Ad 11

ýý Ñããèýý
ÑããèØã¥ãñÎãã¾ã ¶ã½ã: ý
‚ãã¦ããâ ¾ããÌãÀãè †‡ãŠãªÎããèâ ý ‡ãŠ©ãã ‚ããÖñ ªãñÖãè ÀÔããèâ (Îããâ¦ã Ìã ‚ãªá¼ãì¦ã ¾ãã ªãñ¶Öãè ÀÔããâ¦ã) ý ¾ãñ©ã
¹ãã©ããÃ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãñâÔããèâ ý ÖãñƒÃË ¼ãñ›ãè ýý1ýý •ãñ©ã Îããâ¦ãããäÞã¾ãã ÜãÀã ý ‚ãªá¼ãì¦ã ‚ããËã ‚ããÖñ ¹ããÖì¥ãñÀã
(½ãñ•ãÌãã¶ããèÔã, ¹ããÖì¥ãÞããÀãÔã) ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãñÀãâÖãè ÀÔããâ ¹ããâãä¦ã‡ãŠÀãâ ý •ããÖËã ½ãã¶ãì ýý2ýý ‚ãÖãñ
Ìã£ãìÌãÀãâãäÞã¾ãñ ãä½ãß¥ããèâ ý •ãõÎããèâ ÌãÀããä¡¾ããâÖãè ËìØã¡ãèâ Ëñ¥ããèâ ý ¦ãõÔãñ ªñãäÎã¾ãñÞ¾ãã ÔãìŒããÔã¶ããèâ ý
ãä½ãÀÌãËñ ÀÔã ýý3ýý ¹ããäÀ Îããâ¦ããªá¼ãì¦ã ºãÀÌãñ ý •ãñ ¡ãñãäß¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãâ•ãìßãèâ Ü¾ããÌãñ ý •ãõÔãñ ÖãäÀÖÀ
¹ãÆñ½ã¼ããÌãñâ ý ‚ããËñ ŒãñâÌãã ýý4ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ‚ãâÌãÔãñÞ¾ãã ãäªÌãÎããèâ ý ¼ãñ›Ëãèâ ãäºãâºãñâ ªãñ¶ããè •ãõÎããèâ ý ¦ãñÌããèâ
†‡ãŠÌãßã ÀÔããèâ ý ‡ãñŠËã †©ã ýý5ýý ½ããè¶ãËñ ØãâØãñ¾ã½ãì¶ãñÞãñ ‚ããñÜã ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ÀÔããâ •ããÖËñ ¹ãÆ¾ããØã ý
½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ÔãìÔ¶ãã¦ã Öãñ¦ã •ãØã ý ‚ããÜãÌãñâ †©ã ýý6ýý ½ãã•ããèâ Øããè¦ãã ÔãÀÔÌã¦ããè Øãì¹¦ã ý ‚ãããä¥ã ªãñ¶ããè
ÀÔã ¦ãñ ‚ããñÜã ½ãî¦ãÃ ý ¾ããËãØããèâ ãä¨ãÌãñ¥ããè Öñ „ãäÞã¦ã ý ¹ãŠãÌãËãè ºãã¹ãã ýý7ýý †©ã ÑãÌã¥ããÞãñãä¶ã ÌªãÀñâ ý
¦ããè©ããèÃâ ãäÀÜã¦ããâ Ôããñ¹ããÀñâ ý —ãã¶ãªñÌããñ ½Ö¥ãñ ªã¦ããÀñâ (ªã¦¾ãã¶ãñâ, ãä¶ãÌãðãä§ã¶ãã©ãã¶ãñâ) ý ½ãã¢ãñãä¶ã ‡ãñŠËñâ
ýý8ýý ¦ããèÀñâ ÔãâÔ‡ãðŠ¦ããÞããèâ ØãÖ¶ãñâ ý ¦ããñ¡ãñãä¶ã ½ãÅÖããäŸ¾ãã ÎãºªÔããñ¹ãã¶ãñâ (ÎãºªÀî¹ããè Üãã›, ãä•ã¶ãã) ý ÀãäÞãËãèâ
£ã½ãÃãä¶ã£ãã¶ãñâ ý Ñããèãä¶ãÌãðãä§ãªñÌãñâ ýý9ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¼ãË¦ãñ¥ãñâ †©ã Ôãªá¼ããÌãñâ ¶ããÖãÌãñâ ý ¹ãÆ¾ããØã½ãã£ãÌã
ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ¹ãÖãÌãñâ ý ¾ãñ¦ãìËñãä¶ã ÔãâÔããÀããäÔã ª¿ããÌãñâ ý ãä¦ãßãñª‡ãŠ (ãä¦ãËãâ•ãßãè, ¹ãŠãâ›ã) ýý10ýý Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ
†ñÔãñâ ÔããÌã¾ãÌã ý †©ã ÔãããäÔã¶¶ãËñ ‚ãã©ããè ÀÔã¼ããÌã ý ¦ãñ©ã ÑãÌã¥ãÔãìŒããÞããè Àã¥ããèÌã ý •ããñ¡Ëãè •ãØãã
ýý11ýý •ãñ©ã Îããâ¦ããªá¼ãì¦ã Àãñ‡ãŠ¡ñ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãñÀãâ ÀÔããâ ¹ã¡¹ã •ããñ¡ñ ý Öñâ ‚ãÊ¹ããäÞã ¹ãÀãè „Üã¡ñâ ý
‡ãõŠÌãÊ¾ã †©ã ýý12ýý ¦ããñ Öã ‚ã‡ãŠÀãÌãã ‚ã£¾ãã¾ããñ ý •ããñ ªñÌããÞãã ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ãäÌãÔãâÌã¦ãã ŸãÌããñ ý ¹ãÀãè
‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã ÔãªõÌããâÞãã (¼ããØ¾ãÌãã¶ããÞãã) ÀãÌããñ ý •ãñ †©ãÖãè ¹ãã¦ãËã ýý13ýý †©ã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ããäÞã ‡ãŠã¾ã ½Ö¥ããñâ
¹ãã¦ãËã ý ‚ãããä•ã ‚ããÌã¡¦ã¾ããÖãè Ôãì‡ãŠãßì •ããÖËã ý •ãñ Øããè¦ãã©ãìÃ Öã ‚ããËã ½ãÅÖãŸãè¾ãñ ýý14ýý
¾ãããäÞãËãØããèâ ½ãã¢ãñâ ý ãäÌã¶ããäÌãËñâ ‚ããƒãä‡ãŠ•ãñ ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãÌã£ãã¶ã ªãè•ãñ ý Ôã••ã¶ããèâ ¦ãì½Öãèâ ýý15ýý
¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã ¦ãì½Öãâ Ôãâ¦ããâãäÞã¾ãñ Ôã¼ãñ ý †ñÔããè ÔãËØããè ‡ãŠãèÀ ‡ãŠÀâî ¶ãË¼ãñ (¾ããñØ¾ã ¶ããÖãèâ) ý ¹ãÀãè ½ãã¶ããÌãñâ •ããè
¦ãì½Öãèâ Ëãñ¼ãñâ ý ‚ã¹ã¦¾ãã ½ã•ã ýý16ýý ‚ãÖãñ ¹ãìâÔãã ‚ãã¹ã¥ããäÞã ¹ã¤ãäÌã•ãñ ý ½ãØã ¹ã¤ñ ¦ãÀãè ½ãã©ãã
¦ãìãä‡ãŠ•ãñ ý ‡ãŠãâ ‡ãŠÀãäÌãËñãä¶ã Þããñ•ãñâ ¶ã ãäÀ¢ãñ ý ºããß‡ãŠã ½ãã¾ã ýý17ýý ¦ãñÌããèâ ½ããè •ãñâ •ãñâ ºããñËñâ ý ¦ãñâ
¹ãÆ¼ãì ¦ãì½ãÞãñâãäÞã ãäÎã‡ãŠãäÌãËñâ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ãÌã£ãããäÀ•ããñ ‚ãã¹ãìËñâ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ªñÌãã ýý18ýý Öñâ
ÔããÀÔÌã¦ããÞãñâ Øããñ¡ ý ¦ãì½ÖãèâãäÞã ËããäÌãËñâ •ããè ¢ãã¡ ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãã¦ããâ ‚ãÌã£ãã¶ã½ãð¦ãñâ (†‡ãŠãØãÆ ËàãÀî¹ããè
‚ã½ãð¦ãã¶ãñâ) Ìãã¡ ý ãäÔãâ¹ããñãä¶ã ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ýý19ýý ½ãØã Öñâ ÀÔã¼ããÌã ¹ãìŠËãèâ ¹ãìŠËñË ý ¶ãã¶ãã©ãÃ ¹ãŠß¼ããÀñâ ¹ãŠßã
¾ãñƒÃË ý ¦ãì½ãÞãñãä¶ã £ã½ãñÃâ ÖãñƒÃË ý ÔãìÀÌãã¡ì •ãØãã ýý20ýý ¾ãã ºããñËã Ôãâ¦ã ãäÀ¢ãËñ ý ½Ö¥ã¦ããè
¦ããñÓãËãñâ Øãã ¼ãËñâ ‡ãñŠËñâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ÔããâØãõâ •ãñâ ºããñãäËËñâ ý ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãñâ ¦ãñ©ã ýý21ýý ¦ãâÌã ãä¶ãÌãðãä§ãªãÔã ½Ö¥ãñ
Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 1

ý •ããè ‡ãðŠÓ¥ãã•ãìÃ¶ããâÞãñâ ºããñË¥ãñâ ý ½ããè ¹ãÆã‡ãðŠ¦ã ‡ãŠã¾ã ÔããâØããñâ •ãã¥ãñâ ý ¹ãÀãè ÔããâØãÌãã ¦ãì½Öãè ýý22ýý ‚ãÖãñ
Àã¶ããèâãäÞã¾ãã ¹ããËñŒããƒÀã (¹ããËã Œãã¥ããÅ¾ãã Ìãã¶ãÀã‡ãŠÀÌããèâ) ý ¶ãñÌãã¥ãñâ ‡ãŠÀãäÌãËñâ Ëâ‡ãñŠÎÌãÀã ý †‡ãŠËã
‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã ¹ãÀãè ‚ãàããõãäÖ¥ããè ‚ã‡ãŠÀã ý ¶ã ãä•ã¥ãñãäÞã ‡ãŠãƒÃ?ýý23ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã Ôã½ã©ãÃ •ãñâ •ãñâ ‡ãŠÀãè ý ¦ãñâ
¶ã Öãñ ¶ã ¾ãñ ÞãÀãÞãÀãèâ ý ¦ãì½Öãè Ôãâ¦ã ¦ã¾ãã¹ãÀãè ý ºããñËÌãã ½ãã¦ãñâ ýý24ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ºããñãäË•ã¦ãÔãñ ‚ããƒ‡ãŠã
ý Öã Øããè¦ãã¼ããÌã ãä¶ã‡ãŠã ý •ããñ ÑããèÌãõ‡ãìâŠŸ¶ãã¾ã‡ãŠã ý ½ãìŒããõãä¶ã (Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ããÞ¾ãã ½ãìŒããâ¦ãî¶ã) ãä¶ãÜããËã ýý25ýý
ºãã¹ã ºãã¹ã ØãÆâ©ã Øããè¦ãã ý •ããñ Ìãñªãèâ ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ããª¿ã ªñÌã¦ãã ý ¦ããñ Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ã Ìã§ãŠã ý ãä•ã¾ãñ ØãÆâ©ããè ýý26ýý
¦ãñãä©ãâÞãñâ ØããõÀÌã ‡ãõŠÔãñâ Ìãã¶ããÌãñâ ý •ãñâ ÑããèÎãâ¼ãîãäÞã¾ãñ ½ã¦ããè ¶ããØãÌãñý ¦ãñâ ‚ãã¦ããâ ¶ã½ãÔ‡ãŠããäÀ•ãñ •ããèÌãñâ¼ããÌãñâ
ý ÖñâãäÞã ¼ãËñâ ýý27ýý ½ãØã ‚ããƒ‡ãŠã ¦ããñ ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý ÜããËîãä¶ã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããèâ ãäªŸãè ý ¹ããäÖËãè ‡ãõŠÔããè
ØããñŸãè ý ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãã •ããÖËã ýý28ýý Öñâ ÔãÌãÃÖãè ÔãÌãñÃÎÌãÀì ý †ñÔãã ¹ãÆ¦ããèãä¦ãØã¦ã •ããñ ¹ããä¦ã‡ãŠÀì ý ¦ããñ
ºããÖñÀãè Öãñ‚ããÌãã ØããñÞãÀì ý ËãñÞã¶ããâÔããè ýý29ýý Öñ ãä•ãÌãã‚ããâ¦ãìËãè Þãã¡ ý ¹ããäÀ ªñÌãããäÔã ÔããâØã¦ãã
Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ (‚ãÌãÜã¡, Ôãâ‡ãŠ›, •ã¡) ý ‡ãŠãâ •ãñâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã Øãî¤ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñãä¶ã ¹ãìÔããÌãñâ?ýý30ýý ½Ö¥ãñ ½ããØããâ
‡ãŠÌã¥ããèâ ‡ãŠÖãèâ ý •ãñâ ¹ããä¤¾ãâ¦ãñ¶ãñâ ¹ãìãäÔãËñâ ¶ããÖãèâ ý ¦ãñâ ÔãÖÔãã ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ‡ãŠãƒÃ ý ÔããâØãã ½Ö¥ããñâ?ýý31ýý ½ããè
•ãÀãè ÔãËØããèÞãã (ÞããâØãÊ¾ãã Ô¶ãñÖãâ¦ãËã) ÞããâØãì ý ¦ãÀãè ‡ãŠã¾ã ‚ããƒÔããèÖîãä¶ã ‚ãâ¦ãÀâØãì ý ¹ãÀãè ¦ãñÖãè Öã
¹ãÆÔãâØãì ý ãäºãÖãËãè ¹ãìÔããñâ ýý32ýý ½ãã¢ããè ‚ããÌã¡ñ ¦ãõÔããè ÔãñÌãã •ããÖËãè ý ¦ãÀãè ‡ãŠã¾ã ÖãñƒÃË
ØãÀì¡ããäÞã¾ãã ¾ãñ¦ãìËãè?ý ¹ãÀãè ¦ããñÖãè Öñ ºããñËãè ý ‡ãŠÀãèãäÞã¶ãã ýý33ýý ½ããè ‡ãŠã¾ã Ôã¶ã‡ãŠããäª‡ãŠãâÖîãä¶ã
•ãÌãßãâ ý ¹ãÀãè ¦ã¾ããâÖãè ¶ããØãÌãñãäÞã Öã Þããßã ý ½ããè ‚ããÌã¡ñ¶ã ‡ãŠã¾ã ¹ãÆñ½ãßãâ ý Øããñ‡ãìŠßãèâãäÞã¾ãã †ñÔãã
?ýý34ýý ¦ã¾ããâ¦ãñâÖãè Ëñâ‡ãìŠÀ¹ã¥ãñâ ¢ã‡ãŠãäÌãËñâ ý †‡ãŠãÞãñ Øã¼ãÃÌããÔãÖãè ÔãããäÖËñ ý ¹ãÀãè ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã Öñâ
ÀãÖãäÌãËñâ (ÀãŒãî¶ã ŸñãäÌãËñâ) ý ¶ã ªãÌããèÞã ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã ýý35ýý Öã Ÿã¾ãÌãÀãè Øãì•ã ý ¾ãããäÞã¾ãñ ‚ãâ¦ãÀãèâÞãñâ Öñâ
ãä¶ã•ã ý ‡ãñŠÌããèâ „Àã„Àãè ½ã•ã ý ¹ãìÔããñâ ¹ããâ?ýý36ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ã ¹ãìÔãñâãäÞã •ãÀãè ½Ö¥ãñâ ý ¦ãÀãè ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã
ªñãäŒããäË¾ãããäÌã¥ãñâ ý ÔãìŒã ¶ããñÖñãäÞã ¹ããäÀ ãä•ã¥ãñâ ý ¦ãñâÖãè ãäÌã¹ãã¾ãñâ ýý37ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ãã¦ããâ ¹ãìÔããñâ
‚ãßì½ããßÔãñâ ý ½ãØã ‡ãŠÀâî ªñÌãã ‚ããÌã¡ñ ¦ãõÔãñâ ý ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ¹ãÆÌã¦ãÃËã Ôãã£ÌãÔãñâ ý ¹ãã©ãìÃ ºããñËãñâ ýý38ýý ¹ãÀãè
¦ãñâãäÞã †ñÔãñãä¶ã ¼ããÌãñâ ý •ãñâ †‡ãŠã ªãñâ „§ãÀãâÔãÌãñâ ý ªãÌããè ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý ¢ãã¡ã ªñ„¶ããè ýý39ýý
‚ãÖãñ ÌããâÔãÀâî ªñãäŒããäË¾ãããäÞã ÔããŸãèâ ý £ãñ¶ãì Œã¡ºã¡ãñãä¶ã ½ããñÖñâ „Ÿãè ý ½ãØã Ô¦ã¶ãã½ãìŒãããäÞã¾ãñ ¼ãñ›ãè ý
‡ãŠã¾ã ¹ãã¶Öã £ãÀñ (¹ãã¶Öã ÞããñÀñË)?ýý40ýý ¹ããÖã ¹ããâ ¦ã¾ãã ¹ããâ¡ÌããÞãñãä¶ã ¶ããÌãñâ ý •ããñ ‡ãðŠÓ¥ã Àã¶ããèâÖãè
¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ããßâî £ããâÌãñ ý ¦ã¾ãã¦ãñâ ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãñ •ãâÌã ¹ãìÔããÌãñâ ý ¦ãâÌã ÔããÖãèË ‡ãŠãƒÃ ýý41ýý ¦ããñ ÔãÖ•ãñâãäÞã Ô¶ãñÖãÞãñâ
‚ãÌã¦ãÀ¥ã (½ãîãä¦ãÃ) ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãñÀî Ô¶ãñÖã Üãã¦ãËñâ ‚ããÖñ ½ãã•ãÌã¥ã ý †ñãäÔã¾ãñ ãä½ãßÌã¥ããè ÌãñØãßñ¹ã¥ã ý „Àñ
ÖñãäÞã ºãÖì (¹ãìÓ‡ãŠß Þã½ã¦‡ãŠãÀ) ýý42ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãããäÞã¾ãã ºããñËãÔããäÀÔãã ý ªñÌã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ÖãñƒÃË
‚ãã¹ãõÔãã ý ¦ããñãäÞã ¹ããäÖËã ¹ãÆÔãâØãì †ñÔãã ý †ñãä‡ãŠ•ãñ ¦ãÀãè ýý43ýý
‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã „ÌããÞã : ½ãª¶ãìØãÆÖã¾ã ¹ãÀ½ãâ ØãìÖ¿ã½ã£¾ãã¦½ãÔãâãä—ã¦ã½ãá ý ¾ã§Ìã¾ããñ§ãŠâ ÌãÞãÔ¦ãñ¶ã ½ããñÖãñç¾ãâ
ãäÌãØã¦ããñ ½ã½ã ýý1ýý

½ãØã ¹ãã©ãìÃ ªñÌãã¦ãñâ ½Ö¥ãñ ý •ããè ¦ãì½Öãèâ ½ã•ã‡ãŠãÀ¥ãñâ ý ÌããÞ¾ã ‡ãñŠËñ •ãñ ¶ã ºããñË¥ãñâ ý ‡ãðŠ¹ãããä¶ã£ãñ ýý44ýý
•ãõâ ½ãÖã¼ãî¦ãñâ ºãÆ½Öãèâ ‚ãã›¦ããè ý •ããèÌã ½ãÖªãªãèâÞãñâ (¹ãÆ‡ãðŠ¦ããèÞãñâ, ‚ããäÌãª¿ãñÞãñâ) Ÿã¾ã ãä¹ãŠ›¦ããè ý ¦ãõâ •ãñâ ªñÌã
Öãñ…ãä¶ã Ÿã‡ãŠ¦ããè ý ¦ãñâ ãäÌãÔãÌã¥ãñâ ÎãñÓããèâÞãñâ ýý45ýý Öãñ¦ãñâ ×ª¾ãããäÞã¾ãñ ¹ããäÀÌãÀãèâ (½ãâãäªÀãâ¦ã, ÜãÀãâ¦ã) ý
ÀãñãäÌãËñâ ‡ãðŠ¹ã¥ãããäÞã¾ãñ ¹ãÀãè ý ÎãºªºãÆ½ÖããäÔãÖãè (ÌãñªãâÔããäÖ) ÞããñÀãè ý •ã¾ããÞããè ‡ãñŠËãè ýý46ýý ¦ãñâ ¦ãì½Öãèâ
‚ãããä•ã ‚ãã¹ãìËñâ ý ½ã•ã¹ãì¤ãâ ãäÖ¾ãñâ ¹ãŠãñãä¡Ëñâ ý •ã¾ãã ‚ã£¾ãã¦½ãã ÌããñÌãããäßËñâ ý †ñÎÌã¾ãÃ ÖÀñâ ýý47ýý ¦ãñ
ÌãÔ¦ãì ½ã•ã ÔÌãã½ããè ý †ãä‡ãŠÖñßãâ ãäª£ãËãè ¦ãì½Öãèâ ý Öñâ ºããñËãñâ ¦ããäÀ ‚ãã½Öãè ý ¦ãì•ã ¹ããÌããñãä¶ã ‡ãõâŠÞãñ
ýý48ýý ¹ããäÀ ÔããÞããäÞã ½ãÖã½ããñÖããäÞã¾ãñ ¹ãìÀãèâ ý ºãì¡ãËñ¾ãã ªñŒããñãä¶ã ÔããèÔãÌãÀãè ý ¦ãìÌããâ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ
ÜããËãñãä¶ã ÑããèÖÀãè ý ½ãØã ‡ãŠããä¤Ëñâ ½ãã¦ãñâ ýý49ýý †‡ãŠ ¦ãâîÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ãäÌãÎÌããèâ ªìãä•ã¾ããÞããè ¼ããÓã
(ºããñËãè, ¶ããâÌã) ¶ããÖãèâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ‚ãã½ãìÞãñâ ‡ãŠ½ãÃ ¹ããÖãèâ ý •ãñ ‚ãã½Öãèâ ‚ãã©ããè ½Ö¥ããñ ýý50ýý ½ããè •ãØããèâ †‡ãŠ
‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãì ý †ñÔãã ªñÖãèâ ÌããÖñ ‚ããä¼ã½ãã¶ãì ý ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠãõÀÌããâ¦ãñâ ƒ¾ããâ ÔÌã•ã¶ãì ý ‚ãã¹ãìËñ ½Ö¥ãñâ ýý51ýý
¾ããÖãèÌãÀãè ¾ããâ¦ãñâ ½ããè ½ããÀãè¶ã ý ½Ö¥ãñâ ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ¹ãã¹ãñâ ‡ãñâŠ ãäÀØãñ¶ã ý †ñÔãñâ ªñŒã¦ã Öãñ¦ããñâ ªì:ÔÌã¹¶ã ý ¦ããñâ
ÞãñÌããäÌãËã ¹ãÆ¼ãì ýý52ýý ªñÌãã Øãâ£ãÌãÃ¶ãØãÀãèÞããè (‚ãã‡ãŠãÎãã¦ããèË ¤ØããâÌãÀ ‡ãŠãäÊ¹ã¦ã ¶ãØãÀãèÞããè) ÌãÔ¦ããè ý Ôããñ¡îãä¶ã
ãä¶ãÜããËãñâ Ëà½ããè¹ã¦ããè ý Öãñ¦ããñâ „ª‡ãŠããäÞã¾ãã ‚ãã¦ããèÃ ý ÀãñãäÖ¥ããè ¹ããè¦ã ýý53ýý •ããè ãä‡ãŠÀ¡âî ¦ãÀãè
‡ãŠã¹ã¡ãÞãñâ ý ¹ãÀãè ËÖÀãè ¾ãñ¦ã Öãñãä¦ã¾ãã ÔããÞãñâ ý †ñÔãñâ Ìãã¾ããâ ½ãÀ¦ã¾ãã •ããèÌããÞãñâ ý Ñãñ¾ã ¦ãìÌããâ Üãñ¦ãËñâ
ýý54ýý ‚ãã¹ãìËñâ ¹ãÆãä¦ããäºãâºã ¶ãñ¥ã¦ããâ ý ãäÔãâÖ ‡ãìŠÖãâ (ãäÌããäÖÀãèâ¦ã) ÜããËãèË ªñŒããñãä¶ã ‚ãã¦ããâ ý †ñÔãã £ããäÀ•ãñ
¦ãñÌããèâ ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãã ý ÀããäŒãËñâ ½ãã¦ãñâ ýý55ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ½ãã¢ãã ¦ãÀãè ¾ãñ¦ãìËñÌãÀãè ý †©ã ãä¶ãÎÞã¾ã Öãñ¦ãã
‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý •ãñ ‚ãã¦ããâãäÞã Ôãã¦ããâÖãè ÔããØãÀãèâ ý †‡ãŠ¨ã ãä½ããäß•ãñ ýý56ýý Öñâ •ãØããäÞã ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ºãì¡ãÌãñâ ý
ÌãÀãè ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎããäÖ ¦ãì›ãñ¶ããè ¹ã¡ãÌãñâ ý ¹ãÀãè ¢ãìâ•ã¥ãñâ ¶ã Üã¡ãÌãñâ ý Øããñ¨ã•ãñÎããèâ ½ã•ã ýý57ýý †ñãäÔã¾ãã
‚ãÖâ‡ãŠãÀããäÞã¾ãñ Ìãã¤ãè ý ãä½ã¾ããâ ‚ããØãÆÖ•ãßãèâ ãäª£ãËãè Öãñ¦ããè ºãì¡ãè ý ÞããâØããäÞã ¦ãâî •ãÌãßãâ †ÅÖÌããèâ
‡ãŠã¤ãè ý ‡ãŠÌã¥ãì ½ãã¦ãñâ ýý58ýý ¶ãããä©ãËñ (Ë›‡ãñâŠ, ¶ãÔã¦ãñâ) ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ããâ †‡ãŠ ½ãããä¶ãËñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãÌÖ¦ã¾ãã
¶ãã½ã Øããñ¨ã ŸñãäÌãËñâ ý ©ããñÀ ãä¹ãÔãñâ Öãñ¦ãñâ ËãØãËñâ ý ¹ããäÀ ÀããäŒãËñâ ¦ãì½Öãèâ ýý59ýý ½ããØããâ •ãß¦ã
‡ãŠããä¤Ëñâ •ããñÖÀãèâ (ËãàããØãðÖãâ¦ãî¶ã) ý ¦ãõâ ¦ãñâ ªñÖãÔããèÞã ¼ã¾ã ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ Öñ •ããñÖÀÌããÀ ªìÔãÀãè ý
Þãõ¦ã¶¾ããÔã‡ãŠ› ýý60ýý ªìÀãØãÆÖñ ãäÖÀ¥¾ããàãñâ ý ½ãã¢ããè ºãìãä£ª ÌãÔãâì£ãÀã ÔãîªËãè ‡ãŠãŒãñ ý ½ãØã
½ããñÖã¥ãÃÌã ØãÌããàãñâ ý ãäÀÜããñãä¶ã ŸñËã ýý61ýý ¦ãñ©ã ¦ãì¢ãñãä¶ã ØããñÔããÌããè¹ã¥ãñâ ý †‡ãŠÌãñß ºãì£ªãèãäÞã¾ãã
Ÿã¾ãã ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ý Öñâ ªìÔãÀñâ ÌãÀãÖ Öãñ¥ãñâ ý ¹ããä¡Ëñâ ¦ãì•ã ýý62ýý †ñÔãñâ ‚ã¹ããÀ ¦ãì¢ãñâ ‡ãñŠËñâ ý †‡ãŠãè ÌããÞãã
‡ãŠã¾ã ½ããè ºããñËñâ ý ¹ããäÀ ¹ããâÞãÖãè ¹ããËÌã ½ããñ‡ãŠãäËËñâ ý ½ã•ã¹ãÆ¦ããè ýý63ýý ¦ãñâ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ¶ã ÌãÞãñãäÞã Ìããâ¾ããâ ý
¼ãËñâ ¾ãÎã ¹ãŠãÌãËñâ (•ããñãä¡Ëñâ, Ôãããä£ãËñâ) ªñÌãÀã¾ãã ý •ãñ Ôããª¿ãâ¦ã ½ãã¾ãã ý ãä¶ãÀãäÔãËãè ½ãã¢ããè ýý64ýý
‚ãã•ããèâ ‚ãã¶ãâªÔãÀãñÌãÀãèâÞããèâ ‡ãŠ½ãßñâ ý ¦ãõÔãñ Öñ ¦ãì¢ãñ ¡ãñßñ ý ‚ãã¹ãìãäË¾ãã ¹ãÆÔããªãÞããèâ Àã„Ëñâ (ªñÌãßñâ,
½ãâãäªÀñâ) ý •ã¾ããËãØããèâ ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããè ýý65ýý Öãâ Öãñ ¦ã¾ããÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã ½ããñÖãÞããè ¼ãñ›ãè ý Öñ ‡ãŠã¾ãÔããè ¹ããºãßãè
ØããñŸãè?ý ‡ãñŠ„¦ããè ½ãðØã•ãßãÞããè ÌãðÓ›ãè ý Ìã¡Ìãã¶ãßñâÔããè?ýý66ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ½ããè ¦ãâÌã ªã¦ããÀã ý ¾ãñ

‡ãðŠ¹ãñãäÞã¾ãñ ãäÀÜããñãä¶ã Øãã¼ããÀãâ ý Üãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ ÞããÀã ý ºãÆ½ÖÀÔããÞãã ýý67ýý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ½ãã¢ãã •ããè ½ããñÖ •ãã¾ãñ
ý †©ã ãäÌãÔ½ããñ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ‚ããÖñ?ý ¦ãÀãè „£ªÀËãñâ ‡ãŠãèâ ¦ãì¢ãñ ¹ãã¾ãñ ý ãäÎãÌã¦ãËñ ‚ããÖã¦ããè ýý68ýý
¼ãÌãã¹¾ã¾ããõ ãäÖ ¼ãî¦ãã¶ããâ Ñãì¦ããõ ãäÌãÔ¦ãÀÎããñ ½ã¾ãã ý ¦Ìã§ã: ‡ãŠ½ãË¹ã¨ããàã ½ããÖã¦½¾ããä¹ã ÞããÌ¾ã¾ã½ãá
ýý2ýý
¹ãõâ ‡ãŠ½ãËã¾ã¦ã¡ãñßÔãã (‡ãŠ½ãË¹ã¨ãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñâ ãäÌãÔ¦ããè¥ãÃ ‚ããÖñ¦ã ¶ãñ¨ã •¾ããÞãñ ‚ãÎãã) ý Ôãî¾ãÃ‡ãŠãñãä›¦ãñ•ãÔãã ý ãä½ã¾ããâ
¦ãì•ã¹ããÔããñãä¶ã ½ãÖñÎãã ý ¹ããäÀãäÔãËñâ ‚ãããä•ã ýý69ýý ƒ¾ãñâ ¼ãî¦ãñâ •ã¾ãã¹ãÀãè Öãñ¦ããè ý ‚ã©ãÌãã Ë¾ãã Ö¶ã
•ãõÔãñãä¶ã •ãã¦ããè ý ¦ãñ ½ã•ã¹ãì¤ãâ ¹ãÆ‡ãðŠ¦ããè ý ãäÌãÌãâãäÞãËãè ªñÌãñâ ýý70ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆ‡ãðŠ¦ããè ‡ãŠãèÀ „Øãã¥ãã
ãäª£ãËã ý ÌããäÀ ¹ãìÀìÓããÞããÖãè (¹ãÀ½ãã¦½¾ããÞãã) ŸãÌããñ ªããäÌãËã ý •ã¾ããÞãã ½ããäÖ½ãã ¹ããâÜãÀãñãä¶ã •ããÖËã ý
£ã¡ãõ¦ãã Ìãñªì ýý71ýý •ããè ÎãºªÀãÎããè Ìãã¤ñ ãä•ã¾ãñ ý ‡ãŠãâ £ã½ããÃ†ñãäÎã¾ãã À¦¶ããâ¦ãñâ ãäÌã¾ãñ ý ¦ãñ †ãä©ãâ ¹ãÆ¼ãñÞãñ
¹ãã¾ãñ ý ÌããñßØãñ ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ýý72ýý †ñÔãñâ ‚ãØãã£ã ½ããÖã¦½¾ã ý •ãñâ Ôã‡ãŠß½ããØãõÃ‡ãŠØã½¾ã (ÔãÌãÃ ½ããØãâãÃ¶ããè
†‡ãŠÞã •ãã¥ã¥¾ããÔã ¾ããñØ¾ã) ý •ãñâ ÔÌãã¦½ãã¶ãì¼ãÌãÀ½¾ã ý ¦ãñ ƒ¾ãã¹ãÀãè ªããäÌãËñâ ýý73ýý •ãõÔãã ‡ãñŠÀì
ãä¹ãŠ›ãäË¾ãã ‚ãã¼ããßãèâ ý ãäªŸãè ãäÀØãñ Ôãî¾ãÃ½ãâ¡ßãèâ ý ‡ãŠãâ Öã¦ãñâ ÔããÀîãä¶ã ºããºãìßãè ý •ãß ªñãäŒã•ãñ
ýý74ýý ¶ãã¦ããäÀ „‡ãŠË¦ã¾ããâ Ôãã¹ããÞãñ Ìãñ¤ñ ý •ãõÔãñâ Þãâª¶ãã ŒãñâÌã ªñ¥ãñâ Üã¡ñ ý ‚ã©ãÌãã ãäÌãÌãÔããè ¹ãßñ
½ãØã Þã¤ñ ý ãä¶ã£ãã¶ã Öã¦ããâ ýý75ýý ¦ãõÔããè ¹ãÆ‡ãðŠãä¦ã Öñ ‚ãã¡ Öãñ¦ããè ý ¦ãñ ªñÌãñâãäÞã ÔããÀãñãä¶ã ¹ãÀãõ¦ããè ý
½ãØã ¹ãÀ¦ã§Ìã ½ãããä¢ã¾ãñ ½ã¦ããè ý Îãñ•ããÀ ‡ãõŠËñâ ýý76ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ƒ¾ãñãäÌãÓã¾ããèâÞãã ½ã•ã ªñÌãã ý
¼ãÀâÌãÔãã ‡ãŠãèÀ •ããÖËã •ããèÌãã ý ¹ãÀãè ‚ãã¥ããè‡ãŠ †‡ãŠ ÖñÌãã ý „¹ã¶ãËã („¦¹ã¶¶ã ¢ããËã) ‚ãÔãñ ýý77ýý ¦ããñ
ãä¼ã¡ãâ •ãÀãè ½Ö¥ããñâ ÀãÖãñâ ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãã¶ãã (ªìÔãÅ¾ããËã) ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã ¹ãìÔããñâ •ããÌããñâ ý ‡ãŠã¾ã ¦ãì•ãÌããâÞããñãä¶ã ŸãÌããñ
ý •ãã¥ã¦ã ‚ããÖãñâ ‚ãã½Öãè?ýý78ýý •ãßÞãÀì •ãßãÞãã ‚ãã¼ããÀì £ãÀãè ý ºããß‡ãŠ Ô¦ã¶ã¹ãã¶ããèâ „¹ãÀãñ£ãì
‡ãŠÀãè ý ¦ãÀãè ¦ã¾ãã ãä•ã¥ã¾ãã (ÌããâÞã¥¾ããËã) ÑããèÖÀãè ý ‚ãã¶ã „¹ãã¾ããñ ‚ãÔãñ?ýý79ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¼ããè¡
Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ãè ¶ã £ãÀÌãñ ý •ããèÌãã ‚ããÌã¡ñ ¦ãñâÖãè ¦ãì•ã¹ãì¤ãâ ºããñËãÌãñâ ý ¦ãâÌã ÀãÖñâ ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ªñÌãñâ ý Þãã¡ ÔããâØãõâ
ýý80ýý
†Ìã½ãñ¦ãª¿ã©ããçç¦©ã ¦Ìã½ãã¦½ãã¶ãâ ¹ãÀ½ãñÎÌãÀ ý ªÆÓ›ìãä½ãÞœããä½ã ¦ãñ Àî¹ã½ãõÎÌãÀâ ¹ãìÀìÓããñ§ã½ã ýý3ýý
½ãØã ºããñãäËËã ¦ããñ ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý ½Ö¥ãñ ¦ãì½Öãèâ ‡ãñŠËãè •ãñ ØããñŸãè ý ãä¦ã¾ãã ¹ãÆ¦ããè¦ããèÞããè ãäªŸãè ý ãä¶ãÌããËãè
½ãã¢ããè ýý81ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ •ã¾ããÞãñãä¶ã Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ãñâ ý Öñ Ëãñ‡ãŠ¹ãÀâ¹ãÀã Öãñ¾ã ÖãÀ¹ãñ ý •ã¾ãã Ÿã¾ãã¦ãñâ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ
(‚ãã¹ã¥ã ÔÌã¦ã:) ý ½ããè †ñÔãñâ ½Ö¥ãÔããè ýý82ýý ¦ãñâ ½ãìªáªË Àî¹ã ¦ãì•ãñâ ý •ãñ©ãîãä¶ã ƒ¾ãñâ ãäÌª¼ãì•ãñâ Ö¶ã
Þã¦ãì¼ãìÃ•ãñâ ý ÔãìÀ‡ãŠã¾ããÃÞãñãä¶ã Ì¾ãã•ãñâ ý ÜãñÌããñâ ÜãñÌããñâ ¾ãñÔããè ýý83ýý ¹ãõâ •ãßÎã¾ã¶ãããäÞã¾ãã ‚ãÌãØããä¥ã¾ãã
