããâŒãßãè •ããèÌããâ ýý66ýý ¹ããäÀ Öñâ ‚ãデãŠãñãä¶ã ¢ã¥ãñâ ý ¼ã¾ã ÜãñÔããè Öãñ ½ã¶ãñâ ý ‡ãŠã¾ã Àã¨ããèÞãã
ã䪶ãñâ ý £ãã‡ãìŠ £ããäÀ•ãñ ýý67ýý Öñ ‚ããÔãìÀãè Ôãâ¹ããä§ã ¦ã¾ãã ý ºãâ£ããËãØããèâ (ºããâ£ã¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ, •ãŒã¡¥¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ) £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ãã ý •ããñ ÔããÖãèâ ªãñÓããâ ¾ã¾ããâ ý
‚ããÑã¾ããñ Öãñ¾ã ýý68ýý ¦ãâî ¦ãâÌã ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý ÔããâãäØã¦ãËñ¾ãã ªõÌãã ý Øãì¥ããä¶ã£ããè ºãÀÌãã ý •ã¶½ãËãÔããè ýý69ýý ½Ö¥ããä¶ã ¹ãã©ããà ¦ãîâ ¾ãã ý ªõÌããè
Ôãâ¹ã§ããè ÔÌãããä½ã¾ãã ý Öãñ…ãä¶ã ¾ããÌãñâ „Ìãã¾ãã (ÔãìŒãã¹ãƦã) ý ‡ãõŠÌãʾãããäÞã¾ãã ýý270ýý
̪ãõ ¼ãî¦ãÔãØããõà Ëãñ‡ãñŠçãäÔ½ã¶ãá ªõÌã ‚ããÔãìÀ †Ìã Þã ý ªõÌããñ ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀÎã: ¹ãÆãñ§ãŠ ‚ããÔãìÀâ ¹ãã©ãà ½ãñ ÑãÏ¥ãì ýý6ýý
‚ãããä¥ã ªõÌããâ ‚ããÔãìÀãâ ý Ôãâ¹ããä§ãÌãâ¦ããâ ¶ãÀãâ ý ‚ã¶ãããäªãäÔ㣪 „•ãØãÀã ý ÀãÖã›ãèÞãã ‚ããÖñ ýý71ýý •ãõÔãñ Àã¨ããèÞ¾ãã ‚ãÌãÔãÀãèâ ý ̾ãã¹ãããäÀ•ãñ
(ãäÖâ¡ãÌãñ) ãä¶ãÎããÞãÀãèâ ý ãäªÌãÔãã Ôãì̾ãÌãÖãÀãèâ ý ½ã¶ãìÓ¾ããã䪇ãŠãèâ ýý72ýý ¦ãõãäÔã¾ãã ‚ãã¹ãìËããä˾ãã ÀãÖã›ãèâ ý Ìã¦ãæããè ªãñ¶Öãè ÔãðÓ›ãè ý ªõÌããè
‚ãããä¥ã ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý ‚ããÔãìÀãè ¾ãñ©ã ýý73ýý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀîãä¶ã ªõÌããè ý —ãã¶ã‡ãŠ©ã¶ãããäª ¹ãÆÔ¦ããÌããèâ ý ½ããØããèË ØãÆâ©ããèâ ºãÀÌããè ý ÔããâãäØã¦ãËãè
ýý74ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ‚ããÔãìÀãè •ãñ ÔãðÓ›ãè ý ¦ãñãä©ãâÞããè „¹ãË…â ØããñŸãè ý ‚ãÌã£ãã¶ããÞããè ã䪟ãè ý ªñ ¹ããâ ãä¶ã‡ãŠãè ýý75ýý ¦ãÀãè Ìã㪿ãñâÌããè¥ã ¶ããªì ý ¶ãñªãè
‡ãŠÌã¥ããÖãè Ôããªì (Î㺪, £Ìããä¶ã, „§ãÀ) ý ‡ãŠãâ ‚ã¹ãìÓ¹ããèâ ½ã‡ãŠÀâªì ý ¶ã ˼ãñ •ãõÔãã ýý76ýý ¦ãõÔããè ¹ãƇãðŠãä¦ã Öñ ‚ããÔãìÀ ý †‡ãŠËãè ¶ããñÖñ ØããñÞãÀ ý •ãâÌã
†‡ãŠã£ãñâ ÎãÀãèÀ ý ½ããÊÖã¦ããè¶ãã ýý77ýý ½ãØã ‚ãããäÌãÓ‡ãŠÀËã Ëãâ‡ã슡ñâ ý ¹ããÌã‡ãìŠ •ãõÔãã •ããñ¡ñ ý ¦ãõÔããè ¹ãÆããä¥ãªñÖãèâ Ôããâ¹ã¡ñ ý ‚ãã›ãñ¹ãËãè Öñ

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 11

ýý78ýý ¦ãñ Ìãñßãèâ •ãñ Ìãã¤ãè …âÔãã ý ¦ãñãäÞã ‚ããâ¦ãìËã ÀÔãã ý ªñÖã‡ãŠãÀì Öãñ¾ã ¦ãõÔãã ý ¹ãÆããä¥ã¾ããâÞãã ýý79ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¦ã¾ãããäÞã ¹ãÆããä¥ã¾ããâ ý Àî¹ã
(Ëàã¥ã, „¹ã‡ãÆŠ½ã) ‡ãŠÀîâ £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ãã ý Üã¡Ëñ •ãñ ‚ãÔãìãäÀ¾ãã ý ªãñÓãÌãðâªãè ýý280ýý
¹ãÆÌãðãä§ãâ Þã ãä¶ãÌãðãä§ãâ Þã •ã¶ãã ¶ã ãäÌãªìÀãÔãìÀã: ý ¶ã ÎããõÞãâ ¶ãããä¹ã ÞããÞããÀãñ ¶ã Ô㦾ãâ ¦ãñÓãì ãäÌ㪿ã¦ãñ ýý7ýý
¦ãÀãè ¹ã쥾ããËãØããèâ ¹ãÆÌãð§ããè ý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ãã¹ãããäÌãÓã¾ããèâ ãä¶ãÌãð§ããè ý ¾ãã •ãã¥ã¥ãñ¾ããÞããè Àã¦ããè ý ¦ã¾ããÞãñâ ½ã¶ã ýý81ýý ãä¶ãØã¥ãñ¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆÌãñÎãã ý ãäÞã§ã
¶ãñªãè¦ãì ‚ããÌãñÎãã ý ‡ãŠãñÎããä‡ãŠ›ì (‡ãŠãñÎãÌããÔããè ãä‡ãŠ¡ã) •ãõÔãã ý •ãããäÞ㶶ãËã ¹ãõâ ýý82ýý ‡ãŠãâ ã䪣ãËñâ ½ããØãì¦ããè ¾ãñƒÃË ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¶ã¾ãñ Öñâ ¹ãì¤ãèË ý ¶ã
¹ããÖ¦ããâ ªñ ¼ããâ¡ÌãË ý ½ãîŒãà ÞããñÀãâ ýý83ýý ¦ãõãäÔã¾ãã ¹ãÆÌãðãä§ã ãä¶ãÌãðãä§ã ªãñ¶ããè ý ¶ãñãä¥ã•ã¦ããè ‚ããÔãìÀãèâ •ã¶ããèâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ÎããõÞã ¦ãñâ ÔÌ㹶ããèâ ý
ªñŒã¦ããè ¶ãã ¦ãñ ýý84ýý ‡ãŠããäß½ãã Ôããâ¡ãèË ‡ãŠãñßÔãã ý ÌãÀãè ÞããñŒããè ÖãñƒÃË Ìãã¾ãÔãã (‡ãŠãÌãß¿ããËã) ý ÀãàãÔãÖãè ½ããâÔãã ý ãäÌã›ãñâ Îã‡ãñŠ ýý85ýý
¹ãÀãè ‚ããÔãìÀãâ ¹ãÆããä¥ã¾ããâ ý ÎããõÞã ¶ããÖãèâ £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ãã ý ¹ããäÌã¨ã¦Ìã •ãñÌããèâ ¼ããâã䡾ãã ý ½ãª¿ãããäÞã¾ãã ýý86ýý Ìãã¤ãäÌã¦ããè ãäÌã£ããèÞããè ‚ããÔã ý ‡ãŠãâ
¹ããÖã¦ããè Ìããä¡ËãâÞããè ÌããÔã (ÞããË, Àãè¦ã) ý ‚ããÞããÀãÞããè ¼ããÓã ý ¶ãñ¥ã¦ããèãäÞã ¦ãñ ýý87ýý •ãõÔãñâ ÞãÀ¥ãñâ Îãñãäß¾ãñÞãñâ ý ‡ãŠãâ £ããâÌã¥ãñâ ÌãããäÀ¾ããÞãñâ ý
•ããߥãñâ ‚ããØããèÞãñâ ý ¼ã˦ãñ„¦ãñâ ýý88ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¹ãì¤ãâ Ôãîãä¶ã ÔÌãõÀ ý ‚ããÞãÀ¦ããè ¦ãñ Øãã ‚ããÔãìÀ ý Ô㦾ãñâãäÔã ‡ãŠãèÀ ÌãõÀ ý ÔãªããäÞã ¦ã¾ããâ ýý89ýý
•ãÀãè ¶ããâãäØã¾ãã ‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ãã ý ãäÌãâÞãì ‡ãŠÀãè ØãìªØãìãä˾ãã ý ¦ãÀãè ÔããÞãã ºãñËãè ºããñãä˾ãã ý ºããñ˦ããè ¦ãñ ýý290ýý ‚ã¹ãã¶ããÞãñãä¶ã (ØãìªÌªãÀã¶ãñâ)
¦ããñâ¡ñâ ý •ãÀãè ÔãìØãâ£ãã ¾ãñ¥ãñâ Üã¡ñ ý ¦ãÀãè Ô㦾㠦ã¾ããâ •ããñ¡ñ ý ‚ããÔãìÀãâ¦ãñâ ýý91ýý †ñÔãñâ ¦ãñ ¶ã ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ‚ããâØãñâãäÞã ÌããñŒã›ñâ ¹ããÖãèâ ý
‚ãã¦ããâ ºããñ˦ããè ¦ãñ ¶ãÌããƒÃ ý ÔããâãäØã•ãõË ýý92ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ‡ãŠÀñ¾ããÞ¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ ÞããâØã ý ¦ãñâ ¦ã¾ãããäÔã ‡ãõâŠÞãñ ¶ããè› ‚ããâØã ý ¦ãõÔãã ‚ããÔãìÀãâÞãã
¹ãÆÔãâØã ý ¹ãÆÔãâØãñâ ¹ããäÀÔã ýý93ýý „£ãÌã¥ããèÞãñâ •ãñÌããèâ ¦ããñâ¡ ý „¼ãßãè £ãìâÌããÞãñ „¼ã¡ („½ããßñ, Ëãñ›) ý Öñâ •ãããä¥ã•ãñ ¦ãñÌããèâ „Üã¡ ý ÔããâØããñâ ¦ãñ ºããñË
ýý94ýý
‚ãÔ㦾ã½ã¹ãÆãä¦ãÓŸâ ¦ãñ •ãØãªãÖìÀ¶ããèÏÌãÀ½ãá ý ‚ã¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀÔãâ¼ãî¦ãâ ãä‡ãŠ½ã¶¾ã¦ãá ‡ãŠã½ãÖõ¦ãì‡ãŠ½ãá ýý8ýý
¦ãÀãè ãäÌãÏÌã Öã ‚ã¶ãããäª ŸãÌããñ ý ¾ãñ©ã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¦ãã ƒÃÏÌãÀãÌããñ ý ÞããÌãã䡾ãñ ¶¾ããÌããñ (¶¾ãã¾ã, ‚㶾ãã¾ã) ‚㶾ããÌããñ ý ãä¶ãÌã¡ãè Ìãñªì ýý95ýý Ìãñªãèâ
‚㶾ãã¾ããèâ ¹ã¡ñ ý ¦ããñ ãä¶ãÀ¾ã¼ããñØãñâ ªâ¡ãè ý Ô㶾ãã¾ããè ¦ããñ ÔãìÀÌãã¡ñâ ý ÔÌãØããèà ãä•ã¾ãñ ýý96ýý †ñÔããè Öñ ãäÌãÏÌã̾ãÌãÔ©ãã ý ‚ã¶ãããäª •ãñ ¹ãã©ããà ý
ƒ¾ãñ¦ãñâ ½Ö¥ã¦ããè ¦ãñ Ìãð©ãã ý ‚ãÌãÜãñâãäÞã Öñâ ýý97ýý ¾ã—ã½ãî¤ Ÿãä‡ãŠËñ ¾ããØããèâ ý ªñÌããä¹ãÔãñâ ¹ãÆãä¦ã½ãããäËâØããè (½ãîãä¦ãà Ìã ãäËâØããÞ¾ãã ¾ããñØãã¶ãñâ) ý ¶ããØãÌãËñ
¼ãØãÌãñ ¾ããñØããè ý Ôã½ãããä£ã¼ãƽãñâ ýý98ýý ¾ãñ©ã ‚ãã¹ãìËñãä¶ã ºãßñâ ý ¼ããñãäØã•ãñ •ãñâ •ãñâ Ìãñâ›ãßñâ ý Öñâ ÌããâÞããñãä¶ã ÌãñØãßñâ ý ¹ã쥾㠂ããÖñ?ýý99ýý ¶ãã