ý ‡ãŠãâ ½ã¦Ô¾ã ‡ãîŠ½ãÃ ƒ¾ãã ãä½ãÀÌããä¥ã¾ãã ý Œãñßì ÔãÀãäË¾ãã ¦ãâî Øãìãä¥ã¾ãã (Øãì¥ããè, ‡ãŠÔãºããè, Öì¶¶ãÀÌããËã) ý
ÔããâŸãäÌãÔããè •ãñ©ã ýý84ýý „¹ããä¶ãÓãªñâ •ãñâ Øãã¦ããè ý ¾ããñãäØã¾ãñâ ×ª¾ããèâ ãäÀØããñãä¶ã ¹ããÖã¦ããè ý •ã¾ãã¦ãñâ
Ôã¶ã‡ãŠããäª‡ãŠ ‚ããÖã¦ããè ý ¹ããñ›ãßìãä¶ã¾ããâ ýý85ýý †ñÔãñâ ‚ãØãã£ã •ãñâ ¦ãì¢ãñâ ý ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ‡ãŠã¶ããèâ †ñãä‡ãŠ•ãñ ý
¦ãñâ ªñŒããÌã¾ãã ãäÞã§ã ½ãã¢ãñâ ý „¦ããÌããèß ªñÌãã ýý86ýý ªñÌãñâ ¹ãŠñ¡îãä¶ã¾ããâ Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ ý Ëãñ¼ãñâ ¹ãìãäÔãËãè •ãÀãè
Þãã¡ ý ¦ããäÀ ÖñãäÞã †‡ãŠãèâ Ìãã¡ ý ‚ãã¦ããèÃ •ããè ½ã•ã ýý87ýý ¦ãì¢ãñâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý ½ãããä¢ã¾ãñ ãäªŸãèãäÔã
ØããñÞãÀ Öãñ‚ããÌãñâ ý †ñÎããè ©ããñÀ ‚ããÔã •ããèÌãñâ ý ºããâ£ããñãä¶ã ‚ããÖñâ ýý88ýý
½ã¶¾ãÔãñ ¾ããäª ¦ãÞœ‡ã¾ãâ ½ã¾ãã ªÆÓ›ìãä½ããä¦ã ¹ãÆ¼ããñ ý ¾ããñØãñÎÌãÀ ¦ã¦ããñ ½ãñ ¦Ìãâ ªÎãÃ¾ãã¦½ã¶ã½ãÌ¾ã¾ã½ãá
ýý4ýý
¹ããäÀ ‚ãã¥ããè‡ãŠ †©ã ÎããØÝãèÃ ý ¦ãì•ã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãã¦ãñâ ªñŒããÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ý ¹ãõ ¾ããñØ¾ã¦ãã ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ‚ããâØããèâ ý
‚ãÔãñ ‡ãŠãèâ ¶ããÖãèâ ýý89ýý Öñâ ‚ãã¹ãËñâ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ½ããè ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ý ¦ãñâ ‡ãŠãâ ¶ãñ¥ãÔããè •ãÀãè ªñÌã ½Ö¥ãñ ý ¦ãÀãè
ÔãÀãñØãì ‡ãŠã¾ã •ãã¥ãñ ý ãä¶ãªã¶ã (ÔÌãÀî¹ã, ¹ãÀãèàãã) ÀãñØããÞãñâ?ýý90ýý ‚ãããä¥ã •ããè ‚ãã¦ããèÃÞãñãä¶ã ¹ããä¡¼ãÀñâ ý
‚ãã¦ãìÃ ‚ãã¹ãìËãè Ÿã‡ãŠãè (¾ããñØ¾ã¦ãã) ¹ãõâ ãäÌãÔãÀñ ý •ãõÔãã ¦ãã¶ÖñËã ½Ö¥ãñ ¶ã ¹ãìÀñ ý Ôã½ãìªÆ ½ã•ã ýý91ýý
†ñÎãã ÔãÞãã¡¹ã¥ãããäÞã ¼ãìËãè ý ¶ã Ôããâ¼ããßÌãñ Ôã½ãÔ¾ãã ‚ãã¹ãìËãè ý ¾ããËãØããèâ ¾ããñØ¾ã¦ãã •ãñÌããèâ ½ãã„Ëãè ý
ºããË‡ãŠãÞããè •ãã¥ãñ ýý92ýý ¦ã¾ãã¹ãÀãè Ñããè•ã¶ããªÃ¶ãã ý ãäÌãÞãããäÀ•ããñ ½ãã¢ããè Ôãâ¼ããÌã¶ãã (¾ããñØ¾ã¦ãã,
‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãÀ) ý ½ãØã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãªÎãÃ¶ãã ý „¹ã‡ãÆŠ½ã ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ýý93ýý ¦ãÀãè †ñÔããè ¦ãñ ‡ãðŠ¹ãã ‡ãŠÀã ý †ÅÖÌããèâ ¶ãÌÖñ
Öñâ ½Ö¥ãã ‚ãÌã£ããÀã ý Ìãã¾ããâ ¹ãâÞã½ããËã¹ãñâ ºããä£ãÀã ý ÔãìŒã ‡ãñŠ„¦ãñâ (‡ãŠÔãñâ, ‡ãŠãñŸî¶ã) ªñ¥ãñâ?ýý94ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ
¾ãñ‡ãŠËñ ºãããä¹ã¾ããÞãñ ¦ãðÓãñ ý ½ãñÜã •ãØãã¹ãìÀ¦ãñâ ‡ãŠã¾ã ¶ã ÌãÓãñÃ?ý ¹ãÀãè •ãÖãËãèÖãè ÌãðÓããè „¹ãŒãñ ý •ãÅÖãè
Œã¡‡ãŠãèâ Öãñ¾ã ýý95ýý Þã‡ãŠãñÀã ÞãâªÆã½ãð¦ã ¹ãŠãÌãËñâ (¹ãÆã¹¦ã ¢ããËñâ) ý ¾ãñÀãâ ‚ãã¥ã ÌããÖîãä¶ã ‡ãŠã¾ã ÌãããäÀËñâ?ý
¹ããäÀ ¡ãñß¿ããâÌããè¥ã ¹ããÖËñâ ý Ìãã¾ããâ •ãã¾ã ýý96ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ¦ãâî ÔãÖÔãã ý ªããäÌãÔããè ‡ãŠãèÀ Öã
¼ãÀâÌãÔãã ý ‡ãŠãâ •ãñ ‡ãŠ¡ã¡ãâ ‚ãããä¥ã ØããäÖâÔãã ý ½ãã•ããè ãä¶ã¦¾ã ¶ãÌãã ¦ãâî ‡ãŠãèâ ýý97ýý ¦ãì¢ãñâ ‚ããõªã¾ãÃ
•ãã¥ããñâ ÔÌã¦ãâ¨ã ý ªñ¦ããâ ¶ã ½Ö¥ãÔããè ¹ãã¨ãã¹ãã¨ã ý ¹ãõâ ‡ãõŠÌãÊ¾ã †ñÔãñâ ¹ããäÌã¨ã ý •ãñâ ÌãõãäÀ¾ããâÖãè ãäª£ãËñâ
ýý98ýý ½ããñàãì ªìÀãÀã£¾ãì ‡ãŠãèÀ Öãñ¾ã ý ¹ããäÀ ¦ããñÖãè ‚ããÀã£ããè ¦ãì¢ãñ ¹ãã¾ã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã £ãããä¡Ôããè ¦ãñ©ã
•ãã¾ã ý ¹ããƒ‡ãìŠ •ãõÔãã ýý99ýý ¦ãìÌããâ Ôã¶ã‡ãŠããäª‡ãŠãâÞãñãä¶ã ½ãã¶ãñâ ý Ôãã¾ãì•¾ããèâ ÔããõÀÔãì ãäª£ãËã ¹ãî¦ã¶ãñ
ý •ãñ ãäÌãÓããÞãñãä¶ã Ô¦ã¶ã¹ãã¶ãñâ ý ½ããÀâî ‚ããËãè ýý100ýý Öãâ Øãã Àã•ãÔãî¾ã ¾ããØãããäÞã¾ãã Ôã¼ããÔãªãèâ ý
ªñŒã¦ããâ ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ããÞããè ½ããâªãè ý ‡ãõŠÔãã Îã¦ã£ãã ªìÌããÃ‡ã¾ã Îãºªãè ý ãä¶ãÔ¦ãñãä•ãËãÔããè ýý1ýý †ñãäÎã¾ãã
‚ã¹ãÀããä£ã¾ãã ãäÎãÎãì¹ããßã ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ŸãÌããñ ãäª£ãËã Øããñ¹ããßã ý ‚ãããä¥ã „§ãã¶ãÞãÀ¥ãããäÞã¾ãã ºããßã ý
‡ãŠã¾ã £ãÆìÌã¹ãªãèâ Þãã¡?ýý2ýý ¦ããñ Ìã¶ãã ‚ããËã ¾ãããäÞãËãØããèâ ý •ãñ ºãõÔããÌãñâ ãä¹ã¦ã¾ãããäÞã¾ãã „¦ÔãâØããèâ ý
‡ãŠãèâ ¦ããñ ÞãâªÆÔãî¾ããÃãäª‡ãŠãâ¹ããäÀÔã •ãØããèâ ý ÎËãÜ¾ãì ‡ãñŠËã ýý3ýý †ñÔãã Ìã¶ãÌãããäÔã¾ãã Ôã‡ãŠßãâ ý ªñ¦ãã
†‡ãŠãäÞã ¦ãâî £ãÔããßã (½ããØãñâ ¹ãì¤ñâ ¶ã ¹ããÖ¥ããÀã, ‚ããÌãñÎããè) ý ¹ãì¨ãã ‚ããßãäÌã¦ããâ ‚ã•ãããä½ãßã ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ªñÔããè
ýý4ýý •ãñ¥ãñâ „Àãèâ Öããä¥ã¦ãËããäÔã ¹ããâ¹ãÀã ý ¦ã¾ããÞãã ÞãÀ¥ãì ÌããÖãÔããè ªã¦ããÀã ý ‚ã¢ãìãä¶ã ÌãõãäÀ¾ããâãäÞã¾ãã
‡ãŠËñÌãÀã ý ãäÌãÔãâºãÔããè¶ãã (ãäÌãÔãÀ¦ã ¶ããÖãèâÔã) ýý5ýý †ñÔãã ‚ã¹ã‡ãŠããäÀ¾ããâ ¦ãì¢ãã „¹ã‡ãŠãÀì ý ¦ãâî ‚ã¹ãã¨ããèâÖãè
¹ããäÀ „ªãÀì ý ªñ ªã¶ã ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ªãÀÌãâ›ñ‡ãŠÀì ý •ããÖËãÔããè ºãßãèÞãã ýý6ýý ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ‚ããÀã£ããè¶ãã ‚ãã¾ã‡ãñâŠ
ý Öãñ¦ããè ¹ãìâÔãã ºããñËããäÌã¦ã ‡ãŠãõ¦ãì‡ãñâŠ ý ãä¦ã¾ãñ Ìãõ‡ãìâŠŸãè ¦ãìÌããâ Øããä¥ã‡ãñŠ ý ÔãìÀÌãã¡ì ‡ãñŠËã ýý7ýý †ñÔããè
¹ããÖîãä¶ã Ìãã¾ãã¥ããèâ ãä½ãÓãñâ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ªñÌããñâ ËãØãÔããè Ìãããä¶ãÌãÔãñâ (ÔãÖ•ã, ‡ãŠãõ¦ãì‡ãŠã¶ãñâ) ý ¦ããñ ¦ãâî ‡ãŠãâ
‚ã¶ãããäÀÔãñâ ý ½ã•ãËãØããèâ ‡ãŠãäÀÔããè ýý8ýý Öãâ Øããâ ªì¼ã¦ã¾ããÞãñãä¶ã ¹ãÌãã¡ñâ ý •ãñ •ãØããÞãñâ ¹ãŠñ¡ãè Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ñâ ý
ãä¦ã¾ãñ ‡ãŠã½ã£ãñ¶ãîÞãñ ¹ãã¡ñ (ØããñÅÖñ, Œããñâ¡) ý ‡ãŠã¾ã ¼ãì‡ãñŠËñ Ÿã¦ããè?ýý9ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ãä½ã¾ããâ •ãñâ ãäÌã¶ããäÌãËñâ
‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ¦ãñâ ªñÌã ¶ã ªãŒããäÌã¦ããè Öñâ ‡ãŠãèÀ ¶ããÖãèâ ý ¹ãÀãè ªñŒããÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ªñƒÃâ ý ¹ãã¨ã¦ãã ½ã•ã
ýý110ýý ¦ãì¢ãñâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ‚ãã‡ãŠßñ ý †ñÔãñ •ãÀãè •ãã¥ãÔããè ½ãã¢ãñ ¡ãñßñ ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãã¦ããèÃÞãñ ¡ãñÖßñ ý
¹ãìÀÌããèâ ªñÌãã ýý11ýý †ñÔããè Ÿã¾ãñâŸãÌããñ ãäÌã¶ãâ¦ããè ý •ãâÌã ‡ãŠÀâî ÔãÀËã Ôãì¼ãªÆã¹ã¦ããè ý ¦ãâÌã ¦ã¾ãã
Óã¡áØãì¥ãÞã‡ãÆŠÌã¦ããèÃ (—ãã¶ã,ÌãõÀãØ¾ã,¾ãÎã,Ñããè,†ñÎÌã¾ãÃ Ìã £ã½ãÃ ¾ããâÞãã ÔããÌãÃ¼ããõ½ã Àã•ãã) ý ÔããÖÌãñãäÞã¶ãã ýý12ýý ¦ããñ
‡ãðŠ¹ãã¹ããè¾ãìÓãÔã•ãßì ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãñÀì •ãÌãßãâ ‚ããËã ÌãÓããÃ‡ãŠãßì ý ¶ãã¶ãã Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ã ‡ãŠãñãä‡ãŠßì ý ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã
ÌãÔãâ¦ãì ýý13ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ÞãâªÆãäºãâºã Ìãã›ãñßñâ ý ªñŒããñãä¶ã àããèÀÔããØãÀ „Þãâºãßñ ý ¦ãõÔãã ªì¥ãñâÖãè
(ªì¹ã›ãè¹ãñàããâ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ) ÌãÀãè ¹ãÆñ½ãºãßñâ ý „ÊËãäÔã¦ãì •ããÖËã ýý14ýý ½ãØã ãä¦ã¾ãñ ¹ãÆÔã¶¶ã¦ãñÞãñãä¶ã ‚ãã›ãñ¹ãñâ ý
Øãã•ããñãä¶ã ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ Ôã‡ãðŠ¹ãñâ ý ¹ãã©ããÃ ªñŒã ªñŒã ‚ã½ãì¹ãñâ ý ÔÌãÀî¹ãñâ ½ãã¢ããèâ ýý15ýý †‡ãŠ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã
ªñŒããÌãñâ ý †ñÔãã ½ã¶ããñÀ©ãì ‡ãñŠËã ¹ããâ¡Ìãñâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã½ã¾ã ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã Üãã¦ãËñâ ýý16ýý ºãã¹ã
„ªãÀ ªñÌããñ ‚ã¹ããäÀãä½ã¦ãì ý ¾ããÞã‡ãŠ ÔÌãñÞœã Ôãªãñãäª¦ãì ý ‚ãÔãñ ÔãÖÔãÆÌãÀãè ªñ¦ãì ý ÔãÌãÃÔÌã ‚ãã¹ãìËñâ
ýý17ýý ‚ãÖãñ ÎãñÓããÞãñãäÖ ¡ãñßñ ÞããñãäÀËñ ý Ìãñª •ã¾ããËãØããèâ ¢ã‡ãŠãäÌãËñ ý Ëà½ããè¾ãñÖãè ÀãÖãäÌãËñâ ý
ãä•ãÌÖãÀ •ãñâ ýý18ýý ¦ãñâ ‚ãã¦ããâ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠ›ì¶ããè ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ£ãã ý ‡ãŠÀãè¦ã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãªÎãÃ¶ããÞãã £ããâªã ý ºãã¹ã
¼ããØ¾ãã ‚ãØãã£ãã ý ¹ãã©ããÃãäÞã¾ãã ýý19ýý ¦ããñ •ããØã¦ãã ÔÌã¹¶ããÌãÔ©ãñ •ãã¾ãñ ý ¦ããñ •ãñÌããèâ ÔÌã¹¶ããèâÞãñâ
‚ããÜãÌãñâ Öãñ¾ãñ ý ¦ãñÌããèâ ‚ã¶ãâ¦ã ºãÆ½Ö‡ãŠ›ãÖ ‚ããÖñ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ããäÞã •ããÖËã ýý120ýý ¦ãñ ÔãÖÔãã ½ãìªÆã
Ôããñãä¡Ëãè ý ‚ãããä¥ã Ô©ãîßªðÓ›ãèÞããè (½ã¶ãìÓ¾ãªðÓ›ãèÞããè, ‚ã—ãã¶ãªðÓ›ãèÞããè) •ãÌããä¶ã‡ãŠã ¹ãŠñãä¡Ëãè ý ãä‡ãŠâºãÖì¶ãã
„Üããä¡Ëãè ý ¾ããñØã¨ãÉ£ªãè ýý21ýý ¹ãÀãè Öã Öñâ ªñŒãñË ‡ãŠãèâ ¶ããÖãèâ ý †ñÔããè ÔãñãäÞã ¶ã ‡ãŠÀãè ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý
†‡ãŠÔãÀãâ ½Ö¥ã¦ãÔãñ ¹ããÖãèâ ý Ô¶ãñÖã¦ãìÀ ýý22ýý
Ñããè¼ãØãÌãã¶ãìÌããÞã : ¹ãÎ¾ã ½ãñ ¹ãã©ãÃ Àì¹ãããä¥ã Îã¦ãÎããñç©ã ÔãÖÔãÆÎã: ý ¶ãã¶ãããäÌã£ãããä¶ã ãäªÌ¾ãããä¶ã
¶ãã¶ããÌã¥ããÃ‡ãðŠ¦ããèãä¶ã Þã ýý5ýý
‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãã ¦ãìÌããâ †‡ãŠ ªãÌãã ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñâãäÞã ªãÌãâî ¦ããäÀ ‡ãŠã¾ã ªããäÌãËñâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ªñŒãñâ ‚ããÜãÌãñâ
¼ããäÀËñâ ý ½ãã¢¾ãããäÞã Àî¹ããèâ ýý23ýý †‡ãñâŠ ‡ãðŠÎãñâ †‡ãñâŠ Ô©ãîßñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ÅÖÔÌãñâ †‡ãñâŠ ãäÌãÎããßñâ ý ¹ãð©ãì¦ãÀñâ
ÔãÀßñâ ý ‚ã¹ãÆãâ¦ãñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý24ýý †‡ãñâŠ ‚ã¶ããÌãÀñâ ¹ãÆãâ•ãßñâ ý ÔãÌ¾ãã¹ããÀñâ („ª¿ããñØã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀãèâ) †‡ãñâŠ ãä¶ãÎÞãßñâ
ý „ªãÔããè¶ãñâ Ô¶ãñÖãßñâ ý ¦ããèÌãÆñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý25ýý †‡ãñâŠ Üãîãä¥ãÃ¦ãñâ ÔããÌã£ãñâ ý ‚ãÔãËØãñâ (ÔãìØã½ã,Ôããñ¹ããè) †‡ãñâŠ
‚ãØãã£ãñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ „ªãÀñâ ‚ããä¦ãºã£ªñâ ý ‡ãÆìŠ£ªñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý26ýý †‡ãñâŠ Îããâ¦ãñâ Ôã¶½ãªñâ ý Ô¦ãº£ãñâ †‡ãñâŠ Ôãã¶ãâªñâ ý
Øããä•ãÃ¦ãñâ ãä¶ãÎãºªñâ ý Ôããõ½¾ãñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý27ýý †‡ãñâŠ Ôãããä¼ãËãÓãñâ ãäÌãÀ§ãñâŠ ý „ãä¶¶ããäªÆ¦ãñâ †‡ãñâŠ ãä¶ããäªÆ¦ãñâ ý
¹ããäÀ¦ãìÓ›ñâ †‡ãñâŠ ‚ãã¦ãñÃâ ý ¹ãÆÔã¶¶ãñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý28ýý †‡ãñâŠ ‚ãÎãÔ¨ãñâ ÔãÎãÔ¨ãñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ÀãõªñÆâ ‚ããä¦ã ãä½ã¨ãñâ ý
¼ã¾ãã¶ã‡ãñâŠ †‡ãñâŠ ãäÌããäÞã¨ãñâ ý Ë¾ãÔ©ãñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý29ýý †‡ãñâŠ •ã¶ãËãèËããäÌãËãÔãñâ („¦¹ããä§ã‡ãŠ½ãâãÃ¦ã) ý †‡ãñâŠ
¹ããË¶ãÎããèËñâ ËãËÔãñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ÔãâÖãÀ‡ãñâŠ ÔããÌãñÎãñâ ý Ôãããäàã¼ãî¦ãñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý130ýý †Ìãâ ¶ãã¶ãããäÌã£ãñâ ¹ãÀãè
ºãÖìÌãÔãñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ãäªÌ¾ã¦ãñ•ã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÎãñâ ý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã †‡ãŠ†‡ãŠã†ñÔãñâ ý Ìã¥ãÃÖãè ¶ãÌÖñ ýý31ýý †‡ãñâŠ ¦ãã¦ãËñâ
Ôãã¡ñ¹ãâ£ãÀñâ (ãä¶ã½ãÃß Ôããñ¶ãñâ) ý ¦ãõÔããèâ ‡ãŠãä¹ãËÌã¥ãñÃâ ‚ã¹ããÀñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ÔãÌãâãÃØããè •ãõÔãñâ ÔãñâªìÀñâ ý ¡ÌãÀËñâ ¶ã¼ã
ýý32ýý †‡ãñâŠ ÔãããäÌã¾ãããäÞã Þãìßì‡ãŠãèâ ý •ãõÔãñâ ºãÆ½Ö‡ãŠ›ãÖ ŒããäÞãËñâ ½ãããä¥ã‡ãŠãèâ ý †‡ãñâŠ
‚ãÀì¥ããñª¾ããÔãããäÀŒããèâ ý ‡ãìâŠ‡ãìŠ½ãÌã¥ãñÃâ ýý33ýý †‡ãñâŠ Îãì£ªÔ¹ãŠãä›‡ãŠÔããñ•Ìãßñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ
ƒâªÆ¶ããèßÔãì¶ããèßñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ‚ãâ•ã¶ãÌã¥ãñÃâ Ôã‡ãŠãßñâ ý À§ãŠÌã¥ãñÃâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý34ýý †‡ãñâŠ ËÔã¦‡ãŠãâÞã¶ãÔã½ã
ãä¹ãâÌãßãèâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ¶ãÌã•ãËªÎ¾ãã½ãßãèâ (¶ãÌ¾ãã ½ãñÜãã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñâ Î¾ãã½ãËÌã¥ããÃÞããèâ) ý †‡ãñâŠ Þããâ¹ãñØããõÀãèâ ‡ãñŠÌãßãèâ ý
ÖãäÀ¦ãñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý35ýý †‡ãñâŠ ¦ã¹¦ã¦ãã½ãÆ¦ããâºã¡ãèâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ÎÌãñ¦ãÞãâªÆ ÞããñŒã¡ãèâ ý †ñÔããèâ ¶ãã¶ããÌã¥ãñÃâ Àî¹ã¡ãèâ ý
ªñŒãñâ ½ãã¢ããèâ ýý36ýý Öñ •ãõÔãñ ‡ãŠãâ ‚ãã¶ãã¶ã Ìã¥ãÃ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ãã‡ãðŠ¦ããèâÖãèãè ‚ã¶ãããäÀÔãñ¹ã¥ã ý Ëã•ãã ‡ãâŠª¹ãÃ
ãäÀÜããËã ÎãÀ¥ã ý ¦ãõÔããè ÔãìâªÀñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý37ýý †‡ãñâŠ ‚ããä¦ãËãÌã¥¾ãÔãã‡ãŠãÀñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ãäÔ¶ãØ£ãÌã¹ãì
(¦ãñ•ã:¹ãìâ•ã ÎãÀãèÀñâ) ½ã¶ããñÖÀñâ ý ÎãâðØããÀãäÑã¾ãñÞããèâ ¼ããâ¡ãÀñâ ý „Üããä¡Ëãèâ •ãõÔããèâ ýý38ýý †‡ãñâŠ
¹ããè¶ããÌã¾ãÌã½ããâÔããßñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ÎãìÓ‡ãñâŠ ‚ããä¦ããäÌã‡ãÆŠãßñâ ý †‡ãñâŠ ªãèÜãÃ‡ãâŠŸñâ ãäÌã¦ããßñâ ý ãäÌã‡ãŠ›ñâ †‡ãñâŠ ýý39ýý
†Ìãâ ¶ãã¶ãããäÌã£ãã‡ãðŠ¦ããè ý ƒ¾ããâ ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ¹ããÀì ¶ããÖãèâ Ôãì¼ãªÆã¹ã¦ããè ý ¾ã¾ããâÞ¾ãã †‡ãñŠ‡ãŠãèâ ‚ãâØã¹ãÆãâ¦ããèâ ý ªñŒã
¹ããâ •ãØã ýý140ýý
¹ãÎ¾ããççãäª¦¾ãã¶ãá ÌãÔãî¶ãá ÀìªÆã¶ããäÎÌã¶ããõ ½ãÀì¦ãÔ¦ã©ãã ý ºãÖî¶¾ãªðÓ›¹ãîÌããÃãä¥ã ¹ãÎ¾ããÎÞã¾ããÃãä¥ã ¼ããÀ¦ã
ýý6ýý
•ãñ©ã „¶½ããèË¶ã Öãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ ãäªŸãè ý ¦ãñ©ã ¹ãÔãÀ¦ããè ‚ãããäª¦¾ããâãäÞã¾ãã ÔãðÓ›ãè ý ¹ãì¤¦ããè ãä¶ã½ããèË¶ããèâ
ãä½ãŸãè ý ªñ¦ã ‚ããÖã¦ããè ýý41ýý Ìãª¶ããèâãäÞã¾ãã Ìãã¹ãŠñÔãÌãñâ ý Öãñ¦ã •Ìããßã½ã¾ã ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý •ãñ©ã
¹ããÌã‡ãŠããäª‡ãŠ ¹ããÌãñ ý Ôã½ãîÖ ÌãÔãâîÞãã ýý42ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ãÆîË¦ããâÞãñ ÎãñÌã› ý ‡ãŠãñ¹ãñâ ãä½ãßãñâ ¹ããÖ¦ããè †‡ãŠÌã›
ý ¦ãñ©ã ÀìªÆØã¥ããâÞãñ ÔãâÜãã› ý ‚ãÌã¦ãÀ¦ã („¹ã•ã¦ããâ) ªñŒãñâ ýý43ýý ¹ãõâ Ôããõ½¾ã¦ãñÞãã ÌããñËãÌãã ý ãä½ã¦ããè
¶ãñãä¥ã•ãñ ‚ããäÎÌã¶ããõªñÌããâ ý Ñããñ¨ããèâ Öãñ¦ããè ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ Ìãã¾ãì ýý44ýý ¾ãã¹ãÀãè †‡ãñŠ‡ãŠããäÞã¾ãñ Ëãèßñ ý
•ã¶½ã¦ããè ÔãìÀãäÔã£ªãâÞããèâ ‡ãìŠßñâ ý †ñÔããèâ ‚ã¹ããÀñâ ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌãÎããßñâ ý Àî¹ãñâ ƒ¾ãñâ ¹ããÖãèâ ýý45ýý •ã¾ãã¦ãñâ
ÔããâØããÌã¾ãã Ìãñª ºããñºã¡ñ ý ¹ãÖãÌã¾ãã ‡ãŠãßãÞãñâÖãè ‚ãã¾ãìÓ¾ã ©ããñ‡ãŠ¡ñâ ý £ãã¦ã¾ããÖãè (ºãÆ½ÖªñÌããËããäÖ) ¹ããäÀ ¶ã
Ôããâ¹ã¡ñ ý ŸãÌã •ã¾ããâÞãã ýý46ýý •ã¾ããâ¦ãñ Ìãñª¨ã¾ããè ‡ãŠ£ããèâ ¶ãã¾ã‡ãñŠ ý ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ƒ¾ãñâ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ªñŒã ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãñâŠ
ý ¼ããñØããèâ ‚ããÎÞã¾ããÃÞããèâ ‡ãŠÌããä¦ã‡ãñâŠ ý ½ãÖããäÔã£ªãè ýý47ýý
ƒÖõ‡ãŠÔ©ãâ •ãØã¦ãá ‡ãðŠ¦Ô¶ã ¹ãÎ¾ããª¿ã ÔãÞãÀãÞãÀ½ãá ý ½ã½ã ªñÖñ Øãì¡ã‡ãñŠÎã ¾ãÞÞãã¶¾ãªá ªÆÓ›ìãä½ãÞœãäÔã
ýý7ýý
ƒ¾ãã ½ãî¦ããèÃãäÞã¾ãã ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý Àãñ½ã½ãîßãèâ ªñŒãñâ ¹ããâ ÔãðÓ›ãè ý ÔãìÀ¦ãÀì¦ãßÌã›ãèâ ý ¦ãð¥ããâ‡ãìŠÀ •ãõÔãñ
ýý48ýý Þãâ¡Ìãã¦ããÞãñãä¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÎãñâ ý „¡¦ã ¹ãÀ½ãã¥ãì ãäªÔã¦ããè •ãõÔãñ ý ¼ãÆ½ã¦ã ºãÆ½Ö‡ãŠ›ãÖ ¦ãõÔãñ ý
‚ãÌã¾ãÌãÔãâ£ããèâ ýý49ýý †©ã †‡ãõŠ‡ãŠããäÞã¾ãã ¹ãÆªñÎããèâ ý ãäÌãÎÌã ªñŒã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀñâÎããèâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ãäÌãÎÌããÖãè
¹ãÀãõ¦ãñâ ½ãã¶ãÔããèâ ý •ãÀãè ªñŒããÌãñâ Ìã¦ãñÃ ýý150ýý ¦ãÀãè ƒ¾ãñÖãè ãäÌãÓã¾ããèâÞãñâ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý †©ã ÔãÌãÃ©ãã
Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ñâ („¥ããèÌã,Ôãâ‡ãŠ›) ¶ããÖãèâ ý ÔãìŒãñâ ‚ããÌã¡ñ ¦ãñâ ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ªñÖãèâ ý ªñŒãÔããè ¦ãâî ýý51ýý †ñÔãñâ
ãäÌãÎÌã½ãî¦ããèÃ (ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããè Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãã¶ãñâ) ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ý ºããñãäËËñâ ‡ãŠãÀì¥¾ã¹ãî¥ãñÃâ ý ¦ãâÌã ªñŒã¦ã ‚ããÖñ ‡ãŠãèâ ¶ããÖãèâ ¶ã
½Ö¥ãñ ý ãä¶ãÌããâ¦ãìãäÞã ¾ãñÀì ýý52ýý †©ã ‡ãŠãâ ¹ããâ Öã „ØãËã?ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãñâ •ãâÌã ¹ãããäÖËã ý ¦ãâÌã
‚ãã¦ããèÃÞãñâ Ëñ¥ãñâ ËñƒËã ý ¦ãõÔãããäÞã ‚ããÖñ ýý53ýý
¶ã ¦ãì ½ããâ Îã‡ã¾ãÔãñ ªÆÓ›ì½ã¶ãñ¶ãõÌã ÔÌãÞãàãìÓãã ý ãäªÌ¾ãâ ªªããä½ã ¦ãñ Þãàãì: ¹ãÎ¾ã ½ãñ ¾ããñØã½ãõÎÌãÀ½ãá
ýý8ýý
½ãØã ½Ö¥ãñ „¦‡ãâŠŸñ ÌããñÖ› ¶ã ¹ã¡ñ ý ‚ã¢ãì¶ããè ÔãìŒããÞããè Ôããñ¾ã ¶ã Ôããâ¹ã¡ñ ý ¹ãÀãè ªããäÌãËñâ ¦ãñâ ¹ãìŠ¡ñâ ý
¶ãã‡ãŠßñãäÞã (£¾ãã¶ããâ¦ã ¾ãñƒÃ¶ãã) ¾ã¾ãã ýý54ýý Öñâ ºããñËãñãä¶ã ªñÌããñ ÖãâãäÔãËñ ý ÖãâÔããñãä¶ã ªñŒããä¥ã¾ãã
(¹ããÖã¥ããÅ¾ãã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ããÔã) ¦ãñâ ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ý ‚ãã½Öãèâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ¦ãÀãè ªããäÌãËñâ ý ¹ãÀãè ¶ã ªñŒãÔããèÞã ¦ãâî ýý55ýý
¾ã¾ãã ºããñËã ¾ãñÀñâ ãäÌãÞãàã¥ãñâ ý ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ Öãâ •ããè ‡ãŠÌã¥ããÔããè (Öã ªãñÓã ‡ãŠãñ¥ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ) ¦ãñâ „¥ãñâ?ý ¦ãì½Öãè
ºã‡ãŠã‡ãŠÀÌããèâ Þããâãäª¥ãñâ ý ÞãÀ…â ¹ãÖã ½ãã!ýý56ýý Öãâ Öãñ „›ãñãä¶ã¾ããâ ‚ãããäÀÔãã ý ‚ããâ£ããäß¾ãã ªã…â
ºãõÔãã ý ºããäÖãäÀ¾ãã¹ãì¤ñâ ×Óããè‡ãñŠÎãã ý Øãã¥ããèÌã ‡ãŠÀã ýý57ýý ½ã‡ãŠÀâª‡ãŠ¥ããÞãã ÞããÀã ý •ãã¥ã¦ããâ
ÜããËîãä¶ã ªªÃìÀã ý Ìãã¾ããâ £ãã¡ã ÎããØÝÃ£ãÀã ý ‡ãŠãñ¹ãã ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã ýý57ýý •ãñâ ‚ã¦ããèâãäªÆ¾ã ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
Ì¾ãÌããäÔ©ãËñâ ý ‡ãñŠÌãß —ãã¶ãªðÓ›ãèãäÞã¾ãã ¼ããØãã ãä¹ãŠ›Ëñâ ý ¦ãñâ ¦ãì½Öãèâ Þã½ãÃÞãàãâî¹ãì¤ñâ ÔãîªËñâ ý ½ããè
‡ãõŠÔãñãä¶ã ªñŒãñâ ýý59ýý ¹ãÀãè Öñâ ¦ãì½ãÞãñâ „¥ãñâ ¶ã ºããñËãÌãñâ ý ½ããèãäÞã ÔããÖñâ ¦ãñâãäÞã ºãÀÌãñâ ý †©ã ‚ãããä©ã
½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ªñÌãñâ ý ½ãã¶ãâî ºãã¹ãã ýý160ýý ÔããÞã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã •ãÀãè ‚ãã½Öãèâ ªãÌããÌãñâ ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãã£ããèâ
ªñŒããÌã¾ãã Ôãã½ã©¾ãÃ ‡ãŠãèâ ª¿ããÌãñâ ý ¹ãÀãè ºããñË¦ã ºããñË¦ã ¹ãÆñ½ã¼ããÌãñâ ý £ãÔããß ØãñËãñâ ýý61ýý ‡ãŠã¾ã
•ããÖËñâ ¶ã ÌããÖ¦ããâ ¼ãìƒÃâ ¹ãñãäÀ•ãñ ý ¦ãÀãè ¦ããñ ÌãñËì ãäÌãË¾ãã •ããƒ•ãñ ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãã¦ããâ ½ãã¢ãñâ ãä¶ã•ãÀî¹ã
ªñãäŒã•ãñ ý ¦ãñâ ªðÓ›ãè ªñÌããñâ ¦ãì•ã ýý62ýý ½ãØã ãä¦ã¾ãã ªðÓ›ãè ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý ‚ãã½ãìÞãã †ñÎÌã¾ãÃ¾ããñØãì ‚ããÜãÌãã ý
ªñŒããñãä¶ã¾ããâ ‚ã¶ãì¼ãÌãã ý ½ãããä•ãÌã¡ã (‚ã¶ãì¼ãÌããâ¦ãØãÃ¦ã, ½ã£¾ãñâ) ‡ãŠÀãèâ ýý63ýý †ñÔãñâ ¦ãñ¥ãñâ Ìãñªãâ¦ãÌãñª¿ãñâ ý
Ôã‡ãŠß Ëãñ‡ãŠ ‚ããª¿ãñâ ý ºããñãäËËñâ ‚ããÀã£¾ãñâ ý •ãØããÞãñãä¶ã ýý64ýý
Ôãâ•ã¾ã „ÌããÞã :
†Ìã½ãì‡ã¦Ìãã ¦ã¦ããñ Àã•ã¶ãá ½ãÖã¾ããñØãñÎÌãÀãñ ÖãäÀ: ý ªÎãÃ¾ãã½ããÔã ¹ãã©ããÃ¾ã ¹ãÀ½ãâ Àî¹ã½ãõÎÌãÀ½ãá ýý9ýý
¹ãõâ ‡ãŠãõÀÌã‡ãìŠËÞã‡ãÆŠÌã¦ããèÃ ý ½ã•ã ÖããäÞã ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ããñ ¹ãì¤¦ã¹ãì¤¦ããè ý •ãñ ãäÑã¾ãñÖîãä¶ã ãä¨ã•ãØã¦ããèâ ý ÔãªõÌã
‚ãÔãñ ‡ãŠÌã¥ããè?ýý65ýý ¶ãã ¦ãÀãè Œãì¥ãñÞãñâ Ìãã¶ããÌã¾ããËãØããèâ (Ìã¥ãÃ¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ) ý Ñãì¦ããèÌããâÞãîãä¶ã
ªãÌãã ¹ããâ •ãØããèâ ý ¶ãã ÔãñÌã‡ãŠ¹ã¥ã ¦ãÀãè ‚ããâØããèâ ý ÎãñÓããÞ¾ãããäÞã ‚ãããä©ã ýý66ýý Öãâ Öãñ •ã¾ããÞãñãä¶ã

ÔããñÔãñâ ý ãäÎã¥ã¦ã ‚ããŸÖãè ¹ãÖãÀ ¾ããñØããè •ãõÔãñ ý ‚ã¶ãìÔãÀËñ ØãÀì¡ã†ñÔãñâ ý ‡ãŠÌã¥ã ‚ããÖñ?ýý67ýý ¹ãÀãè
¦ãñâ ‚ããÜãÌãñâãäÞã †‡ãŠãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ŸñËñâ ý Ôãã¹ãñâ ‡ãðŠÓ¥ãÔãìŒã †‡ãâŠªÀñâ •ããÖËñâ ý ãä•ã¾ãñ ãäªÌãîãä¶ã •ã¶½ãËñ ý ¹ããâ¡Ìã
Öñ ýý68ýý ¹ããäÀ ¹ããâÞããâÖãè ‚ããâ¦ãì ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãã ý Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ã ÔãããäÌã¾ãããäÞã (ÔãÖ•ãÞã) •ããÖËã ‚ã£ããè¶ãã ý
‡ãŠã½ãì‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãâ •ãõÔãã ‚ãâØã¶ãã ý ‚ãã¹ãõ¦ãã ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ýý69ýý ¹ã¤ãäÌãËñâ ¹ãããäŒãÀâî †ñÔãñâ ¶ã ºããñËñ ý ¾ãã¹ãÀãè
‡ãÆŠãè¡ã½ãðØãÖãè ¦ãõÔãã ¶ã ÞãËñ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ªõÌã †©ãñâ ÔãìÀÌãã¡Ëñâ ý ¦ãñâ •ãã¥ããñâ ¶ã ¾ãñ ýý170ýý ‚ãããä•ã
¹ãÀºãÆ½Ö Öñâ ÔãØãßñâ ý ¼ããñØããÌã¾ãã ÔãªõÌã ¾ããÞãñãäÞã ¡ãñßñ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñ ÌããÞãñãä¶ã Ö¶ã Ëßñ ý ¹ããßãè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ
ýý71ýý Öã ‡ãŠãñ¹ãñ ‡ãŠãèâ ãä¶ãÌããâ¦ãì ÔããÖñ ý Öã ÀìÔãñ ¦ãÀãè ºãì¢ããÌããè¦ã •ãã¾ãñ ý ¶ãÌãË ãä¹ãÔãñâ ËãØãËñâ ‚ããÖñ ý
¹ãã©ããÃÞãñâ ªñÌãã ýý72ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ãäÌãÓã¾ã ãä•ã¥ããñãä¶ã •ã¶½ãËñ ý •ãñ Îãì‡ãŠããäª‡ãŠ ªãªìËñ ý ¦ãñ ãäÌãÓã¾ããñãä¶ã
Ìãããä¶ã¦ããâ •ããÖËñ ý ¼ãã› (Ô¦ãìãä¦ã¹ããŸ‡ãŠ) ¾ã¾ããÞãñâ ýý73ýý Öã ¾ããñãäØã¾ããâÞãñâ Ôã½ãããä£ã£ã¶ã ý ‡ãŠãèâ Öãñ…¶ã
ŸñËñâ ¹ãã©ããÃ‚ã£ããè¶ã ý ¾ããËãØããèâ ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ããñ ½ãã¢ãñâ ½ã¶ã ý ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãÔãñ Àã¾ãã ýý74ýý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã Ôãâ•ã¾ã
½Ö¥ãñ ‡ãŠã¾ãÔãã ý ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ããñ †©ãñâ ‡ãŠãõÀÌãñÎãã ý Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãñâ ÔÌããè‡ãŠããäÀ•ãñ ¦ã¾ãã †ñÔãã ý ¼ããØ¾ããñª¾ã Öãñ¾ã
ýý75ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¦ããñ ªñÌããâÞãã ÀãÌããñ ý ½Ö¥ãñ ¹ãã©ããÃ¦ãñâ ¦ãì•ã ªðãäÓ› ªñÌããñâ ý •ã¾ãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããÞãã ŸãÌããñ ý
ªñŒãÔããè ¦ãâî ýý76ýý †ñÔããè Ñããè½ãìŒããõãä¶ã (Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ããÞ¾ãã ½ãìŒããâ¦ãî¶ã) ‚ãàãÀñâ ý ãä¶ãÜã¦ããè ¶ãã •ãâÌã †‡ãŠÔãÀñâ ý
¦ãâÌã ‚ããäÌãª¿ãñÞãñâ ‚ããâ£ããÀñâ ý •ããÌããñâãäÞã ËãØãñ ýý77ýý ¦ããèâ ‚ãàãÀñâ ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè ªñŒãã ý
ºãÆ½ÖÔãã½ãÆã•¾ãªãèãä¹ã‡ãŠã ý ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ããËãØããèâ ãäÞã¦‡ãŠããäß‡ãŠã ý „•ãßãäË¾ãã Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãñâ ýý78ýý ½ãØã
ãäªÌ¾ãÞãàãì ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÎãì ¹ãÆØã›Ëã ý ¦ã¾ãã —ãã¶ãªðÓ›ãè ¹ãŠãâ›ã ¹ãìŠ›Ëã ý ¾ã¾ãã¹ãÀãè ªããäÌã¦ãã •ããÖËã ý
†ñÎÌã¾ãÃ ‚ãã¹ãìËñâ ýý79ýý Öñ ‚ãÌã¦ããÀ •ãñ Ôã‡ãŠß ý ¦ãñ ãä•ã¾ãñ Ôã½ãìªÆãèÞãñ ‡ãŠÊËãñß ý ãäÌãÎÌã Öñâ
½ãðØã•ãß ý •ã¾ãã ÀÎ½ããèÔ¦ãÌã ãäªÔãñ ýý180ýý ãä•ã¾ãñ ‚ã¶ãããäª¼ãîãä½ã‡ãñŠ ãä¶ã›ñ ý ÞãÀãÞãÀ Öñâ ãäÞã¨ã
„½ã›ñ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ÑããèÌãõ‡ãìâŠŸñâ ý ªããäÌãËñâ ¦ã¾ãã ýý81ýý ½ããØããâ ºããË¹ã¥ããèâ ¾ãñ¥ãñâ Ñããè¹ã¦ããè ý •ãõâ †‡ãŠ Ìãñß
ŒããªËãè Öãñ¦ããè ½ãã¦ããè ý ¦ãõâ ‡ãŠãñ¹ããñãä¶ã¾ããâ Öã¦ããèâ ý ¾ãÎããñªãâ £ããäÀËã ýý82ýý ½ãØã ¼ãñ¥ãñâ ¼ãñ¥ãñâ •ãõÔãñâ ý
½ãìŒããèâ ¢ãã¡ã ª¿ããÌã¾ããÞãñãä¶ã ãä½ãÔãñâ ý ÞãÌãªãÖãè ¼ãìÌã¶ãñâ ÔããÌã‡ãŠãÎãñâ ýý83ýý ªããäÌãËãèâ ãä¦ã¾ãñ ý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè
½ã£ãìÌã¶ããèâ £ãÆìÌãããäÔã ‡ãñŠËñâ ý •ãõÔãñâ ‡ãŠ¹ããñË ÎãâŒãñâ ãäÎãÌã¦ãËñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ÌãñªãâãäÞã¾ãñÖãè ½ã¦ããèâ ŸñËñâ ý ¦ãñâ
ËãØãËã ºããñËãñâ ýý84ýý ¦ãõÔãã ‚ã¶ãìØãÆÖãñ ¹ãõâ Àã¾ãã ý ÑããèÖÀãè ‡ãñŠËã £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ãã ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã‡ãŠ¡ñÖãè
½ãã¾ãã ý †ñÔããè ¼ããÓã ¶ãñ¥ãñâãäÞã ¦ããñ ýý85ýý †‡ãŠÔãÀñâ †ñÎÌã¾ãÃ¦ãñ•ãñâ ¹ããÖËñâ ý ¦ã¾ãã Þã½ã¦‡ãŠãÀãÞãñâ
†‡ãŠã¥ãÃÌã (†‡ãŠÌã›ËñËã Ôã½ãìªÆÞã) •ããÖËñâ ý ãäÞã§ã Ôã½ãã•ããèâ ºãì¡ãñãä¶ã ŸñËñâ ý ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ãããäÞã¾ãã ýý86ýý
•ãõÔãã ‚ããºãÆ½Ö ¹ãî¥ããñÃª‡ãŠãèâ ý ¹ãÌÖñ ½ãã‡ãÃŠâ¡ñ¾ã †‡ãŠã‡ãŠãèâ ý ¦ãõÔãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ‡ãŠãõ¦ãì‡ãŠãèâ ý ¹ãã©ãìÃ Ëãñßñ
ýý87ýý ½Ö¥ãñ ‡ãñŠÌã¤ñ ØãØã¶ã †©ã Öãñ¦ãñâ ý ¦ãñâ ‡ãŠÌã¥ãñâ ¶ãñËñâ ¹ããâ ‡ãñŠ„¦ãñâ ý ¦ããèâ ÞãÀãÞãÀñâ ½ãÖã¼ãî¦ãñâ ý
‡ãŠã¾ã •ããÖËãèâ?ýý88ýý ãäªÎããâÞãñ ŸãÌãÖãè ÖãÀ¹ãËñ ý ‚ã£ããñ£ÌãÃ ‡ãŠã¾ã ¶ãñ¥ããñâ •ããÖËñ ý ÞãñƒãäË¾ãã
ÔÌã¹¶ã ¦ãõÔãñ ØãñËñ ý Ëãñ‡ãŠã‡ãŠãÀ ýý89ýý ¶ãã¶ãã Ôãî¾ãÃ¦ãñ•ã¹ãÆ¦ãã¹ãñâ ý ÔãÞãâªÆ ¦ããÀãâØã¥ã •ãõÔãñâ Ëãñ¹ãñ ý
¦ãõÔããè ãäØããäßËãèâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãñâ ý ¹ãÆ¹ãâÞãÀÞã¶ãã ýý190ýý ¦ãñÌÖãâ ½ã¶ããÔããè ½ã¶ã¹ã¥ã ¶ã Ô¹ãìŠÀñ ý ºãìãä£ª
‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ¶ã ÔããâÌãÀñ ý ƒâãäªÆ¾ããâÞãñ ÀÎ½ããè ½ããÜããÀñ ý ×ª¾ãÌãÀãè ¼ãÀËñ ýý91ýý ¦ãñ©ã ¦ãã›Ô©¾ãã
¦ãã›Ô©¾ã ¹ããä¡Ëñâ ý ›‡ãŠãÔããè (¦ã›Ô©ã¦ãñËã, †‡ãŠãØãÆ¦ãñËã) ›‡ãŠ ËãØãËñ ý •ãõÔãñâ ½ããñÖ¶ããÔ¨ã Üãã¦ãËñâ ý
ãäÌãÞããÀ•ãã¦ããâ (ÔãÌãÃ ãäÌãÞããÀãâ¶ãã) ýý92ýý ¦ãõÔãã ãäÌããäÔ½ã¦ãì ¹ããÖñ ‡ãŠãñ¡ñâ ý ¦ãâÌã ¹ãì¤ãâ Öãñ¦ãñâ Þã¦ãì¼ãìÃ•ã Àî¹ã¡ñâ ý
¦ãñâãäÞã ¶ãã¶ããÀî¹ã ÞãÖâî‡ãŠ¡ñ ý ½ããâ¡ãñãä¶ã ŸñËñâ ýý93ýý •ãõÔãñ ÌãÓããÃ‡ãŠãßãèâÞãñâ ½ãñÜããõ¡ñ ý ‡ãŠãâ ½ãÖã¹ãÆß¾ããèâÞãñâ
¦ãñ•ã Ìãã¤ñ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ãã¹ã¥ããÌããè¥ã ‡ãŠÌã¥ããè‡ãŠ¡ñ ý ¶ãñªãèãäÞã „Àãñâ ýý94ýý ¹ãÆ©ã½ã ÔÌãÀî¹ãÔã½ãã£ãã¶ã ý
¹ããÌããñãä¶ã ŸñËã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã ý ÔãÌãñâãäÞã „Üã¡ãè ËãñÞã¶ã ý ¦ãâÌã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ªñŒãñ ý.95ýý ƒÖãèâãäÞã (Ö¿ããÞã ªãñ¶Öãè
¡ãñß¿ããâ¶ããèâ) ªãñÖãèâ ¡ãñßãâ ý ¹ããÖãÌãñâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãã Ôã‡ãŠßã ý ¦ããñ Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãñâ ÔããñÖßã ý ¹ãìÀãäÌãËã †ñÔãã
ýý96ýý
‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠÌã‡ã¨ã¶ã¾ã¶ã½ã¶ãñ‡ãŠãªá¼ãì¦ãªÎãÃ¶ã½ãá ý ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠãäªÌ¾ãã¼ãÀ¥ãâ ãäªÌ¾ãã¶ãñ‡ãŠãñª¿ã¦ãã¾ãì£ã½ãá ýý10ýý
½ãØã ¦ãñ©ã ÔãõâÜã ªñŒãñ Ìãª¶ãñâ ý •ãõÔããèâ À½ãã¶ãã¾ã‡ãŠãÞããèâ Àã•ã¼ãìÌã¶ãñâ ý ¶ãã¶ãã ¹ãÆØã›Ëãèâ ãä¶ã£ãã¶ãñâ ý
ËãÌã¥¾ããäÑã¾ãñÞããèâ ýý97ýý ‡ãŠãèâ ‚ãã¶ãâªãÞããèâ Ìã¶ãñâ ÔãããäÔã¶¶ãËãèâ ý •ãõÔããè Ôããõâª¾ããÃ Àã¥ããèÌã •ããñ¡Ëãè ý
¦ãõÔããè ½ã¶ããñÖÀñâ ªñãäŒãËãèâ ý ÖÀãèÞããèâ Ìã‡ã¨ãñâ ýý98ýý ¦ã¾ããâÖãè½ãã•ããèâ †‡ãõŠ‡ãñâŠ ý ÔãããäÌã¾ããÞããèâ ¼ã¾ãã¶ã‡ãñâŠ
ý ‡ãŠãßÀã¨ããèÞããèâ ‡ãŠ›‡ãñâŠ ý „ŸãÌãËãèâ •ãõÔããèâ ýý99ýý ‡ãŠãèâ ½ãð¦¾ãîÔããèãäÞã ½ãìŒãñâ •ããÖËãèâ ý Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ •ãñ
¼ã¾ããÞããèâ ªìØãñÃâ ¹ã¶¶ãããäÔãËãèâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ½ãÖã‡ãìâŠ¡ñâ „Üã¡Ëãèâ ý ¹ãÆß¾ãã¶ãßãÞããèâ (¹ãÆË¾ããØ¶ããèÞããèâ) ýý200ýý
¦ãõÔããèâ ‚ãªá¼ãì¦ãñâ ¼ã¾ããÔãìÀñâ ý ¦ãñ©ã Ìãª¶ãñâ ªñãäŒãËãèâ ÌããèÀñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã‡ãñâŠ ‚ãÔãã£ããÀ¥ãñâ Ôããßâ‡ãŠãÀñâ ý
Ôããñ½¾ãñâ ºãÖì¦ãñâ ýý1ýý ¹ãõâ —ãã¶ãªðÓ›ãèÞãñãä¶ã ‚ãÌãËãñ‡ãñâŠ ý ¹ãÀãè Ìãª¶ããâÞãã ÎãñÌã›ì ¶ã ›‡ãñŠ ý ½ãØã ËãñÞã¶ã
¦ãñ ‡ãŠÌããä¦ã‡ãñâŠ ý ËãØãËã ¹ããÖãñâ ýý2ýý ¦ãâÌã ¶ãã¶ããÌã¥ãñÃ ‡ãŠ½ãßÌã¶ãñâ ý ãäÌã‡ãŠããäÔãËãèâ ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãñâ ý ¶ãñ¨ã
ªñãäŒãËñ ¹ãããäËâØã¶ãñâ (¹ãâãä§ãŠ, Ôã½ãìªã¾ã) ý ‚ãããäª¦¾ããâÞããèâ ýý3ýý ¦ãñ©ãñâãäÞã ‡ãðŠÓ¥ã½ãñÜããâãäÞã¾ãã ªã›ãè ý ½ãã•ããèâ
‡ãŠÊ¹ããâ¦ã ãäÌã•ãâîãäÞã¾ãã Ô¹ãìŠ›ãè ý ¦ãõãäÔã¾ãã Ìããä¶Ö ãä¹ãâØãßã ãäªŸãè ý ¼ãÆî¼ãâØãã¦ãßãèâ ýý4ýý Öñâ †‡ãõŠ‡ãŠ
‚ããÎÞã¾ãÃ ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ý ãä¦ã¾ãñ †‡ãñŠãäÞã Àî¹ããèâ ¹ãâ¡ìÔãì¦ãã ý ªÎãÃ¶ããÞããè ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ¦ãã ý ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãŠßËãè (‚ã¶ãì¼ãÌããÔã
‚ããËãè) ýý5ýý½ãØã ½Ö¥ãñ ÞãÀ¥ã ¦ãñ ‡ãŠÌã¥ãñ‡ãŠ¡ñ ý ‡ãñŠ„¦ãñ ½ãì‡ãìŠ› ‡ãñâŠ ªãñÀáªâ¡ñâ ý †ñÔããè Ìãã¤ãäÌã¦ããÖñ ‡ãŠãñ¡ñâ
ý Þãã¡ ªñŒããÌã¾ããÞããè ýý6ýý ¦ãñ©ã ¼ããØ¾ããä¶ããä£ã ¹ãã©ããÃ ý ‡ãŠãâ ãäÌã¹ãŠË¦Ìã ÖãñƒÃË ½ã¶ããñÀ©ãã ý ‡ãŠã¾ã
ãä¹ã¶ãã‡ãŠ¹ãã¥ããèãäÞã¾ãã ¼ãã¦ããâ ý Ìãã¾ã‡ãŠãâ¡ãèâ ‚ããÖã¦ããè?ýý7ýý ¶ãã ¦ãÀãè Þã¦ãìÀã¶ã¶ãããäÞã¾ãñ ÌããÞãñ ý ‡ãŠã¾ã
‚ããÖã¦ããè Ëãä›ãä‡ãŠ¾ãã ‚ãàãÀãâÞãñ ÔããâÞãñ?ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã Ôããª¿ãâ¦ã¹ã¥ã ‚ã¹ããÀãâÞãñâ ý ªñãäŒãËñâ ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ýý8ýý
•ã¾ããÞããè Ôããñ¾ã Ìãñªãâ ¶ãã‡ãŠßñ (‡ãŠßËãè ¶ããÖãèâ) ý ¦ã¾ããÞãñ Ôã‡ãŠßãÌã¾ãÌã †‡ãñŠãäÞã Ìãñßñ ý ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ããÞãñ ªãñ¶Öãè
¡ãñßñ ý ¼ããñãäØã¦ãñ •ããÖËñ ýý9ýý ÞãÀ¥ããõãä¶ã ½ãì‡ãìŠ›ÌãÀãè ý ªñŒã¦ã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããÞããè ©ããñÀãè ý •ãñ ¶ãã¶ãã
À¦¶ã ‚ãßâ‡ãŠãÀãèâ ý ãä½ãÀÌã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý210ýý ¹ãÀºãÆ½Ö ‚ãã¹ãìËñãä¶ã ‚ããâØãñâ ý Ê¾ããÌã¾ãã ‚ãã¹ã¥ããäÞã
•ããÖËã ‚ã¶ãñØãñâ (‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ) ý ãä¦ã¾ãñ Ëñ¥ããèâ ½ããè ÔããâØãñâ ý ‡ãŠãƒÔã¾ããÔãããäÀŒããèâ ýý11ýý ãä•ã¾ãñ ¹ãÆ¼ãñãäÞã¾ãñ
¢ãßãßã ý „•ããßì (¦ãñ•ã, ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÎã) ÞãâªÆããäª¦¾ã½ãâ¡ßã ý •ãñ ½ãÖã¦ãñ•ããÞãã ãä•ãÌÖãßã ý •ãñ¥ãñâ ãäÌãÎÌã ¹ãÆØã›ñ
ýý12ýý ¦ããñ ãäªÌ¾ã¦ãñ•ã ÎãâðØããÀì ý ‡ãŠãñ¥ãããäÞã¾ãñ ½ã¦ããèÔããè Öãñ¾ã ØããñÞãÀì (Ôã½ã•ã¥ããÀ) ý ªñÌã ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâãäÞã
ËñƒËñ †ñÔãñâ ÌããèÀì ý ªñŒã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý13ýý ½ãØã ¦ãñ©ãñ —ãã¶ãããäÞã¾ãã ¡ãñßãâ ý ¹ãÖã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¹ãÊËÌããâ •ãâÌã
ÔãÀßã ý ¦ãâÌã ¦ããñãä¡¦ã ‡ãŠÊ¹ããâ¦ããèâãäÞã¾ãã •Ìããßã ý ¦ãõÔããèâ ÎãÔ¨ãñâ ¢ãß‡ãŠ¦ã ªñŒãñ ýý14ýý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ‚ããâØã
‚ãã¹ã¥ã ‚ãËâ‡ãŠãÀ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã Öã¦ã ‚ãã¹ã¥ã Öãä¦ã¾ããÀ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã •ããèÌã ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ÎãÀãèÀ ý ªñŒãñ ÞãÀãÞãÀ
‡ãŠãñâªËñâ ªñÌãñâ ýý15ýý •ã¾ãããäÞã¾ãã ãä‡ãŠÀ¥ããâÞãñ ãä¶ãŒãÀ¹ã¥ãñâ ý ¶ãàã¨ããâÞãñ Öãñ¦ã ¹ãìŠ›ã¥ãñ ý ¦ãñ•ãñâ
ãäŒãÀ¡Ëã Ìããä¶Ö ½Ö¥ãñ ý Ôã½ãìªÆãèâ ãäÀÜããñâ ýý16ýý ½ãØã ‡ãŠãß‡ãîŠ›‡ãŠÊËãñßãèâ ‡ãŠÌããäßËñâ ý ¶ãã¶ãã
½ãÖããäÌã•ãâîÞãñâ ªãâØã „½ã›Ëñ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ã¹ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ ªñãäŒãËñ ý „ãäª¦ãã¾ãì£ããèâ („ÞãËËñÊ¾ãã ‚ãã¾ãì£ããÔããäÖ¦ã)
ýý17ýý
ãäªÌ¾ã½ããÊ¾ãã½ºãÀ£ãÀâ ãäªÌ¾ãØã¶£ãã¶ãìËñ¹ã¶ã½ãá ý ÔãÌããÃÎÞã¾ãÃ½ã¾ãâ ªñÌã½ã¶ã¶¦ãâ ãäÌãÎÌã¦ããñ½ãìŒã½ãá
ýý11ýý
‡ãŠãèâ ¼ãñ¥ãñâ ¦ãñ©ãîãä¶ã ‡ãŠããä¤Ëãè ãäªŸãè ý ½ãØã ‡ãâŠŸ½ãìØãì› ¹ãÖã¦ãÔãñ ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý ¦ãâÌã ÔãìÀ¦ãÀîÞããè ÔãðÓ›ãè ý
•ã¾ããâ¹ããÔããñãä¶ã ‡ãŠãâ •ããÖËãè ýý18ýý ãä•ã¾ãñâ ½ãÖããäÔã£ªãèÞããèâ ½ãîß¹ããèŸñâ ý ãäÎã¥ãËãè ‡ãŠ½ãßã •ãñ©ã
ÌããÌã›ñ ý ¦ãõÔããèâ ‡ãìŠÔãì½ãñâ ‚ããä¦ã ÞããñŒã›ñâ ý ¦ãìÀâãäºãËãèâ ªñãäŒãËãèâ ýý19ýý ½ãìØãì›ãÌãÀãè Ô¦ãºã‡ãŠ ý Ÿã¾ããèâ
Ÿã¾ããèâ ¹ãî•ããºãâ£ã (¹ãìŠËãâÞ¾ãã •ããß¿ãã, Ìãñ¥¾ãã ƒ.) ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ý ‡ãâŠŸãè Àìß¦ãããä¦ã ‚ãËãõãä‡ãŠ‡ãŠ ý ½ããßãªâ¡
ýý220ýý ÔÌãØãñÃâ Ôãî¾ãÃ¦ãñ•ã Ìãñãä¤Ëñâ ý •ãõÔãñâ ¹ãâ£ãÀñ¶ãñâ ½ãñÀî¦ãñâ ½ããä¤Ëñâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ãä¶ã¦ãâºããÌãÀãè Øãããä¤Ëñâ ý
ãä¹ã¦ããâºãÀì ¢ãß‡ãñŠ ýý21ýý Ñããè½ãÖãªñÌããñ ‡ãŠã¹ãìÀñâ „ãä›Ëã ý ‡ãŠãâ ‡ãõŠËãÔãì ¹ããÀ•ãñâ ¡ÌããäÀËã ý ¶ãã¶ãã
àããèÀãñª‡ãñâŠ ¹ããâÜãÀãäÌãËã ý àããèÀã¥ãÃÌããñ •ãõÔãã ýý22ýý •ãõÔããè ÞãâªÆ½ã¾ããÞããè Üã¡ãè „¹ãËãäÌãËãè ý ½ãØã
ØãØã¶ãã‡ãŠÀÌããèâ ºãìâ©ããè ÜãñÌããäÌãËãè ý ¦ãõÔããè Þãâª¶ããä¹ãâ•ãÀãè ªñãäŒãËãè ý ÔãÌãâãÃØããèâ ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ýý23ýý •ãñ¥ãñâ
ÔÌã¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÎãã ‡ãŠãâ¦ããè Þã¤ñ ý ºãÆ½Öã¶ãâªãÞãã ãä¶ãªãÜãì (ªãÖ) ½ããñ¡ñ ý •ã¾ããÞãñãä¶ã ÔããõÀ¼¾ãñâ •ããèãäÌã¦ã •ããñ¡ñ ý
ÌãñªÌã¦ããè¾ãñ ýý24ýý •ã¾ããÞãñ ãä¶ãËñÃ¹ã ‚ã¶ãìËñ¹ãì ‡ãŠÀãè ý •ãñ ‚ã¶ãâØãìÖãè ÔãÌãâãÃØããèâ £ãÀãè ý ¦ã¾ãã
ÔãìØãâ£ããÞããè ©ããñÀãè ý ‡ãŠÌã¥ã Ìãã¶ããè?ýý25ýý †ñÔããè †‡ãõŠ‡ãŠ ÎãâðØããÀÎããñ¼ãã ý ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã •ãã¦ãÔãñ
àããñ¼ãã ý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã ªñÌããñ ºãõÔãËã ‡ãŠãèâ „¼ãã ý ‡ãŠãèâ Îã¾ããËì Öñâ ¶ãñ¥ãÌãñ ýý26ýý ºããÖñÀ ãäªŸãè „Üã¡ãñãä¶ã
¹ããÖñ ý ¦ãâÌã ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ½ãîãä¦ãÃ½ã¾ã ªñŒã¦ã ‚ããÖñ ý ½ãØã ‚ãã¦ããâ ¶ã ¹ããÖñâ ½Ö¥ããñãä¶ã „Øãã ÀãÖñ ý ¦ãÀãè
‚ããâ¦ãìÖãè ¦ãõÔãñâãäÞã ýý27ýý ‚ã¶ããÌãÀñâ ½ãìŒãñâ Ôã½ããñÀ ªñŒãñ ý ¦ã¾ãã¼ãñ¥ãñâ ¹ããŸãè½ããñÀã •ãâÌã Ÿã‡ãñŠ ý ¦ãâÌã
¦ã¾ããÖãè‡ãŠ¡ñ Ñããè½ãìŒãñâ ý ‡ãŠÀÞãÀ¥ã ¦ãõÔãñãäÞã ýý28ýý ‚ãÖãñ ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ‡ãŠãèÀ ¹ãÆãä¦ã¼ããÔãñ ý †©ã ¶ãÌãËãÌããñ
‡ãŠã¾ã ‚ãÔãñ?ý ¹ããäÀ ¶ã ¹ããÖ¦ããâÖãè ãäªÔãñ ý Þããñ•ã ‚ããƒ‡ãŠã ýý29ýý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ‚ã¶ãìØãÆÖãÞãñâ ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ ý
¹ãã©ããÃÞãñâ ¹ããÖ¥ãñâ ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ã ¹ããÖ¥ãñâ ý ¦ã¾ããÖãè Ôã‡ãŠ› ¶ããÀã¾ã¥ãñâ ý Ì¾ãã¹ãîãä¶ã Üãñ¦ãËñâ ýý230ýý
½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ããÎÞã¾ããÃÞ¾ãã ¹ãìÀãèâ †‡ãŠãèâ ý ¹ããä¡Ëã Ÿã¾ãñâŸãÌã ©ã¡ãèâ (¦ããèÀãÌãÀ, ‡ãŠãŸãÌãÀ) Ÿã‡ãŠãè ý ¦ãâÌã
Þã½ã¦‡ãŠãÀããäÞã¾ãã ‚ãããä¥ã‡ãŠãèâ ý ½ãÖã¥ãÃÌããèâ ¹ã¡ñ ýý31ýý †ñÔãã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãì ‚ãÔãã£ããÀ¥ãñâ ý ‚ãã¹ãìãäË¾ãã
ªÎãÃ¶ããÞãñãä¶ã ãäÌãâªã¥ãñâ (‡ãŠËñ¶ãñâ, ‡ãŠãõÎãÊ¾ãã¶ãñâ) ý ‡ãŠÌãßîãä¶ã Üãñ¦ãËã ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ý ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãÀî¹ãñâ ýý32ýý ¦ããñ
ãäÌãÎÌã¦ããñ½ãìŒã ÔÌã¼ããÌãñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñâãäÞã ªãÌããÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ¹ããâ¡Ìãñâ ý ¹ãÆããä©ãÃËã ‚ãã¦ããâ ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý Öãñ…ãä¶ã
ŸñËã ýý33ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ªãè¹ãñâ ‡ãŠãâ Ôãî¾ãñÃâ ¹ãÆØã›ñ ý ‚ã©ãÌãã ãä¶ã½ãì›ãäË¾ãã (¢ããâ‡ãŠËãè ‚ãÔã¦ããâ) ªñŒããÌãñâãäÞã Œãâì›ñ
ý ¦ãõÔããè ãäªŸãè ¶ãÌÖñ •ãñ Ìãõ‡ãìâŠŸñâ ý ãäª£ãËãè ‚ããÖñ ýý34ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãèãäÔã ªãñÖãèâ ¹ãÀãè ý ¦ãñâ
ªñŒã¥ãñâ ªñŒãñ ‚ãâ£ããÀãèâ ý Öñ Ôãâ•ã¾ããñ ÖãäÔ¦ã¶ãã¹ãìÀãèâ ý ÔããâØã¦ãÔãñ Àã¾ãã ýý35ýý ½Ö¥ãñ ãä‡ãŠâºãÖì¶ãã
‚ãÌã£ãããäÀËñâ ý ¹ãã©ãñÃ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ªñãäŒãËñâ ý ¶ãã¶ãã ‚ãã¼ãÀ¥ããèâ ¼ãÀËñâ ý ãäÌãÎÌã¦ããñ½ãìŒã ýý36ýý
ãäªÌããè Ôãî¾ãÃÔãÖÔãÆÔ¾ã ¼ãÌãñª¿ãìØã¹ãªìãä¦©ã¦ãã ý ¾ããäª ¼ãã: ÔãªðÎããè Ôãã Ô¾ããªá ¼ããÔãÔ¦ãÔ¾ã ½ãÖã¦½ã¶ã:
ýý12ýý
ãä¦ã¾ãñ ‚ãâØã¹ãÆ¼ãñÞãã ªñÌãã ý ¶ãÌãËãÌããñ ‡ãŠãƒÔã¾ãã †ñÔãã ÔããâØããÌãã ý ‡ãŠÊ¹ããâ¦ããèâ †‡ãìŠãäÞã ½ãñßãÌãã ý
ÌªãªÎãããäª¦¾ããâÞãã Öãñ¾ã ýý37ýý ¦ãõÔãñ ¦ãñ ãäªÌ¾ãÔãî¾ãÃ ÔãÖÔãÆÌãÀãè ý •ãÀãè „ª¾ã•ã¦ããè ‡ãŠãâ †‡ãñŠãäÞã
‚ãÌãÔãÀãèâ ý ¦ãÅÖãè ¦ã¾ãã ¦ãñ•ããÞããè ©ããñÀãè ý „¹ã½ãâî ¶ã¾ãñ ýý38ýý ‚ããÜãÌã¾ãããäÞã ãäÌã•ãâîÞãã ½ãñßãÌãã ‡ãŠãè•ãñ
ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÆß¾ããØ¶ããèÞããè ÔãÌãÃ Ôãã½ãØãÆãè ‚ãããä¥ã•ãñ ý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã ªÎã‡ãìŠÖãè (½ãÖã¦ãñ•ããâÞããè ªÔã‡ãŠ¡ãè) ½ãñßãäÌã•ãñ
ý ½ãÖã¦ãñ•ããâÞãã ýý39ýý ¦ãÅÖãè ãä¦ã¾ãñ ‚ãâØã¹ãÆ¼ãñÞãñãä¶ã ¹ãã¡ñâ ý Öñâ ¦ãñ•ã ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ÖãñƒÃË ©ããñ¡ñâ ý
‚ãããä¥ã ¦ã¾ãã†ñÔãñâ ‡ãŠãèÀ ÞããñŒã¡ñâ ý ãä¨ãÎãì£ªãè ¶ããñÖñ ýý240ýý †ñÔãñâ ½ããÖã¦½¾ã ¾ãã ÑããèÖÀãèÞãñâ ÔãÖ•ã ý
¹ãŠãâ‡ãŠ¦ãÔãñâ ÔãÌãâãÃØããèâÞãñ ¦ãñ•ã ý ¦ãñâ ½ãìãä¶ã‡ãðŠ¹ãã (Ì¾ããÔããÞ¾ãã ‡ãðŠ¹ãñ¶ãñâ) •ããè ½ã•ã ý ªðÎ¾ã •ããÖËñâ ýý41ýý