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 12

‚ãÎã§ãŠ¹ã¥ãñâ ‚ããâãäØã‡ãñ⊠ý ÌãñØãßÌãñâ›ãßãè⠶㠛‡ãñ⊠ý †ñÔãã Øããã䪕ãñÌããè¥ã ãäÌãÓã¾ãÔãìŒãñâ ý ¦ãñãäÞã ¹ãã¹ã ýý300ýý ¹ãÆã¥ã Üãñ¹ã¦ããè Ôãâ¹ã¶¶ããâÞãñ ý ¦ãñâ
¹ãã¹ã •ãÀãè ÔããÞãñâ ý ¦ãÀãè ÔãÌãÃÔÌã Öã¦ãã ¾ãñ ¦ã¾ããâÞãñâ ý Öñâ ¹ã쥾ã¹ãŠß ‡ãŠãèâ ?ýý1ýý ºãßãè ‚ãºãßã¦ãñâ Œãã¾ã ý ÖñâãäÞã ºãããä£ã¦ã (ãä¶ããäÓ㣪 ‡ãŠ½ãÃ) •ãÀãè
Öãñ¾ã ý ¦ãÀãè ½ããÔã¾ããâ ‡ãŠãâ ¶ã Öãñ¾ã ý ãä¶ãÔãâ¦ãã¶ã ?ýý2ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãìŠßñâ Îããñ£ãîãä¶ã ªãñ¶Öãè ý ‡ã슽ããÀñâãäÞã Îãì¼ãËضããèâ ý ½ãñßÌããè•ã¦ããè
¹ãÆ•ããÔãã£ã¶ããèâ ý Öñ¦ãì •ãÀãè ýý3ýý ¦ãÀãè ¹ãÎãì¹ãàãããäª •ãã¦ããè ý •ã¾ãã ãä½ã¦ããè ¶ããÖãèâ Ôãâ¦ã¦ããè ý ¦ã¾ããâ ‡ãŠãñ¥ãñâ ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã§ããèâ ý ãäÌãÌããÖ ‡ãñŠËñ ?ýý4ýý
ÞããñãäÀ¾ãñÞãñâ £ã¶ã ‚ããËñâ ý ¦ãÀãè ¦ãñâ ‡ãŠãñ¥ãããäÔã ãäÌãÓã •ããËñâ ?ý Ìãã˼ãñâ ¹ãÀ̪ãÀ ‡ãñŠËñâ ý ‡ãŠãñ¤ãè ‡ãŠãñ¥ããè Öãñ¾ã ?ýý5ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ªñÌããñ ØããñÔããâÌããè ý
¦ããñ £ã½ãããã½ãìà ¼ããñØãÌããè ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÀ¨ããÞ¾ãã (¹ãÀËãñ‡ãŠãèâ) ØããâÌããèâ ý ‡ãŠÀãè ¦ããñ ¼ããñØããè ýý6ýý ¹ãÀãè ¹ãÀ¨ã ¶ãã ªñÌããñ ý ¶ã ãäªÔãñ ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¦ãñâ ÌããÌããñ ý
‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠ¦ããà ãä¶ã½ãñ ½ãã ŸãÌããñ ý ¼ããñؾãããäÔã ‡ãŠÌã¥ãì ?ýý7ýý ¾ãñ©ã „ÌãÃãäÎã¾ãã ƒâªÆ ÔãìŒããè ý •ãõÔãã ‡ãŠãâ ÔÌãØãÃËãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý ¦ãõÔãããäÞã ‡ãðŠãä½ãÖãè
¶ãÀ‡ãŠãèâ ý Ëãñߦãì ÏËãÜãñ (Ôãâ¦ããñÓã ½ãããä¶ã¦ããñ) ýý8ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¶ãÀ‡ãŠ ÔÌãØãìà ý ¶ãÌÖñ ¹ãã¹ã¹ã쥾ã¼ããØãì ý •ãñ ªãñÖãèâ Ÿã¾ããèâ ÔãìŒã¼ããñØãì ý ‡ãŠã½ããÞãããäÞã
¦ããñ ýý9ýý ¾ãã‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñâ ‡ãŠã½ãñâ ý Ô¨ããè¹ãìÀìÓã¾ãìؽãñâ ý ãä½ãߦããè ¦ãñ©ã •ã¶½ãñ ý ‚ããÜãÌãñâ •ãØã ýý310ýý ‚ãããä¥ã •ãñâ •ãñâ ‚ããä¼ãËãÓãñâ (ƒÞœñ¶ãñâ, ½ã¶ããñÀ©ãã¶ãñâ)
ý ÔÌãã©ããÃËãØããèâ Öñâ ¹ããñÓãñ ý ¹ããŸãèâ ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀ̪ñÓãñâ ý ‡ãŠã½ããäÞã ¶ããÎããè ýý11ýý †Ìãâ ‡ãŠã½ããÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý •ãØãã ½ãîßãäÞã ‚ãã¶ã ¶ããÖãèâ ý †ñÔãñâ
ºããñ˦ããè ¹ããÖãèâ ý ‚ããÔãìÀ Øãã ¦ãñ ýý12ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ‚ãÔããñ Öñâ ãä‡ãŠ¡ãß (Öãè¶ã,ãä¶ã⪿ã, Œããñ›ñâ) ý ºããñËãè ¶ã ‡ãŠÀîâ ¹ãÜãß ý ÔããâØã¦ããâãäÞã Ôã¹ãŠãñË ý Öãñ¦ãÔãñ
ÌããÞãã ýý13ýý
†¦ããâ ªðãäÓ›½ãÌãÓ›¼¾ã ¶ãӛ㦽ãã¶ããñçʹãºã죪¾ã: ý ¹ãƼãÌ㶦¾ãìØãƇ㊽ããÃ¥ã: àã¾ãã¾ã •ãØã¦ããñçãäÖ¦ãã: ýý9ýý
‚ãããä¥ã ƒÃÏÌãÀããäÞã¾ãã Œãâ¦ããè (¨ããÔã, ãä¦ã›‡ãŠãÀã) ý ¶ãìÔããä£ã¾ãããäÞã ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããè Þããâ©ããè ý ÖñâÖãè ¶ããÖãèâ ãäÞã§ããèâ ý ãä¶ãÏÞã¾ããñ †‡ãìŠ ýý14ýý ãä‡ã⊺ãÖì¶ãã
„Üã¡ ý ‚ããâØããè Ëã…ãä¶ã¾ããâ ¹ããŒããâ¡ ý ¶ãããäÔ¦ã‡ãŠ¹ã¥ããÞãñâ Öã¡ ý ÀãñâãäÌãËñâ •ããèÌããèâ ýý15ýý ¦ãñ Ìãñßãèâ ÔÌãØããÃËãØããèâ ‚ããªÀì ý ‡ãŠãâ ¶ãÀ‡ãŠãÞãã
‚㡪Àì ý ¾ãã ÌããÔã¶ããâÞãã ‚ãâ‡ãìŠÀì ý •ãßãñãä¶ã ØãñËã ýý16ýý ½ãØã ‡ãñŠÌãß ¾ãñ ªñÖŒããñ¡ãâ ý ‚ã½ãñ£¾ããñª‡ãŠãÞãã ºã졺ãì¡ã ý ãäÌãÓã¾ã¹ãâ‡ãŠãèâ ÔãìÖã¡ã
(Ôãìתã, ‚ã•ãìöãã) ý ºãì¡ãËñ Øãã ýý17ýý •ãõâ ‚ãã›ãÌãñâ Öãñ¦ããè •ãßÞãÀ ý ¦ãõâ ¡ãñÖãèâ ãä½ãߦããè ¤ãèÌãÀ ý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ã¡ãÌãñâ Öãñ¾ã ÎãÀãèÀ ý ¦ãõâ ÀãñØãã „ª¾ããñ
ýý18ýý „ªõ•ã¥ãñâ ‡ãñŠ¦ãîÞãñâ •ãõÔãñâ ý ãäÌãÏÌãã ‚ããä¶ãÓ›ãñªáªñÎãñâ (‚ã‡ãŠÊ¾ãã¥ãã©ãÃ) ý •ã¶½ã¦ããè ¦ãñ ¦ãõÔãñ ý Ëãñ‡ãŠãâ ‚ãã›ìâ ýý19ýý ãäÌãÀî¤ãä˾ãã ‚ãÎãì¼ã ý
¹ã슛¦ããè ¦ãõâ ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãñâ¼ã ý ¹ãã¹ããÞãñ ‡ãŠãèãä¦ãÃÔ¦ãâ¼ã ý Þãã˦ãñ ¦ãñ ýý320ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ½ããØããâ¹ãì¤ãâ •ããߥãñâ ý ÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ‚ããØããè ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ
ãäÌãÀ죪ãäÞã †‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ ý ¼ã˦ãñ¾ããâ ýý21ýý ¹ãÀãè ¦ãñâãäÞã Øãã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ ý ‚ããªãäÀ¦ããè Ôãâ¼ãƽãñâ (¦ã¾ããÀãè¶ãñâ, Ôã½ããÀâ¼ãã¶ãñâ) •ãñ¥ãñâ ý ¦ããñ ‚ãããä¾ã‡ãŠ ¹ãã©ããÃ
½Ö¥ãñ Ñããèãä¶ãÌããÔãì ýý22ýý