¦ã¨ãõ‡ãŠÔ©ãâ •ãØã¦ãá ‡ãðŠ¦Ô¶ãâ ¹ãÆãäÌã¼ã§ãŠ½ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ£ãã ý ‚ã¹ãÎ¾ãªá ªñÌãªñÌãÔ¾ã ÎãÀãèÀñ ¹ãã¥¡ÌãÔ¦ã©ãã
ýý13ýý
‚ãããä¥ã ãä¦ã¾ãñ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããèâ †‡ãŠãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ý •ãØã ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ‚ãã¹ãìËñãä¶ã ¹ãÌãã¡ñâ ý •ãõÔãñ ½ãÖãñª£ããè½ãã•ããèâ ºãì¡ºãì¡ñ
ý ãäÔã¶ãã¶ãñâ ãäªÔã¦ããè ýý42ýý ‡ãŠãâ ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎããèâ Øãâ£ãÌãÃ¶ãØãÀ ý ¼ãî¦ãßãèâ ãä¹ã¹ããèãäË‡ãŠã ºããâ£ãñ ÜãÀ ý ¶ãã¶ãã
½ãñÀîÌãÀãè Ôã¹ãìÀ (¾ã©ãããäÔ©ã¦ã) ý ¹ãÀ½ãã¥ãì ºãõÔãËñ ýý43ýý ãäÌãÎÌã ‚ããÜãÌãñâãäÞã ¦ã¾ãã¹ãÀãè ý ¦ã¾ãã
ªñÌãÞã‡ãÆŠÌã¦ããèÃãäÞã¾ãã ÎãÀãèÀãèâ ý ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã ãä¦ã¾ãñ ‚ãÌãÔãÀãèâ ý ªñŒã¦ãã •ããÖËã ýý44ýý
¦ã¦ã: Ôã ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ãããäÌãÓ›ãñ ×Ó›Àãñ½ãã £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ã: ý ¹ãÆ¥ã½¾ã ãäÎãÀÔãã ªñÌãâ ‡ãðŠ¦ããš•ããäËÀ¼ããÓã¦ã ýý14ýý
¦ãñ©ã †‡ãŠ ãäÌãÎÌã †‡ãŠ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ý †ñÔãñâ ‚ãßì½ããß Öãñ¦ãñâ •ãñ ªì•ãñâ¹ã¥ã ý ¦ãñâÖãè ‚ãã›ãñãä¶ã ØãñËñâ ‚ãâ¦ã:‡ãŠÀ¥ã
ý ãäÌãÀãËñâ ÔãÖÔãã ýý45ýý ‚ããâ¦ãì ‚ãã¶ãâªã ÞãñƒÀñâ •ããÖËñâ ý ºããÖñãäÀ Øãã¨ããâÞãñâ ºãß ÖãÀ¹ããñãä¶ã ØãñËñâ ý
‚ã¹ããª (¶ãŒããäÎãŒããâ¦ã) ¹ããâ Øãìâ¦ãËñâ ý ¹ãìË‡ãŠãâÞãËñâ ýý46ýý ÌãããäÓãÃ¾ãñ ¹ãÆ©ã½ãªÎãñ ý ÌããñÖßË¾ãã (¹ãã¥ããè ÌããÖî¶ã
ØãñÊ¾ããÌãÀ) ÎãõËãâÞãñâ ÔãÌãâãÃØã •ãõÔãñâ ý ãäÌãÀî¤ñ ‡ãŠãñ½ãËãâ‡ãìŠÀãèâ ¦ãõÔãñ ý Àãñ½ããâÞã •ããÖËñ ýý47ýý ãäÎãÌã¦ãËã
ÞãâªÆ‡ãŠÀãèâ ý Ôããñ½ã‡ãŠãâ¦ãì ªÆãÌããñ £ãÀãè ý ¦ãõãäÔã¾ãã ÔÌãñª‡ãŠãä¥ã‡ãŠã ÎãÀãèÀãèâ ý ªã›ãäË¾ãã ýý48ýý ½ãã•ããèâ
Ôããâ¹ã¡Ëñãä¶ã ‚ããäË‡ãìŠßñâ ý •ãßãÌãÀãè ‡ãŠ½ãß‡ãŠãäß‡ãŠã •ãñÌããèâ ‚ããâªãñßñ ý ¦ãñÌããèâ ‚ãã¦ãìãäË¾ãã
ÔãìŒããñ½ããèÃÞãñãä¶ã ºãßñâ ý ºããÖñãäÀ ‡ãŠãâ¹ãñ ýý49ýý ‡ãŠ¹ãìÃÀ‡ãŠªÃßãèÞããèâ (‡ãŠã¹ãìÀ ‡ãñŠßãèâÞããèâ) Øã¼ãÃ¹ãì›ñâ ý „‡ãŠË¦ããâ
‡ãŠã¹ãìÀãÞãñãä¶ã ‡ãŠãñâªã›ñâ (ªã›Ê¾ããÌãÀ) ý ¹ãìãäË‡ãŠã Øãß¦ããè ¦ãñÌããèâ ©ãñâºãì›ñâ ý ¶ãñ¨ããõãä¶ã ¹ã¡¦ããè ýý250ýý
„ª¾ãËñãä¶ã Ôãì£ãã‡ãŠÀñâ ý •ãõÔãã ¼ãÀËããäÞã Ôã½ãìªÆ ¼ãÀñ ý ¦ãõÔãã ÌãñßãñÌãñßãâ „ãä½ãÃ¼ãÀñâ ý „Þãâºãß¦ã ‚ãÔãñ
ýý51ýý †ñÔãã Ôãããä§Ìã‡ãŠãâÖãè ‚ããŸãâ ¼ããÌããâ ý ¹ãÀÔ¹ãÀñâ Ìã¦ãÃ¦ãÔãñ ÖñÌãã ý ¦ãñ©ã ºãÆ½Öã¶ãâªãÞããè •ããèÌãã ý
Àã¥ããèÌã ¹ãŠãÌãËãè ýý52ýý ¦ãõÔãããäÞã ¦ã¾ãã ÔãìŒãã¶ãì¼ãÌãã¹ããŸãèâ ý ‡ãñŠËã Ìªõ¦ããÞãã Ôããâ¼ããßì ãäªŸãè ý
½ãØã „ÔããÔããõãä¶ã ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý ÌããÔã ¹ãããäÖËãè (¼ããñâÌã¦ããËãèâ ¶ã•ãÀ ›ã‡ãŠËãè) ýý53ýý ¦ãñ©ã ºãõÔãËã Öãñ¦ãã
ãä•ã¾ãã ÔãÌãã ý ãä¦ã¾ãããäÞã¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ½ãÔ¦ã‡ãŠ ŒããËãäÌãËã ªñÌãã ý ½ãØã •ããñ¡îãä¶ã ‡ãŠÀÔãâ¹ãì› ºãÀÌãã ý
ºããñË¦ãì ‚ãÔãñ ýý54ýý
‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã „ÌããÞã : ¹ãÎ¾ãããä½ã ªñÌããâÔ¦ãÌã ªñÌã ªñÖñ ÔãÌãâãÃÔ¦ã©ãã ¼ãî¦ããäÌãÎãñÓãÔãâÜãã¶ãá ý ºãÆ½Öã¥ã½ããèÎãâ
‡ãŠ½ãËãÔã¶ãÔ©ã½ãðÓããèâÎÞã ÔãÌããÃ¶ãìÀâØããÎÞã ãäªÌ¾ãã¶ãýý15ýý
½Ö¥ãñ •ã¾ã•ã¾ãã•ããè ÔÌãã½ããè ý ¶ãÌãË ‡ãðŠ¹ãã ‡ãñŠËãè ¦ãì½Öãèâ ý •ãñâ Öñâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ‡ãŠãèâ ‚ãã½Öãèâ ý ¹ãÆã‡ãðŠ¦ã
ªñŒããñâ ýý55ýý ¹ããäÀ ÔããÞããäÞã ¼ãËñâ ‡ãñŠËñâ ØããñÔãããäÌã¾ãã ý ½ã•ã ¹ããäÀ¦ããñÓãì •ããÖËã ÔãããäÌã¾ãã ý •ããè
ªñãäŒãËããäÔã •ããñ ƒ¾ãã ý ÔãðÓ›ãèÔããè ¦ãâî ‚ããÑã¾ããñ ýý56ýý ªñÌãã ½ãâªÀãÞãñãä¶ã ‚ãâØãËØãñâ (‚ãâØããÌãÀ) ý
Ÿã¾ããèâ Ÿã¾ããèâ ÎÌãã¹ãªãâÞããèâ ªãâØãñâ ý ¦ãõÔããèâ ƒ¾ãñâ ¦ãì¢¾ããâ ªñÖãèâ ‚ã¶ãñØãñâ ý ªñŒã¦ãÔãñâ ¼ãìÌã¶ãñâ ýý57ýý ‚ãÖãñ
‚ãã‡ãŠãÎãããäÞã¾ãñ Œããñßñ ý ãäªÔã¦ããè ØãÆÖØã¥ããâÞããèâ ‡ãìŠßñâ ý ‡ãŠãâ ½ãÖãÌãðàããè ‚ããäÌãÔããßñâ ý ¹ããäàã•ãã¦ããèÞããèâ
ýý58ýý ¦ã¾ãã¹ãÀãè ÑããèÖÀãè ý ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãã ãäÌãÎÌãã¦½ã‡ãŠãèâ ƒ¾ãñ ÎãÀãèÀãèâ ý ÔÌãØãìÃ ªñŒã¦ãÔãñâ ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý
ÔãìÀØã¥ãñâÔããèâ ýý59ýý ¹ãÆ¼ãì ½ãÖã¼ãî¦ããâÞãñâ ¹ãâÞã‡ãŠ ý ¾ãñ©ã ªñŒã¦ã ‚ããÖñ ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ãî¦ãØãÆã½ã
†‡ãñŠ‡ãŠ ý ¼ãî¦ãÔãðÓ›ãèÞãñâ ýý260ýý •ããè Ôã¦¾ãËãñ‡ãìŠ ¦ãì•ã½ãã•ããèâ ‚ããÖñ ý ªñãäŒãËã Þã¦ãìÀã¶ã¶ãì (ºãÆ½ÖªñÌã)
Öã ¶ããñÖñ?ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãñÀãè‡ãŠ¡ñ •ãâÌã ¹ããÖñâ ý ¦ãâÌã ‡ãõŠËãÔãìÖãè ãäªÔãñ ýý61ýý Ñããè½ãÖãªñÌã ¼ãÌãããä¶ã¾ãñÎããèâ ý
¦ãì¢¾ãã ãäªÔã¦ãÔãñ †‡ãñŠ ‚ãâÎããèâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãâî ¦ãñâ Öãè Øãã ×Óããè‡ãñŠÎããè ý ¦ãì•ã½ãã•ããèâ ªñŒãñ ýý62ýý ¹ãõâ
‡ãŠÎ¾ã¹ãããäª ¨ãÉÓããè‡ãìŠßñâ ý ƒ¾ãñâ ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãã ÔÌãÀî¹ããèâ Ôã‡ãŠßñâ ý ªñŒã¦ãÔãñâ ¹ãã¦ããßñâ ý ¹ã¶¶ãØãñâÎããèâ (Ôã¹ããÃÔãÖ)
ýý63ýý ãä‡ãŠâºãÖì¶ãã ¨ãõËãñ‡ã¾ã¹ã¦ããè ý ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãã †‡ãñŠ‡ãŠããäÞã ‚ãÌã¾ãÌãããäÞã¾ãñ ãä¼ãâ¦ããè ý ƒ¾ãñ Þã¦ãìªÃÎã¼ãìÌã¶ãñâ
ãäÞã¨ãã‡ãðŠ¦ããè ý ‚ãâ‡ãìŠÀËãèâ (ãäÞã¦ããÀËãèâ) •ãã¥ããñâ ýý64ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñãä©ãâÞãñ •ããè •ãñ Ëãñ‡ãŠ ý ¦ãñ ãäÞã¨ãÀÞã¶ãã
•ããè ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ý †ñÔãñâ ªñŒã¦ãÔãñâ ‚ãËãõãä‡ãŠ‡ãŠ ý Øããâãä¼ã¾ãÃ ¦ãì¢ãñâ ýý65ýý
‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠºããÖîªÀÌã‡ã¨ã¶ãñ¨ãâ ¹ãÎ¾ãããä½ã ¦Ìããâ ÔãÌãÃ¦ããñç¶ã¶¦ãÀì¹ã½ãá ý ¶ãã¶¦ãâ ¶ã ½ã£¾ãâ ¶ã ¹ãì¶ãÔ¦ãÌãããäªâ
¹ãÎ¾ãããä½ã ãäÌãÎÌãñÎÌãÀ ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ã ýý16ýý
¦¾ãã ãäªÌ¾ãÞãàãâîÞãñãä¶ã ¹ãõÔãñâ ý ÞãÖâî‡ãŠ¡ñ •ãâÌã ¹ããÖã¦ã ‚ãÔãñâ ý ¦ãâÌã ªãñªÃâãä¡‡ãŠãâ •ãõÔãñâ ý ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎã ‡ãŠãñâ¼ãõËñâ
ýý66ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ †‡ãŠãäÞã ãä¶ãÀâ¦ãÀ ý ªñÌãã ªñŒã¦ã ‚ãÔãñâ ¦ãì¢ãñ ‡ãŠÀ ý ‡ãŠÀãè¦ã ‚ããÜãÌãñãäÞã Ì¾ãã¹ããÀ ý
†‡ãñŠãäÞã ‡ãŠãßãèâ ýý67ýý ½ãØã ½ãÖãÎãî¶¾ããÞãñãä¶ã (‚ãÌ¾ã§ãŠ ºãÆ½ÖãÞãñâ) ¹ãõÔããÀñâ ý „Üã¡Ëãèâ ºãÆ½Ö‡ãŠ›ãÖãÞããèâ
¼ããâ¡ãÀñâ ý ¦ãõÔããèâ ªñŒã¦ãÔãñ ‚ã¹ããÀñâ ý „ªÀñâ ¦ãì¢ããèâ ýý68ýý •ããè ÔãÖÔãÆÎããèÓãÃ¾ããÞãñâ ªñãäŒãËñâ ý ‡ãŠãñ¡ãèÌãÀãè
(‡ãŠãñ›¿ããÌããä£ã) Öãñ¦ãããä¦ã †ãä‡ãŠÌãñßñâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¹ãÀºãÆ½ÖãäÞã Ìãª¶ã¹ãŠßñâ ý ½ããñ¡ãñãä¶ã ‚ããËñâ ýý69ýý ¦ãõÔããèâ Ìã‡ã¨ãñâ
•ãñ„¦ããèâ ¦ãñ„¦ããèâ ý ¦ãì¢ããèâ ªñŒã¦ãÔãñâ ãäÌãÎÌã½ãî¦ããèÃ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ã¾ãããäÞã¹ãÀãè ¶ãñ¨ã¹ãâ§ãŠãè ý ‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠãâ ÔãõâÜã
ýý270ýý Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ ÔÌãØãÃ ¹ãã¦ããß ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¼ãî½ããè ãäªÎãã ‚ãâ¦ãÀãß ý Öñ ãäÌãÌãàãã (ºããñËãè, ãäÌãÞããÀ) ŸñËãè
Ôã‡ãŠß ý ½ãîãä¦ãÃ½ã¾ã ªñŒã¦ãÔãñâ ýý71ýý ¦ãì•ãÌããè¥ã †‡ãŠããäª¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ñ ý ¹ãÀ½ãã¥ãîãäÖ †¦ãìËã ‡ãŠãñ¡ñâ ý
‚ãÌã‡ãŠãÎãì ¹ããÖ¦ãÔãñâ ¹ããäÀ ¶ã Ôããâ¹ã¡ñ ý †ñÔãñâ Ì¾ãããä¹ãËñâ ¦ãìÌããâ ýý72ýý ƒ¾ãñ ¶ãã¶ãã¹ãÀãè ‚ã¹ããäÀãä½ã¦ãñâ ý
•ãñ¦ãìËãèâ ÔããâŸãäÌãËãèâ Öãñ¦ããèâ ½ãÖã¼ãî¦ãñâ ý ¦ãñ¦ãìËãÖãè ¹ãÌãã¡ì ¦ãìÌãã ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãñâ ý ‡ãŠãñâªËã ªñŒã¦ãÔãñâ ýý73ýý
†ñÔãã ‡ãŠÌã¥ãñâ Ÿã¾ããÖîãä¶ã ¦ãâî ‚ããËãÔããè ý †©ã ºãõÔãËããäÔã ‡ãŠãèâ „¼ãã ‚ããÖãÔããè ý ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠÌããä¥ã¾ãñ
½ãã¾ãñãäÞã¾ãñ ¹ããñ›ãèâ Öãñ¦ããÔããè ý ¦ãì¢ãñâ Ÿã¥ã (Ô©ãã¶ã, ‚ãã‡ãðŠãä¦ã) ‡ãñŠÌã¤ñâ ýý74ýý ¦ãì¢ãñâ Àî¹ã Ìã¾ã ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ý
¦ãì•ã¹ãõËãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ‡ãŠã¾ã ‚ãÔãñ ý ¦ãâî ‡ãŠãƒÔã¾ããÌãÀãè ‚ããÖããäÔã †ñÔãñâ ý ¹ãããäÖËñâ ãä½ã¾ããâ ýý75ýý ¦ãâÌã ªñãäŒãËñâ
•ããè ‚ããÜãÌãñãäÞã ý ¦ããäÀ ‚ãã¦ããâ ¦ãì¢ãã ŸãÌããñ ¦ãâîãäÞã ý ¦ãâî ‡ãŠÌã¥ããÞãã ¶ãÌÖñãäÔã †ñÔãããäÞã ý ‚ã¶ãããäª
‚ãã¾ã¦ãã ýý76ýý ¦ãâî „¼ãã ¶ãã ºãõŸã ý ãäªÜã¡ì ¶ãã Œãì•ã›ã (ŸñâØã¥ãã) ý ¦ãì•ã ¦ãßãèâ ÌãÀãè Ìãõ‡ãìâŠŸã ý ¦ãâîãäÞã
‚ããÖãÔããè ýý77ýý ¦ãâî Àî¹ãñâ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¾ããâãäÞã †ñÔãã ý ªñÌãã ¦ãì¢ããè ¦ãâîãäÞã Ìã¾ãÔãã ý ¹ããŸãè ¹ããñ› ¹ãÀñÎãã ý ¦ãì¢ãñâ
¦ãâî Øãã ýý78ýý ãä‡ãŠâºãÖì¶ãã ‚ãã¦ããâ ý ¦ãì¢ãñâ ¦ãâîãäÞã ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãã ý Öñâ ¹ãì¤¦ã ¹ãì¤¦ããè ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ý ªñãäŒãËñâ
ãä½ã¾ããâ ýý79ýý ¹ããäÀ ¾ãã ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãã Àî¹ãã‚ããâ¦ãì ý •ããè „¥ããèÌã †‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãñ ªñŒã¦ãì ý •ãñ ‚ãããäª ½ã£¾ã ‚ãâ¦ãì ý
ãä¦ã¶Öãè ¶ããÖãèâ ýý80ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ãäØãâÌããäÔãËñâ ‚ããÜãÌãã Ÿã¾ããèâ ý ¹ããäÀ Ôããñ¾ã ¶ã ËãÖñãäÞã ‡ãŠÖãèâ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
ãä¨ãÎãìãä£ª Öñ ¶ããÖãèâ ý ¦ããè¶Öãè †©ã ýý81ýý †Ìãâ ‚ãããäª½ã£¾ããâ¦ãÀãäÖ¦ãã ý ¦ãâî ãäÌãÎÌãñÎÌãÀã ‚ã¹ããäÀãä½ã¦ãã ý
ªñãäŒãËããäÔã •ããè ¦ã§Ìã¦ãã ý ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãã ýý82ýý ¦ãì•ã ½ãÖã½ãî¦ããèÃãäÞã¾ãã ‚ããâØããèâ ý „½ã›ãäË¾ãã ¹ãð©ã‡ãáŠ
½ãî¦ããèÃ ‚ã¶ãñØããè ý ËñƒËããäÔã Ìãã¶ãñ¹ãÀãèâÞããèâ (‚ã¶ãñ‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀÞ¾ãã ÀâØããâÞããèâ) ‚ããâØããèâ ý †ñÔãã ‚ããÌã¡¦ãì ‚ããÖãÔããè
ýý83ýý ¶ãã¶ãã ¹ãð©ã‡ãáŠ ½ãî¦ããèÃ ãä¦ã¾ãã ªÆì½ãÌãÊËãè ý ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãã ÔÌãÀî¹ã½ãÖãÞãßãèâ ý ãäªÌ¾ããËâ‡ãŠãÀ ¹ãìŠËãèâ
¹ãŠßãèâ ý ÔãããäÔã¶¶ããäË¾ãã (¹ãÔãÀÊ¾ãã) ýý84ýý Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ •ãñ ½ãÖãñª£ããèâ ¦ãâî ªñÌãã ý •ããÖËããäÔã ¦ãÀâØã½ãî¦ããèÃ
ÖñËãÌãã ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¦ãâî †‡ãŠ Ìãðàãì ºãÀÌãã ý ½ãîãä¦ãÃ¹ãŠßãèâ ¹ãŠßËãÔããè ýý85ýý •ããè ¼ãî¦ããèâ ¼ãî¦ãß ½ããâãä¡Ëñâ ý
•ãõÔãñâ ¶ãàã¨ããèâ ØãØã¶ã Øãì¤Ëñâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ½ãîãä¦ãÃ½ã¾ã ¼ãÀËñâ ý ªñŒã¦ãÔãñâ ¦ãì¢ãñâ Àî¹ã ýý86ýý •ããè
†‡ãñŠ‡ãŠãèÞ¾ãã ‚ãâØã¹ãÆãâ¦ããèâ (‚ãâØããÔã¼ããñâÌã¦ããè) ý Öãñ¾ã •ãã¾ã Öñ ãä¨ã•ãØã¦ããè ý †Ìããä¤¾ããÖãè ¦ãì¢¾ãã ‚ããâØããèâ ½ãî¦ããèÃ
ý ‡ãŠãèâ Àãñ½ãã •ãããäË¾ãã ýý87ýý †ñÔãã ¹ãÌãã¡ì ½ããâ¡îãä¶ã ãäÌãÎÌããÞãã ý ¦ãâî ‡ãŠÌã¥ã ¹ããâ †©ã ‡ãŠãñ¥ããÞãã ý Öñâ
¹ãããäÖËñâ ¦ãâÌã ‚ãã½ãìÞãã ý ÔããÀ©ããè ¦ããñãäÞã ¦ãâî ýý88ýý ¦ãÀãè ½ã•ã ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ½ãì‡ãìâŠªã ý ¦ãâî †ñÔãããäÞã
Ì¾ãã¹ã‡ãìŠ ÔãÌãÃªã ý ½ãØã ¼ã§ãŠã¶ãìØãÆÖñâ ¦ã¾ãã ½ãìØ£ãã (ÔãØãì¥ã, Øããñãä•ãÀÌãã¥ãñâ) ý Àî¹ãã¦ãñâ £ããäÀÔããè ýý89ýý
‡ãõŠÔãñâ ÞãÖâî ¼ãì•ããâÞãñâ ÔããâÌãßñâ ý ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ÌããñÊÖãÌã¦ããè ½ã¶ã ¡ãñßñ ý ŒãñâÌã ªñ…â •ããƒ•ãñ ¦ãÀãè ‚ãã‡ãŠßñ ý
ªãñÖãèâãäÞã ºããÖãèâ ýý290ýý †ñÔããè ½ãîãä¦ãÃ ‡ãŠãñãä¡ÔãÌãã¥ããè ‡ãðŠ¹ãã ý ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã ÖãñÔããè ¶ãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãã ý ‡ãŠãèâ
‚ãã½ãìãäÞã¾ãããäÞã ãäªŸãè ÔãËñ¹ãã ý •ãñâ Ôãã½ãã¶¾ã¦Ìãñâ ªñŒã¦ããè ýý91ýý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãã¦ããâ ãäªŸãèÞãã ãäÌã›ãßì
ØãñËã ý ¦ãìÌããâ ÔãÖ•ãñâ ãäªÌ¾ãÞãàãî ‡ãñŠËã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¾ã©ããÀî¹ãñâ ªñŒãÌãËã ý ½ããäÖ½ãã ¦ãì¢ãã ýý92ýý ¹ãÀãè
½ã‡ãŠÀ¦ãâì¡ã½ãããäØãËñ‡ãŠ¡ñ ý Öãñ¦ãããäÔã ¦ããñãäÞã ¦ãâî †Ìã¤ñâ ý Àî¹ã •ããÖËããäÔã Öñâ ¹ãìŠ¡ñâ (ŒãÀñâ,Ô¹ãÓ›) ý
ÌããñßãäŒãËñâ ãä½ã¾ããâ ýý93ýý

ãä‡ãŠÀãèãä›¶ãâ Øããäª¶ãâ Þããä‡ãÆŠ¥ãâ Þã ¦ãñ•ããñÀããäÎãâ ÔãÌãÃ¦ããñ ªãèãä¹¦ã½ã¶¦ã½ãá ý ¹ãÎ¾ãããä½ã ¦Ìããâ ªìãä¶ãÃÀãèà¾ãâ
Ôã½ã¶¦ããªáªãè¹¦ãã¶ãËã‡ãÃŠª¿ãìãä¦ã½ã¹ãÆ½ãñ¾ã½ãá ýý17ýý
¶ããñÖñ ¦ããñãäÞã Öã ãäÎãÀãè?ý ½ãì‡ãìŠ› ËñƒËãÔããè ÑããèÖÀãè ý ¹ãÀãè ‚ãã¦ããâÞãñâ ¦ãñ•ã ‚ãããä¥ã ©ããñÀãè ý ¶ãÌãË ‡ãŠãèâ
ºãÖì Öñâ ýý94ýý ¦ãñãäÞã Öñâ ÌããäÀãäË¾ãñãäÞã Öã¦ããèâ ý Þã‡ãÆŠ ¹ããäÀãä•ã¦ã¾ãã (¹ãñŠ‡ãŠ¥¾ããÞããè ¦ã¾ããÀãè) ‚ãã¾ã¦ããè ý
ÔããâÌããäÀ¦ãããäÔã ãäÌãÎÌã½ãî¦ããèÃ ý ¦ãñ ¶ã ½ããñ¡ñ Œãî¥ã ýý95ýý ¾ãñÀãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ¦ãñãäÞã Öñ ¶ããñÖñ Øãªã?ý ‚ãããä¥ã
¦ããäßãäË¾ãã ªãñ¶ããè ¼ãì•ãã ãä¶ãÀã¾ãì£ãã ý ÌããØããñÀñ ÔããâÌãÀãÌã¾ãã ØããñãäÌãâªã ý ÔãâÔããäÀãäË¾ãã ýý96ýý
‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñ¥ãñâãäÞã ÌãñØãñâ ÔãÖÔãã ý ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ½ã¶ããñÀ©ããÔããäÀÔãã ý •ããÖËããäÔã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãã ãäÌãÎÌãñÎãã ý
½Ö¥ããä¶ã •ãã¥ãñâ ýý97ýý ¹ãÀãè ‡ãŠã¾ãÔãñâ ºãã Öñâ Þããñ•ã (‡ãŠãõ¦ãì‡ãŠ) ý ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ããñ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ãããäÖ ¹ãã¡î ¶ããÖãèâ
½ã•ã ý ãäÞã§ã Öãñ…ãä¶ã •ãã¦ãÔãñâ ãä¶ãºãìÃ•ã ý ‚ããÎÞã¾ãñÃâ ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ýý98ýý Öñâ †©ã ‚ãããä©ã ‡ãŠãâ ¾ãñ©ã ¶ããÖãèâ ý
†ñÔãñâ ÎÌãÔããñâÖãè ¶ã¾ãñ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ¶ãÌãË ‚ãâØã¹ãÆ¼ãñÞããè ¶ãÌããƒÃ ý ‡ãõŠÔããè ‡ãŠãñâªËãè ÔãõâÜã (ºãÖì¦ã,ÔãÌãÃ¨ã) ýý99ýý
†©ã ‚ãØ¶ããèÞããèÖãè ãäªŸãè ‡ãŠÀ¹ã¦ã ý Ôãî¾ãÃ Œãª¿ããñ¦ãì ¦ãõÔãã ÖãÀ¹ã¦ã ý †ñÔãñâ ¦ããèÌãÆ¹ã¥ã ‚ãªá¼ãì¦ã ý
¦ãñ•ããÞãñâ ¾ã¾ãã ýý300ýý Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ ½ãÖã¦ãñ•ãããäÞã¾ãã ½ãÖã¥ãÃÌããèâ ý ºãì¡ãñãä¶ã ØãñËãè ÔãðãäÓ› ‚ããÜãÌããè ý ‡ãŠãèâ
¾ãìØããâ¦ããäÌã•ãâîÞ¾ãã ¹ããËÌããèâ ý ¢ããâ‡ãŠËñâ ØãØã¶ã ýý1ýý ¶ãã ¦ãÀãè ÔãâÖãÀ¦ãñ•ãããäÞã¾ãã •Ìããßã ý ¦ããñ¡ãñãä¶ã
½ããÞãî ºããâ£ãËã ‚ãâ¦ãÀãßãâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ãäªÌ¾ã —ãã¶ãããäÞã¾ãã ¡ãñßãâ ý ¹ããÖÌãñ¶ãã ýý2ýý „•ããßì
‚ããä£ã‡ãŠããä£ã‡ãŠ ºãÖìÌãÔãì ý £ã¡ã¡ãè¦ã ‚ããÖñ ‚ããä¦ãªãÖÔãì (‚ã¦¾ãâ¦ã ªãÖ‡ãŠ, ¡ãñßñ ãäª¹ããäÌã¥ããÀã) ý ¹ã¡¦ã
ãäªÌ¾ãÞãàãâîÔãÖãè ¨ããÔãì ý ¶¾ããÖããäß¦ããâ ýý3ýý Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ •ãñ ½ãÖã¹ãÆß¾ããèâÞãã ¼ã¡ã¡ì ý Öãñ¦ãã
‡ãŠãßããäØ¶ãÀìªÆããäÞã¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ Øãì¤ì ý ¦ããñ ¦ãð¦ããè¾ã¶ã¾ã¶ããÞãã ½ã¤î ý ¹ãìŠ›Ëã (¹ãìŠËËã, „½ãËËã) •ãõÔãã
ýý4ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¹ãÔãÀËñãä¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÎãñâ ý ÔãõâÜã ¹ããâÞãÌããä¶ã¾ãã •ÌããßãâÞãñ ÌãßÔãñ ý ¹ã¡¦ããâ ºãÆ½Ö‡ãŠ›ãÖ
‡ãŠãñãäßÔãñ ý Öãñ¦ã ‚ããÖã¦ããè ýý5ýý †ñÔãã ‚ãªá¼ãì¦ã ¦ãñ•ããñÀãÎããè ý •ã¶½ãã ¶ãÌãË ½¾ããâ ªñãäŒãËãÔããè ý
¶ããÖãèâ Ì¾ãããä¹¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠãâ¦ããèÔããè ý ¹ããÀì •ããè ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãñ ýý6ýý
¦Ìã½ãàãÀâ ¹ãÀ½ãâ Ìãñãäª¦ãÌ¾ãâ ¦Ìã½ãÔ¾ã ãäÌãÎÌãÔ¾ã ¹ãÀâ ãä¶ã£ãã¶ã½ãá ý ¦Ìã½ãÌ¾ã¾ã: ÎããÎÌã¦ã£ã½ãÃØããñ¹¦ãã
Ôã¶ãã¦ã¶ãÔ¦Ìãâ ¹ãìÀìÓããñ ½ã¦ããñ ½ãñ ýý18ýý
ªñÌãã ¦ãâî ‚ãàãÀ ý ‚ããõ›ããäÌã¾ãñ (Ôãã¡ñ¦ããè¶ã ½ãã¨ããâÞ¾ãã (‚ããñâ‡ãŠãÀãÞ¾ãã) ¹ãËãè‡ãŠ¡ñ) ½ãã¨ãñÔããè ¹ãÀ ý Ñãì¦ããè •ã¾ããÞãñâ ÜãÀ
ý ãäØãâÌãÔããè¦ã ‚ããÖã¦ããè ýý7ýý •ãñâ ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀãÞãñâ ‚ãã¾ã¦ã¶ã ý •ãñâ ãäÌãÎÌããä¶ãàãñ¹ãõ‡ãŠãä¶ã£ãã¶ã ý ¦ãñâ ‚ãÌ¾ã¾ã ¦ãâî
ØãÖ¶ã ý ‚ããäÌã¶ããÎã •ããè ýý8ýý ¦ãâî £ã½ããÃÞãã ÌããñËãÌãã ý ‚ã¶ãããäªãäÔã£ª ¦ãâî ¶ãÌãã ý •ãã¥ãñâ ½ããè
Ôãªãä¦ãÔããÌãã (œ§ããèÔã ¦ã§ÌããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãËãè‡ãŠ¡Þãã) ý ¹ãìÀìÓã ãäÌãÎãñÓã ¦ãâî ýý9ýý
‚ã¶ãããäª½ã£¾ãã¶¦ã½ã¶ã¶¦ãÌããè¾ãÃ½ã¶ã¶¦ãºããÖâì ÎããäÎãÔãî¾ãÃ¶ãñ¨ã½ãá ý ¹ãÎ¾ãããä½ã ¦Ìããâ ªãè¹¦ãÖì¦ããÎãÌã‡ã¨ãâ
ÔÌã¦ãñ•ãÔãã ãäÌãÎÌããä½ãªâ ¦ã¹ã¶¦ã½ãá ýý19ýý

¦ãâî ‚ãããäª½ã£¾ããâ¦ãÀãäÖ¦ãì ý ÔÌãÔãã½ã©¾ãñÃ ¦ãâî ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãì ý ãäÌãÎÌãºããÖì ‚ã¹ããäÀãä½ã¦ãì ý ãäÌãÎÌãÞãÀ¥ã ¦ãâî
ýý310ýý ¹ãõâ ÞãâªÆ Þãâ¡ãâÎãì ¡ãñßãâ ý ªããäÌã¦ãããäÔã ‡ãŠãñ¹ã¹ãÆÔããª Ëãèßã ý †‡ãŠãâ ÀîÔãÔããè (ÎããÔã¶ã ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããñÔã)
¦ã½ãããäÞã¾ãã ¡ãñßãâ ý †‡ãŠãâ ¹ãããäß¦ããñãäÔã ‡ãðŠ¹ããªðÓ›ãè ýý11ýý •ããè †ÌãâãäÌã£ãã ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ý ½ããè ªñŒã¦ãÔãñâ Öñâ
ãä¶ãÀì¦ãñâ ý ¹ãñ›Ëñâ ¹ãÆß¾ããØ¶ããèÞãñâ „ãä•ã¦ãñâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ Ìã‡ã¨ã Öñâ ¦ãì¢ãñâ ýý12ýý Ìããä¥ãÌãñãä¶ã ¹ãñ›Ëñ ¹ãÌãÃ¦ã ý
‡ãŠÌãßîãä¶ã •ÌããßãâÞãñ „¼ã¡ „Ÿ¦ã ý ¦ãõÔããè Þãã›ãè¦ã ªã¤ã ªãâ¦ã ý •ããè¼ã Ëãñßñ ýý13ýý ƒ¾ãñ
Ìãª¶ããèâãäÞã¾ãã „ºãã ý ‚ãããä¥ã •ããè ÔãÌãâãÃØã‡ãŠãâ¦ããèãäÞã¾ãã ¹ãÆ¼ãã ý ãäÌãÎÌã ¦ãã¦ãËñâ (¹ããñßËñËñ, ¦ãã¹ãËñËñ) ‚ããä¦ã
àããñ¼ãã ý •ãã¦ã ‚ããÖñ ýý14ýý
ª¿ããÌãã¹ãðãä©ãÌ¾ããñãäÀª½ã¶¦ãÀâ ãäÖ Ì¾ãã¹¦ãâ ¦Ìã¾ãõ‡ãñŠ¶ã ãäªÎãÎÞã ÔãÌããÃ: ý ªðÓ›Ìããçªá¼ãì¦ãâ Àì¹ã½ãìØãÆâ ¦ãÌãñªâ
Ëãñ‡ãŠ¨ã¾ãâ ¹ãÆÌ¾ããä©ã¦ãâ ½ãÖã¦½ã¶ã: ýý20ýý
‡ãŠãâ •ãñ ª¿ããõËãñÃ‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãã¦ããß ý ¹ãðãä©ãÌããè ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãâ¦ãÀãß ý ‚ã©ãÌãã ªÎããäªÎãã Ôã½ãã‡ãìŠß (ÔãÌãÃ,
ÔãØãßñ) ý ãäªÎããÞã‡ãÆŠ ýý15ýý Öñâ ‚ããÜãÌãñâãäÞã ¦ãìÌããâ †‡ãñâŠ ý ¼ãÀËñ ªñŒã¦ã ‚ããÖñâ ‡ãŠãõ¦ãì‡ãñâŠ ý ¹ããäÀ
ØãØã¶ããÖãèÔã‡ãŠ› ¼ã¾ãã¶ã‡ãñâŠ ý ‚ãã¹ËãäÌã•ãñ •ãñÌããèâ ýý16ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ‚ãªá¼ãì¦ã ÀÔãããäÞã¾ãã ‡ãŠÊËãñßãèâ ý
•ããÖËãè ÞãÌãªãÖãè ¼ãìÌã¶ããâãäÔã ‡ãŠãä¡¾ããßãèâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ããÎÞã¾ãÃãäÞã ½ãØã ½ããè ‚ãã‡ãŠßãèâ ý ‡ãŠã¾ã
†‡ãŠ?ýý17ýý ¶ããÌãÀñ Ì¾ãã¹¦ããè Öñ ‚ãÔãã£ããÀ¥ã ý ¶ã ÔããÖÌãñ Àî¹ããÞãñâ „ØãÆ¹ã¥ã ý ÔãìŒã ªìÀãè ØãñËñâ ¹ãÀãè
¹ãÆã¥ã ý ãäÌã¹ãã¾ãñâ £ããäÀ•ãñ ýý18ýý ªñÌãã †ñÔãñâ ªñŒããñãä¶ã ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ý ¶ãñ¥ããñâ ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ‚ããËñâ ¼ã¾ããÞãñâ ¼ããäÀ¦ãñâ ý
‚ãã¦ããâ ªì:Œã‡ãŠÊËãñßãèâ ¢ãßâºã¦ãñâ ý ãä¦ã¶Öãèâ ¼ãìÌã¶ãñâ ýý19ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ¦ãì•ã ½ãÖã¦½ã¾ããÞãñâ ªñŒã¥ãñâ ý ¦ããäÀ
¼ã¾ãªì:ŒãããäÔã ‡ãŠãâ ½ãñßÌã¥ãñâ ?ý ¹ããäÀ Öñâ ÔãìŒã ¶ãÌÖñãäÞã •ãñ¥ãñâ Øãì¥ãñâ ý ¦ãñâ •ãã¥ã¦ã (¼ããÔã¦ãñâ) ‚ããÖñ ½ã•ã
ýý320ýý •ãâÌã ¦ãì¢ãñâ Àî¹ã ¶ããñÖñ ãäªŸñâ ý ¦ãâÌã •ãØãããäÔã ÔãâÔãããäÀ‡ãŠ Øããñ½ã›ñâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ªñãäŒãËããäÔã ¦ãÀãè
ãäÌãÓã¾ããäÌã›ñâ ý „¹ã¶ãËã ¨ããÔãì ýý21ýý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã ¦ãì•ã ªñãäŒããäË¾ããÔããŸãèâ ý ‡ãŠã¾ã ÔãÖÔãã ¦ãì•ã ªñÌããñâ
¾ãñƒÃË ãä½ãŸãè ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¶ãñªãèâ ¦ãÀãè Îããñ‡ãŠÔãâ‡ãŠ›ãèâ ý ÀãÖãñâ ‡ãñŠÌããèâ?ýý22ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ½ããØããâ ÔãÀãñâ ¦ãâÌã
ÔãâÔããÀì (•ã¶½ã½ãÀ¥ã) ý ‚ãã¡Ìããè¦ã ¾ãñ¦ãÔãñ ‚ããä¶ãÌããÀì ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãì¤ãâ ¦ãâî ¦ãâÌã ‚ã¶ããÌãÀì ý ¶ã¾ãñãäÔã ÜãñÌããñâ
ýý23ýý †ñÔãã ½ãã¢ããÀãäË¾ãã Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ãâ ý ºãã¹ãì¡¿ãã ¨ãõËãñ‡ã¾ããÞãã Öãñ¦ãÔãñ ÖìÀ¡ã ý †ñÔãã Öã £Ìã¶ããè •ããè
¹ãìŠ¡ã ý Þããñ•ãÌãËã ½ã•ã ýý24ýý •ãõÔãã ‚ããÀâºãßËã ‚ããØããè ý ¦ããñ Ôã½ãìªÆã ¾ãñ ãä¶ãÌããÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ý ¦ãâÌã
‡ãŠÊËãñß¹ãããä¥ã¾ãããäÞã¾ããâ ¦ãÀâØããèâ („Ôãß¥ããÅ¾ãã ¹ãã¥¾ããÞ¾ãã Ëã›ãâ¶ããèâ) ý ‚ããØãßã ãäºãÖñýý25ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¾ãã
•ãØãããäÔã •ããÖËñâ ý ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ªñŒããñãä¶ã ¦ãß½ããäß¦ã ŸñËñâ ý
‚ã½ããè ãäÖ ¦Ìããâ ÔãìÀÔãâÜãã ãäÌãÎããä¶¦ã ‡ãñŠãäÞã¦ãá ¼ããè¦ãã: ¹ãÆãš•ãË¾ããñ Øãð¥ããä¶¦ã ý ÔÌãÔ¦ããè¦¾ãì‡ã¦Ìãã
½ãÖãäÓãÃãäÔã£ªÔãâÜãã: Ô¦ãìÌããä¶¦ã ¦Ìããâ Ô¦ãìãä¦ããä¼ã: ¹ãìÓ‡ãŠËããä¼ã: ýý21ýý
¾ãã½ãã•ããèâ ¹ãõË ¼ãËñ ý —ãã¶ãÎãîÀãâÞãñ ½ãñßãÌãñ ýý26ýý Öñ ¦ãì¢ãñãä¶ã ‚ããâãäØã‡ãñâŠ ¦ãñ•ãñâ ý •ããßîãä¶ã ÔãÌãÃ
‡ãŠ½ãâãÃÞããèâ ºããè•ãñâ ý ãä½ãß¦ã ¦ãì•ã ‚ããâ¦ãì ÔãÖ•ãñâ ý Ôãªá¼ããÌãñâÔããèâ ýý27ýý ‚ãããä¥ã‡ãŠ †‡ãŠ ÔãããäÌã¾ãããäÞã
¼ã¾ã¼ããèÀì ý ÔãÌãÃÔÌãñâ £ãÀîãä¶ã ¦ãì¢ããè ½ããñÖÀì ý ¦ãì•ã ¹ãÆããä©ãÃ¦ãããä¦ã ‡ãŠÀì ý •ããñ¡ãñãä¶ã¾ããâ ýý28ýý ªñÌãã
‚ããäÌãª¿ãã¥ãÃÌããèâ ¹ããä¡Ëãñâ ý •ããè ãäÌãÓã¾ãÌããØãìÀñâ ‚ããâ¦ãì¡Ëãñâ ý ÔÌãØãÃÔãâÔããÀããäÞã¾ãã Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡Ëãñ (¹ãñÞããâ¦ã
¹ã¡Ëãñ) ý ªãñÖãè ¼ããØããèâ ýý29ýý †ñÔãñâ ‚ãã½ãìÞãñâ Ôããñ¡Ìã¥ãñâ ý ¦ãìÞãÌããâÞããñãä¶ã ‡ãŠãè•ãñË ‡ãŠÌã¥ãñâ?ý ¦ãì•ã
ÎãÀ¥ã Øãã ÔãÌãÃ¹ãÆã¥ãñâ ý ½Ö¥ã¦ã ªñÌãã ýý330ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÖÓããèÃ ‚ã©ãÌãã ãäÔã£ª ý ãäÌãª¿ãã£ãÀÔã½ãîÖ
ãäÌããäÌã£ã ý Öñ ºããñË¦ã ¦ãì•ã ÔÌããäÔ¦ãÌããª ý ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããè Ô¦ãÌã¶ã ýý31ýý
ÀìªÆããäª¦¾ãã ÌãÔãÌããñ ¾ãñ Þã Ôãã£¾ãã ãäÌãÎÌãñçãäÎÌã¶ããõ ½ãÀì¦ãÎÞããñÓ½ã¹ããÎÞã ý
Øã¶£ãÌãÃ¾ãàããÔãìÀãäÔã£ªÔãâÜãã Ìããèàã¶¦ãñ ¦Ìããâ ãäÌããäÔ½ã¦ããÎÞãõÌã ÔãÌãñÃ ýý22ýý
Öñ ÀìªÆããäª¦¾ããâÞãñ ½ãñßãÌãñ ý ÌãÔãì Ö¶ã Ôãã£¾ã ‚ããÜãÌãñ ý ‚ãããäÎÌã¶ããõ ªñÌã ãäÌãÎÌãñªñÌã ãäÌã¼ãÌãñâ ý Ìãã¾ãìÖãè Öñ
•ããè ýý32ýý‚ãÌã£ããÀã ãä¹ã¦ãÀ Ö¶ã Øãâ£ãÌãÃ ý ¹ãõË ¾ãàãÀàããñØã¥ã ÔãÌãÃ ý •ããè ½ãÖñâªÆ½ãìŒ¾ã (ƒâªÆ) ªñÌã ý
‡ãŠãâ ãäÔã£ªããäª‡ãŠ ýý33ýý Öñâ ‚ããÜãÌãñãäÞã ‚ãã¹ãìËããäË¾ãã Ëãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý Ôããñ¦‡ãâŠãäŸ¦ã ‚ãÌãËãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý Öñ
½ãÖã½ãî¦ããèÃ ªõãäÌã‡ãŠãè ý ¹ããÖã¦ã ‚ããÖã¦ããè ýý34ýý ½ãØã ¹ããÖã¦ã ¹ããÖã¦ã ¹ãÆãä¦ãàã¥ããèâ ý ãäÌããäÔ½ã¦ã Öãñ…ãä¶ã
‚ãâ¦ã:‡ãŠÀ¥ããèâ ý ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ã ãä¶ã•ã½ãì‡ãìŠ›ãèâ ÌããñÌããß¥ããè ý ¹ãÆ¼ãì•ããè ¦ãì•ã ýý35ýý ¦ãñ •ã¾ã•ã¾ã ÜããñÓã ‡ãŠËÀÌãñâ
ý ÔÌãØãÃ Øãã•ããäÌã¦ãã¦ããè ‚ããÜãÌãñ ý ŸñãäÌã¦ã ËËã›ãÌãÀãè ºãÀÌãñ ý ‡ãŠÀÔãâ¹ãì› ýý36ýý ãä¦ã¾ãñ
ãäÌã¶ã¾ãªÆì½ãããäÞã¾ãñ ‚ããÀÌããèâ ý ÔãìÀÌãã¡Ëãè Ôãããä§Ìã‡ãŠãâÞããè ½ãã£ãÌããè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‡ãŠÀÔãâ¹ãî›¹ãÊËÌããèâ (ªãñ¶ã
Öã¦ããâ¶ããèâ) ý ¦ãâî Öãñ¦ãããäÔã ¹ãŠß ýý37ýý
Àî¹ãâ ½ãÖ§ãñ ºãÖìÌã‡ã¨ã¶ãñ¨ãâ ½ãÖãºããÖãñ ºãÖìºããÖîÀì¹ããª½ãá ý ºãÖîªÀâ ºãÖìªâÓ›È‡ãŠÀãËâ ªðÓ›áÌãã Ëãñ‡ãŠã:

¹ãÆÌ¾ããä©ã¦ããÔ¦ã©ããçÖ½ãá ýý23ýý
•ããè ËãñÞã¶ããâ ¼ããØ¾ã „ªñËñâ ý ½ã¶ãã ÔãìŒããÞãñâ Ôãì¾ãã¥ãñâ (Ôãì‡ãŠãß) ¹ããÖËñâ ý •ãñ ‚ãØãã£ã ¦ãì¢ãñâ ªñãäŒãËñâ ý
ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ƒÖãèâ ýý38ýý Öñâ Ëãñ‡ãŠ¨ã¾ãÌ¾ãã¹ã‡ãŠ Àî¹ã¡ñâ ý ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ªñÌããâÖãè ÌãÞã‡ãŠ ¹ã¡ñ ý ¾ããÞãñâ
Ôã¶½ãìŒã¹ã¥ã •ããñ¡ñ ý ¼ãË¦ã¾ãã‡ãŠ¡ì¶ããè ýý39ýý †ñÔãñâ †‡ãŠãäÞã ¹ãÀãè ãäÌããäÞã¨ãñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¼ã¾ãã¶ã‡ãñâŠ
Ìã‡ã¨ãâñâý ºãÖìËãñÞã¶ã Öñ ÔãÎãÔ¨ãñâ ý ‚ã¶ãâ¦ã¼ãì•ãã ýý340ýý ‚ã¶ãâ¦ã ÞããÀì ºããÖì ÞãÀ¥ã ý ºãÖîªÀ ‚ãããä¥ã
¶ãã¶ããÌã¥ãÃ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ¹ãÆãä¦ãÌãª¶ããèâ ½ãã¦ãËñ¹ã¥ã ý ‚ããÌãñÎããÞãñâ ýý41ýý Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ ½ãÖã‡ãŠÊ¹ãããäÞã¾ãã ‚ãâ¦ããèâ ý
¦ãÌã‡ãŠËñãä¶ã ¾ã½ãñâ •ãñ„¦ã¦ãñ„¦ããèâ ý ¹ãÆß¾ããØ¶ããèÞããèâ „ãä•ã¦ããèâ (Öãñß¿ãã ¹ãÔãÀÊ¾ãã) ý ‚ããâºãìãäŒãËãèâ •ãõÔããèâ
ýý42ýý ¶ãã ¦ãÀãè ÔãâÖãÀãä¨ã¹ãìÀãÀãèÞããèâ ¾ãâ¨ãñâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¹ãÆß¾ã¼ãõÀÌããÞããèâ àãñ¨ãñâ ý ¶ãã¶ãã ¾ãìØããâ¦ãÎã§ãŠãèÞããèâ
¹ãã¨ãñâ ý ¼ãî¦ããäŒãÞãã Ìããñ¤ãäÌãËãèâ ýý43ýý ¦ãõÔããèâ ãä•ã¾ãñãä¦ã¾ãñ‡ãŠ¡ñ ý ¦ãì¢ããè Ìã‡ã¨ãñâ •ããè ¹ãÆÞãâ¡ñâ ý ¶ã Ôã½ãã¦ããè
ªÀãè½ãã•ããèâ ãäÔãâÌÖã¡ñ ý ¦ãõÔãñ ªÎã¶ã ãäªÔã¦ããè ÀãØããè› ýý44ýý •ãõÔãñâ ‡ãŠãßÀã¨ããèÞãñãä¶ã ‚ãâ£ããÀñâ ý
„ÊÖãÔã¦ã ãä¶ãÜã¦ããè ÔãâÖãÀŒãñÞãÀñâ (¶ããÎã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀãèâ ãä¹ãÎããÞÞãñâ) ý ¦ãõãäÔã¾ãã Ìãª¶ããèâ ¹ãÆß¾ãÀìãä£ãÀñâ ý
‡ãŠã›ãäË¾ãã ªã¤ã ýý45ýý Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ ‡ãŠãßñâ ‚ãÌãâãä¦ãËñâ À¥ã ý ‡ãŠãâ ÔãÌãÃ ÔãâÖãÀñâ ½ãã¦ãËñâ ½ãÀ¥ã ý ¦ãõÔãñâ
‚ããä¦ããä¼ãâØãìßÌãã¥ãñâ¹ã¥ã ý Ìãª¶ããèâ ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãñ ýý46ýý Öñ ºãã¹ãì¡ãè Ëãñ‡ãŠÔãðÓ›ãè ý ½ããñ›‡ãŠãè¾ãñ ãäÌã¹ããƒËãè
ãäªŸãè ý ‚ãããä¥ã ªì:Œã‡ãŠããäËâªãèãäÞã¾ãã ¦ã›ãèâ ý ¢ãã¡ Öãñ…ãä¶ã ŸñËãè ýý47ýý ¦ãì•ã ½ãÖã½ãð¦¾ãîãäÞã¾ãã
ÔããØãÀãèâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ Öñ ¨ãõËãñ‡ã¾ã•ããèãäÌã¦ããÞããè ¦ãÀãè ý Îããñ‡ãŠªìÌããÃ¦ãËÖÀãè (Îããñ‡ãŠÀî¹ããèâ Ìããªßãâ¦ããèË Ëã›ãâ¶ããèâ) ý
‚ããâªãñß¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý48ýý †©ã ‡ãŠãñ¹ããñãä¶ã •ãÀãè Ìãõ‡ãìâŠŸñâ ý †ñÔãñâ ½Öãä¥ã¹ãõË ‚ãÌãÞã›ñâ ý •ãñ ¦ãì•ã Ëãñ‡ãŠãâÞãñâ
‡ãŠãƒ Ìãã›ñ?ý ¦ãâî £¾ãã¶ãÔãìŒã Öñâ ¼ããñØããèâ ýý49ýý ¦ãÀãè •ããè Ëãñ‡ãŠãâÞãñâ ‡ãŠãèÀ Ôãã£ããÀ¥ã ý Ìãã¾ããâ ‚ãã¡
Ôãî¦ãÔãñâ Ìããñ¡¥ã (¤ãË, ãä¶ããä½ã§ã) ý ‡ãñŠÌããèâ ÔãÖÔãã ½Ö¥ãñâ ¹ãÆã¥ã ý ½ãã¢ãñãäÞã ‡ãŠãâ¹ã¦ããè ýý350ýý •¾ãã ½ã•ã
ÔãâÖãÀÀìªÆ ÌãããäÔã¹ãñ ý •¾ãã ½ã•ã¼ãñ¥ãñâ ½ãð¦¾ãì Ë¹ãñ ý ¦ããñ ½ããè †©ãñâ ‚ãÖãßºããÖßãè ‡ãŠãâ¹ãñâ ý †ñÔãñâ ¦ãìÌããâ
‡ãñŠËñâ ýý51ýý ¹ãÀãè ¶ãÌãË ºãã¹ãã Öñ ½ãÖã½ããÀãè ý ƒ¾ãã ¶ãã½ã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã •ãÀãè ý Öñ ¼¾ããÔãìÀ¹ã¥ãñâ ÖãÀãè ý
¼ã¾ãããäÔã ‚ãã¥ããè ýý52ýý
¶ã¼ã:Ô¹ãðÎãâ ªãè¹¦ã½ã¶ãñ‡ãŠÌã¥âãÃ Ì¾ãã§ãã¶ã¶ãâ ªãè¹¦ããäÌãÎããË¶ãñ¨ã½ãá ý ªðÓ›áã ãäÖ ¦Ìããâ ¹ãÆÌ¾ããä©ã¦ãã¶¦ãÀã¦½ãã
£ãðãä¦ãâ ¶ã ãäÌã¶ªããä½ã Îã½ãâ Þã ãäÌãÓ¥ããñ ýý24ýý
ŸñËãèâ ½ãÖã‡ãŠãßñâãäÔã Ö›ñâ¦ã›ñâ ý ¦ãõÔããèâ ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè†‡ãñâŠ ½ãìŒãñâ ÀããäØã›ñâ ý ƒÖãèâ Ìãã¤ãñãä¶ã¾ããâ £ãã‡ãìŠ›ñâ ý
‚ãã‡ãŠãÎã ‡ãñŠËñâ ýý53ýý ØãØã¶ããÞãñãä¶ã Ìãã¡¹ã¥ãñâ (½ããñŸñ¹ã¥ãã¶ãñâ) ¶ãã‡ãŠßñ ý ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ããèâãäÞã¾ããÖãè ÌãããäÀ¾ãã ¶ã
Ìãñâ›ãßñâ ý ¾ã¾ããÞãñãä¶ã Ìãã¹ãŠã ‚ããØããè •ãßñ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ £ã¡ã¡ãè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý54ýý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã †‡ãŠãÔãããäÀŒãñâ †‡ãŠ
¶ããñÖñ ý †©ã Ìã¥ããÃÌã¥ããÃÞãã ¼ãñªì ‚ããÖñ ý Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ •ãñ ¹ãÆß¾ããèâ ÔããÌããÌããñ ËãÖñ ý Ìã¶Öãè ¾ã¾ããÞãã ýý55ýý
•ã¾ãããäÞã¾ãñ ‚ããâØããèâÞããè ªãè¹¦ããè ¾ãñÌã¤ãè ý •ãñ ¨ãõËãñ‡ã¾ã ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ÀãŒããñâ¡ãèâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¦ã¾ããÖãè ¦ããñâ¡ñâ ‚ãããä¥ã
¦ããñâ¡ãèâ ý ªãâ¦ã ªã¤ã ýý56ýý ‡ãõŠÔãã ÌããÀ¾ãã £ã¶ãìÌããÃ¦ã Þã¤Ëã ý Ôã½ãìªÆ ‡ãŠãèâ ½ãÖã¹ãìÀãèâ ¹ããä¡Ëã ý
ãäÌãÓãããäØ¶ã ½ããÀã ¹ãÆÌã¦ãÃËã ý Ìã¡Ìãã¶ãßãÔããè ýý57ýý ÖßãÖß ‚ããØããèâ ãä¹ã¾ããËñâ ý ¶ãÌãË ½ãÀ¥ã ½ããÀã
¹ãÆÌã¦ãÃËñâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ÔãâÖãÀ¦ãñ•ãã ¾ãã •ããÖËñâ ý Ìãª¶ã ªñŒãã ýý58ýý ¹ãÀãè ‡ãŠãñ¥ãñâ ½ãã¶ãñâ ãäÌãÎããß ý •ãõÔãñâ
¦ãì›ãäË¾ãã ‚ãâ¦ãÀãß ý ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎãããäÔã ‡ãŠÌÖß ý ¹ã¡ãñãä¶ã ŸñËñâ ýý59ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ‡ãŠãŒãñ Ôãîãä¶ã ÌãÔãìâ£ãÀãè
ý •ãõâ ãäÖÀ¥¾ããàãì ãäÀØããËã ãäÌãÌãÀãèâ ý ¦ãõâ „Üã¡Ëñâ Öã›‡ãñŠÎÌãÀãèâ (¹ãã¦ããßãâ¦ããèË ½ãÖãªñÌãã¶ãñâ) ý •ãñÌããèâ
¹ãã¦ããß‡ãìŠÖÀ ýý360ýý ¦ãõÔãã Ìã‡ã¨ããâÞãã ãäÌã‡ãŠãÎãì ý ½ãã•ããèâ ãä•ãÌÖãâÞãã ‚ããØãßããäÞã ‚ããÌãñÎãì ý ãäÌãÎÌã
¶ã ¹ãìÀñ ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ÜããâÔãì ý ¶ã ¼ãÀãèãäÞã ‡ãŠãñ¡ñâ ýý61ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãã¦ããßÌ¾ããßãâãäÞã¾ãã ¹ãîŠ¦‡ãŠãÀãèâ ý
ØãÀß•Ìããßã ËãØã¦ããè ‚ãâºãÀãèâ ý ¦ãõÔããè ¹ãÔãÀãäË¾ãñ Ìãª¶ãªÀãè- ý ½ãã•ããèâ Öñ ãä•ãÌÖã ýý62ýý ‡ãŠã¤îãä¶ã
¹ãÆß¾ããäÌã•ãîÞããè •ãâìºãã¡ñâ ý •ãõÔãñâ ¹ã¶¶ãããäÔãËñ ØãØã¶ããÞãñ Öì¡ñ ý ¦ãõÔãñ ‚ããÌããßìÌããâÌãÀãè (‚ããñâŸãºããÖñÀ) ‚ããâ‡ãŠ¡ñ
ý £ãØã£ãØããè¦ã ªã¤ãâÞãñ ýý63ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ËËã›¹ã›ããäÞã¾ãñ Œããñßñ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ¼ã¾ãã¦ãñâ ¼ãñ¡ãäÌã¦ãã¦ããè ¡ãñßñ ý
Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ •ãñ ½ãÖã½ãð¦¾ãìÞãñ „½ããßñ (¹ãÆÌããÖ, Ëãñ›) ý ‡ãŠ¡ÌãÔããâ ÀããäÖËñ ýý64ýý †ñÔãñâ Ìãã…ãä¶ã ¼ã¾ããÞãñâ
¼ããñ•ã ý †©ã ‡ãŠã¾ã ãä¶ã¹ã•ãÌãâî ¹ããÖ¦ããñãäÔã ‡ãŠã•ã ý ¦ãñâ ¶ãñ¥ããñâ ¹ãÀãè ½ã•ã ý ½ãÀ¥ã¼ã¾ã ‚ããËñâ ýý65ýý
ªñÌãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ¹ãÖãÌã¾ããÞãñ ¡ãñÖßñ ý ‡ãñŠËñ ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ¹ããÌãËãñâ ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ãŠßñâ ý ºãã¹ãã ªñãäŒãËããäÔã ‚ãã¦ããâ ¡ãñßñ
ý ãä¶ãÌããÌãñ ¦ãõÔãñ ãä¶ãÌããËñ ýý66ýý ‚ãÖãñ ªñÖãñ ¹ãããä©ãÃÌã (½ãã¦ããèÞãã) ‡ãŠãèÀ •ãã¾ãñ ý ¾ã¾ããÞããè ‡ãŠã‡ãìŠß¦ããè
‡ãŠÌã¥ãã ‚ããÖñ ý ¹ããäÀ ‚ãã¦ããâ Þãõ¦ã¶¾ã ½ãã¢ãñâ ãäÌã¹ãã¾ãñâ ý ÌããâÞãñ ‡ãŠãèâ ¶ã ÌããâÞãñ!ýý67ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ¼ã¾ããÔ¦ãÌã
‚ããâØã ‡ãŠãâ¹ãñ ý ¶ããÌãñ‡ãŠ ‚ããØãßñâ ¦ãÀãè ½ã¶ã ¦ãã¹ãñ ý ‚ã©ãÌãã ºãì£ªãèÖãè ÌãããäÔã¹ãñ ý ‚ããä¼ã½ãã¶ãì ãäÌãÔããäÀ•ãñ
ýý68ýý ¹ãÀãè ¾ãñ¦ãìãäË¾ããÖãè ÌãñØãßã ý •ããñ ‡ãñŠÌãß ‚ãã¶ãâªõ‡ãŠ‡ãŠßã ý ¦ã¾ãã ‚ãâ¦ãÀã¦½ã¾ããÖãè ãä¶ãÎÞãßã
ý ãäÎã¾ããÀãè (ãäÎãÔããÀãè, ‡ãŠâ¹ã, ‡ãŠã›ãâ) ‚ããËãè ýý69ýý ºãã¹ã Ôããàãã¦‡ãŠãÀãÞãã Ìãñ£ãì ý ‡ãõŠÔãã ªñÎã£ã¡ãè ‡ãñŠËã
ºããñ£ãì ý Öã ØãìÀìãäÎãÓ¾ãÔãâºãâ£ãì ý ãäÌã¹ãã¾ãñâ ¶ããâªñ ýý370ýý ªñÌãã ¦ãì¢¾ãã ¾ãñ ªÎãÃ¶ããèâ ý •ãñâ Ìãõ‡ãŠÊ¾ã
„¹ã•ãËñâ ‚ããÖñ ‚ãâ¦ã:‡ãŠÀ¥ããèâ ý ¦ãñâ ÔããâÌãÀãÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ØãâÌãÔã¥ããè ý £ãõ¾ããÃÞããè ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãÔãñâ ýý71ýý ¦ãâÌã
½ãã¢ãñãä¶ã ¶ãã½ãñâ £ãõ¾ãÃ ÖãÀ¹ãËñâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¦ã¾ããÖãèÌãÀãè ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã •ããÖËñâ ý Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ ¹ããäÀ ½ã•ã ¼ãËñâ
‚ãã¦ãì¡ãäÌãËñâ (Øãâì¦ããäÌãËñâ, ØãìÀ¹ãŠãä›Ëñâ) ý „¹ãªñÎãã ƒ¾ãã ýý72ýý •ããèÌã ãäÌãÔãâÌããÌã¾ãããäÞã¾ãã Þãã¡ã ý ÔãõâÜã
£ããâÌãã£ããâÌããè ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ãÔãñ ºãã¹ãì¡ã ý ¹ããäÀ Ôããñ¾ãÖãè ‡ãŠÌã¥ãñ‡ãŠ¡ãâ ý ¶ã Ë¼ãñ †©ã ýý73ýý †ñÔãñâ
ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãããäÞã¾ãã ½ãÖã½ããÀãè ý •ããèãäÌã¦Ìã ØãñËñâ ‚ããÖñ ÞãÀãÞãÀãèâ ý •ããè ¶ã ºããñËñâ ¦ããäÀ ‡ãŠã¾ã ‡ãŠÀãèâ ý
‡ãõŠÔãñãä¶ã ÀãÖñâ?ýý74ýý
ªâÓ›Èã‡ãŠÀãËããä¶ã Þã ¦ãñ ½ãìŒãããä¶ã ªðÓ›áÌãõÌã ‡ãŠãËã¶ãËÔããä¶¶ã¼ãããä¶ã ý ãäªÎãã ¶ã •ãã¶ãñ ¶ã Ë¼ãñ Þã
Îã½ãÃ ¹ãÆÔããèª ªñÌãñÎã •ãØããä¶¶ãÌããÔã ýý25ýý
¹ãõâ ‚ãŒãâ¡ ¡ãñß¿ããâ¹ãì¤ñâ ý ¹ãìŠ›Ëñâ •ãõÔãñâ ½ãÖã¼ã¾ããÞãñâ ¼ããâ¡ñâ ý ¦ãõÔããèâ ¦ãì¢ããèâ ½ãìŒãñâ ãäÌã¦ãâ¡ñâ (½ããñŸãèâ) ý
¹ãÔãÀËãèâ ªñŒãñâ ýý75ýý ‚ãÔããñ ªãâ¦ã ªã¤ãâÞããè ªã›ãè ý ¶ã ¢ããâ‡ãŠÌãñ ½ãã ªãñªãñâ ÌããñŸãèâ ý ÔãõâÜã
¹ãÆß¾ãÎãÔ¨ããâãäÞã¾ãã ªã› ‡ãŠãâ›ãè ý ËãØããäË¾ãã •ãõÎãã ýý76ýý •ãõÔãñâ ¦ãàã‡ãŠã ãäÌãÓã ¼ãÀËñâ ý Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ •ãñ
‡ãŠãßÀã¨ããèâ ¼ãî¦ã ÔãâÞãÀËñâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ ‚ãØ¶ãñ¾ããÔ¨ã ¹ãÀãä•ãËñâ ý Ìã•ãÆããäØ¶ã (ãäÌã•ãñ¶ãñâ, ¹ãÆß¾ãããäØ¶ã) •ãõÔãñâ ýý77ýý
¦ãõÎããèâ ¦ãì¢ããèâ Ìã‡ã¨ãñâ ¹ãÆÞãâ¡ñâ ý ÌããäÀ ‚ããÌãñÎã Öã ºããÖñÀãè ÌããñÔãâ¡ñ ý ‚ããËñ ½ãÀ¥ãÀÔããÞãñ Ëãñâ¤ñ ý
‚ãã½ÖãâÌãÀãè ýý78ýý ÔãâÖãÀÔã½ã¾ããèâÞãã Þãâ¡ããä¶ãßì (¹ãÆÞãâ¡ ÌããÀã, ¢ãâ¢ããÌãã¦ã) ý ‚ãããä¥ã ½ãÖã‡ãŠÊ¹ããâ¦ã
¹ãÆß¾ãã¶ãßì ý ¾ãã ªãñÖãèâ •ãõâ Öãñ¾ã ½ãñßì ý ¦ãõâ ‡ãŠã¾ã †‡ãŠ ¶ã •ãßñ?ýý79ýý ¦ãõÔããèâ ÔãâÖãÀ‡ãñâŠ ¦ãì¢ããèâ
½ãìŒãñâ ý ªñŒããñãä¶ã £ããèÀì ‡ãŠãâ ‚ãã½Öãâ ¹ããÀìŒãñ?ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¼ãìËËãñâ ½ããè ãäªÎãã ¶ã ªñŒãñâ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ¶ãñ¥ãñâ
ýý380ýý ½ããñ›‡ãñâŠ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ¡ãñßãâ ªñãäŒãËñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãìŒããÞãñâ ‚ãÌãÓãÃ¥ã ¹ããä¡Ëñâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ •ãã¹ãã¥ããè
•ãã¹ãã¥ããè ‚ãã¹ãìËñâ ý ‚ãÔ¦ããÌ¾ãÔ¦ã Öñâ ýý81ýý †ñÔãñâ ‡ãŠãäÀÔããè ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã •ãÀãè •ãã¥ãñâ ý ¦ãÀãè Öñ ØããñÓ›ãè
ÔããâØããÌããè ‡ãŠãâ ½ããè ½Ö¥ãñâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ †‡ãŠ Ìãñß ÌããâÞãÌããè •ããè ¹ãÆã¥ãñâ ý ¾ãã ÔÌãÀî¹ã¹ãÆß¾ãã¹ããÔããñãä¶ã ýý82ýý
•ãÀãè ¦ãâî ØããñÔããÌããè ‚ãã½ãìÞãã ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãã ý ¦ãÀãè ÔãìƒÃâ (‚ãã¡ ÜããË) Ìããñ¡¥ã ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã •ããèãäÌã¦ãã ý Ôããâ›Ìããè
¹ãÔããÀã Öã ½ããØãì¦ãã ý ½ãÖã½ããÀãèÞãã ýý83ýý ‚ããƒ‡ãñâŠ Ôã‡ãŠß ªñÌããâãäÞã¾ãã ¹ãÀªñÌã¦ãñ ý ¦ãìÌããâ Þãõ¦ã¶¾ãñâ
Øãã ãäÌãÎÌã ÌãÔã¦ãñâ ý ¦ãñâ ãäÌãÔãÀËããäÔã Öñâ „¹ãÀ¦ãñâ ý ÔãâÖãÀâî ‚ããªãäÀËñâ ýý84ýý ½Ö¥ããñãä¶ã ÌãñØããèâ ¹ãÆÔã¶¶ã
ÖãñƒÃ ªñÌãÀã¾ãã ý ÔãâÖÀãèâ ÔãâÖÀãèâ ‚ãã¹ãìËãè ½ãã¾ãã ý ‡ãŠã¤ãèâ ½ãã¦ãñâ ½ãÖã¼ã¾ãã- ý ¹ããÔããñãä¶ã¾ããâ ýý85ýý
Öã Ÿã¾ãÌãÀãè (¾ãñ©ã¹ã¾âãÃ¦ã) ¹ãì¤¦ã¹ãì¤¦ããèâ ý ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ½Öãä¥ã•ãñ ºãÖìÌãã ‡ãŠã‡ãìŠß¦ããè ý †ñÔãã ½ããè ãäÌãÎÌã½ãî¦ããèÃ ý
¼ãñ¡‡ãŠã •ããÖËãñâ ýý86ýý •ãõâ ‚ã½ãÀãÌã¦ããè¾ãñ ‚ããËã £ãã¡ã ý ¦ãõâ ½¾ããâ †‡ãŠËñãä¶ã ‡ãñŠËã „Ìãñ¡ã ý •ããñ ½ããè
‡ãŠãßããäÞã¾ããÖãè ¦ããñâ¡ã ý ÌãããäÔã¹ãì ¶ã £ãÀãèâ ýý87ýý ¹ãÀãè ¦ã¾ãã ‚ããâ¦ãìË ¶ãÌÖñ Öñâ ªñÌãã ý †©ã ½ãð¦¾ãîÔãÖãè
‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã Þã¤ãÌãã (Þã¤ãƒÃ) ý ¦ãìÌããâ ‚ãã½ãìÞãããäÞã Üããñ›ì ¼ãÀãÌãã ý ¾ãã Ôã‡ãŠß ãäÌãÎÌãñâÔããèâ ýý88ýý ‡ãõŠÔãã
¶ãÌÖ¦ãã ¹ãÆß¾ããÞãã Ìãñßì ý ØããñŒãã ¦ãâîãäÞã ãä½ã¶ãËããäÔã ‡ãŠãßì ý ºãã¹ãì¡ã Öã ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ã Øããñßì ý ‚ãÊ¹ãã¾ãì
•ããÖËã ýý89ýý ‚ãÖã ¼ããØ¾ãã ãäÌã¹ãÀãè¦ãã ý ãäÌãÜ¶ã „ãäŸËñâ Îããâ¦ã ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ ý ‡ãŠ›‡ãŠ›ã ãäÌãÎÌã ØãñËñâ
‚ãã¦ããâ ý ¦ãâî ËãØãËããäÔã ØãÆãÔãâî ýý390ýý Öñâ ¶ãÌÖñ ½ãã Àãñ‡ãŠ¡ñâ ý ÔãõâÜã ¹ãÔãÀîãä¶ã¾ãã ¦ããñâ¡ñâ ý
‡ãŠÌããäË¦ãããäÔã ÞãÖâî‡ãŠ¡ñ ý Ôãõ¶¾ãñâ ƒ¾ãñâ ýý91ýý
‚ã½ããè Þã ¦Ìããâ £ãð¦ããÀãÓ›ÈÔ¾ã ¹ãì¨ãã: ÔãÌãñÃ ÔãÖõÌããÌããä¶ã¹ããËÔãâÜãõ: ý ¼ããèÓ½ããñ ªÆãñ¥ã: Ôãî¦ã¹ãì¨ãÔ¦ã©ããÔããõ
ÔãÖãÔ½ãªãè¾ãõÀãä¹ã ¾ããñ£ã½ãìŒ¾ãõ: ýý26ýý
¶ããñÖñãä¦ã? (Öñ ¶ãÌÖ¦ãñ ‡ãŠã¾ã?) Öñ ‡ãŠãõÀ‡ãìŠßãèâÞãñâ ÌããèÀ ý ‚ããâ£ããäß¾ãã £ãð¦ãÀãÓ›ÈãÞãñ ‡ãìŠ½ãÀ ý Öñ ØãñËñ ØãñËñ
ÔãÖ¹ããäÀÌããÀ ý ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãã Ìãª¶ããèâ ýý92ýý ‚ãããä¥ã •ãñ •ãñ ¾ããâÞãñãä¶ã ÔããÌãã¾ãñâ ý ‚ããËñ ªñÎããñªñÎããèâÞãñ Àã¾ãñ
ý ¦ã¾ããâÞãñâ ÔããâØããÌã¾ãã •ããÌããñâ ¶ã ËãÖñ ý †ñÔãñâ ÔãÀ‡ãŠãä›¦ã ‚ããÖãÔããè ýý93ýý ½ãª½ãìŒãããäÞã¾ãã ÔãâÜã›ã
ý Üãñ¦ã ‚ããÖããäÔã Üã›Üã›ãâ ý ‚ããÀ¥ããèâ (½ããÖã¦ããâÞ¾ãã Ôã½ãìªã¾ããÔã) Ö¶ã ©ãã›ã ý ªñ¦ãããäÔã ãä½ãŸãè ýý94ýý
•ãâ¨ããÌããäÀÞããèË ½ããÀ ý ¹ãªã¦ããèâÞãñ ½ããñØãÀ ý ½ãìŒãã‚ããâ¦ã ¼ããÀ ý ÖãÀ¹ã¦ãããä¦ã (¶ããÖãèâÎãã Öãñ¦ãã¦ã) ½ãã
ýý95ýý ‡ãðŠ¦ããâ¦ãããäÞã¾ãã •ããÌãßãè ý •ãñâ †‡ãŠãäÞã ãäÌãÎÌãã¦ãñâ ãäØãßãè ý ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ‡ãŠãñ›ãèÌãÀãè ÔãØãßãèâ ý
ãäØããäß¦ãããäÔã ÎãÔ¨ãñâ ýý96ýý Þã¦ãìÀâØãã ¹ããäÀÌããÀã ý Ôãâ•ããñãä¡¾ããâ ÀÖâÌãÀãâ ý ªãâ¦ã ¶ã ËããäÌãÔããè ½ãã
¹ãÀ½ãñÎÌãÀã ý ‡ãõŠÔãã ¦ãìÓ›ËããäÔã ºãÀÌãã ýý97ýý Öãâ Øãã ¼ããèÓ½ãã†ñÔãã ‡ãŠÌã¥ãì ý Ôã¦¾ãÎããõ¾ãÃãä¶ã¹ãì¥ãì ý
¦ããñÖãè ‚ãããä¥ã ºãÆã½Ö¥ã ªÆãñ¥ãì ý ØãÆããäÔãËããäÔã ‡ãŠ›‡ãŠ›ã ýý98ýý ‚ãÖã ÔãÖÔãÆ‡ãŠÀãÞãã (Ôãî¾ããÃÞãã) ‡ãìŠ½ãÀì
ý †©ã ØãñËã ØãñËã ‡ãŠ¥ãÃÌããèÀì ý ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãã½ãìãäÞã¾ãã ‚ããÜãÌã¾ããâÞãã ‡ãñŠÀì ý ¹ãñŠãä¡Ëã ªñŒãñâ ýý99ýý
‡ãŠ›‡ãŠ›ã £ãã¦ã¾ãã ý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ •ããÖËñâ ‚ã¶ãìØãÆÖã ¾ã¾ãã ý ãä½ã¾ããâ ¹ãÆã©ãîÃãä¶ã •ãØãã ºãã¹ãìãä¡¾ãã ý ‚ãããä¥ãËñâ