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 13

‡ãŠã½ã½ãããäÑ㦾㠪ìÓ¹ãîÀâ ª½¼ã½ãã¶ã½ãªããä¶Ìã¦ãã: ý ½ããñÖãªáØãðÖãè¦ÌããÔãªáØãÆãÖã¶ãá ¹ãÆÌã¦ãö¦ãñçÎãìãäÞãÌãƦãã: ýý10ýý
¦ãÀãè •ããß ¹ãããä¥ã¾ãñ⠶㠼ãÀñ ý ‚ããØããè ƒâ£ã¶ã ¶ã ¹ãìÀñ ý ¦ã¾ããâ ªì¼ãÃÀãâãäÞã¾ãñ £ãìÀñ ý ¼ãì‡ãŠãßì •ããñ ýý23ýý ¦ã¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ããÞãã ÌããñËãÌãã (ãä•ãÌÖãßã) ý
•ããèÌããèâ £ãÀîãä¶ã ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý ªâ¼ã½ãã¶ããÞãã ½ãñßãÌãã ý ½ãñßãäÌã¦ããè ýý24ýý ½ãã¦ããä˾ãã ‡ãì⊕ãÀã ý ‚ããØãßãè •ããËãè ½ããäªÀã ý ¦ãõÔããÞãã ½ãªãÞãã
¦ããŸã ¦ãâÌã •ãÀã ý Þ㤦ããâ ‚ããâØããèâ ýý25ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããØãÆÖã ¦ããñãäÞã ŸãÌããñ ý ÌãÀãè ½ããõ¤¿ãã†ñÔãã ÔããÌããÌããñ ý ½ãØã ‡ãŠã¾ã Ìãã¶ãîâ ãä¶ãÌããÃÖãñ ý
ãä¶ãÏÞã¾ããÞãã ýý26ýý ãä•ãÖãèâ ¹ãÀãñ¹ã¦ãã¹ãì (ªìÔãžããÔã ªì:Œã) Üã¡ñ ý ¹ãÀãÌãã •ããèÌãì ÀØã¡ñ ý ãä¦ãÖãè⠇㊽ããèà Öãñ…ãä¶ã Øãã¤ñ ý •ã¶½ãÌãð§ããè ýý27ýý ½ãØã
‚ãã¹ãìËñâ ‡ãñŠËñâ ¹ãŠãñ‡ãŠããäÀ¦ããè ý ‚ãããä¥ã •ãØãã¦ãñâ ãä£ã‡ãኇãŠããäÀ¦ããè ý ªãÖãè ãäªÎããèâ ¹ãÔããäÀ¦ããè ý Ô¹ãðÖã•ããß ýý28ýý †ñÔãñãä¶ã Øãã ‚ãã›ãñ¹ãñâ ý ©ããñãäÀ¾ãñâ
‚ãã¥ã¦ããè ¹ãã¹ãñâ ý £ã½ãããñ¶ãì (ªñÌããËã Ôããñ¡ËñËãè Øãã¾ã) ŒãìÀ¹ãñâ ý Ôãì›Ëñâ •ãõÔãñâ ýý29ýý
ãäÞ㶦ãã½ã¹ããäÀ½ãñ¾ããâ Þã ¹ãÆ˾ã㶦ãã½ãì¹ãããäÑã¦ãã: ý ‡ãŠã½ããñ¹ã¼ããñØã¹ãÀ½ãã †¦ããÌããäªãä¦ã ãä¶ããäÏÞã¦ãã: ýý11ýý
¾ãããäÞã ¾ãñ‡ãŠã ‚ãã¾ã¦ããè ý ¦ã¾ãããäÞã¾ã㠇㊽ãùãÆÌãð§ããè ý ‚ãããä¥ã ãä•ããä¥ã¾ããÖãè (Ôãã£ã¶ãã¶ãñâ, ¦ã¾ããÀãè¶ãñâ) ¹ãÀãõ¦ããè ý ÌããÖ¦ããè ãäÞãâ¦ãã ýý330ýý ¹ãã¦ããßãÖîãä¶ã
ãä¶ã½¶ã ý ãä•ã¾ãñãäÞã¾ãñ „âÞããè¾ãñ Ôãã¶ãñâ ØãØã¶ã ý •ãñâ ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ã ý ‚ã¥ãìÖãè ¶ããñÖñ ýý31ýý ¦ãñ ¾ããñØã¹ã›ãÞããè ½ãÌã¥ããè ý •ããèÌããèâ ‚ããä¶ã¾ã½ã
ãäÞãâ¦ãÌã¥ããè ý •ãñ Ôããâ¡îâ ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ½ãÀ¥ããèâ ý ÌãÊ˼ãã •ãõÔããè ýý32ýý ¦ãõÔããè ãäÞãâ¦ãã ‚ã¹ããÀ ý Ìãã¤ãäÌã¦ããè ãä¶ãÀâ¦ãÀ ý •ããèÌããèâ Ôãîãä¶ã ‚ãÔããÀ ý
ãäÌãÓã¾ããã䪇㊠ýý33ýý ãäÔ¨ã¾ãã ØããƒËñâ ‚ãデãŠãÌãñâ ý Ô¨ããèÀî¹ã ¡ãñßãâ ªñŒããÌãñâ ý ÔãÌãñÃã䶪ƾãñâ ‚ãããäËâØããÌãñâ ý ãäÔ¨ã¾ãñ¦ãñâÞããè ýý34ýý ‡ãìŠÀÌãâ¡ãè
(‚ããñÌããߥããè) ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ‚ã½ãð¦ãñâ ý †ñÔãñâ ÔãìŒã ãäÔ¨ã¾ãñ¹ãÀãõ¦ãñâ ý ¶ããÖãèâãäÞã ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ãäÞã§ãñâ ý ãä¶ãÏÞã¾ããñ ‡ãñŠËã ýý35ýý ½ãØã ¦ã¾ãããäÞã Ô¨ããè¼ããñØãã- ý
ËãØããèâ ¹ãã¦ããß ÔÌãØããà ý £ããâÌã¦ããè ãäªãäØÌã¼ããØãã- ý ¹ãÀãõ¦ãñÖãè ýý36ýý
‚ããÎãã¹ããÎãÎã¦ãõºããªã: ‡ãŠã½ã‡ãÆŠãñ£ã¹ãÀã¾ã¥ãã: ý ƒÃÖ¶¦ãñ ‡ãŠã½ã¼ããñØãã©ãý㶾ãã¾ãñ¶ã©ãÃÔãâÞã¾ãã¶ãá ýý12ýý
‚ãããä½ãÓã‡ãŠÌãßì ©ããñÀãè ‚ããÎãã ý ¶ã ãäÌãÞãããäÀ¦ããâ ãäØãßãè ½ããÔãã ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ãäÌãÓã¾ããÎãã ý ¦ã¾ããâãäÔã Øãã ýý37ýý Ìããâã䜦㠦ãâÌ㠶㠹ãÌã¦ããè ý ½ãØã
‡ãŠãñÀãã䡾ãñãäÞã ‚ããÎãñÞããè Ôãâ¦ã¦ããè ý Ìã㤅â Ìã㤅â Öãñ¦ããè ý ‡ãŠãñÎããä‡ãŠ¡ñ (‡ãŠãñÎãÌããÔããè ãä‡ãŠ¡ã, ‡ãŠãñÔãËã) ýý38ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÔããäÀËã ‚ããä¼ãËãÓãì ý
‚ã¹ãî¥ãìà Öãñ¾ã ¦ããñãäÞã ̪ñÓãì ý †Ìãâ ‡ãŠã½ã‡ãÆŠãñ£ããâÖîãä¶ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãìŠ ý ¹ãìÀìÓãã©ãÃì ¶ããÖãèâ ýý39ýý ãäªÖã ŒããñË¥ãñâ Àã¨ããèâ •ããØããñÌãã ý Ÿã¥ããâ¦ããäÀ¾ããâ
(ªñÌã¡ãèÌããʾããËã, ÔÌããÀãËã) •ãõÔãã ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý ‚ãÖãñÀã¨ããèâÖãè ãäÌãÔããâÌãã ý ¼ãñ›ñãäÞã¶ãã ýý340ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ „âÞããõãä¶ã Ëãñãä›Ëñâ ‡ãŠã½ãñâ ý ¶ãñÖ›¦ããè
‡ãÆŠãñ£ãããäÞã¾ãñ ¤ñ½ãñ ý ¦ãÀãè ÀãØã̪ñÓã ¹ãÆñ½ãñâ ý ¶ã ½ãã¦ããè ‡ãñâŠÖãèýý41ýý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã •ããèÌããèâãäÞã¾ãã ÖãâÌãã ý ãäÌãÓã¾ãÌããÔã¶ããâÞãã ½ãñßãÌãã ý ‡ãñŠËã ¹ãÀãè ¦ããñ
Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 14
¼ããñØããÌãã ý ‚ã©ãñà ‡ãŠãèâ ¶ãã?ýý42ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¼ããñØããÌã¾ãã•ããñØãã ý ¹ãìÀ¦ãã ‚ã©ãìà ¹ãõâ Øãã ý ‚ãã¥ããÌã¾ãã •ãØãã ý ¢ããñâºã¦ããè ÔãõÀã (¾ã©ãñÞœ, ÖÌãñ¦ãÔãñâ)
ýý43ýý †‡ãŠã¦ãñâ Ôãã£ãîãä¶ã ½ãããäÀ¦ããè ý †‡ãŠããäÞã ÔãÌãÃÔÌãñâ ÖãäÀ¦ããè ý †‡ãŠãËãØããèâ „¼ãããäÀ¦ããè ý ‚ã¹ãã¾ã¾ãâ¨ãñâ ýý44ýý ¹ãããäÎã‡ãñ⊠¹ããñ¦ããèâ ÌããØãìÀã ý
Ôãì¥ããè ÔãÔãã¥ãñ ãäÞã‡ãŠã›ãè ŒããñâÞããÀã ý Üãñ…ãä¶ã ãä¶ãÜã¦ããè ¡ãñâØãÀã ý ¹ããÀ£ããè •ãõÔãñ ýý45ýý ¦ãñ ¹ããñÔããÌã¾ãã ¹ããñ› ý ½ããÀîãä¶ã ¹ãÆããä¥ã¾ããâÞãñ ÔãâÜãã›
(Ôã½ãìªã¾ã) ý ‚ãããä¥ã¦ããè †ñÔãñâ ãä¶ã‡ãðŠÓ› ý ¦ãñâÖãè ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããè ýý46ýý ¹ãÀ¹ãÆã¥ãÜãã¦ãñâ ý ½ãñßãäÌã¦ããè ãäÌã§ãñâ ý ãä½ãßãʾãã ãäÞã§ãñâ ý ¦ããñÓã¥ãñâ ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ýý47ýý
ƒª½ãª¿ã ½ã¾ãã ˺£ããä½ãªâ ¹ãÆã¹Ô¾ãñ ½ã¶ããñÀ©ã½ãá ý ƒª½ãÔ¦ãã誽ããä¹ã ½ãñ ¼ããäÌãÓ¾ããä¦ã ¹ãì¶ã£ãöã½ãá ýý13ýý
½Ö¥ãñ ‚ãããä•ã ãä½ã¾ããâ ý Ôãâ¹ããä§ã ºãÖì¦ãñ‡ãŠãâãäÞã¾ãã ý ‚ãã¹ãìʾãã Öã¦ããèâ ‡ãñŠãä˾ãã ý £ã¶¾ãì ¶ãã ½ããè?ýý48ýý †ñÔãã ÏËãÜããñâ (¹ãÆãõ¤ãè ãä½ãÀÌãîâ ËãØã¦ããñ) •ãâÌã
•ãã¾ãñ ý ¦ãâÌã ½ã¶ã ‚ãã¥ããè‡ãŠÖãè ºããÖñ ý ÔãÌãñâãäÞã ½Ö¥ãñ ¹ããÖñ ý ‚ãããä¥ã‡ãŠãâÞãñâÖãè ‚ãã¥ãîâ ýý49ýý Öñâ •ãñ¦ãìËñâ ‚ãÔãñ •ããñãä¡Ëñâ ý ¦ã¾ããÞãñãä¶ã ¼ããâ¡ÌãËñâ ý
Ëã¼ãã ÜãñƒÃ¶ã „ÀËñâ ý ÞãÀãÞãÀ Öñâ ýý350ýý †ñÔãñãä¶ã £ã¶ãã ãäÌãÏÌãããäÞã¾ãã ý ½ããèãäÞã ÖãñƒÃ¶ã ÔÌãããä½ã¾ãã ý ½ãØã ã䪟ãè ¹ã¡ñ ¦ã¾ãã ý „Àãñâ ¶ãñªãè
ýý51ýý
‚ãÔããõ ½ã¾ãã Ö¦ã: Îã¨ãìÖÃãä¶ãÓ¾ãñ Þãã¹ãÀã¶ããä¹ã ý ƒÃÏÌãÀãñçÖ½ãÖâ ¼ããñØããè ãäÔ㣪ãñçÖâ ºãËÌãã¶ãá ÔãìŒããè ýý14ýý
Öñ ½ãããäÀËñ ÌãõÀãè ©ããñ¡ñ ý ‚ãã¥ããè‡ãŠÖãè Ôãã£ããè¶ã (½ããÀãè¶ã) Øãã¤ñâ ý ½ãØã ¶ããâªñ¶ã ¹ãÌãã¡ñâ ý ¾ãñ‡ãŠËããäÞã ½ããè ýý52ýý ½ãØã ½ãã¢ããè Öãñ¦ããèË ‡ãŠã½ããÀãèâ
ý ãä¦ã¾ãñâÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ¾ãñÀñâ ½ããÀãèâ ý ãä‡ã⊺ãÖì¶ãã ÞãÀãÞãÀãèâ ý ƒÃÏÌãÀì ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý53ýý ½ããè ¼ããñØã¼ãî½ããèÞãã ÀãÌããñ ý ‚ãããä•ã ÔÌãØãÃÔãìŒããÔããè ŸãÌããñ ý
½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ƒâªÆìÖãè ÌããÌããñ (̾ã©ãÃ) ý ½ãã¦ãñâ ¹ãããÖîãä¶ã ýý54ýý ½ããè ½ã¶ãñâ ÌããÞãã ªñÖñâ ý ‡ãŠÀãèâ ¦ãñâ ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ¶ããñÖñ ý ‡ãñ⊠½ã•ãÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ‚ããÖñ ý ‚ãã—ãããäÔ㣪
‚ãã¶ã ?ýý55ýý ¦ãâÌããäÞã ºããäß¾ãã ‡ãŠãßì ý •ãâÌã ¶ã ãäªÔãñâ ½ããè ‚ã¦ãìºãÃßì (½ãÖãºãËÌãã¶ã) ý ÔãìŒããÞãã ‡ãŠãèÀ ãä¶ããäŒãßì ý ÀããäÔãÌãã ½ããèãäÞã ýý56ýý
‚ã㤿ããñçãä¼ã•ã¶ãÌãã¶ããäԽ㠇ãŠãñ綾ããñçãäÔ¦ã ÔãªðÎããñ ½ã¾ãã ý ¾ãà¾ãñ ªãÔ¾ãããä½ã ½ããñãäªÓ¾ã ƒ¦¾ã—ãã¶ããäÌã½ããñãäÖ¦ãã: ýý15ýý
‡ã슺ãñÀì ‚ãããä©ãËã Öãñ¾ãñ ý ¹ãÀãè ¦ããñ ¶ãñ¥ãñ ½ãã¢ããè Ôããñ¾ãñ ý Ôãâ¹ã§ããè ½ã•ãÔã½ã ¶ãÌÖñ ý Ñããè¶ãã©ããÖãè (ãäÌãÓ¥ãîËããäÖ) ýý57ýý ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ‡ãìŠßãÞãã „•ããßî
ý ‡ãŠãâ •ãããä¦ãØããñ¦ããâÞãã ½ãñß ý ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ºãƽÖãÖãè Ößî ý „¥ãããäÞã ãäªÔãñ ýý58ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ãä½ãÀãäÌã¦ããè ¶ããâÌãñâ ý Ìãã¾ããâ ƒÃÏÌãÀããäª ‚ããÜãÌãñ ý ¶ããÖãèâ
½ã•ãÔããèâ ÔãÀãè ¹ããÌãñ ý †ñÔãñâ ‡ãŠãñ¥Öãè ýý59ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ Ëãñ¹ãËã ‚ããä¼ãÞããÀì ý ¦ã¾ãã ‡ãŠÀãè¶ã ½ããè •ããè¥ããñãªãÀì ý ¹ãÆãä¦ãÓŸãè¶ã ¹ãÀ½ããÀì (Ëãñ‡ãŠãâÔã ¹ããè¡ã
‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñ) ý ¾ããØãÌãÀãè ýý360ýý ½ãã¦ãñâ Øãã¦ããè Ìãããä¶ã¦ããè ý ¶ã›¶ããÞãñâ ãäÀ¢ããäÌã¦ããè ý ¦ã¾ããâ ªñƒÃ¶ã ½ããØã¦ããè ý ¦ãñ ¦ãñ ÌãÔ¦ãì ýý61ýý ½ãããä•ãÀã

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 15

‚㶶ã¹ãã¶ããèâ ý ¹ãƽãªãâÞ¾ãã ‚ãããäËâØã¶ããèâ ý ½ããè ÖãñƒÃ¶ã ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ããèâ ý ‚ãã¶ãâªã‡ãŠÀì ýý62ýý ‡ãŠã¾ã ºãÖî ÔããâØããñâ †ñÔãñâ ý ¦ãñ ‚ããÔãìÀãè¹ãƇãðŠ¦ããè ãä¹ãÔãñâ ý
¦ãìÀâãäºã¦ããè ‚ãÔããñÔãñâ (‚ã¹ããäÀãä½ã¦ã ƒÞœñ¶ãñâ) ý ØãØã¶ããõßñâ ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ýý63ýý
‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠãäÞã§ããäÌã¼ãÆ㶦ãã ½ããñÖ•ããËÔã½ããÌãð¦ãã: ý ¹ãÆÔã§ãŠã: ‡ãŠã½ã¼ããñØãñÓãì ¹ã¦ãã䶦㠶ãÀ‡ãñŠçÎãìÞããõ ýý16ýý
•ÌãÀãÞãñãä¶ã ‚ãã›ãñ¹ãñâ ý ÀãñØããè ¼ã˦ãõÔãñâ •ãʹãñ ý ÞããÌãߦããè (ºãÀߦãã¦ã) Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ãñâ ý •ãã¥ã¦ãñ ¦ãõÔãñâ ýý64ýý ‚ã—ãã¶ã ‚ãã¦ãìËñ £ãìßãè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
‚ããÎãã ÌããÖ›ìßãè ý ¼ããñÌãâ¡ãè•ã¦ããè ‚ãâ¦ãÀãßãèâ ý ½ã¶ããñÀ©ããâÞ¾ãã ýý65ýý ‚ããä¶ã¾ã½ã ‚ããÓã㤠½ãñÜã ý ‡ãŠãâ Ôã½ãìªÆãñ½ããèà ‚ã¼ãâØã ý ¦ãõÔãñ ‡ãŠããä½ã¦ããè
‚ã¶ãñÜã ý ‚ãŒãâ¡ ‡ãŠã½ã ýý66ýý ½ãØã ¹ãõâ ‡ãŠã½ã¶ãããäÞã ¦ã¾ããâ ý •ããèÌããèâ •ããʾãã ÌãñËãäÀ¾ãã (ÌãñËãèÞ¾ãã •ããß¿ãã) ý ÌããñÀãä¹ãËãè ‡ãŠãâã䛾ãã ý ‡ãŠ½ãßñâ
•ãõÔããèâ ýý67ýý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ããÓãã¥ãããäÞã¾ãã ½ãã©ããâ ý Öãâ¡ãè ¹ã슛Ëãè ¹ãã©ããà ý •ããèÌããè ¦ãõÔãñâ ÔãÌãéãã ý ‡ã슛‡ãñŠ •ããËñ ýý68ýý ¦ãñÌÖãâ Þã¤ãä¦ã¾ãñ À•ã¶ããè ý
¦ã½ããÞããè Öãñ¾ã ¹ãìÀÌã¥ããè ý ¦ãõÔãã ½ããñÖãñ ‚ãâ¦ã:‡ãŠÀ¥ããèâ ý Ìãã¤ãñãäÞã ËãØãñ ýý69ýý ‚ãããä¥ã Ìãã¤ñ •ãâÌã •ãâÌã ½ããñÖãñ ý ¦ãâÌã ¦ãâÌã ãäÌãÓã¾ããèâ ÀãñÖãñ (Ìãðã䣪,
Ìãã¤) ý ãäÌãÓã¾ã ¦ãñ©ã ŸãÌããñ ý ¹ãã¦ã‡ãŠãÔããè ýý370ýý ¹ãã¹ãñâ ‚ãã¹ãËñãä¶ã ©ããâÌãñâ ý •ãâÌã ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããè ½ãñßãÌãñ ý ¦ãâÌã ãä•ã¦ããâãäÞã ‚ããÜãÌãñ ý ¾ãñ¦ããè ¶ãÀ‡ãŠãâ
ýý71ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã Øãã Ôãì½ã¦ããè ý •ãñ ‡ã슽ã¶ããñÀ©ããâ ¹ãããäߦããè ý ¦ãñ ‚ããÔãìÀ ¾ãñ¦ããè ÌãÔ¦ããè ý ¦ã¾ãã Ÿã¾ãã ýý72ýý •ãñ©ã ‚ããäÔã¹ã¨ã¦ãÀìÌãÀ ý
ŒããäªÀãâØããÀãÞãñ ¡ãñâØãÀ ý ¦ãã¦ãËã (¦ãã¹ãËñʾãã) ¦ãñËãèâ ÔããØãÀ ý „¦ã¦ãã¦ããè ýý73ýý •ãñ©ã ¾ãã¦ã¶ããâÞããè Ñãñ¥ããè ý Öñ ãä¶ã¦¾ã ¶ãÌããè ¾ã½ã•ããÞã¥ããè ý
¹ã¡¦ããè ãä¦ã¾ãñ ªãÀì¥ããèâ ý ¶ãÀ‡ãŠËãñ‡ãŠãèâ ýý74ýý †ñÔãñ ¶ãÀ‡ãŠããäÞã¾ãñ ÎãñËñ ý ¼ããØããèâ •ãñ •ãñ •ã¶½ãËñ ý ¦ãñÖãè ªñŒããñâ ¼ãìËËñ ý ¾ããä•ã¦ããè ¾ããØããèâ
ýý75ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ¾ããØããã䪇㊠ãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãã ý ‚ããÖã¥ã¦ãñÞããè £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ãã ý ¹ãÀãè ãäÌã¹ãŠß¦ããè ‚ããÞãÀãñãä¶ã¾ããâ ý ¶ã㛇ãŠãè •ãõÔãñ ýý76ýý ÌãÊ˼ãããäÞã¾ãã
„•ããäÀ¾ãã (‚ããÑã¾ããËã) ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¾ãã¹ãÆãä¦ã ‡ãìŠãäÔ¨ã¾ãã ý •ããñ¡ãñãä¶ã ¦ããñãäÓã¦ããè •ãõãäÔã¾ãã ý ‚ãÖñÌã¹ã¥ãñâ ýý77ýý
‚ã㦽ãÔãâ¼ãããäÌã¦ãã: Ԧ㺣ãã £ã¶ã½ãã¶ã½ãªããä¶Ìã¦ãã: ý ¾ã•ã¶¦ãñ ¶ãã½ã¾ã—ãõÔ¦ãñ ªâ¼ãñ¶ãããäÌããä£ã¹ãîÌãÇ㊽ãá ýý17ýý
¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¾ããâ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ý ½ãããä¶ã¦ãã ½ãÖâ¦ã¹ã¥ã ý ¹ãìŠØã¦ããè ‚ãÔãã£ããÀ¥ã (ãäÌãËàã¥ã, ‚ããä¦ãÎã¾ã) ý ØãÌãñà ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ýý78ýý ½ãØã ËÌããñâ ¶ãñ¥ã¦ããè ‡ãõŠÔãñ
‚ãããä›Ìãã ËãñÖãÞãñ Œããâºã •ãõÔãñ ý ‡ãŠãâ „£ãÌãËñ ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎãñâ ý ÎããèßãÀãÎããè ýý79ýý ¦ãõÔãñ ‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ãñ ºãÀÌãñ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ããäÞã ãäÀ¢ã¦ããâ •ããèÌãñâ ý
¦ãð¥ããÖãèÖîãä¶ã ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý ½ãããä¶ã¦ããè ¶ããèÞã ýý380ýý ÌãÀãè £ã¶ãããäÞã¾ãã ½ããäªÀã ý ½ãã•ãîãä¶ã £ã¶ãì£ãÃÀã ý ‡ãðŠ¦¾ãã‡ãðŠ¦¾ããäÌãÞããÀã ý ÔãÌã¦ãñâ ‡ãñŠËñâ
ýý81ýý •ã¾ãã ‚ããâØããèâ ‚ãã¾ã¦ããè (Ôãã½ãìØãÆãè, ¦ã¾ããÀãè) †ñÔããè ý ¦ãñ©ã ¾ã—ããÞããè ØããñŸãè ‡ãŠã¾ãÔããè ý ¦ãÀãè ‡ãŠã¾ã ‡ãŠã¾ã ãä¹ãÔããèâ ý ¶ã ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããè Øãã?ýý82ýý
½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ãñ †‡ãñŠ Ìãñßñ ý ½ããõ¤¿ã½ãª¿ããÞãñãä¶ã ºãßñâ ý ¾ããØããÞããèâÖãè ›Ìããßñâ ý ‚ããªãäÀ¦ããè ýý83ýý ¶ãã ‡ãì⊡ ½ã⡹ã Ìãñªãèâ ý ¶ãã „ãäÞã¦ã

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 16

Ôãã£ã¶ãÔã½ãð£ªãè ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ã¾ããâÔããè ¦ãâÌã ãäÌã£ããè ý ̪â̪ãäÞã Ôãªã (Ìãõ½ã¶ãÔ¾ã, ªì¹ãŠßãè) ýý84ýý ªñÌããâ ºãÆã½Ö¥ããâÞãñãä¶ã ¶ããâÌãñâ ý ‚ãã¡ÌããÀñ¶ããäÖ
¶ããñÖãÌãñâ ý †ñÔãñâ ‚ãã©ããè ¦ãñ©ã ¾ããÌãñâ ý ËãØãñ ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã?ýý85ýý ¹ãõâ ÌããÔãÀìÌããÞãã ¼ããñ‡ãŠÔãã ý ØããƒÃ¹ãì¤ñâ ŸñÌãîãä¶ã •ãÔãã ý „Øãã¥ãã Üãñ¦ããè àããèÀÀÔãã ý
ºãìã䣪Ìãâ¦ã ýý86ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¾ããØããÞãñãä¶ã ¶ããâÌãñâ ý •ãØã Ìãã…ãä¶ã ÖãâÌãñâ ý ¶ããØããäÌã¦ããè ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý ‚ãÖñÀãÌããÀãèâ ýý87ýý †ñÎãã ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ãã ý
Öãñãä½ã¦ããè •ãñ „•ããäÀ¾ãã ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ‡ãŠããä½ã¦ããè (ƒÞœã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã) ¹ãÆããä¥ã¾ãã ý ÔãÌãöããÎãì ýý88ýý
‚ãÖâ‡ãŠãÀâ ºãËâ ª¹ãýãá ‡ãŠã½ãâ ‡ãÆŠãñ£ãâ Þã ÔãâãäÑã¦ãã: ý ½ãã½ã㦽ã¹ãÀªñÖñÓãì ¹ãÆãä̪Ó㶦ããñç¼¾ãÔãî¾ã‡ãŠã: ýý18ýý
½ãØã ¹ãì¤ãâ ¼ãñÀãè ãä¶ãÎãã¥ã ý Ëㄶããè ¦ãñ ªãèãäàã¦ã¹ã¥ã ý •ãØããèâ ¹ãŠãñ‡ãŠããäÀ¦ããè ‚ãã¥ã ý ÌããÌããñ ÌããÌããñ ýý89ýý ¦ãñÌÖãâ ½ãÖ¦Ìãñâ ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ‚ã£ã½ãã ý ØãÌããÃ
Þã¤ñ ½ããäÖ½ãã ý •ãõÔãñ ËñÌãñ ã䪣ãËñ ¦ã½ãã ý ‡ãŠã•ãßãÞãñ ýý390ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ½ããõ¤¿ã Üã¥ããÌãñ (ªð¤ Öãñ¦ãñâ) ý ‚ããõ£ª¦¾ã „âÞããÌãñ ý ‚ãÖâ‡ãŠãÀì ªì¥ããÌãñ ý
‚ããäÌãÌãñ‡ãìŠÖãè ýý91ýý ½ãØã ªì•ã¾ããÞããè ¼ããÓã ý ¶ãìÀÌããÌã¾ãã ãä¶ã:ÎãñÓã ý ºãßãè¾ãñ¹ã¥ãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ý Öãñ¾ã ºãß ýý92ýý †ñÔãã ‚ãÖâ‡ãŠãÀ ºãßã ý
•ãããä˾ãã †‡ãŠÌãßã ý ª¹ãÃÔããØãÀì Ìãñßã ý Ôããâ¡îãä¶ã „¦ãñ ýý93ýý ½ãØã ÌããñÔãâãä¡Ëñãä¶ã (‚ããä¦ãÎã¾ã ¼ãÀì¶ã ÌããÖ¥ããžãã) ª¹ãñà ý ‡ãŠã½ããÖãè ãä¹ã§ã ‡ãìŠÀì¹ãñ ý
¦ã¾ãã £ãØããèâ ÔãõâÜã ¹ããäß¹ãñ ý ‡ãÆŠãñ£ãããäض㠦ããñ ýý94ýý ¦ãñ©ã „¶Öãßã ‚ããØããè ŒãÀ½ãÀã ý ¦ãñËã¦ãì¹ãããäÞã¾ãã ‡ãŠãñŸãÀã ý ËãØãËã ‚ãããä¥ã ÌããÀã ý
Ôãì›Ëã •ãõÔãã ýý95ýý ¦ãõÔãã ‚ãÖâ‡ãŠãÀì ºãßã ‚ããËã ý ª¹ãìà ‡ãŠã½ã‡ãÆŠãñ£ããèâ Øãî¤Ëã ý ¾ãã ªãñÖãèâÞãã ½ãñßì •ããËã ý •ã¾ããâÞ¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ ýý96ýý ¦ãñ
‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ããÔãÌãñÎãã (ƒÞœñ¹ãƽãã¥ãñâ) ý ½ãØã ‡ãŠãñ¥ããè ‡ãŠãñ¥ããè ãäÖâÔãã ý ¾ãã ¹ãÆããä¥ã¾ãã¦ãñâ ÌããèÀñÎãã ý ¶ã Ôãããä£ã¦ããè Øãã?ýý97ýý ¹ããäÖËñâ ¦ãâÌã £ã¶ãì£ãÃÀã ý
‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ãã ½ããâÔãÀìãä£ãÀã ý ÌãñâÞãì ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããè ‚ããä¼ãÞããÀã- ý ËãØããñãä¶ã¾ãã ýý98ýý ¦ãñ©ã •ãããäߦããè ãä•ã¾ãñâ ªñÖñâ ý ¾ãã½ãã•ããèâ •ããñ ½ããè ‚ããÖñâ ý ¦ã¾ãã
‚ã㦽ã¾ãã ½ã•ã Üãã¾ãñ ý Ìãã•ã¦ããè ¦ãñ ýý99ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããä¼ãÞããÀ‡ãŠãèâ ãä¦ãÖãèâ ý „¹ãªÆÌããè•ãñ •ãñ¦ãìËñâ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ¦ãñ©ã Þãõ¦ã¶¾ã ½ããè ¹ããÖãèâ ý Ôããè¥ãì ¹ããÌãñ
ýý400ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ããä¼ãÞããÀãÌãñØãßñâ ý ãäÌã¹ãã¾ãñâ •ãñ ‚ãÌãØãßñ (ºãÞããÌã¦ãñâ, ÌãñØãßñâ ÀãÖ¦ãñâ) ý ¦ã¾ãã ›ããä‡ãŠ¦ããè ƒ›ãßñâ ý ¹ãõÎãããÞããèâ ý1ýý Ôã¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã
Ô㦹ãìÀìŒã ý ªã¶ãÎããèß ¾ãããä—ã‡ãŠ ý ¦ã¹ãÔÌããè ‚ãËãõãä‡ãŠ‡ãŠ ý ÔãⶾããÔããè •ãñ ýý2ýý ‡ãŠãâ ¼ã§ãŠ ֶ㠽ãÖ㦽ãñ ý ƒ¾ãñâ ½ãã•ããèâ ãä¶ã•ããÞããèâ £ãã½ãñâ ý
ãä¶ãÌããÃßËãèâ Öãñ½ã£ã½ãñà ý Ñããõ¦ããã䪇ãŠãèâ ýý3ýý ¦ã¾ããâ ̪ñÓããÞãñãä¶ã ‡ãŠã߇ãñâ ý ºããÔã›ãñãä¶ã ãä¦ãŒã›ñâ ý ‡ã슺ããñËãâÞããèâ Ô㪛ñâ ý Ôãîãä¦ã (›ãñâÞã¦ãã¦ã,
½ããÀ¦ãã¦ã) ‡ãŠãâ¡ñâ ýý4ýý