½ãÀ¥ã ýý400ýý ½ããØããâ ©ããñãä¡¾ãã ºãÖìÌãã „¹ã¹ã§ããè ý ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ÔããâãäØã¦ãËãè ¾ãã ãäÌã¼ãî¦ããè (ƒÃÎÌãÀ½ãîãä¦ãÃ) ý
¦ãõÔãã ¶ãÔãñãäÞã ½ãã ¹ãì¤¦ããè ý ºãõÔãËãñâ ¹ãìÔããñâ ýý1ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¼ããñØ¾ã ¦ãñâ ãä¨ãÎãì£ªãè ¶ã Þãì‡ãñŠ ý ‚ãããä¥ã
ºãì£ªãèÖãè Öãñ¥ããÀãÔãããäÀŒããè Ÿã‡ãñŠ ý ½ãã¢¾ãã ‡ãŠ¹ããßãèâ ãä¹ã›ãÌãñâ Ëãñ‡ãñâŠ ý ¦ãñâ Ëãñ›ñË ‡ãŠãâÖ¿ããâ ýý2ýý
¹ãîÌããèÃ ‚ã½ãð¦ãÖãè Öã¦ããâ ‚ããËñâ ý ¹ãÀãè ªñÌã ¶ãÔã¦ããèãäÞã „ØãËñ („Øãñ ÀããäÖËñ, ¦ãð¹¦ã ¢ããËñ) ý ½ãØã ‡ãŠãß‡ãîŠ›
„ŸãäÌãËñâ ý ÎãñÌã›ãèâ •ãõÔãñâ ýý3ýý ¹ãÀãè ¦ãñâ †‡ãŠºãØããèâ ©ããñ¡ñâ ý ‡ãñŠãäË¾ãã ¹ãÆãä¦ã‡ãŠãÀã½ãããä•ãÌã¡ñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã
ãä¦ã¾ãñ ‚ãÌãÔãÀãèÞãñâ ¦ãñâ Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ñâ ý ãä¶ãÔ¦ãÀãäÌãËñâ Îãâ¼ãî ýý4ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ Öã •ãß¦ããâ ÌããÀã ‡ãñâŠ Ìãñâ›ãßñâ?ý
‡ãŠãñ¥ããÖñ ãäÌãÓãã ¼ãÀËñâ ØãØã¶ã ãäØãßñ?ý ½ãÖã‡ãŠãßñâãäÔã (½ãÖã‡ãŠãßãºãÀãñºãÀ) ‡ãñâŠ Œãñßñâ?ý ‚ããâØãÌã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ
ýý5ýý †ñÔãã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã ªì:Œãñâ ãäÎã¥ã¦ãì ý ÎããñãäÞã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ •ããèÌãã‚ããâ¦ãì ý ¹ããäÀ ¶ã ªñŒãñ ¦ããñ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãì¦ãì ý
‚ããä¼ã¹ãÆã¾ã ªñÌããÞãã ýý6ýý •ãñ ½ããè ½ãããäÀ¦ãã Öñ ‡ãŠãõÀÌã ½ãÀ¦ãñ ý †ñÔãñãä¶ã Ìãñâ›ããäßËã Öãñ¦ãã ½ããñÖñâ ºãÖì¦ãñâ
ý ¦ããñ ¹ãñŠ¡ãÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãñâ ý Öñâ ªãŒããäÌãËñâ ãä¶ã•ã ýý7ýý ‚ãÀñ ‡ãŠãñ¥Öãè ‡ãŠãñ¥ãã¦ãñâ ¶ã ½ããÀãè ý †©ã
½ããèãäÞã Öãñ ÔãÌãÃ ÔãâÖãÀãèâ ý Öñâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãÌ¾ãã•ãñâ ÖÀãè ý ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãä›¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý8ýý ¹ããäÀ Ìãã¾ããâãäÞã Ì¾ãã‡ãìŠË¦ãã
ý ¦ãñâ ¶ã Þããñ•ãÌãñãäÞã ¹ãâ¡ìÔãì¦ãã ý ½ãØã ‚ãÖã („ØããÞã, Ì¾ã©ãÃ) ‡ãâŠ¹ãì ¶ãÌÖ¦ãã ý Ìãã¤ãäÌã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý9ýý
Ìã‡ã¨ãããä¥ã ¦ãñ ¦ÌãÀ½ã¥ãã ãäÌãÎããä¶¦ã ªâÓ›Èã‡ãŠÀãËããä¶ã ¼ã¾ãã¶ã‡ãŠããä¶ã ý ‡ãñŠãäÞããäÌªËØ¶ãã ªÎã¶ãã¶¦ãÀñÓãì
ÔãâªðÎ¾ã¶¦ãñ Þãîãä¥ãÃ¦ãõÀì§ã½ããÝáØãõ: ýý27ýý
¦ãñ©ã ½Ö¥ãñ ¹ããÖã Öãñ †‡ãñŠ Ìãñßñ ý ÔãããäÔã‡ãŠÌãÞãñâãäÔã (¦ãÀÌããÀãè Ìã ‡ãŠÌãÞããÔã‡ãŠ›) ªãñ¶Öãè ªßñâ ý Ìãª¶ããèâ ØãñËãèâ
‚ãã¼ããßñâ ý ØãØã¶ããèâ ‡ãŠãâ •ãõÔããèâ ýý410ýý ‡ãŠãâ ½ãÖã‡ãŠÊ¹ãããäÞã¾ãã ÎãñÌã›ãèâ ý •ãõâ ‡ãðŠ¦ããâ¦ãì ‡ãŠãñ¹ãËã Öãñ¾ã
ÔãðÓ›ãè ý ¦ãõâ †‡ãŠãäÌãÔããâ Öãè ÔÌãØããÃ ãä½ãŸãè ý ¹ãã¦ããßãÔã‡ãŠ› ªñ ýý11ýýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè „ªãÔããè¶ãñâ ªõÌãñâ ý
ÔãâÞã‡ãŠãÞããèâ (ÔãâØãÆÖ ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀãâÞããè) Ìãõ¼ãÌãñâ ý •ãñ©ããèâÞããèâ ¦ãñ©ã ÔÌã¼ããÌãñâ ý ãäÌãË¾ãã •ãã¦ããè ýý12ýý ¦ãõÔããèâ
ÔãããäÔã¶¶ãËãèâ Ôãõ¶¾ãñâ †‡ãŠÌã›ñâ ý ƒ¾ãñâ ½ãìŒããèâ •ããÖËãèâ ¹ãÆãäÌãÓ›ñâ ý ¹ããäÀ †‡ãŠÖãè ¦ããñâ¡ãõãä¶ã ¶ã Ôãì›ñ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ
‡ãŠ½ãÃ ªñŒãã ýý13ýý ‚ãÎããñ‡ãŠãÞãñ ‚ãâØãÌãÔãñ ý ÞãÜããäßËñ ‡ãŠÅÖñãä¶ã •ãõÔãñ ý Ëãñ‡ãŠ Ìã‡ã¨ããâ½ãã•ããèâ ¦ãõÔãñ ý
Ìãã¾ããâ ØãñËñ ýý14ýý ¹ããäÀ ãäÔãÔããßñâ ½ãì‡ãìŠ›Ôããèâ ý ¹ããä¡Ëãèâ ªã¤ãâÞãñ Ôããâ¡Ôããèâ ý ¹ããèŸ Öãñ¦ã ‡ãõŠÔããèâ ý
ãäªÔã¦ã ‚ããÖã¦ããè ýý15ýý ãä¦ã¾ãñâ À¦¶ãñâ ªãâ¦ããâãäÞã¾ãñ ÔãÌã¡ãè ý ‡ãîŠ› ËãØãËñâ •ããè¼ãñÞ¾ãã ºãì¡ãèâ ý ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ
‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ‚ããØãÀ¡ãèâ ý ªâÓ›ÈãâÞããèâ ½ããŒãËãèâ ýý16ýý Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ •ãñ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãñâ ‡ãŠãßñâ ý ØãÆããäÔãËãèâ Ëãñ‡ãŠãâÞããèâ
ÎãÀãèÀñâ ºãßñâ ý ¹ããäÀ •ããèÌããè¦Ìã ªñÖãèâÞããè ãäÔãÔããßñâ ý ‚ãÌãÎ¾ã ‡ãŠãèâ ÀããäŒãËãèâ ýý17ýý ¦ãõÔããè
ÎãÀãèÀã½ãã•ããèâ ÞããñŒã¡ãèâ (ÞããâØãËãè, „§ã½ã) ý ƒ¾ãñ „§ã½ããâØãñâ Öãñ¦ããèâ ¹ãìŠ¡ãèâ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ½ãÖã‡ãŠãßããäÞã¾ãããäÖ
¦ããñâ¡ãèâ ý ¹ããäÀ „ÀËãèâ ÎãñŒããèâ ýý18ýý ½ãØã ½Ö¥ãñ Öñâ ‡ãŠãƒÃ ý •ã¶½ãË¾ããâ ‚ãã¶ã ½ããñÖÀãäÞã ¶ããÖãèâ ý •ãØã
‚ãã¹ãõÔãñâãäÞã Ìãª¶ã¡ãñÖãèâ ý ÔãâÞãÀ¦ããÖñ ýý19ýý ¾ã¾ãã ‚ãã¹ãñâ‚ãã¹ã ‚ããÜããäÌã¾ãã ÔãðÓ›ãè ý ËãØããäË¾ãã
‚ããÖããä¦ã Ìãª¶ãããäÞã¾ãã Ìãã›ãèâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã Öã •ãñãä©ãâãäÞã¾ãã ¦ãñ©ã ãä½ãŸãè ý ªñ¦ãÔãñ „ØãËã (ãä¶ããäÀÞœ, „Øãã
ÀãÖî¶ã) ýý420ýý ºãÆ½Öããäª‡ãŠ Ôã½ãÔ¦ã ý „âÞãã ½ãìŒããâ½ãã•ããèâ £ããâÌã¦ã ý ¾ãñÀ Ôãã½ãã¶¾ã Öñ ¼ãÀ¦ã ý
†ñËãèÞã Ìãª¶ããèâ ýý21ýý ‚ãã¥ããè‡ãŠÖãè ¼ãî¦ã•ãã¦ã ý ¦ãñâ „¹ã•ãËñãäÞã Ÿã¾ããèâ ÜãããäÔã¦ã ý ¹ããäÀ ¾ãããäÞã¾ãã
½ãìŒãã ãä¶ã¼ãÆãâ¦ã ý ¶ã Ôãì›ñãäÞã ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ýý22ýý
¾ã©ãã ¶ãªãè¶ããâ ºãÖÌããñç½ºãìÌãñØãã: Ôã½ãìªÆ½ãñÌãããä¼ã½ãìŒãã ªÆÌããä¶¦ã ý ¦ã©ãã ¦ãÌãã½ããè ¶ãÀËãñ‡ãŠÌããèÀã
ãäÌãÎããä¶¦ã Ìã‡ã¨ãã¥¾ããä¼ããäÌã•ÌãËãä¶¦ã ýý28ýý
•ãõÔãñ ½ãÖã¶ãªãèÞãñ ÌããñÜã ý ÌããäÖËñ Ÿããä‡ãŠ¦ããè Ôã½ãìªÆãÞãñâ ‚ããâØã ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ããÜãÌãããäÞã‡ãŠ¡îãä¶ã •ãØã ý
¹ãÆÌãñÎã¦ã ½ãìŒããèâ ýý23ýý ‚ãã¾ãìÓ¾ã¹ãâ©ãñâ ¹ãÆããä¥ãØã¥ããè (¹ãÆããä¥ãÔã½ãìªã¾ããâ¶ããèâ) ý ‡ãŠÀãñãä¶ã ‚ãÖãñÀã¨ããâÞããè ½ããñÌã¥ããè
ý ÌãñØãñâ Ìã‡ã¨ãããä½ãß¥ããèâ ý Ôãããä£ã•ã¦ã ‚ããÖããä¦ã ýý24ýý
¾ã©ãã ¹ãÆªãè¹¦ãâ •ÌãË¶ãâ ¹ã¦ãÝáØãã ãäÌãÎããä¶¦ã ¶ããÎãã¾ã Ôã½ãð£ªÌãñØãã:ý ¦ã©ãõÌã ¶ããÎãã¾ã ãäÌãÎããä¶¦ã
Ëãñ‡ãŠãÔ¦ãÌãããä¹ã Ìã‡ã¨ãããä¥ã Ôã½ãð£ªÌãñØãã: ýý29ýý

•ãß¦ã¾ãã ãäØãÀãèÞ¾ãã ØãÌãŒãã (ªÀãèâ¦ã)- ý ½ãã•ããèâ Üãã¹ã¦ããè ¹ã¦ãâØãããäÞã¾ãã ¢ãã‡ãŠã ý ¦ãõÔãñâ Ôã½ãØãÆ Ëãñ‡ãŠ
ªñŒãã ý ƒ¾ãñ Ìãª¶ããèâ ¹ã¡¦ããè ýý25ýý ¹ããäÀ •ãñ¦ãìËñâ ¾ãñ©ã ¹ãÆÌãñÎãËñâ ý ¦ãñâ ¦ãã¦ããäË¾ãã ËãñÖñâ ¹ãã¥ããèãäÞã ¹ããâ
ãäØããäßËñâ ý ÌããäÖÌã›ãèâãäÖ ¹ãìãäÔãËñâ ý ¶ãã½ãÀî¹ã ¦ã¾ããâÞãñâ ýý26ýý
ËñãäËÖ¿ãÔãñ ØãÆÔã½ãã¶ã: Ôã½ã¶¦ããÊËãñ‡ãŠã¶ãá Ôã½ãØãÆã¶ãá Ìãª¶ãõ•ÌãÃËªáãä¼ã: ý ¦ãñ•ããñãä¼ãÀã¹ãî¾ãÃ •ãØã¦ãá
Ôã½ãØãÆâ ¼ããÔãÔ¦ãÌããñØãÆã: ¹ãÆ¦ã¹ãâãä¦ã ãäÌãÓ¥ããñ ýý30ýý
‚ãããä¥ã ¾ãñ¦ãìËãÖãè ‚ããÀãñØã¥ã ý ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ ¼ãì‡ãñŠ ¶ããÖãèâ „¥ãñ¹ã¥ã ý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ ªãè¹ã¶ã (¦ããèÌãÆ àãì£ãã) ‚ãÔãã£ããÀ¥ã
ý „ª¾ãËñâ ¾ã¾ãã ýý27ýý •ãõÔãã ÀãñãäØã¾ãã •ÌãÀãÖîãä¶ã „ãäŸËã ý ‡ãŠãâ ¼ã¥ãØãã ªì‡ãŠãßì ¹ããÖËã ý ¦ãõÔãã
ãä•ã¼ããâÞãã ËßËßã›ì ªñãäŒãËã ý ‚ããÌããßìÌãñâ Þãããä›¦ããâ ýý28ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ããÖãÀãÞãñ ¶ããâÌãñâ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý
¦ããñâ¡ã¹ããÔãîãä¶ã „ÀËñâãäÞã ¶ããÖãèâ ý ‡ãõŠÔããè Ôã½ãÔã½ããè¦ã (Þã½ãÞã½ããè¦ã) ¶ãÌããƒÃ ý ¼ãì‡ãñŠËñ¹ã¥ããÞããè ýý29ýý
‡ãŠã¾ã ÔããØãÀãÞãã Üããñâ›ì ¼ãÀãÌãã?ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¹ãÌãÃ¦ããÞãã ÜããâÔãì ‡ãŠÀãÌãã?ý ºãÆ½Ö‡ãŠ›ãÌããñ ÜããËãÌãã ý
‚ããÜãÌãããäÞã ªã¤ñýý430ýý ãäªÎãã ÔãØããäß¾ãããäÞã ãäØãßããäÌã¾ãã ý Þããâãäªãä¥ã¾ãã Þãã›îãä¶ã Ü¾ãããäÌã¾ãã ý
†ñÔãñâ Ìã¦ãÃ¦ã ‚ããÖñ ÔãããäÌã¾ãã ý ËãñËì¹¾ã ºãã ¦ãì¢ãñâ ýý31ýý •ãõÔãã ¼ããñØããèâ ‡ãŠã½ãì Ìãã¤ñ ý ‡ãŠãâ ƒâ£ã¶ãñâ
‚ããØããèãäÔã Öã‡ãŠã‡ãŠ Þã¤ñ ý ¦ãõÔããèâ Œãã¦ãŒãã¦ããâãäÞã ¦ããñâ¡ñâ ý ŒããŒããâ¦ãñâ ŸñËãèâ ýý32ýý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ †‡ãŠãäÞã
‡ãñŠÌã¤ñâ ¹ãÔãÀËñâ ý ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ã ãä•ãÌÖãØãÆãèâ ‚ããÖñ ›ñ‡ãŠËñâ ý •ãõÔãñâ ‡ãŠãâ ‡ãŠÌããèŸ (‡ãâŠÌãŸãèÞãñâ ¹ãŠß) Üãã¦ãËñâ ý
Ìã¡Ìãã¶ãßãèâ ýý33ýý †ñÔããèâ ‚ã¹ããÀñ Ìãª¶ãñâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¾ãñ¦ãìËãèâ ‡ãõâŠÞããèâ ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ãñâ ý ‡ãŠãâ ‚ããÖãÀì ¶ã
ãä½ãß¦ããâ ¾ãñ¥ãñâ ½ãã¶ãñâ ý Ìãã¤ãäÌãËã ÔãõâÜã ýý34ýý ‚ãØãã Öã Ëãñ‡ãìŠ ºãã¹ãì¡ã ý •ããÖËã Ìãª¶ã•Ìããßãâ
ÌãÀ¹ã¡ã (ÌãñÓ›Ëã ØãñËã) ý •ãõÔããèâ Ìã¥ãÌãñ¾ãããäÞã¾ãã Ìãñ¤ãâ ý Ôããâ¹ã¡¦ããè ½ãðØãñâ ýý35ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¦ãõÔãñâ ¾ãã
ãäÌãÎÌãã •ããÖãËñâ ý ªñÌã ¶ãÌÖñ Öñâ ‡ãŠ½ãÃ ‚ããËñâ ý ‡ãŠãâ •ãØã ÞãßÞãßãâ ¹ããâãäØãËñâ ý ‡ãŠãß•ããßñâ ýý36ýý
‚ãã¦ããâ ƒ¾ãñ ‚ãâØã¹ãÆ¼ãñãäÞã¾ãñ ÌããØãìÀñ ý ‡ãŠãñ¥ããè‡ãŠ¡îãä¶ã ãä¶ããäØã•ãõË (ºããÖñÀ ¹ã¡ÌãñË) ÞãÀãÞãÀñâ ý Öãèâ Ìã‡ã¨ãñâ
¶ããñÖñãä¦ã •ããñÖãÀñâ ý Ìããñ¡ÌãËãèâ •ãØãã ýý37ýý ‚ããØããè ‚ãã¹ãìËñãä¶ã ªãÖ‡ãŠ¹ã¥ãñâ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñãä¶ã ¹ããñãäß•ãñ ¦ãñ
¶ãñ¥ãñ ý ¹ãÀãè •ã¾ãã ËãØãñ ¦ã¾ãã ¹ãÆã¥ãñâ ý Ôãìãä›‡ãŠããäÞã ¶ããÖãèâ ýý38ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ½ãã¢ãñãä¶ã ãä¦ãŒã›¹ã¥ãñâ ý
‡ãõŠÔãñâ ãä¶ãÌã›ñ Öñâ ÎãÔ¨ã ‡ãŠããä¾ã •ãã¥ãñ ý ‡ãŠãâ ‚ãã¹ãìãäË¾ãã ½ããÀã ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ý ãäÌãÓã •ãõÔãñâ ýý39ýý ¦ãõÔããè ¦ãì•ã
‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ‚ãã¹ãìãäË¾ãã „ØãÆ¹ã¥ããÞããè ÔãñãäÞã ¶ããÖãèâ ý ¹ãÀãè †ñËãè‡ãŠãä¡Ëñ ½ãìŒããèâ ŒããƒÃ (¹ãñ›ËñËã Œãâª‡ãŠ, ÞãÀ) ý
Öãñ ÔãÀËãè •ãØããÞããè ýý440ýý ‚ãØãã ‚ãã¦½ãã ¦ãâî †‡ãìŠ ý Ôã‡ãŠß ãäÌãÎÌãÌ¾ãã¹ã‡ãìŠ ý ¦ãÀãè ‡ãŠã ‚ãã½Öãâ
‚ãâ¦ã‡ãìŠ ý ¦ãõÔãã Ìããñ¡ÌãËãÔããè? (¹ãÆÌãð§ã ¢ããËãÔã) ýý41ýý ¦ãÀãè ãä½ã¾ããâ Ôããâãä¡Ëãè •ããèãäÌã¦ÌããÞããè Þãã¡ ý
‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãìÌããâÖãè ¶ã £ãÀãÌããè ¼ããè¡ ý ½ã¶ããèâ ‚ããÖñ ¦ãñâ „Üã¡ ý ºããñË ¹ããâ ÔãìŒãñâ ýý42ýý ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè Ìãã¤ãäÌãÔããè
¾ãã „ØãÆÀî¹ãã ý ‚ããâØããèâÞãñâ ¼ãØãÌãâ¦ã¹ã¥ã ‚ããŸÌããèâ ºãã¹ãã ý ¶ããÖãèâ ¦ãÀãè ‡ãðŠ¹ãã ý ½ã•ã¹ãìÀ¦ããè ¹ããÖãè ýý43ýý
‚ããŒ¾ãããäÖ ½ãñ ‡ãŠãñ ¼ãÌãã¶ãìØãÆÀî¹ããñ ¶ã½ããñçÔ¦ãì ¦ãñ ªñÌãÌãÀ ¹ãÆÔããèª ý ãäÌã—ãã¦ãìãä½ãÞœããä½ã ¼ãÌã¶¦ã½ããª¿ãâ
¶ã ãäÖ ¹ãÆ•ãã¶ãããä½ã ¦ãÌã ¹ãÆÌãðãä§ã½ãá ýý31ýý

¦ãÀãè †‡ãŠ Ìãñß ÌãñªÌãñª¿ãã ý •ããè ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ãõ‡ãŠ ‚ããª¿ãã ý ãäÌã¶ãÌã¥ããè ãäÌãÎÌãÌãâª¿ãã ý ‚ããƒ‡ãñâŠ ½ãã¢ããè
ýý44ýý †ñÔãñâ ºããñËãñãä¶ã ÌããèÀñâ ý ÞãÀ¥ã ¶ã½ãÔ‡ãŠããäÀËñâ ãäÎãÀñâ ý ½ãØã ½Ö¥ãñ ¦ãÀãè ÔãÌãñÃÎÌãÀñâ ý
‚ãÌã£ãããäÀ•ããñ ýý45ýý ãä½ã¾ããâ Öãñ‚ããÌã¾ãã Ôã½ãã£ãã¶ã ý •ããè ¹ãìÔãËñâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã£¾ãã¶ã ý ‚ãããä¥ã †‡ãñâŠãäÞã
‡ãŠãßñâ ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ã ý ãäØããäß¦ãìãäÞã „ãäŸËããäÔã ýý46ýý ¦ãÀãè ¦ãâî ‡ãŠãñ¥ã ‡ãŠãâ ¾ãñ¦ãìËãèâ ý ƒ¾ãñâ ¼¾ããÔãìÀñâ
(¼ã¾ãâ‡ãŠÀ) ½ãìŒãñâ ‡ãŠãâ ½ãñßãäÌãËãèâ ý ‚ãÌããäÜã¾ãããäÞã ‡ãŠÀãèâ ¹ããäÀãä•ãËãèâ ý ÎãÔ¨ãñâ ‡ãŠãâÖ¿ãã ýý47ýý •ããè
•ãâÌã ¦ãâÌã ÀãØããè›¹ã¥ãñâ ý Ìãã¤ãñãä¶ã ØãØã¶ãã ‚ãããä¥ã¦ããñãäÔã „¥ãñâ ý ‡ãŠãâ ¡ãñßñ ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã ãä¼ãâØãìßÌãã¥ãñ
(¼ã¾ãâ‡ãŠÀ, ËãË) ý ¼ãñ¡ÔããÌããè¦ã ‚ããÖãÔããè ýý48ýý †©ã ‡ãðŠ¦ããâ¦ãñâÔããè ªñÌãã ý ‡ãŠãÔã¾ãã ãä‡ãŠ•ã¦ãÔãñ ÖñÌãã
(½ã¦ÔãÀ, Ô¹ã£ããÃ) ý Öã ‚ãã¹ãìËã ¦ãìÌããâ ÔããâØããÌãã ý ‚ããä¼ã¹ãÆã¾ã ½ã•ã ýý49ýý ¾ãã ºããñËã ½Ö¥ãñ ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãì ý ½ããè
‡ãŠãñ¥ã Öñâ ‚ããÖãÔããè ¹ãìÔã¦ãì ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠããä¾ãÔã¾ããËãØããèâ ‚ãÔãñ Ìãã¤¦ãì ý „ØãÆ¦ãñÔããè ýý450ýý
Ñããè¼ãØãÌãã¶ãìÌããÞã:
‡ãŠãËãñçãäÔ½ã Ëãñ‡ãŠàã¾ã‡ãðŠ¦ãá ¹ãÆÌãð£ªãñ Ëãñ‡ãŠã¶ãá Ôã½ããÖ¦ãìÃãä½ãÖ ¹ãÆÌãð§ã: ý ¨ãÉ¦ãñçãä¹ã ¦Ìããâ ¶ã
¼ããäÌãÓ¾ããä¶¦ã ÔãÌãñÃ ¾ãñçÌããäÔ©ã¦ãã: ¹ãÆ¦¾ã¶ããè‡ãñŠÓãì ¾ããñ£ãã: ýý32ýý
¦ããäÀ ½ããè ‡ãŠãßì Øãã Öñâ ¹ãìŠ¡ñâ (ŒãÀñâ) ý Ëãñ‡ãŠ ÔãâÖãÀãÌã¾ããËãØããèâ Ìãã¤ñâ ý ÔãõâÜã ¹ãÔããäÀËãèâ ‚ããÖã¦ããèâ ¦ããñâ¡ñâ
ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ØãÆãÔããè¶ã Öñâ ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ýý51ýý †©ã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã ½Ö¥ãñ ‡ãŠ›‡ãŠ›ã ý „ºããäØãËãñâ ½ãããäØãÊ¾ãã Ôãâ‡ãŠ›ã ý
½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ããßãäÌãËã ¦ãâÌã ÌããñŒã›ã ý „ÌããƒËã Öã ýý52ýý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã ‡ãŠãäŸ¥ã ºããñËñâ ‚ããÔã¦ãì›ãè ý
‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã ÖãñƒÃË ãäÖâ¹ãì›ãè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ÔãÌãñâãäÞã ½Ö¥ãñ ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý ¹ããäÀ ‚ãã¶ã †‡ãŠ ‚ãÔãñ ýý53ýý ¦ããäÀ
‚ãã¦ããâãäÞã¾ãñ ÔãâÖãÀÌããÖÀñ (ÔãâÖãÀÀî¹ããè Ôãâ‡ãŠ›ãâ¦ãî¶ã) ý ¦ãì½Öãè ¹ããâ¡Ìã ‚ãÔãã ºãããäÖÀñ ý ¦ãñ©ã •ãã¦ã•ãã¦ããâ
£ã¶ãì£ãÃÀñâ ý ÔããâÌããäÀËñ ¹ãÆã¥ã ýý54ýý Öãñ¦ããâ ½ãÀ¥ã½ãÖã½ããÀãèâ ØãñËã ý ¦ããñ ½ããØãì¦ãã ÔããÌã£ãì •ããÖËã ý
½ãØã ËãØãËã ºããñËã ãäÞã§ã ªñ…â ýý55ýý †ñÔãñâ ½Öãä¥ã•ã¦ã ‚ããÖñ ªñÌãñâ ý ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãã ¦ãì½Öãè ½ãã¢ãñâ Öñ
•ãã¥ããÌãñâ ý ¾ãñÀ •ãã¥ã ½ããè ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý ÔãÀËãñâ ØãÆãÔãâî ýý56ýý Ìã•ãÆã¶ãßãèâ (¹ãÆË¾ããØ¶ããèâ¦ã) ¹ãÆÞãâ¡ãèâ ý •ãõÔããè
Üãã¹ãñ Ëãñãä¥ã¾ããÞããè „â¡ãè ý ¦ãõÔãñâ •ãØã Öñâ ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ¦ããñâ¡ãèâ ý ¦ãìÌããâ ªñãäŒãËñâ •ãñâ ýý57ýý ¦ãÀãè
¦ã¾ãã½ãã¢ããÀãèâ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ¼ãÀâÌãÔãñãä¶ã „¥ãñâ ¶ããÖãèâ ý ƒ¾ãñâ Ìãã¾ããâãäÞã Ôãõ¶¾ãñâ ¹ããÖãèâ ý ºãÀÌã¦ã ‚ããÖã¦ããè
ýý58ýý †ñÎãã Þã¦ãìÀâØãããäÞã¾ãã Ôãâ¹ãªã ý ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ã ½ãÖã‡ãŠãßñâÔããèâ Ô¹ã£ããÃ ý Ìããâãä›ÌãñãäÞã¾ãã ½ãªã ý
ÌãßÜãËñ (ÌãÎã ¢ããËñâ, Ìãñ£ãËñ) •ãñ ýý59ýý Öñ •ãñ ãä½ãßãñãä¶ã¾ããâ ½ãñßñ ý ‡ãìâŠ©ã¦ããè ÌããèÀÌãð§ããèÞãñãä¶ã ºãßñâ ý
•ã½ããÌãÀãè •ãØãªßñâ ý ÌããŒãããä¥ã•ã¦ãã¦ããè ýý460ýý ½Ö¥ã¦ããè ÔãðÓ›ãèÌãÀãè ÔãðÓ›ãè ‡ãŠÀâî ý ‚ãã¥ã ÌããÖîãä¶ã
½ãð¦¾ãî¦ãñâ ½ããÀâî ý ‚ãããä¥ã •ãØããÞãã ¼ãÀâî ý Üããñâ›ì ¾ã¾ãã ýý61ýý ¹ãð©Ìããè ÔãØãßãèãäÞã ãäØãßâî ý ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎã
ÌããäÀÞ¾ããÌãÀãè •ããßâî ý ‡ãŠãâ ºãã¥ãÌãÀãè ãäŒãßâî ý ÌããÀ¾ãã¦ãñâ ýý62ýý ºããñË Öãä¦ã¾ãñÀãÖîãä¶ã ãä¦ãŒã› ý
ãäªÔã¦ããè ‚ããäØ¶ã¹ããäÀÔã ªãÔã› ý ½ããÀ‡ãŠ¹ã¥ãñâ ‡ãŠãß‡ãîŠ› ý ½ãÖìÀ ½Ö¥ã¦ã ýý63ýý ¦ãÀãè Öñ
Øãâ£ãÌãÃ¶ãØãÀãèâÞãñ „½ããßñ („Ôãßãè, „ªá¼ãÌã) ý •ãã¥ã ¹ããñ‡ãŠßãèÞãñ ¹ãñâ¡Ìãßñâ ý ‚ãØãã ãäÞã¨ããèÌã ¹ãŠßñâ ý ÌããèÀ Öñ

ªñŒãñâ ýý64ýý Öãâ Øãã ½ãðØã•ãßãÞãã ¹ãîÀ ‚ããËã ý ªß ¶ãÌÖñ ‡ãŠã¹ã¡ãÞãã Ôãã¹ã ‡ãñŠËã ý ƒ¾ãã
ÎãâðØããÀîãä¶ã¾ããâ ŒããËã ý ½ããâãä¡ãäË¾ãã ¹ãõâ ýý65ýý
¦ãÔ½ãã¦Ìã½ãìãä§ãÓŸ ¾ãÎããñ Ë¼ãÔÌã ãä•ã¦Ìãã Îã¨ãî¶ãá ¼ãìÝáàÌã Àã•¾ãâ Ôã½ãð£ª½ãá ý ½ã¾ãõÌãñ¦ãñ ãä¶ãÖ¦ãã:
¹ãîÌãÃ½ãñÌã ãä¶ããä½ã§ã½ãã¨ãâ ¼ãÌã ÔãÌ¾ãÔãããäÞã¶ãá ýý33ýý
¾ãñÀ ÞãñÓ›ãäÌã¦ãñ •ãñâ ºãß ý ¦ãñâ ½ããØããâãäÞã ãä½ã¾ããâ ØãÆããäÔãËñâ Ôã‡ãŠß ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ‡ãŠãñÊÖããäÀÞãñ (‡ãŠãñÊÖã›¿ãÞ¾ãã
ÜãÀÞãñ) Ìãñ¦ããß ý ¦ãõÔãñ ãä¶ã•ããèÃÌã Öñ ‚ããÖã¦ããè ýý66ýý ÖãËãäÌã¦ããè ªãñÀãè ¦ãì›Ëãè ý ¦ãÀãè ãä¦ã¾ãñâ
ŒããâºããÌãÀãèË ºããÖìËãèâ ý ¼ãË¦ãñ¥ãñâ Ëãñãä›Ëãèâ ý „Ë©ããñãä¶ã ¹ã¡¦ããè ýý67ýý ¦ãõÔãã Ôãõ¶¾ããÞãã ¾ã¾ãã ºãØãã
ý ½ããñ¡¦ããâ Ìãñßî ¶ã ËØãñË ¹ãõâ Øãã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã „Ÿãèâ „Ÿãèâ ÌãñØãã ý ÎããÖã¥ãã ÖãñƒÃâ ýý68ýý ¦ãìÌããâ
ØããñØãÆÖ¥ããÞãñãä¶ã ‚ãÌãÔãÀñâ ý Üãã¦ãËñâ ½ããñÖ¶ããÔ¨ã †‡ãŠÔãÀñâ ý ½ãØã ãäÌãÀã›ãÞãñãä¶ã ½ãÖã¼ãñ¡ñâ (‚ããä¦ããä¼ã¦ãÅ¾ãã)
„§ãÀñâ ý ‚ããÔã¡îãä¶ã ¶ããØããäÌãËñâ ýý69ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ Öñâ ¦¾ããÖîãä¶ã ãä¶ã¹ã›ãÀñâ •ãÖãËñâ ý ãä¶ãÌã›ãèâ ‚ãããä¾ã¦ãñâ À¥ã
¹ããä¡Ëñâ ý ÜãñƒÃâ ¾ãÎã ãäÀ¹ãì ãä•ãâãä¦ãËñ ý †‡ãŠËñãä¶ã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãñâ ýý470ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠãñÀ¡ñâ ¾ãÎããäÞã ¶ããñÖñ ý
Ôã½ãØãÆ Àã•¾ãÖãè ‚ããËñ ‚ããÖñ ý ¦ãâî ãä¶ããä½ã§ã½ãã¨ããäÞã Öãñ¾ãñ ý ÔãÌ¾ãÔããÞããè ýý71ýý
ªÆãñ¥ãâ Þã ¼ããèÓ½ãâ Þã •ã¾ãªÆ©ãâ Þã ‡ãŠ¥âãÃ ¦ã©ãã¶¾ãã¶ããä¹ã ¾ããñ£ãÌããèÀã¶ãá ý ½ã¾ãã Ö¦ããâÔ¦Ìãâ •ããäÖ ½ãã
Ì¾ããä©ãÓŸã ¾ãì£ª¿ãÔÌã •ãñ¦ãããäÔã À¥ãñ Ôã¹ã¦¶ãã¶ãá ýý34ýý
ªÆãñ¥ããÞãã ¹ãã¡ì ¶ã ‡ãŠÀãèâ ý ¼ããèÓ½ããÞãñâ ¼ã¾ã ¶ã £ãÀãèâ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñãä¶ã ‡ãŠ¥ããÃÌãÀãè ý ¹ãÀ•ãâî Öñâ ¶ã ½Ö¥ã ýý72ýý
‡ãŠãñ¥ã „¹ãã¾ããñ •ã¾ãªÆ©ãã ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ý Öñâ ¶ã ãäÞãâ¦ãâî ãäÞã§ã ¦ãì¢ãñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã‡ãŠÖãèâ ‚ãããä©ã •ãñ •ãñ ý ¶ããÌãããä¥ãØãñ
ÌããèÀ ýý73ýý ¦ãñÖãè †‡ãŠ †‡ãŠ ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý ãäÞã¨ããèâÞãñ ãäÔãâÖã¡ñ ½ãã¶ããÌãñ ý •ãõÔãñ ÌããñËñãä¶ã Öã¦ãñâ Ü¾ããÌãñ ý
¹ãìÔããñãä¶ã¾ããâ ýý74ýý ¾ããÌãÀãè ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý ‡ãŠãƒÔãã ¾ãì£ªãÞãã ½ãñßãÌãã?ý Öã ‚ãã¼ããÔãì Øãã ‚ããÜãÌãã ý ¾ãñÀ
ØãÆããäÔãËñâ ãä½ã¾ããâ ýý75ýý •ãñÌÖãâ ¦ãìÌããâ ªñãäŒãËñâ ý Öñ ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã Ìãª¶ããèâ ¹ããä¡Ëñ ý ¦ãñÌÖãâãäÞã ¾ããâÞãñâ
‚ãã¾ãìÓ¾ã ÔãÀËñâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ãäÀ¦ããèâ Ôããñ¹ãñâ ýý76ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ÌããäÖËã „Ÿãèâ ý ãä½ã¾ããâ ½ãããäÀËñ ¦ãâî ãä¶ãÌã›ãèâ ý
¶ã ãäÀØãñ Îããñ‡ãŠÔãâ‡ãŠ›ãèâ ý ¶ãããä©ããäË¾ãã ýý77ýý ‚ãã¹ã¥ããäÞã ‚ãã¡ãäŒãËã (ËØããñÀãè, ãä¶ãÎãã¥ã) ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ý ¦ããñ
‡ãŠãõ¦ãì‡ãñâŠ •ãõÔãã ãäÌãâ£ããñãä¶ã ¹ãããä¡•ãñ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ªñŒãñâ Øãã ¦ãì¢ãñâ ý ãä¶ããä½ã§ã ‚ããÖñ ýý78ýý ºãã¹ãã ãäÌãÀì£ª •ãñâ
•ããÖËñâ ý ¦ãñâ „¹ã•ã¦ããâãäÞã ÌããÜãñâ ¶ãñËñâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ Àã•¾ãñâÎããèâ ÔãâÞãËñâ ý ¾ãÎã ¦ãâî ¼ããñØããè ýý79ýý
ÔãããäÌã¾ãããäÞã „¦ã¦ã (½ãã•ãËñ Öãñ¦ãñ) Öãñ¦ãñ ªã¾ããª ý ‚ãããä¥ã ºããäß¾ãñ •ãØããèâ ªì½ãÃª ý ¦ãñ Ìããä£ãËñ ãäÌãÎãª .
Ôãã¾ããÔãì ¶ã ËãØã¦ããâ ýý480ýý †ñãäÔã¾ãã ƒ¾ãã ØããñÓ›ãè ý ãäÌãÎÌããÞ¾ãã Ìãã‡ãáŠ¹ãì›ãèâ (Ìãã¥ããèÀî¹ããè
ÌãÔ¨ããÌãÀ) ý ãäËÖîãä¶ã ÜããËãèâ ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý •ãØãã½ãã•ããèâ ýý81ýý
Ôãâ•ã¾ã „ÌããÞã : †¦ã¦ãá Ñãì¦Ìãã ÌãÞã¶ãâ ‡ãñŠÎãÌãÔ¾ã ‡ãðŠ¦ããš•ããäËÌãñÃ¹ã½ãã¶ã: ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý ¶ã½ãÔ‡ãðŠ¦Ìãã ¼ãî¾ã
†ÌããÖ ‡ãðŠÓ¥ãâ ÔãØãªáØãªâ ¼ããè¦ã¼ããè¦ã: ¹ãÆ¥ã½¾ã ýý35ýý

†ñÔããè ‚ããÜãÌããèãäÞã Öñ ‡ãŠ©ãã ý ¦ã¾ãã ‚ã¹ãî¥ããÃ ½ã¶ããñÀ©ãã ý Ôãâ•ã¾ããñ ÔããâØãñ ‡ãìŠÀì¶ãã©ãã ý —ãã¶ãªñÌããñ ½Ö¥ãñ
ýý82ýý ½ãØã Ôã¦¾ãËãñ‡ãŠãõãä¶ã ØãâØãã•ãß ý Ôãì›ãäË¾ãã Ìãã•ã¦ã Œãßãß (ŒãßŒãß) ý ¦ãõÎããè ÌããÞãã
ãäÌãÎããß ý ºããñË¦ããâ ¦ã¾ãã ýý83ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ½ãÖã½ãñÜããâÞãñ „½ããßñ ý Üã¡Üã¡ãè¦ã †‡ãñŠ Ìãñßñ ý ‡ãŠãâ
Üãì½ãÜãìãä½ãËã ½ãâªÀãÞãßñâ ý àããèÀãº£ããè •ãõÔãã ýý84ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ Øãâ¼ããèÀñâ ½ãÖã¶ããªñâ ý Öñâ Ìãã‡ã¾ã ãäÌãÎÌã‡ãâŠªñâ
ý ºããñãäËËñâ ‚ãØãã£ãñâ ý ‚ã¶ãâ¦ã Àî¹ãñâ ýý85ýý ¦ãñâ ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãñâ ½ããñ›‡ãñâŠ †ñãä‡ãŠËñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ÔãìŒã ‡ãŠãèâ ¼ã¾ã
ªì¥ããÌãËñâ ý Öñâ ¶ãñ¥ããñâ ¹ããäÀ ‡ãŠãâãä¹ã¶¶ãËñâ ý ÔãÌãâãÃØã ¦ã¾ããÞãñâ ýý86ýý ÔãŒããñË¹ã¥ãñâ ÌãßËãè ½ããñ› ý
‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãõÔãñãäÞã •ããñ¡Ëñ ‡ãŠÀÔãâ¹ãì› ý ‚ãããä¥ã ÌãñßãñÌãñßãâ ËËã› ý ÞãÀ¥ããèâ ŸñÌããè ýý87ýý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã
‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ºããñËãñâ •ãã¾ãñ ý ¦ãâÌã Øãßã ºãì•ããËããäÞã (¼ãÀî¶ã ‚ããËã) Ÿã¾ãñ ý Öñâ ÔãìŒã ‡ãŠãèâ ¼ã¾ã Öãñ¾ãñ ý Öñâ
ãäÌãÞããÀã ¦ãì½Öãèâ ýý88ýý ¹ããäÀ ¦ãñÌÖãâ ªñÌããÞãñãä¶ã ºããñËñâ ý ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãã Öñâ †ñÔãñâ •ããÖãËñâ ý ãä½ã¾ããâ ¹ãªãâÌãÀîãä¶ã
ªñãäŒãËñâ ý ÎËãñ‡ãŠããäÞã¾ãã ýý89ýý ½ãØã ¦ãõÔãããäÞã ¼ãñ¥ã¼ãñ¥ã ý ¹ãì¤¦ããè •ããñÖãÀîãä¶ã (¶ã½ãÔ‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãŠÀî¶ã)
ÞãÀ¥ã ý ½ãØã ½Ö¥ãñ •ããè ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ý †ñÔãñâ ºããñãäËËñ¦ããè ýý490ýý
‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã „ÌããÞã : Ô©ãã¶ãñ ×Óããè‡ãñŠÎã ¦ãÌã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãè¦¾ããÃ •ãØã¦ãá ¹ãÆ×Ó¾ã¦¾ã¶ãìÀ•¾ã¦ãñ Þã ý ÀàããâãäÔã ¼ããè¦ãããä¶ã
ãäªÎããñ ªÆÌããä¶¦ã ÔãÌãñÃ ¶ã½ãÔ¾ããä¶¦ã Þã ãäÔã£ªÔãâÜãã: ýý36ýý
¶ãã ¦ãÀãè ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãã ½ããè ‡ãŠãßì ý ‚ãããä¥ã ØãÆããäÔã•ãñ ¦ããñ ½ãã¢ãã Œãñßì ý Öã ºããñËì ¦ãì¢ãã ‡ãŠãèÀ ‚ã¤ßì ý
½ãã¶ãâî ‚ãã½Öãè ýý91ýý ¹ããäÀ ¦ãìÌããâ •ããè ‡ãŠãßñâ ý ‚ãããä•ã ãäÔ©ã¦ããèãäÞã¾ãñ (¹ããË¶ããÞãñ, ÔÌããÔ©¾ããÞãñâ) Ìãñßñ ý
ØãÆããäÔã•ãñ Öñâ ¶ã ãä½ãßñ ý ãäÌãÞããÀãÔããè ýý92ýý ‡ãõŠÔãñãä¶ã ‚ããâØããèâÞãñâ ¦ããÀì¥¾ã ‡ãŠã¤ãÌãñâ?ý ‡ãõŠÞãñâ ¶ãÌÖñ ¦ãñâ
Ìãã£ãÃ‡ã¾ã ‚ãã¥ããÌãñâ?ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‡ãŠÀâî ½Ö¥ãÔããè ¦ãñâ ¶ãÌÖñ ý ºãÖì¦ã‡ãŠÀì¶ããè ýý93ýý Öãâ •ããè Þããõ¹ããÖãÀãè
(ãäªÌãÔããÞãñ ÞããÀ ¹ãÆÖÀ) ¶ã ¼ãÀ¦ããâ ý ‡ãŠãñ¥ãñÖãè Ìãñßñ Ñããè‚ã¶ãâ¦ãã ý ‡ãŠã¾ã ½ãã£¾ãã¶Öãèâ ÔããäÌã¦ãã ý ½ããÌãß¦ãì
‚ããÖñ?ýý94ýý ¹ãõâ ¦ãì•ã ‚ãŒãâãä¡¦ãã ‡ãŠãßã ý ãä¦ã¶Öãè ‚ããÖã¦ããè •ããè Ìãñßã ý ¦¾ãã ãä¦ã¶Öãè ¹ãÀãè Ôãºãßã ý
‚ãã¹ãìËããäË¾ãã Ôã½ã¾ããèâ ýý95ýý •ãñ Ìãñßãèâ Öãñâ ËãØãñ „¦¹ã§ããè ý ¦ãñ Ìãñßãèâ ãäÔ©ããä¦ã ¹ãÆß¾ããñ ÖãÀ¹ã¦ããè ý
‚ãããä¥ã ãäÔ©ããä¦ã‡ãŠãßãèâ ¶ã ãä½ãÀãäÌã¦ããè ý „¦¹ããä§ã ¹ãÆß¾ããñ ý96ýý ¹ããŸãèâ ¹ãÆß¾ãããäÞã¾ãñ Ìãñßñ ý „¦¹ããä§ã
ãäÔ©ããä¦ã ½ããÌãßñ ý Öñâ ‡ãŠã¾ãÔãñ¶ãÖãè (‡ãŠÎãã¶ãñâãäÖ) ¶ã ¤ßñ ý ‚ã¶ãããäª †ñÔãñâ ýý97ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ãããä•ã ¦ãâÌã
¼ãÀñâ ¼ããñØãñâ ý ãäÔ©ããä¦ã Ìããä¦ãÃ•ã¦ã ‚ããÖñ •ãØãñâ ý †©ã ØãÆããäÔãÔããè ¦ãâî Öñâ ¶ã ËØãñ ý ½ãã¢¾ãã •ããèÌããèâ ýý98ýý
¦ãâÌã Ôãâ‡ãñŠ¦ãñ ªñÌã ºããñËñ ý ‚ãØãã ¾ãã ªãñ¶Öãè Ôãõ¶¾ããâÔããèãäÞã ¼ãÀ¥ã (¹ããñÓã¥ã,ÎãñÀ) ¹ãìÀËñâ ý ¦ãñâ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàããäÞã
¦ãì•ã ªããäÌãËñâ ý ¾ãñÀ ¾ã©ãã‡ãŠãßñâ •ãã¥ã ýý99ýý Öã Ôãâ‡ãñŠ¦ãì •ãâÌã ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãã ý Ìãñßì ËãØãËã ºããñË¦ããâ ý
¦ãâÌã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãñâ Ëãñ‡ãìŠ ½ããØãì¦ãã ý ªñãäŒãËã ¾ã©ãããäÔ©ã¦ããè ýý500ýý ½ãØã ½Ö¥ã¦ãÔãñ ªñÌãã ý ¦ãâî Ôãî¨ããè
ãäÌãÎÌãËãÜãÌãã (ãäÌãÎÌããÞãñ ÖãËÞããËãèÔã) ý •ãØã ‚ããËã ½ãã ‚ããÜãÌãã ý ¹ãîÌãÃãäÔ©ããä¦ã ¹ãì¤¦ããè ýý1ýý ¹ããäÀ
¹ããä¡ãäË¾ãã ªì:ŒãÔããØãÀãèâ ý ¦ãâî ‡ãŠããä¤Ôããè ‡ãŠãâ •ã¾ãã¹ãÀãè ý ¦ãñ ‡ãŠãèãä¦ãÃ ¦ãì¢ããè ÑããèÖÀãè ý ‚ããŸÌããè¦ã ‚ãÔãñ
ýý2ýý ‡ãŠãèãä¦ãÃ ‚ããŸãäÌã¦ããâ ÌãñßãñÌãñßãâ ý ¼ããñØããè¦ãÔãñâ ½ãÖãÔãìŒããÞãã ÔããñÖßã ý ¦ãñ©ã ÖÓããÃ½ãð¦ã‡ãŠÊËãñßã
- ý ÌãÀãè Ëãñß¦ã ‚ããÖñâ ýý3ýý ªñÌãã ãä•ã¾ããËñ¹ã¥ãñâ (ãä•ãÌãâ¦ã¹ã¥ãñâ) •ãØã ý £ãÀãè ¦ãì¢¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ ‚ã¶ãìÀãØã ý
‚ãããä¥ã ªìÓ›ãâ ¦ã¾ããâ ¼ãâØã ý ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠããä£ã‡ãŠ ýý4ýý ¹ãõâ ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ããèâãäÞã¾ãã ÀãàãÔããâ ý ½ãÖã¼ã¾ã ¦ãâî
×Óããè‡ãñŠÎãã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¹ãß¦ãã¦ããè ªãÖãè ãäªÎããâ ý ¹ãõËãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ýý5ýý †©ã ÔãìÀ ¶ãÀ ãäÔã£ª ãä‡ãŠ¶¶ãÀ ý
ãä‡ãŠâºãÖì¶ãã ÞãÀãÞãÀ ý ¦ãñ ¦ãì•ã ªñŒããñãä¶ã ÖÓãÃãä¶ã¼ãÃÀ ý ¶ã½ãÔ‡ãŠããäÀ¦ã ‚ãÔã¦ããè ýý6ýý
‡ãŠÔ½ããÞÞã ¦ãñ ¶ã ¶ã½ãñÀ¶ãá ½ãÖã¦½ã¶ãá ØãÀãè¾ãÔãñ ºãÆ½Ö¥ããñç¹¾ãããäª‡ãŠ¨ãñÃ ý ‚ã¶ã¶¦ã ªñÌãñÎã
•ãØããä¶¶ãÌããÔã ¦Ìã½ãàãÀâ ÔãªÔã§ã¦¹ãÀâ ¾ã¦ãá ýý37ýý
†©ã Øãã ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ãã ý ÀãàãÔã Öñ ¶ããÀã¾ã¥ãã ý ¶ã ËØã¦ããèãäÞã ÞãÀ¥ãã ý ¹ãß¦ãñ •ããÖËñ ýý7ýý
‚ãããä¥ã Öñâ ‡ãŠã¾ã ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ¹ãìÔããÌãñâ ý ¾ãñ¦ãìËñâ ‚ãã½ÖãâãäÔãÖãè •ãã¥ãÌãñ ý ¦ãÀãè Ôãî¾ããñÃª¾ããèâ ÀãÖãÌãñâ ý ‡ãõŠÔãñãä¶ã
¦ã½ãñâ?ýý8ýý •ããè ¦ãâî ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÎããÞãã ‚ããØãÀî (½ãìŒ¾ã ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ã) ý ‚ãããä¥ã •ããÖËã ‚ãã½ÖãâãäÔã ØããñÞãÀî ý
½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã¾ãã ãä¶ãÎããÞãÀãâ ‡ãñŠÀì ý ãä¹ãŠ›Ëã ÔãÖ•ãñâ ýý9ýý Öñâ ¾ãñ¦ãìËñ ãäªÌãÔã ‚ãã½Öãâ ý ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ¶ãñ¥ãÌãñãäÞã
ÑããèÀã½ãã ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ªñŒã¦ãÔãñ ½ããäÖ½ãã ý Øãâ¼ããèÀ ¦ãì¢ãã ýý510ýý •ãñ©ãîãä¶ã ¶ãã¶ãã ÔãðÓ›ãèâãäÞã¾ãã Ìããñßãè ý
¹ãÔãÀ¦ããè ¼ãî¦ãØãÆã½ãããäÞã¾ãã ÌãñËãè ý ¦ã¾ãã ½ãÖªáºãÆ½Öã¦ãñâ Ì¾ããËãè ý ªõãäÌã‡ãŠãè ƒÞœã ýý11ýý ªñÌããñ
ãä¶ã:Ôããè½ã ¦ã§Ìã Ôãªãñãäª¦ãì ý ªñÌããñ ãä¶ã:Ôããè½ã Øãì¥ã ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãì ý ªñÌããñ ãä¶ã:Ôããè½ã Ôãã½¾ã Ôã¦ã¦ãì ý ¶ãÀñâªÆ
ªñÌããâÞãã ýý12ýý •ããè ¦ãâî ãä¨ã•ãØããä¦ã¾ãñ ÌããñËãÌãã ý ‚ãàãÀ ¦ãâî ÔãªããäÎãÌãã ý ¦ãâîãäÞã ÔãªÔã¦ãá ªñÌãã ý
¦ã¾ããÖãè ‚ã¦ããè¦ã ¦ãñâ ¦ãâî ýý13ýý
¦Ìã½ãããäªªñÌã: ¹ãìÀìÓã: ¹ãìÀã¥ãÔ¦Ìã½ã¶¾ã ãäÌãÎÌãÔ¾ã ¹ãÀâ ãä¶ã£ãã¶ã½ãá ý Ìãñ§ããçãäÔã Ìãñª¿ãâ Þã ¹ãÀâ Þã £ãã½ã
¦Ìã¾ãã ¦ã¦ãâ ãäÌãÎÌã½ã¶ã¶¦ãÀì¹ã ýý38ýý
¦ãâî ¹ãÆ‡ãðŠãä¦ã¹ãìÀìÓããâãäÞã¾ãã ‚ããªãè ý •ããè ½ãÖ§ã§Ìãã (Øãì¥ãÔãã½¾ã ½ãã¾ãñËã) ¦ãâîãäÞã ‚ãÌã£ããè ý ÔÌã¾ãñâ ¦ãâî ‚ã¶ããªãè ý
¹ãìÀã¦ã¶ãì ýý14ýý ¦ãâî Ôã‡ãŠß ãäÌãÎÌã•ããèÌã¶ã ý •ããèÌããâãäÔã ¦ãâîãäÞã ãä¶ã£ãã¶ã ý ¼ãî¦ã¼ããäÌãÓ¾ããÞãñâ —ãã¶ã ý
¦ãì¢¾ãããäÞã Öã¦ããèâ ýý15ýý •ããè Ñãì¦ããèãäÞã¾ããâ ËãñÞã¶ãã ý ÔÌãÀî¹ãÔãìŒã ¦ãâîãäÞã ‚ããä¼ã¶¶ãã ý
ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ãããäÞã¾ãã (ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ããÔã ãä•ãÞãã ‚ããÑã¾ã ‚ããÖñ ¦¾ãã ½ãã¾ãñÔã) ‚ãã¾ã¦ã¶ãã ý ‚ãã¾ã¦ã¶ã ¦ãâî ýý16ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
•ããè ¹ãÀ½ã ý ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ½Öãä¥ã•ãñ ½ãÖã£ãã½ã (‚ããÑã¾ãÔ©ãã¶ãñâ) ý ‡ãŠÊ¹ããâ¦ããèâ ½ãÖªáºãÆ½Ö ý ¦ãì•ã½ãã•ããèâ ãäÀØãñ
ýý17ýý ãä‡ãŠâºãÖì¶ãã ¦ãìÌããâ ªñÌãñâ ý ãäÌãÎÌã ãäÌãÔ¦ãããäÀËñâ ‚ããÖñ ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý ¦ããäÀ ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãÀî¹ãã Ìãã¶ããÌãñâ ý
‡ãŠÌã¥ãñâ ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ýý18ýý
Ìãã¾ãì¾ãÃ½ããñçãäØ¶ãÌãÃÀì¥ã: ÎãÎããÝá‡ãŠ: ¹ãÆ•ãã¹ããä¦ãÔ¦Ìãâ ¹ãÆãä¹ã¦ãã½ãÖÎÞã ý ¶ã½ããñ ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñçÔ¦ãì ÔãÖÔãÆ‡ãðŠ¦Ìã:
¹ãì¶ãÎÞã ¼ãî¾ããñçãä¹ã ¶ã½ããñ ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ ýý39ýý ¶ã½ã: ¹ãìÀÔ¦ããª©ã ¹ãðÓŸ¦ãÔ¦ãñ ¶ã½ããñçÔ¦ãì ¦ãñ ÔãÌãÃ¦ã †Ìã
ÔãÌãÃ ý ‚ã¶ã¶¦ãÌããè¾ããÃãä½ã¦ããäÌã‡ãÆŠ½ãÔã¦Ìãâ ÔãÌâãÃ Ôãã½ãã¹¶ããñãäÓã ¦ã¦ããñçãäÔã ÔãÌãÃ ýý40ýý
•ããè ‡ãŠã¾ã †‡ãŠ ¦ãâî ¶ãÌÖÔããè ý ‡ãŠÌã¥ãñ Ÿã¾ããèâ ¶ãÔãÔããè ý Öñâ ‚ãÔããñ •ãõÔãã ‚ããÖãÔããè ý ¦ãõãäÔã¾ãã ¶ã½ããñâ
ýý19ýý Ìãã¾ãì ¦ãâî ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãã ý ¾ã½ã ¦ãâî ãä¶ã¾ããä½ã¦ãã (ÎããÔã¶ã‡ãŠ¦ããÃ) ý ¹ãÆããä¥ãØã¥ããèâ ÌãÔã¦ãã ý ‚ããäØ¶ã ¦ããñ ¦ãâî
ýý520ýý ÌãÀì¥ã ¦ãâî Ôããñ½ã ý ÔãÆÓ›ã ¦ãâî ºãÆ½Ö ý ãä¹ã¦ãã½ãÖãÞããÖãè ¹ãÀ½ã ý ‚ãããäª•ã¶ã‡ãŠ ¦ãâî ýý21ýý
‚ãããä¥ã‡ãŠÖãè •ãñâ •ãñâ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý Àî¹ã ‚ãããä©ã ‚ã©ãÌãã ¶ããÖãèâ ý ¦ã¾ãã ¶ã½ããñ ¦ãì•ã ¦ãõÔã¾ããÖãè ý •ãØã¶¶ãã©ãã
ýý22ýý †ñÔãñâ Ôãã¶ãìÀãØãñâ ãäÞã§ãñâ ý ¶ã½ã¶ã ‡ãñŠËñâ ¹ãâ¡îÔãì¦ãñâ ý ½ãØã ¹ãì¤¦ããè ½Ö¥ãñ ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ ý ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ
¹ãÆ¼ããñ ýý23ýý ¹ããŸãèâ ãä¦ã¾ãñ Ôããª¿ãâ¦ãñâ ý ¶¾ããÖãßãè Ñããè½ãî¦ããèÃ¦ãñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãì¤¦ããè ½Ö¥ãñ ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ ý
¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ ¹ãÆ¼ããñ ýý24ýý ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ¹ããÖ¦ããâ ¹ãÆãâ¦ãñâ (ºãã•ãî¶ãñâ) ý Ôã½ãã£ãã¶ã ¹ããÌãñ ãäÞã§ãñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãì¤¦ããè ½Ö¥ãñ
¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ ý ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ ¹ãÆ¼ããñ ýý25ýý ƒ¾ãñâ ÞãÀãÞãÀãèâ •ããèâ ¼ãî¦ãñâ ý ÔãÌãÃ¨ã ªñŒãñ ¦ã¾ãã¦ãñ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãì¤¦ããè
½Ö¥ãñ ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ ý ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ ¹ãÆ¼ããñ ýý26ýý †ñÔããèâ Àî¹ãñâ ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ‚ãªá¼ãì¦ãñâ ý ‚ããÎÞã¾ãñÃâ Ô¹ãìŠÀ¦ããè ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãñâ ý
¦ãâÌã ¦ãâÌã ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñ ý ¶ã½ãÔ¦ãñãäÞã ½Ö¥ãñ ýý27ýý ‚ãããä¥ã‡ãŠ Ô¦ãìãä¦ãÖãè ¶ããŸÌãñ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¶ãÌããâ¦ãìÖãè ¶ã
ºãõÔãÌãñ ý ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ‡ãõŠÔãã ¹ãÆñ½ã¼ããÌãñâ ý Øãã•ããñâãäÞã ËãØãñ ýý28ýý ãä‡ãâŠºãÖì¶ãã ƒ¾ãã¹ãÀãè ý ¶ã½ã¶ã ‡ãñŠËñ
ÔãÖÔãÆÌãÀãè (Ö•ããÀãñâ Ìãñßã) ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¹ãì¤¦ããè ½Ö¥ãñ ÑããèÖÀãè ý ¦ãì•ã Ôã¶½ãìŒãã ¶ã½ããñ ýý29ýý ªñÌãããäÔã ¹ããŸãè
¹ããñ› ‚ãããä©ã ‡ãŠãèâ ¶ããÖãèâ ý ¾ãñ¥ãñâ „¹ã¾ããñØãì ‚ãã½Öãâ ‡ãŠãƒÃ ý ¦ãÀãè ¦ãì•ã ¹ãããäŸ½ããñÀñ¾ããÖãè ý ¶ã½ããñ ÔÌãã½ããè
ýý530ýý „¼ãã ½ãããä¢ã¾ãñ ¹ããŸãèÔããèâ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¹ãããäŸ½ããñÀñâ ½Ö¥ããÌãñâ ¦ãì½ÖãâÔããè ý Ôã¶½ãìŒã ãäÌã½ãìŒã
•ãØãñâÔããèâ ý ¶ã Üã¡ñ ¦ãì•ã ýý31ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ÌãñØãßããäË¾ãã ‚ãÌã¾ãÌããâ ý ¶ãñ¥ãñâ Àî¹ã ‡ãŠÀâî ªñÌãã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
¶ã½ããñ ¦ãì•ã ÔãÌãâãÃ ý ÔãÌããÃ¦½ã‡ãŠã (ÔãÌãÃ ÔÌãÀî¹ã) ýý32ýý •ããè ‚ã¶ãâ¦ã ºãßÔãâ¼ãÆ½ãã ý ¦ãì•ã ¶ã½ããñ ‚ããä½ã¦ã
ãäÌã‡ãÆŠ½ãã ý Ôã‡ãŠß‡ãŠãßãèâ Ôã½ãã ý ÔãÌãÃÀî¹ãã ýý33ýý ‚ããÜããäÌã¾ãã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎããèâ •ãõÔãñâ ý ‚ãÌã‡ãŠãÎããäÞã
Öãñ…ãä¶ã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎã ‚ãÔãñ ý ¦ãâî ÔãÌãÃ¹ã¥ãñâ ¦ãõÔãñâ ý ¹ãã¦ãËããäÔã ÔãÌãÃ ýý34ýý ãä‡ãâŠºãÖì¶ãã ‡ãñŠÌãß ý ÔãÌãÃ Öñâ
¦ãâîãäÞã ãä¶ããäŒãß ý ¹ããäÀ àããèÀã¥ãÃÌããèâ ‡ãŠÊËãñß (Ëã›ã, ¦ãÀâØã) ý ¹ã¾ããÞãñ •ãõÔãñ ýý35ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã¾ããâ ªñÌãã
ý ¦ãâî ÌãñØãßã ¶ãÌÖÔããè ÔãÌãâãÃ ý Öñâ ‚ããËñâ ½ã•ã Ôãªá¼ããÌãã ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¦ãâîãäÞã ÔãÌãÃ ýý36ýý
ÔãŒãñãä¦ã ½ã¦Ìãã ¹ãÆÔã¼ãâ ¾ãªì§ãâŠ Öñ ‡ãðŠÓ¥ã Öñ ¾ããªÌã Öñ ÔãŒãñãä¦ã ý ‚ã•ãã¶ã¦ãã ½ããäÖ½ãã¶ãâ ¦ãÌãñªâ ½ã¾ãã
¹ãÆ½ããªã¦ãá ¹ãÆ¥ã¾ãñ¶ã Ìãããä¹ã ýý41ýý
¹ããäÀ †ñãäÔã¾ãã ¦ãî¦ãñâ ÔÌãã½ããè ý ‡ãŠÖãèâÞã ¶ãñ¥ããñâ•ããè ‚ãã½Öãè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã Ôããñ¾ãÀñ Ôãâºãâ£ã£ã½ããèÃ (Ôããñ¾ãÀñ¹ã¥ããÞ¾ãã
¶ãã¦¾ãã¶ãñâ) ý ÀãÖã›Ëãñâ ¦ãì•ãÔããèâ ýý37ýý ‚ãÖã ©ããñÀ Ìãã„À •ããÖËñâ ý ‚ã½ãð¦ãñâ Ôãâ½ãã•ãÃ¶ã ½¾ããâ ‡ãñŠËñâ ý
ÌãããäÀ‡ãñâŠ Üãñ…ãä¶ã ãäª£ãËñâ ý ‡ãŠã½ã£ãñ¶ãî¦ãñâ ýý38ýý ¹ããäÀÔããÞãã Œã¡ÌãããäÞã •ããñ¡Ëã ý ‡ãŠãèâ ¹ãŠãñ¡ãñãä¶ã
‚ãã½Öãè Øãã¡ãñÀãâ Üãã¦ãËã ý ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¦ãÀî ¦ããñ¡ãñãä¶ã ‡ãñŠËã ý ‡ãîŠ¹ã Îãñ¦ãã ýý39ýý ãäÞãâ¦ãã½ã¥ããèÞããè Œãã¥ããè
ËãØãËãè ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ‡ãŠÀñâ Ìããñ¤ãßñâ ÌããñÊÖãâãä¡Ëãèâ ý ¦ãõÔããè ¦ãì¢ããè •ãÌããäß‡ãŠ £ãããä¡Ëãè ý ÔããâØãã¦ããè¹ã¥ãñâ
ýý540ýý Öñâ ‚ãããä•ãÞãñâãäÞã ¹ããÖñâ ¹ããâ Àãñ‡ãŠ¡ñâ ý ‡ãŠÌã¥ã ¢ãâì•ã Öñâ ‡ãñŠÌã¤ñâ ý †©ã ¹ãÀºãÆ½Ö ¦ãâî „Üã¡ñâ ý
ÔããÀ©ããè ‡ãñŠËãÔããè ýý41ýý ¾ã¾ããâ ‡ãŠãõÀÌããâãäÞã¾ãã ÜãÀã ý ãäÎãÓ›ãƒÃ £ãããä¡ËããäÔã ªã¦ããÀã ý †ñÔãã
Ìããä¥ã•ãñÔããŸãèâ (‚ãã½ãÞãñ ‡ãŠã½ãã‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ) •ããØãñÎÌãÀã ý ãäÌã‡ãŠËããäÔã ‚ãã½Öãèâ ýý42ýý ¦ãâî ¾ããñãäØã¾ããâÞãñâ
Ôã½ãããä£ãÔãìŒã ý ‡ãõŠÔãã •ãã¥ãñãäÞã¶ãã ½ããè ½ãîŒãÃ ý „¹ãÀãñ£ãì •ããè Ôã¶½ãìŒã ý ¦ãì•ãÔããèâ ‡ãŠÀâî ýý43ýý

¾ãÞÞããÌãÖãÔãã©ãÃ½ãÔã¦‡ãðŠ¦ããñçãäÔã ãäÌãÖãÀÎã¾¾ããÔã¶ã¼ããñ•ã¶ãñÓãì ý ç‡ãŠãñç©ãÌããç¹¾ãÞ¾ãì¦ã ¦ã¦ãá Ôã½ãàãâ
¦ã¦àãã½ã¾ãñ ¦Ìãã½ãÖ½ã¹ãÆ½ãñ¾ã½ãá ýý42ýý
¦ãâî ¾ãã ãäÌãÎÌããÞããè ‚ã¶ãããäª ‚ããªãè ý ºãõÔãÔããè ãä•ã¾ãñ Ôã¼ããÔãªãèâ ý ¦ãñ©ãñâ Ôããñ¾ãÀãè‡ãŠãèãäÞã¾ãã Ôãâºãâ£ããèâ ý
Àßãèâ (ãäÌã¶ããñªã¶ãñâ) ºããñËãñâ ýý44ýý ãäÌã¹ãã¾ãñâ Àã„ßã ¾ãñÌããñâ ý ¦ããäÀ ¦ãì¢ãñâãä¶ã ‚ãâØãñâ ½ãã¶ãì ¹ããÌããñâ ý ¶ã
½ãããä¶ãÔããè ¦ãÀãè •ããÌããñ ý ÀìÔããñãä¶ã ÔãËØããè ýý45ýý ¹ãã¾ããâ ËãØããñãä¶ã ºãì¢ããÌã¥ããèý ¦ãì¢¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ
ÎããÀâØã¹ãã¥ããè ý ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ †ñÎããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ããè ý ºãÖì ‡ãñŠËãè ‚ãã½Öãèâ ýý46ýý Ôã•ã¥ã ¹ã¥ãããäÞã¾ãã Ìãã›ã ý