¦ãã¶ãÖâ ãä̪Óã¦ã: ‡ãÆîŠÀã¶ãá ÔãâÔããÀñÓãì ¶ãÀã£ã½ãã¶ãá ý ãäàã¹ãã½¾ã•ãÔãƽãÎãì¼ãã¶ããÔãìÀãèÓÌãñÌã ¾ããñãä¶ãÓãì ýý19ýý

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 17

†ñÔãñ ‚ããÜãÌãããäÞã ¹ãÀãè ý ¹ãÆÌã¦ãÃËñ ½ã㢾ãã ÌãõÀãè ý ¦ã¾ããâ ¹ãããä¹ã¾ããâ •ãñâ ½ããè ‡ãŠÀãèâ ý ¦ãñâ ‚ãデ㊠¹ããâ ýý5ýý ¦ãÀãè ½ã¶ãìÓ¾ãªñÖãÞãã ¦ããØãã ý Üãñ…ãä¶ã
ÀìÔã¦ããè (‡ãŠ¦ãÃ̾ã‡ãŠ½ãà ãäÌãÔãÀ¦ãã¦ã) •ãñ •ãØãã ý ¦ãñ ¹ãªÌããè ãäÖÀãñãä¶ã ¹ãõâ Øãã ý †ñÔãñ ŸñÌããè ýý6ýý •ãñ ‡ãáŠËñÎãØããâÌããèâÞãã „‡ãŠÀ¡ã ý ¼ãÌã¹ãìÀãèâÞãã ¹ãã¶ãÌã¡ã ý
¦ãñ ¦ã½ããñ¾ããñãä¶ã ¦ã¾ããâ ½ãî¤ãâ ý Ìãð§ããèãäÞã ªñâ ýý7ýý ½ãØã ‚ããÖãÀãÞãñãä¶ã ¶ããâÌãñâ ý ¦ãð¥ãÖãè •ãñ©ã ¶ãìØãÌãñ ý ¦ãñ ̾ããÜãÆ ÌãðãäÏÞã‡ãŠ ‚ãã¡Ìãñ (‚ãÀ¥¾ãÌããÔããè) ý
¦ãõãäÔã¾ãñ ‡ãŠÀãè ýý8ýý ¦ãñ©ã àãì£ããªì:Œãñâ ºãÖì¦ãñâ ý ¦ããñ¡îãä¶ã Œãã¦ããè ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¾ãã¦ãñâ ý ½ãÀ½ãÀãñâ ½ããØãì¦ãñâ ý Öãñ¦ããäÞã ‚ãÔã¦ããè ýý9ýý ‡ãŠãâ ‚ãã¹ãìËã
ØãÀß•ããßãèâ ý •ãããäߦããè ‚ããâØããÞããè ¹ãñâªßãè ý ¦ãñ Ôã¹ãÃãäÞã ‡ãŠÀãèâ ãäºãßãèâ ý ãä¶ãÀìâ£ãËã ýý410ýý ¹ãÀãè Üãñ¦ãËã ÏÌããÔãì (ÏÌããÔã ºããÖñÀ ›ã‡ãŠ¦ããâ ¾ãñƒÃË
ƒ¦ã‡ãŠã) Üãã¹ãñ ý ¾ãñ¦ãìËñ¶ãÖãè ½ãã¹ãñâ ý ãäÌãÔããâÌãã ¦ã¾ããâ ¶ãã›ãñ¹ãñ ý ªì•ãöããâÔããè ýý11ýý †ñÔãñãä¶ã ‡ãŠÊ¹ããâãäÞã¾ãã ‡ãŠãñ¡ãè ý Øããä¥ã¦ããâÖãè Ôã⌾ãã ©ããñ¡ãè ý
¦ãñ¦ãìËã Ìãñßì ¶ã ‡ãŠã¤ãè ý ‡ãáŠËñÎããõãä¶ã ¦ã¾ããâ ýý12ýý ¦ãÀãè ¦ã¾ããâÔããè •ãñ©ã •ãã¥ãñâ ý ¦ãñãä©ãâÞãñâ Öñâ ¹ããäÖËñâ ¹ãñ¥ãñâ ý ¦ãñâ ¹ããÌããñãä¶ã ¾ãñÀñâ ªãÀì¥ãñâ ý ¶ã
Öãñ¦ããè ªì:Œãñâ ýý13ýý
‚ããÔãìÀãèâ ¾ããñãä¶ã½ãã¹ã¶¶ãã ½ãî¤ã •ã¶½ããä¶ã •ã¶½ããä¶ã ý ½ãã½ã¹ãÆã¹¾ãõÌã ‡ãŠãõ¶¦ãñ¾ã ¦ã¦ããñ ¾ã㶦¾ã£ã½ããâ Øããä¦ã½ãá ýý20ýý
Öã Ÿã¾ãÌãÀãè ý Ôãâ¹ããä§ã ¦ãñ ‚ããÔãìÀãè ý ‚ã£ããñØããä¦ã ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý •ããñãä¡Ëãè ãä¦ãÖãèâ ýý14ýý ¹ããŸãèâ ̾ããÜãÆããäª ¦ãã½ãÔãã ý ¾ããñãä¶ã ¦ããñ ‚ãßì½ããßì
(©ããñ¡ãÔãã, ãä‡ãâŠãäÞã¦ãá) †ñÔãã ý ªñÖã£ããÀãÞãã „ÔããÔãã ý ‚ãã©ããè •ããñÖãè ýý15ýý ¦ããñÖãè ½ããè ÌããñÊÖãÌãã ãäÖÀñâ ý ½ãØã ¦ã½ããäÞã Öãñ¦ããè †‡ãŠÔãÀñâ ý •ãñ©ã
ØãñËñâ ‚ããâ£ããÀñâ ý ‡ãŠãßÌãâ¡õ•ãñ ýý16ýý •ã¾ããâÞããè ¹ãã¹ãã ãäÞãßÔããè ý ¶ãÀ‡ãŠ Üãñ¦ããè ãäÌãÌãÔããè ý Îããè¥ã•ãã¾ã ½ãîÞœãèà ý ãäÔã¥ãñâ •ãñ¥ãñâ ýý17ýý ½ãßì
•ãñ¥ãñâ ½ãõßñ ý ¦ãã¹ãì •ãñ¥ãñâ ¹ããñßñ ý •ã¾ããÞãñãä¶ã ¶ããâÌãñâ Ôãßñ (ãä¼ã¦ãñâ, ‡ãŠã¹ã¦ãñâ) ý ½ãÖã¼ã¾ã ýý18ýý ¹ãã¹ãã •ã¾ããÞãã ‡ã⊛ãßã ý „¹ã•ãñ ‚ã½ãâØãß
‚ã½ãâØãßã ý ãäÌã›ãßìÖãè ãäÌã›ãßã ý ãäºãÖñ •ã¾ãã ýý19ýý †ñÔãñâ ãäÌãÏÌããÞãñ ¾ãã ÌããñŒã›ñ¾ãã ý ‚ã£ã½ã •ãñ £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ãã ý ¦ãñâ ¦ãñ Öãñ¦ããè ¼ããñØãîãä¶ã¾ããâ ý
¦ãã½ãÔãã ¾ããñ¶ããè ýý420ýý ‚ãÖã ÔããâØã¦ããâ ÌããÞãã À¡ñ ý ‚ããŸãäÌã¦ããâ ½ã¶ã ãäŒãÀ¡ñ ý ‡ãŠ›ãÀñ ½ãîŒããèà ‡ãñŠÌã¤ñ ý •ããñãä¡Ëñ ãä¶ãÀ¾ã ýý21ýý
‡ãŠããä¾ãÔã¾ãã ¦ãñ ‚ããÔãìÀ ý Ôãâ¹ããä§ã ¹ããñãäÓã¦ããè Ìãã„À (̾ã©ãÃ, ÌããÌãØããè, ÌããƒÃ›) ý ãä•ã¾ãã ã䪣ãËñâ ÜããñÀ ý ¹ã¦ã¶ã †ñÔãñâ ýý22ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¦ãìÌããâ £ã¶ãì£ãÃÀã
ý ¶ããñÖãÌãñâ Øãã ãä¦ã¾ãã ½ããñÖÀã ý •ãñ„¦ãã ÌããÔãì ‚ããÔãìÀã ý Ôãâ¹ããä§ãÌãâ¦ãã ýý23ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ªâ¼ãããäª ªãñÓã ÔããÖãè ý Öñ Ôãâ¹ãî¥ãà •ã¾ããâÞ¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ ý ¦ãñ
¦¾ã•ããÌãñ Öñâ ‡ãŠãƒÃ ý ½Ö¥ããñ ‡ãŠãèÀ?ýý24ýý
ãä¨ããäÌã£ãâ ¶ãÀ‡ãŠÔ¾ãñªâ ̪ãÀâ ¶ããÎã¶ã½ã㦽ã¶ã: ý ‡ãŠã½ã: ‡ãÆŠãñ£ãÔ¦ã©ãã Ëãñ¼ãÔ¦ãÔ½ããªñ¦ã¦ãá ¨ã¾ãâ ¦¾ã•ãñ¦ãá ýý21ýý

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 18

¹ãÀãè ‡ãŠã½ã ‡ãÆŠãñ£ã Ëãñ¼ã ý ¾ãã ãä¦ãÖãèâÞãñÖãè ©ããñâºã ý ©ããâÌãñ ¦ãñ©ãñâ ‚ãÎãì¼ã ý ãä¹ã‡ãŠËñâ •ãã¥ã ýý25ýý ÔãÌãà ªì:Œããâ ‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ãã ý ªÎãöãã
(ªãŒããäÌ㥾ããÔã) £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ãã ý ¹ãã¤ã… Öñ ¼ã˦ã¾ãã ý ã䪣ãËñâ ‚ããÖã¦ããè ýý26ýý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ãããä¹ã¾ãã ¶ãÀ‡ãŠ¼ããñØããè ý ÔãìÌããÌã¾ããËãØããèâ •ãØããèâ ý
¹ãã¦ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ªã›ìØããè ý Ôã¼ãããäÞã Öñ ýý27ýý ¦ãñ ÀãõÀÌã Øãã ¦ãâÌããäÞãÌãÀãè ý ‚ããƒãä‡ãŠ•ã¦ããè ¹ã›ãâ¦ãÀãèâ ý •ãâÌã Öñ ãä¦ã¶Öãè ‚ãâ¦ãÀãèâ ý „Ÿ¦ããè ¶ãã
ýý28ýý ‚ã¹ãã¾ã ãä¦ãÖãèâ ‚ããÔãËØã (ËÌã‡ãŠÀ) ý ¾ãã¦ã¶ãã ƒÖãèâ ÔãÌãâØã ý Öã¥ããè Öã¥ããè ¶ããñÖñ Öñ ãä¦ãÜã ý ÖñãäÞã Öã¥ããè (Öããä¶ã, ¶ãì‡ãŠÔãã¶ã) ýý29ýý ‡ãŠã¾ã
ºãÖì ºããñËãñâ Ôãì¼ã›ã ý ÔããâãäØã¦ããä˾ãã ãä¶ã‡ãðŠÓ›ã ý ¶ãÀ‡ãŠãÞãã ªãÀÌãâ›ã ý ãä¨ãÎãâ‡ãìŠ Öã ýý430ýý ¾ãã ‡ãŠã½ã‡ãÆŠãñ£ãËãñ¼ããâ- ý ½ãã•ããèâ •ããèÌãñâ •ããñ
Öãñ¾ã „¼ãã ý ¦ããñ ãä¶ãÀ¾ã¹ãìÀãèÞããè Ôã¼ãã ý Ô㶽ãã¶ãì ¹ããÌãñ ýý31ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¹ã줦㠹ã줦ããèâ ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý Öñ ‡ãŠã½ãããäª ªãñÓã ãä¨ã¹ãì›ãè ý ¦¾ã•ããâÌããèãäÞã
Øãã ÌããñŒã›ãè (ÌããƒÃ›) ý ‚ããÜãÌãã ãäÌãÓã¾ããèâ ýý32ýý
†¦ãõãäÌãýãì§ãŠ: ‡ãŠãõ¶¦ãñ¾ã ¦ã½ããñ̪ãÀõãäÔ¨ããä¼ã¶ãÃÀ: ý ‚ããÞããÀ¦¾ã㦽ã¶ã: Ñãñ¾ãÔ¦ã¦ããñ ¾ãããä¦ã ¹ãÀãâ Øããä¦ã½ãá ýý22ýý
£ã½ããÃã䪇ãŠãâ ÞããõâÖãè ‚ããâ¦ãì ý ¹ãìÀìÓãã©ããÃãäÞã ¦ãõâãäÞã ½ãã¦ãì ý ‡ãŠÀãÌããè •ãõâ ÔãâÜãã¦ãì ý Ôããâ¡ãèË Öã ýý33ýý Öñ ãä¦ã¶Öãè •ããèÌããèâ •ãâÌã •ããØã¦ããè ý ¦ãâÌãÌãÀãè
ãä¶ããä‡ãŠ¾ããÞããè ¹ãÆ㹦ããè ý Öñ ½ãã¢ãñ ‡ãŠã¶ã ¶ãデ㊦ããè ý ªñÌããñÖãè ½Ö¥ãñ ýý34ýý •ã¾ãã ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ¹ãã䤾ãñ ý ‚ã㦽ã¶ããÎãã •ããñ ãäºãÖñ ý ¦ãñ¥ãñ⠶㠣ãÀãÌããè
Öñ Ôããñ¾ãñ ý ÔããÌã£ãì Öãñƒ•ãñ ýý35ýý ¹ããñ›ãèâ ºããâ£ããñãä¶ã ¹ããÓãã¥ã ý Ôã½ãìªÆãèâ ºããÖãèâ ‚ããâØãÌã¥ã ý ‡ãŠãâ ãä•ã¾ããÌã¾ãã (•ãØ㥾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ) •ãñÌã¥ã ý
‡ãŠã߇ããÞãñâ ýý36ýý ƒÖãèâ ‡ãŠã½ã‡ãÆŠãñ£ãËãñ¼ãñâÔããèâ ý ‡ãŠã¾ãÃãäÔãã䣪 •ãã¥ã ¦ãõÔããè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ŸãÌããñãäÞã ¹ãìÔããè ý ¾ã¾ããâÞãã Øãã ýý37ýý •ãõâ ‡ãŠÖãèâ
‚ãÌãÞã›ñâ ý Öñ ãä¦ã‡ãŠ¡ãè ÔããâŒãß ¦ãì›ñ ý ¦ãõâ ÔãìŒãñâ ‚ãã¹ãìãä˾ãñ Ìãã›ñ ý ÞããËãñâ Ëã¼ãñ ýý38ýý ãä¨ãªãñÓããèâ Ôããâãä¡Ëñâ ÎãÀãèÀ ý ãä¨ã‡ã슛ãèâ ãä¹ãŠ›ãä˾ãã
¶ãØãÀ ý ãä¨ãªãÖ (‚ã㣾ããã䦽ã‡ãŠ, ‚ãããä£ãªõãäÌã‡ãŠ, ‚ãããä£ã¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ) ãä¶ã½ãããä˾ãã ‚ãâ¦ãÀ ý •ãõÔãñâ Öãñ¾ã ýý39ýý ¦ãõÔãã ‡ãŠã½ããã䪇ãŠãèâ ãä¦ãÜããèâ ý Ôããâãä¡Ëã ÔãìŒã
¹ããÌããñãä¶ã •ãØããèâ ý ÔãâØãì ËãÖñ ½ããñàã½ããØããèà ý Ôã••ã¶ããâÞãã ýý440ýý ½ãØã Ôã¦ÔãâØãñâ ¹ãƺãßñâ ý ÔãÞœãÔ¨ããÞãñãä¶ã ºãßñâ ý •ã¶½ã½ãð¦¾ãîÞããèâ ãä¶ã½ããßñâ
ý ãä¶ãÔ¦ãÀñâ Àã¶ãñâ ýý41ýý ¦ãñ Ìãñßãèâ ‚ã㦽ãã¶ãâªñâ ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý •ãñâ Ôãªã ÌãÔã¦ãñâ ºãÀÌãñâ ý ¦ãñâ ¦ãõÔãñâãäÞã ¹ã㛥㠹ããÌãñ ý ØãìÀì‡ãðŠ¹ãñÞãñâ ýý42ýý ¦ãñ©ã
ãä¹ãƾããÞããè (‚ããÌã¡¥¾ããÞããè) ¹ãÀ½ãÔããè½ãã ý ¦ããñ ¼ãñ›ñ ½ãã„Ëãè ‚ã㦽ãã ý ¦ã¾ãñâ ŒãñâÌããèâ ‚ãã›ñ ãä¡âã䡽ãã ý ÔããâÔããäÀ‡ãŠ Öñ ýý43ýý †ñÔãã •ããñ
‡ãŠã½ã‡ãÆŠãñ£ãËãñ¼ããâ ý ¢ãã¡ãè (¦¾ããØã, ¢ãã¡ã) ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã Ÿã‡ãñŠ „¼ãã ý ¦ããñãäÞã ¾ãñÌãã䤾ãã Ëã¼ãã ý ØããñÔããÌããè Öãñ¾ã ýý44ýý
¾ã: ÎããÔ¨ããäÌããä£ã½ãì¦Ôãð•¾ã Ìã¦ãæãñ ‡ãŠã½ã‡ãŠãÀ¦ã: ý ¶ã Ôã ãäÔãã䣪½ãÌã㹶ããñãä¦ã ¶ã ÔãìŒã⠶㠹ãÀãâ Øããä¦ã½ãá ýý23ýý

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 19

¶ãã Öñâ ¶ããÌã¡ãñãä¶ã ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ‡ãŠã½ããã䪇ãŠãâÞ¾ãããäÞã Ÿã¾ããèâ ý ªããä›Ëãè •ãñ¥ãñâ ¡ãñƒÃ ý ‚ã㦽ãÞããñÀñâ (‚ã㦽ãÜãã¦ã‡ãŠ¿ãã¶ãñâ) ýý45ýý •ããñ •ãØããèâ Ôã½ãã¶ã
Ôã‡ãðŠ¹ãì ý ãäÖ¦ãããä֦㠪ããäÌã¦ãã ªãè¹ãì ý ¦ããñ ‚ã½ã㶾ãì ‡ãñŠËã ºãã¹ãì ý Ìãñªì •ãñ¥ãñâ ýý46ýý ¶ã £ãÀãèãäÞã ãäÌã£ããèÞããè ¼ããè¡ ý ¶ã ‡ãŠÀãèãäÞã ‚ãã¹ãËãè Þãã¡ ý
Ìãã¤Ìããè¦ã ØãñËã ‡ãŠãñ¡ ý ƒâãäªÆ¾ããâÞãñâ ýý47ýý ‡ãŠã½ã‡ãÆŠãñ£ãËãñ¼ããâÞããè ‡ãŠãÔã ý ¶ã Ôããñ¡ãèÞã ¹ãããäßËãè ¼ããÓã ý ÔÌãõÀãÞããÀãÞãñâ ‚ãÔããñÔã (‚ããä¦ãÎã¾ãñâ
‡ãŠÀî¶ã, ½ããñŸñâ) ý ÌãßÜãËã Àã¶ã ýý48ýý ¦ããñ Ôã웇ãñŠãäÞã¾ãã ÌãããäÖ¥ããèâ ý ½ãØã ãä¹ãÌããñâ ¶ã ËãÖñ ¹ãã¥ããè ý ÔÌ㹶ããèâÖãè ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãÖã¥ããè ý ªìÀãèãäÞã ¦ã¾ãã
ýý49ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÀ¨ã ¦ãâÌã •ãã¾ãñ ý Öñ ‡ãŠãèÀ ¦ã¾ãã ‚ããÖñ ý ¹ãÀãè †ñãäÖ‡ãŠÖãè ¶ã ËãÖñ ý ¼ããñØã ¼ããñØãîâ ýý450ýý ¦ãÀãè ½ããÎããËãØããèâ ¼ãìËËã ý
ºãÆã½Ö¥ã ¹ãã¥ãºãî¡ã ãäÀÜããËã ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¦ãñ©ãÖãè ¹ããÌãËã ý ¶ãããäÔ¦ã‡ãŠÌããªì ýý51ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ãäÌãÓã¾ããâÞãñãä¶ã ‡ãŠãñ¡ñâ ý •ãñ¥ãñâ ¹ãÀ¨ãã ‡ãñŠËñâ „ºã¡ñâ („¹ã¡ñâ) ý
¦ãâÌã ¦ããñãäÞã ‚ãããä¥ã‡ãŠãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ý ½ãÀ¥ãñâ ¶ãñËã ýý52ýý †Ìãâ ¹ãÀ¨ã ¶ãã ÔÌãØãìà ý ¶ãã †ñãäÖ‡ãŠÖãè ãäÌãÓã¾ã¼ããñØãì ý ¦ãñ©ã ‡ãñŠ„¦ãã ¹ãÆÔãâØãì ý ½ããñàããÞãã
¦ããñ?ýý53ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‡ãŠã½ããÞãñãä¶ã ºãßñâ ý •ããñ ãäÌãÓã¾ã Ôãñ…â ¹ããÖñ Ôãßñâ (ºãßã¶ãñâ) ý ¦ã¾ãã ãäÌãÓã¾ããñ ¶ãã ÔÌãØãìà ãä½ãßñ ý ¶ãã „£ªÀñ ¦ããñ ýý54ýý
¦ãÔ½ããÞœãÔ¨ãâ ¹ãƽãã¥ãâ ¦ãñ ‡ãŠã¾ããÇãŠã¾ãÃ̾ãÌããäÔ©ã¦ããõ ý —ãã¦Ìãã ÎããÔ¨ããäÌã£ãã¶ããñ§ã⊠‡ãŠ½ãà ‡ãŠ¦ãìÃãä½ãÖãÖÃãäÔã ýý24ýý
ƒãä¦ã Ñããè½ãªá¼ãØãÌãªáØããè¦ããÔãì „¹ããä¶ãÓã¦Ôãì ºãƽÖãäÌ㪿ãã¾ããâ ¾ããñØãÎããÔ¨ãñâ Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãã•ãìöãÔãâÌããªñ ªõÌããÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØããñ ¶ãã½ã
Óããñ¡Îããñ磾ãã¾ã: ýý16ýý
¾ãã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñâ ¹ãõâ ºãã¹ãã ý •ã¾ãã ‚ãã©ããè ‚ãã¹ãìËãè ‡ãðŠ¹ãã ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ÌãñªãâãäÞã¾ãã ãä¶ãÀãñ¹ãã ý ‚ãã¶ã (‚ãÌã—ãã, ‚ã¹ã½ãã¶ã) ¶ã ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ýý55ýý ¹ã¦ããèãäÞã¾ãã ½ã¦ãã ý
‚ã¶ãìÔãÀãñãä¶ã ¹ããä¦ãÌãƦãã ý ‚ã¶ãã¾ãÔãñâ ‚ã㦽ããäÖ¦ãã ý ¼ãñ›ñãäÞã ¦ãñ ýý56ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ÑããèØãìÀìÌãÞã¶ãã ý ã䪟ãè ªñ¦ãì •ã¦ã¶ãã ý ãäÎãÓ¾ã
‚ã㦽ã¼ãìÌã¶ãã- ý ½ãã•ããèâ ¹ãõÔãñ ýý57ýý Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ ‚ãã¹ãìËã ŸñÌãã ý Öã¦ãã ‚ãã©ããè •ãÀãè ¾ããÌãã ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ããªÀñâ •ãñÌããèâ ãäªÌãã ý ¹ãì¤ãâ ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ýý58ýý
¦ãõÔãã ‚ãÎãñÓããâÖãè ¹ãìÀìÓãã©ããà ý •ããñ ØããñÔããÌããè Öãñ ½Ö¥ãñ ¹ãã©ããà ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ Ñãìãä¦ãÔ½ãðãä¦ã ½ãã©ããâ ý ºãõÔã¥ãñâ Üãã¹ãñ ýý59ýý ÎããԨ㠽֥ãñË •ãñâ Ôããâ¡ãÌãñâ ý
¦ãñâ À㕾ãÖãè ¦ãð¥ã ½ãã¶ããÌãñâ ý •ãñâ ÜãñÌãÌããè ¦ãñ⠶㠽֥ããÌãñâ ý ãäÌãÓãÖãè ãäÌãÀì (½ããÀ‡ãŠ, ãäÌãÀ죪) ýý460ýý †ñãäÔã¾ãã Ìãñªõ‡ãŠãä¶ãÓŸã ý •ãããä˾ãã •ãÀãè
Ôãì¼ã›ã ý ¦ãÀãè ‡ãñ⊠‚ããÖñ ‚ããä¶ãÓ›ã ý ¼ãñ›¥ãñâ Øãã ?ýý61ýý ¹ãõâ ‚ããäÖ¦ãã¹ããÔãîãä¶ã ‡ãŠãã䤦ããè ý ãä֦㠪ñ…ãä¶ã Ìãã¤ãäÌã¦ããè ý ¶ããÖãèâ Øãã Ñãìãä¦ã¹ãÀãõ¦ããè
ý ½ãã„Ëãè •ãØãã ýý62ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ºãƽÖñâÎããèâ ½ãñßÌããè ý ¦ãâÌã Öñ ‡ãŠãñ¥ãñâ ¶ã Ôããâ¡ãÌããè ý ‚ãØãã ¦ãìÌããâÖãè †ñÔããèãäÞã ¼ã•ããÌããè ý ãäÌãÎãñÓãñâÔããè ýý63ýý
•ãñ ‚ãããä•ã ‚ã•ãìöãã ¦ãâî ¾ãñ©ãñâ ý ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ãã Ô㦾ã ÎããÔ¨ãñâ Ôãã©ãñà (¾ã©ãã©ãÃ, ‚ã©ããÃÔããäÖ¦ã) ý •ã¶½ãËããäÔã ºãßã©ãñà ý £ã½ããÃÞãñ¶ããèâ ýý64ýý ‚ãããä¥ã
£ã½ããöãì•ã Öñâ †ñÔãñâ ý ‚ããñÜãñâãäÞã ‚ããËñâ ‚ãã¹ãõÔãñâ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ã¶ãããäÀÔãñâ ý ‡ãŠÀâî ¶ã¾ãñ ýý65ýý ‡ãŠã¾ããÇãŠã¾ãÃãäÌãÌãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý ÎããÔ¨ãñâãäÞã ‡ãŠÀãÌããèâ
¹ããÀŒããèâ ý ‚ã‡ãðŠ¦¾ã ¦ãñâ ‡ã슡ñâ Ëãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý ÌããßãÌãñâ Øãã ýý66ýý ½ãØã ‡ãðŠ¦¾ã¹ã¥ãñâ ŒãÀñâ ãä¶ãØãñ ý ¦ãñâ ¦ãìÌããâ ‚ãã¹ãìËñãä¶ã ‚ããâØãñâ ý ‚ããÞãÀãñãä¶ã ‚ããªÀñâ
Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 20
ÞããâØãñâ ý ÔããÀãÌãñâ Øãã ýý67ýý •ãñ ãäÌãÏÌã¹ãÆã½ã㥾ããÞããè (•ãØããÔã ¹ãƽãã¥ã ŸñÌ㥾ããÔã ¾ããñؾã) ½ãìªãè ý ‚ãããä•ã ¦ã좾ãã Öã¦ããèâ ‚ãÔãñ Ôãìºã죪ãè ý
Ëãñ‡ãŠÔãâØãÆÖããäÔã ãä¨ãÎã죪ãè ý ¾ããñؾãì ÖãñÔããè ýý68ýý †Ìãâ ‚ããÔãìÀÌãØãÃì ‚ããÜãÌãã ý ÔããâØããñãä¶ã ¦ãñãä©ãâÞãã ãä¶ãØããÌãã ý ¦ããñÖãè ªñÌãñâ ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý
ãä¶ãÀîãä¹ãËã ýý69ýý ƒ¾ããÌãÀãè ¦ããñ ¹ãâ¡îÞãã ý ‡ã슽ãÀì Ôãªá¼ããÌããñ •ããèÌããèâÞãã ý ¹ãìÔãñË ¦ããñ Þãõ¦ã¶¾ããÞãã (ÔããÌã£ãã¶ã ãäÞã§ãã¶ãñâ) ý ‡ãŠã¶ããèâ †ñ‡ãŠã ýý470ýý
Ôãâ•ã¾ãñâ ̾ããÔãããäÞã¾ãã ãä¶ãÀãñ¹ãã ý ¦ããñ Ìãñßì ¹ãñŠãä¡Ëã ¦ã¾ãã ¶ãð¹ãã ý ¦ãõÔãã ½ããèÖãè ãä¶ãÌãðãä§ã‡ãðŠ¹ãã ý ÔããâØãñ¶ã ¦ãì½Öãâ ýý71ýý ¦ãì½Öãè Ôãâ¦ã ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã
‡ãŠ¡ã ý ã䪟ãèÞãã ‡ãŠÀãË ºãÖì¡ã (‡ãðŠ¹ãñÞãã ÌãÓããÃÌã) ý ¦ãÀãè ¦ãì½Öãâ ½ãã¶ãñ ¾ãñÌã¤ã ý ÖãñƒÃ¶ã ½ããè ýý72ýý ½Ö¥ããä¶ã ãä¶ã•ã ‚ãÌã£ãã¶ã ý ½ã•ã ÌããñßØãñ
¹ãÔãã¾ãªã¶ã ý ªãè•ããñ •ããè Ôã¶ãã©ãì ÖãñƒÃ¶ã ý —ãã¶ãªñÌããñ ½Ö¥ãñ ýý473ýý
ƒãä¦ã Ñããè—ãã¶ãªñÌã ãäÌãÀãäÞã¦ãã¾ããâ ¼ããÌãã©ãêãèãä¹ã‡ãŠã¾ããâ Óããñ¡Îããñ磾ãã¾ã: ýý16ýý

Ñããè —ãã¶ãñÏÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 16Ìãã ªõÌãÔãìÀÔãâ¹ããä̪¼ããØã¾ããñØã 21