¦ãì•ã¹ãì¤ñâ ºãÔãñâ „¹ãŠÀã›ã (¹ããŸ½ããñÀã) ý Öã ¹ãã¡ì ‡ãŠã¾ã Ìãõ‡ãâìŠŸã?ý ¹ããäÀ Þãì‡ãŠËãñâ ‚ãã½Öãè ý.47ýý ªñÌãñâãäÔã
‡ãŠãñË‡ãŠãŸãèâ £ãÀâî ý ‚ããŒãã¡ã ¢ããñâºãã¢ããñâºããè ‡ãŠÀâî ý ÔããÀãè Œãñß¦ããâ ‚ããäÌãÓ‡ãŠÀâî ý ãä¶ã‡ãŠÀñâÖãèâ ¼ããâ¡ãñâ
ýý48ýý ÞããâØã ¦ãñâ „Àã„Àãèâ ½ããØããñâ ý ªñÌãããäÔã ‡ãŠãèâ ºãìãä£ª ÔããâØããñâ ý ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã ½Ö¥ããñ ‡ãŠã¾ã ËãØããñâ ý
¦ãì¢ãñâ ‚ãã½Öãè ýý49ýý †ñÔãã ‚ã¹ãÀã£ãì Öã ‚ããÖñ ý •ããñ ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ããèâ ¶ã Ôã½ãã¾ãñ ý •ããè ¶ãñ¥ã¦ããâãäÞã ‡ãŠãèâ
¹ãã¾ãñ ý ãäÎãÌããä¦ãËñ ¦ãì¢ãñâ ýý550ýý ªñÌããñ ºããñ¶ã¾ããÞ¾ãã (•ãñÌã¥ããÞ¾ãã) ‚ãÌãÔãÀãèâ ý Ëãñ¼ãñâ ‡ãŠãèÀ ‚ããŸÌã¥ã
‡ãŠÀãè ý ¹ããäÀ ½ãã¢ãã ãä¶ãÔãìØã ØãÌãÃ ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý •ãñ ¹ãìŠØãî¶ããäÞã ºãõÔãñâ ýý51ýý ªñÌãããäÞã¾ãã ¼ããñØãã¾ã¦ã¶ããèâ
ý Œãñß¦ããâ ‚ããÎãâ‡ãñŠ¶ãã ½ã¶ããèâ ý •ããè ãäÀØããñãä¶ã¾ããâ Îã¾ã¶ããèâ ý ÔããäÀÔãã ¹ãÖì¡ñâ ýý52ýý ‡ãðŠÓ¥ã ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
Öã‡ãŠããäÀ•ãñ ý ¾ããªÌã¹ã¥ãñâ ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ËñãäŒã•ãñ ý ‚ãã¹ãËãè ‚ãã¥ã ÜãããäË•ãñ ý •ãã¦ããâ ¦ãì•ã ýý53ýý ½ã•ã
†‡ãŠãÔã¶ããèâ ºãõÔã¥ãñâ ý ‡ãŠãâ ¦ãì¢ãã ºããñËì ¶ã ½ãã¶ã¥ãñâ ý Öñâ Ìããñ¦ã›ãèÞãñãä¶ã ªã›¹ã¥ãñâ ý ºãÖì¦ã Üã¡Ëñâ ýý54ýý
½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‡ãŠã¾ã ‡ãŠã¾ã ‚ãã¦ããâ ý ãä¶ãÌãñãäª•ãñË ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãã ý ½ããè ÀããäÎã ‚ããÖñâ Ôã½ãÔ¦ããâ ý ‚ã¹ãÀã£ããâãäÞã
ýý55ýý ¾ããËãØããèâ ¹ãì¤ãâ ‚ã©ãÌãã ¹ããŸãèâ ý ãä•ã¾ãñâ ÀãÖ›Ëãñâ ºãÖìÌãñâ ÌããñŒã›ãèâ (ÌããƒÃ›¹ã¥ãñâ, Œããñ¡Ôããß¹ã¥ãñâ) ý
ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ½ãã¾ãñãäÞã¾ãã ¹ãÀãè ¹ããñ›ãèâ ý Ôãã½ããÌããèâ ¹ãÆ¼ããñ ýý56ýý •ããè ‡ãŠãñ¥Öãè †‡ãñŠ Ìãñßñ ý ÔããäÀ¦ãã Üãñ…ãä¶ã
¾ãñ¦ããè Œã¡ìßñâ (Øã¤îß „ª‡ãñâŠ) ý ãä¦ã¾ãñ Ôãã½ãããäÌã•ãñãä¦ã ãäÔãâ£ãì•ãßñâ ý ‚ãã¶ã „¹ãã¾ããñ ¶ããÖãèâ ýý57ýý ¦ãõÔããèâ
¹ãÆãè¦ããè ‡ãŠãâ ¹ãÆ½ããªñâ ý ªñÌãñâÔããèâ ½ã•ã ãäÌãÀì£ªñâ ý ºããñËãäÌãËãèâ ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ½ãì‡ãâìŠªñâ ý „¹ãÔããÖãÌããèâ •ããè ýý58ýý
‚ãããä¥ã ªñÌããÞãñãä¶ã àã½ã¦Ìãñâ (ÔãÖ¶ãÎããèË¦ãñ¶ãñâ) àã½ãã ý ‚ãã£ããÀì •ããËãè ‚ããÖñ ¾ãã ¼ãî¦ãØãÆã½ãã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
•ããè ¹ãìÀìÓããñ§ã½ãã ý ãäÌã¶ãÌãâî ¦ãñâ ©ããñ¡ñâ ýý59ýý ¦ããäÀ ‚ãã¦ããâ ‚ã¹ãÆ½ãñ¾ãã ý ½ã•ã ÎãÀ¥ããØã¦ãã ‚ãã¹ãìãäË¾ãã ý
àã½ãã ‡ãŠãè•ããñ •ããè ¾ã¾ãã ý ‚ã¹ãÀã£ããâãäÔã ýý560ýý
ãä¹ã¦ãããäÔã Ëãñ‡ãŠÔ¾ã ÞãÀãÞãÀÔ¾ã ¦Ìã½ãÔ¾ã ¹ãî•¾ãÎÞã ØãìÀìØãÃÀãè¾ãã¶ãá ý ¶ã ¦Ìã¦Ôã½ããñçÔ¦¾ã¼¾ããä£ã‡ãŠ:
‡ãìŠ¦ããñç¶¾ããñ Ëãñ‡ãŠ¨ã¾ãñç¹¾ã¹ãÆãä¦ã½ã¹ãÆ¼ããÌã ýý43ýý
•ããè •ãããä¥ã¦ãËñâ ãä½ã¾ããâ ÔããÞãñâ ý ½ããäÖ½ãã¶ã ‚ãã¦ããâ ªñÌããÞãñâ ý •ãñ ªñÌããñ Öãñ¾ã ÞãÀãÞãÀãÞãñâ ý •ã¶½ãÔ©ãã¶ã
ýý61ýý ÖãäÀÖÀããäª Ôã½ãÔ¦ããâ ý ªñÌãã ¦ãâî ¹ãÀ½ã ªñÌã¦ãã ý Ìãñªã¦ãñâÖãè ¹ã¤ãäÌã¦ãã ý ‚ãããäª ØãìÀì ¦ãâî
ýý62ýý Øãâ¼ããèÀ ¦ãâî ÑããèÀã½ãã ý ¶ãã¶ãã¼ãî¦ãõ‡ãŠÔã½ãã ý Ôã‡ãŠßØãì¥ããèâ ‚ã¹ãÆãä¦ã½ãã ý ‚ããäÌª¦ããè¾ãã ýý63ýý
¦ãì•ãÔããèâ ¶ããÖãèâ ÔããäÀÔãñâ ý Öñâ ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ããª¶ããäÞã ‡ãŠã¾ãÔãñâ?ý ¦ãìÌããâ •ããËñãä¶ã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎãñâ ý Ôãã½ãããäÌãËñâ •ãØã

ýý64ýý ¦ã¾ãã ¦ãì¢ãñãä¶ã ¹ãã¡ñâ ªì•ãñâ ý †ñÔãñâ ºããñË¦ããâãäÞã Ëããä•ã•ãñ ý ¦ãñ©ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠãäÞã (¦ãì¢¾ãã¹ãñàããâ ©ããñÀ)
‡ãŠãè•ãñ ý ØããñŸãè ‡ãñŠÌããèâ ýý65ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ããèâ ¦ãâî †‡ãìŠ ý ¦ãì•ãÔãããäÀŒãã ¶ãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãìŠ ý ¦ãì¢ãã
½ããäÖ½ãã ‚ãËãõãä‡ãŠ‡ãìŠ ý ¶ãñãä¥ã•ãñ Ìãã¶ãâî ýý66ýý
¦ãÔ½ãã¦ãá ¹ãÆ¥ã½¾ã ¹ãÆãä¥ã£ãã¾ã ‡ãŠã¾ãâ ¹ãÆÔããª¾ãñ ¦Ìãã½ãÖ½ããèÎã½ããè¡¿ã½ãá ý ãä¹ã¦ãñÌã ¹ãì¨ãÔ¾ã ÔãŒãñÌã ÔãŒ¾ãì:
ãä¹ãÆ¾ã: ãä¹ãÆ¾ãã¾ããÖÃãäÔã ªñÌã Ôããñ¤ì½ãá ýý44ýý
†ñÔãñâ ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãñâ ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ý ½ãØã ¹ãì¤¦ããè ªâ¡Ìã¦ã Üãã¦ãËñâ ý ¦ãñ©ãñâ Ôãããä§Ìã‡ãŠãÞãñâ ‚ããËñâ ý ¼ãÀ¦ãñâ ¦ã¾ãã
ýý67ýý ½ãØã ½Ö¥ã¦ãÔãñ ¹ãÆÔããèª ¹ãÆÔããèª ý ÌããÞãã Öãñ¦ãÔãñ ÔãªáØãª ý ‡ãŠã¤ãèâ •ããè ‚ã¹ãÀã£ã- ý
Ôã½ãìªÆãõãä¶ã (‚ã¹ãÀã£ãÀî¹ããèâ Ôã½ãìªÆãâ¦ãî¶ã) ½ãã¦ãñâ ýý68ýý ¦ãì•ã ãäÌãÎÌãÔãì×ªã¦ãñâ ‡ãŠÖãèâ ý Ôããñ¾ãÀñ¹ã¥ãñâ ¶ã ½ã¶ãâîãäÞã
¹ããÖãèâ ý ¦ãì•ã ãäÌãÎÌãñÎÌãÀããäÞã¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ ý †ñÎÌã¾ãÃ ‡ãñŠËñâ ýý69ýý ¦ãâî Ìã¥ãÃ¶ããè¾ã ¹ãÀãè Ëãñ¼ãñâ ý ½ãã¦ãñâ
Ìããä¥ãÃÔããè ¹ããâ Ôã¼ãñ ý ¦ããäÀ ãä½ã¾ããâ ÌããäÊØã•ãñâ àããñ¼ãñâ ý ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠããä£ã‡ãŠ ýý570ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ †ñãäÔã¾ãã
‚ã¹ãÀã£ããâ ý ½ã¾ããÃªã ¶ããÖãèâ ½ãì‡ãâìŠªã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã Ààã Ààã ¹ãÆ½ããªã- ý ¹ããÔããñãä¶ã¾ããâ ýý71ýý •ããè ÖñâãäÞã
ãäÌã¶ãÌããÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ý ‡ãõâŠÞããè ¾ããñØ¾ã¦ãã ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ‚ããâØããèâ ý ¹ãÀãè ‚ã¹ã¦¾ã •ãõÔãñâ ÔãËØããèâ ý ºãã¹ãñÔããèâ ºããñËñ
ýý72ýý ¹ãì¨ããÞãñ ‚ã¹ãÀã£ã ý •ãÀãè •ããÖËñ ‚ãØãã£ã ý ¦ãÀãè ãä¹ã¦ãã ÔããÖñ ãä¶ãÌªÃ¶Ìª (ªì•ãã¼ããÌã Ôããñ¡î¶ã) ý
¦ãõÔãñâ ÔãããäÖ•ããñ •ããè ýý73ýý ÔãŒ¾ããÞãñ „£ª¦ã ý ÔãŒãã ÔããÖñ ãä¶ãÌããâ¦ã ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¦ãìÌããâ Ôã½ãÔ¦ã ý
ÔãããäÖ•ããñ •ããè ýý74ýý ãä¹ãÆ¾ãããäÞã¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ Ôã¶½ãã¶ã ý ãä¹ãÆ¾ã ¶ã ¹ããÖñâ ÔãÌãÃ©ãã •ãã¥ã ý ¦ãñÌããèâ „ãäÞœÓ›
‡ãŠããä¤Ëñâ ‚ãã¹ã¥ã ý ¦ãñ àã½ãã ‡ãŠãè•ããñ •ããè ýý75ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ¹ãÆã¥ããÞãñâ Ôããñ¾ãÀñâ ¼ãñ›ñ ý ½ãØã •ããèÌãñâ ¼ãî¦ãËãèâ
(¼ããñØãËñËãèâ) ãä•ã¾ãñ Ôãâ‡ãŠ›ñâ ý ãä¦ã¾ãñ ãä¶ãÌãñãäª¦ããâ ¶ã Ìãã›ñ ý Ôãâ‡ãŠãñÞãì ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ýý76ýý ‡ãŠãâ „ãäŒã¦ãñâ ‚ããâØãñâ
•ããèÌãñâ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ãñâ ãäª£ãËñâ ãä•ã¾ãã ½ã¶ããñ¼ããÌãñâ ý ãä¦ã¾ãã ‡ãŠãâ¦ãì ãä½ã¶ããäË¾ãã (¼ãñ›Ê¾ããÌãÀ) ¶ã ÀãÖÌãñâ ý ×ª¾ã
•ãñÌããèâ ýý77ýý ¦ã¾ãã¹ãÀãè •ããè ãä½ã¾ããâ ý Öñâ ãäÌã¶ããäÌãËñâ ¦ãì½ã¦ãñâ ØããñÔãããäÌã¾ãã ý ‚ãã¥ããè‡ãŠ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ †‡ãŠ
½Ö¥ããÌã¾ãã ý ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý78ýý
‚ãªðÓ›¹ãîÌâãÃ ×ãäÓã¦ããñçãäÔ½ã ªðÓ›áÌãã ¼ã¾ãñ¶ã Þã ¹ãÆÌ¾ããä©ã¶ãâ ½ã¶ããñ ½ãñ ý ¦ãªñÌã ½ãñ ªÎãÃ¾ã ªñÌã Àî¹ãâ ¹ãÆÔããèª
ªñÌãñÎã •ãØããä¶¶ãÌããÔã ýý45ýý
¦ãÀãè ªñÌãñâÔããèâ ÔãËØããè ‡ãñŠËãè ý •ãñ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããÞããè ‚ããßãè Üãñ¦ãËãè ý ¦ãñ ½ãã¾ãºãã¹ãñâ ¹ãìÀãäÌãËãè ý
Ô¶ãñÖãßãÞãñãä¶ã ýý79ýý ÔãìÀ¦ãÀâîÞããèâ ¢ãã¡ñâ ý ‚ããâØã¥ããèâ ËãÌããÌããèâ ‡ãŠãñ¡ñâ ý ªñ¾ããÌãñâ ‡ãŠã½ã£ãñ¶ãîÞãñ ¹ãã¡ñâ ý
ŒãñßãÌã¾ãã ýý580ýý ãä½ã¾ããâ ¶ãàã¨ããèâ ¡ãÌã ¹ãã¡ãÌãã ý ÞãâªÆ Þãñâ¡ìÌããËãØããèâ ‚ãã¥ããÌãã ý Öã œâªì ãäÔã£ªãè
¶ãñËã ‚ããÜãÌãã ý ½ãã„Ëãè¾ãñ ¦ãìÌããâ ýý81ýý ãä•ã¾ãã ‚ã½ãð¦ãËñÎããËãØããèâ Ôãã¾ããÔã ý ¦ã¾ããÞãã ¹ãã…Ôã
‡ãñŠËã ÞããÀãè ½ããÔã ý ¹ãð©Ìããè ÌããÖî¶ã ÞããÔãñÞããÔã (Ìãã¹ãŠ¿ããÌãã¹ãŠ¿ãã¶ãñâ) ý ãäÞãâ¦ãã½ã¥ããè ¹ãñãäÀËñ ýý82ýý †ñÔãã
‡ãðŠ¦ã‡ãðŠ¦¾ã ‡ãñŠËã ÔÌãã½ããè ý ºãÖìÌãñ Ëßã ¹ãããäßËã ¦ãì½Öãèâ ý ªããäÌãËñâ •ãñâ ÖÀºãÆ½Öãèâ ý ¶ãã¾ããä‡ãŠ•ãñ ‡ãŠã¶ããèâ
ýý83ýý ½ãã ªñŒããÌã¾ããÞããè ‡ãñŠ„¦ããè ØããñŸãè ý •ã¾ããÞããè „¹ããä¶ãÓãªãâ ¶ããÖãèâ ¼ãñ›ãè ý ¦ãñ ãä•ãÌÖãÀãèâÞããè ØããâŸãè
ý ½ã•ãËãØããèâ Ôããñãä¡Ëãè ýý84ýý •ããè ‡ãŠÊ¹ããªãèËãØããñ¶ããè ý ‚ãããä•ãÞããè Üã¡ãè £ãÀì¶ããè ý ½ãã¢ããè •ãñ¦ãìËãè
Öãñ„¶ããè ý ØãñËãè •ã¶½ãñ ýý85ýý ¦ã¾ããâ ‚ããÜããäÌã¾ããâãäÞã ‚ããâ¦ãì ý ÜãÀ¡ãñßãè (¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ÜãÀãÞãã ¢ãã¡ã) Üãñ…ãä¶ã
‚ãÔãñâ ¹ããÖ¦ãì ý ¹ããäÀ Öãè ªñãäŒãËãè †ñãä‡ãŠËãè ½ãã¦ãì ý ‚ãã¦ãì¡ñãäÞã¶ãã ýý86ýý ºãì£ªãèÞãñâ •ãã¥ã¥ãñâ ý ‡ãŠÖãèâ ¶ã
ÌãÞãñãäÞã ¾ããÞãñãä¶ã ‚ããâØã¥ãñâ ý Öñâ ÔããªÖãè ‚ãâ¦ã:‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ ý ‡ãŠÀÌãñãäÞã¶ãã ýý87ýý ¦ãñ©ã ¡ãñß¿ããâ ªñŒããè
Öãñ‚ããÌããè ý Öãè ØããñŸãèãäÞã ‡ãŠã¾ãÔã¾ãã ‡ãŠÀãÌããè ý ãä‡ãâŠºãÖì¶ãã ¹ãîÌããèÃ ý ªðÓ› ¶ãã Ñãì¦ã ýý88ýý ¦ãñâ Öñâ
ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ‚ãã¹ãìËñâ ý ¦ãì½Öãèâ ½ã•ã ¡ãñßãâ ªããäÌãËñâ ý ¦ãÀãè ½ãã¢ãñâ ½ã¶ã ¢ããËñâ ý ×Ó› ªñÌãã ýý89ýý ¹ããäÀ
‚ãã¦ããâ †ñÔããè Þãã¡ •ããèÌããèâ ý •ãñ ¦ãì•ãÔããèâ ØããñŸãè ‡ãŠÀãÌããè ý •ãÌãßãè‡ãŠ Öñ ¼ããñØããÌããè ý ‚ããäËâØããÌããÔããè
ýý590ýý ¦ãñ ¾ãããäÞã Àî¹ããèâ ‡ãŠÀâî ½Öãä¥ã•ãñ ý ¦ããäÀ ‡ãŠãñ¥ãñ †‡ãñŠ ½ãìŒãñâãäÔã ÞããÌããäß•ãñ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã
ŒãñâÌã ªñƒ•ãñ ý ¦ãì•ã ËñŒãã ¶ããÖãèâ ýý91ýý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ÌãããäÀ¾ããÔãÌãñâ £ããâÌã¥ãñâ ý ¶ã Ÿ‡ãñŠ ØãØã¶ãã ŒãñâÌã
ªñ¥ãñâ ý •ãß‡ãñŠËãè Œãñß¥ãñâ ý Ôã½ãìªÆãèâ ‡ãñŠ„¦ãñâ?ýý92ýý ¾ããËãØããèâ •ããè ªñÌãã ý †ãä©ãâÞãñâ ¼ã¾ã „¹ã•ã¦ãÔãñ
•ããèÌãã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¾ãñ¦ãìËã Ëßã ¹ããßãÌãã ý •ãñ ¹ãìÀñ Öñâ ‚ãã¦ããâ ýý93ýý ¹ãõâ ÞãÀãÞãÀ ãäÌã¶ããñªñâ ¹ãããäÖ•ãñ ý
½ãØã ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ÔãìŒãñâ ÜãÀãèâ ÀããäÖ•ãñ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ Þã¦ãì¼ãìÃ•ã Àî¹ã ¦ãì¢ãñâ ý ¦ããñ ãäÌãÔããâÌãã ‚ãã½Öãâ ýý94ýý ‚ãã½Öãèâ
¾ããñØã•ãã¦ã (¾ã½ããä¶ã¾ã½ãããäª ÔãÌãÃ ¾ããñØã) ‚ã¼¾ããÔããÌãñâ ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ¾ãããäÞã ‚ã¶ãì¼ãÌãã ¾ããÌãñâ ý ÎããÔ¨ãã¦ãñâ ‚ããËãñ¡ãÌãñâ
ý ¹ããäÀ ãäÔã£ªãâ¦ãì ¦ããñ ÖããäÞã ýý95ýý ‚ãã½Öãèâ ¾ã•ã¶ãñâ ãä‡ãŠ•ã¦ããè Ôã‡ãŠßñâ ý ¹ããäÀ ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ¹ãŠßãÌããèâ ¾ãñ¥ãñâãäÞã
¹ãŠßñâ ý ¦ããè©ãñÃ Öãñ¦ãì Ôã‡ãŠßñâ ý ¾ãããäÞãËãØããèâ ýý96ýý ‚ãã¥ããè‡ãŠÖãè ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ •ãñâ •ãñâ ý ªã¶ã ¹ãì¥¾ã ‚ãã½Öãèâ
‡ãŠãè•ãñ ý ¦ã¾ãã ¹ãŠßãèâ ¹ãŠß ¦ãì¢ãñâ ý Þã¦ãì¼ãìÃ•ã Àî¹ã ýý97ýý †ñÔããèâ ¦ãñãä©ãâÞããè •ããèÌãã ‚ããÌã¡ãè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
¦ãñâãäÞã ªñŒããÌã¾ãã ËÌã¡ÔãÌã¡ãè (ËØãºãØã) ý Ìã¦ãÃ¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ¦ãñ Ôããâ‡ãŠ¡ãè ý ¹ãñŠãä¡•ãñ ÌãñØããèâ ýý98ýý ‚ãØãã
•ããèÌããèâÞãñâ •ãã¥ã¦ãñ¾ãã ý Ôã‡ãŠß ãäÌãÎÌãÌãÔããäÌã¦ãñ¾ãã ý ¹ãÆÔã¶¶ã ÖãñƒÃ ¹ãîãä•ã¦ã¾ãã ý ªñÌããâãäÞã¾ãã ªñÌãã
ýý99ýý
ãä‡ãŠÀãèãä›¶ãâ Øããäª¶ãâ Þã‡ãÆŠÖÔ¦ããä½ãÞœããä½ã ¦Ìããâ ªÆÓ›ì½ãÖâ ¦ã©ãõÌã ý ¦ãñ¶ãõÌã Àî¹ãñ¥ã Þã¦ãì¼ãìÃ•ãñ¶ã
ÔãÖÔãÆºããÖãñ ¼ãÌã ãäÌãÎÌã½ãî¦ãñÃ ýý46ýý
‡ãõŠÔãñâ ¶ããèËãñ¦¹ãËã¦ãñâ ÀãâãäÌã¦ã (ÀâØããÞãã ½ããÔãËã ªãŒãÌããè¦ã) ý ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎããÖãè ÀâØãì ËããäÌã¦ã ý ¦ãñ•ããÞããè ÌãÆãñ•ã
ªããäÌã¦ã ý ƒâªÆ¶ããèßã ýý600ýý •ãõÔãã ¹ããäÀ½ãß •ããÖËã ½ãÀØã•ãã ý ‡ãŠãâ ‚ãã¶ãâªããäÔã ãä¶ãÜãããäË¾ãã
¼ãì•ãã ý •¾ããÞãñ •ãã¶ãîÌãÀãè ½ã‡ãŠÀ£Ìã•ãã ý •ããñ¡Ëãè ºãÀÌã ýý1ýý ½ãÔ¦ã‡ãŠãèâ ½ãìØãì›ã¦ãñâ ŸñãäÌãËñâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ
½ãì‡ãìŠ›ã ½ãì‡ãìŠ› ½ãÔ¦ã‡ãŠ ¢ããËñâ ý ÎãðâØããÀËñ¥ãñâ Ëã£ãËñâ ý ‚ããâØããÞãñãä¶ã •ã¾ãã ýý2ýý ƒâª£ã¶ãìÓ¾ãããäÞã¾ãñ
‚ãã¡¥ããè- ý ½ãã•ããèâ ½ãñÜã ØãØã¶ãÀâØã¥ããèâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ‚ããÌããäÀËñâ (£ããÀ¥ã ‡ãñŠËñâ) ÎããÀâØã¹ãã¥ããè ý Ìãõ•ã¾ãâãä¦ã¾ãã
ýý3ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ‡ãŠÌã¥ããè ¦ãñ „ªãÀ Øãªã ý ‚ãÔãìÀãâ ªñ¦ã ‡ãõŠÌãÊ¾ã ¹ãªã ý ‡ãõŠÔãñâ Þã‡ãÆŠ Ö¶ã ØããñãäÌãâªã ý
Ôããõ½¾ã¦ãñ•ãñâ ãä½ãÀÌãñ ýý4ýý ãä‡ãŠâºãÖì¶ãã ÔÌãã½ããè ý ¦ãñâ ªñŒããÌã¾ãã „¦‡ãâŠãäŸ¦ã ¹ããâ ½ããè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ãã¦ããâ
¦ãì½Öãèâ ý ¦ãõÔã¾ãã Öãñ‚ããÌãñâ ýý5ýý Öñ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããÞãñ ÔããñÖßñ ý ¼ããñØãîãä¶ã ãä¶ãÌããËñ •ããè ¡ãñßñ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ
Öãñ¦ãããä¦ã ‚ããâ£ãßñ (‚ã£ããèÀñ, ÖãâÌãÀñ) ý ‡ãðŠÓ¥ã½ãî¦ããèÃËãØããèâ ýý6ýý ¦ãñâ Ôãã‡ãŠãÀ ‡ãðŠÓ¥ãÀî¹ã¡ñâ ý ÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ¹ããÖãñâ
¶ããÌã¡ñ ý ¦ãñâ ¶ã ªñŒã¦ããâ ©ããñ¡ñâ ý ½ãããä¶ã¦ãã¦ããè Öñ ýý7ýý ‚ãã½Öãâ ¼ããñØã½ããñàãããäÞã¾ãã (¼ãìãä§ãŠ Ìã ½ãìãä§ãŠ ¾ããâÞ¾ãã)
Ÿã¾ããèâ ý Ñããè½ãî¦ããèÃÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ¶ããÖãèâ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¦ãõÔãããäÞã Ôãã‡ãŠãÀì ÖãñƒÃ ý Öñâ ÔããâÌãÀãèâ ‚ãã¦ããâ ýý8ýý
Ñããè¼ãØãÌãã¶ãìÌããÞã : ½ã¾ãã ¹ãÆÔã¶¶ãñ¶ã ¦ãÌãã•ãìÃ¶ãñªâ Àì¹ãâ ¹ãÀâ ªãäÎãÃ¦ã½ãã¦½ã¾ããñØãã¦ãá ý ¦ãñ•ããñ½ã¾ãâ
ãäÌãÎÌã½ã¶ã¶¦ã½ããª¿ãâ ¾ã¶½ãñ ¦Ìãª¶¾ãñ¶ã ¶ã ªðÓ›¹ãîÌãÃ½ãá ýý47ýý
¾ãã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãããäÞã¾ãã ºããñËã ý ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãã ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ããñ •ããÖËã ý ½Ö¥ãñ †ñÔãã ¶ããÖãèâ ªñãäŒãËã ý £ãÔããß
(‚ããäÌãÞããÀãè, ‚ãÀãäÔã‡ãŠ) ‡ãŠãñ¥ããè ýý9ýý ‡ãŠãñ¥ã Öñ ÌãÔ¦ãì ¹ããÌãËã ‚ããÖãÔããè ý ¦ã¾ãã Ëã¼ããÞãã ¦ããñÓãì ¶ã ÜãñÔããè ý
½ãã ¼ãñ¥ãñâ ‡ãŠã¾ã ¶ãñ¥ããñâ ºããñËÔããè ý Öñ‡ãŠã¡ì †ñÔãã ýý610ýý ‚ãã½Öãè ÔãããäÌã¾ãããäÞã •ãõâ ¹ãÆÔã¶¶ã Öãñ¥ãñâ ý ¦ãõâ
‚ããâØããäÞãÌãÀãè ½Ö¥ãñâ ªñ¥ãñâ ý ÌããâÞããñãä¶ã •ããèÌã ‚ãÔãñ ÌãñâÞã¥ãñâ ý ‡ãŠÌã¥ãããäÔã Øãã ýý11ýý ¦ãñâ Öñâ ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãñ
Þãã¡ñ ý ‚ãããä•ã ãä•ãÌããÞãñâãäÞã ªßÌãã¡ñâ ý ‡ãŠã½ã…ãä¶ã¾ããâ (Ñã½ã¹ãîÌãÃ‡ãŠ ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀî¶ã) ¾ãñÌã¤ñâ ý ÀãäÞãËñâ £¾ãã¶ã
ýý12ýý †ñÔããè ‡ãŠã¾ã ¶ãñ¥ããñâ ¦ãìãä¢ã¾ãñ ‚ããÌã¡ãè ý •ããÖËãè ¹ãÆÔã¶¶ã¦ãã ‚ãã½ãìÞããè Ìãñ¡ãè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
Øããõ¹¾ããÞããèÖãè Øãì¤ãè ý „¼ããäÌãËãè •ãØããèâ ýý13ýý ¦ãñâ Öñâ ‚ã¹ããÀãâ‚ã¹ããÀ ý ÔÌãÀî¹ã ½ãã¢ãñâ ¹ãÀã¦¹ãÀ ý †©ãîãä¶ã
¦ãñ ‚ãÌã¦ããÀ ý ‡ãðŠÓ¥ãããäª‡ãŠ ýý14ýý Öñâ —ãã¶ã¦ãñ•ããÞãñâ ãä¶ããäŒãß (Îãì£ª) ý ãäÌãÎÌãã¦½ã‡ãŠ ‡ãñŠÌãß ý ‚ã¶ãâ¦ã
Öñâ ‚ã¤ß ý ‚ããª¿ã Ôã‡ãŠßãâ ýý15ýý Öñâ ¦ãì•ãÌããâÞããñãä¶ã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãã ý ¹ãîÌããèÃ Ñãì¦ã ªðÓ› ¶ããÖãèâ ‚ãã¶ãã ý •ãñ
•ããñØãñâ ¶ãÌÖñ Ôãã£ã¶ããâ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã¾ããâ ýý16ýý
¶ã Ìãñª¾ã—ãã£¾ã¾ã¶ãõ¶ãÃ ªã¶ãõ¶ãÃ Þã ãä‡ãÆŠ¾ãããä¼ã¶ãÃ ¦ã¹ããñãä¼ãÀìØãÆõ: ý †ÌãâÀì¹ã: Îã‡ã¾ã ‚ãÖâ ¶ãðËãñ‡ãñŠ ªÆÓ›âì
¦Ìãª¶¾ãñ¶ã ‡ãìŠÀì¹ãÆÌããèÀ ýý48ýý
¾ããÞããè Ôããñ¾ã (ãäŸ‡ãŠã¥ã, ½ããØãÃ) ¹ãã¦ãËñ ý ‚ãããä¥ã Ìãñªãèâ ½ããõ¶ããäÞã Üãñ¦ãËñâ ý ¾ãããä—ã‡ãŠãè ½ããÜããõ¦ãñ ‚ããËñ ý
ÔÌãØããõÃãä¶ã¾ããâ ýý17ýý Ôãã£ã‡ãŠãèâ ªñãäŒãËã ‚ãã¾ããÔãì ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ÌãããäßËã ¾ããñØãã¼¾ããÔãì ý ‚ãããä¥ã
‚ã£¾ã¾ã¶ãñâ ÔããõÀÔãì ý ¶ããÖãèâ †©ã ýý18ýý ÔããèØãñÞããèâ Ôã¦‡ãŠ½ãñÃâ ý £ãããäÌã¶¶ãËãèâ Ôãâ¼ãÆ½ãñâ ý ãä¦ãÖãèâ
ºãÖì¦ãñ‡ãŠãèâ Ñã½ãñâ ý Ôã¦¾ãËãñ‡ãìŠ Ÿããä‡ãŠËã (¹ãÆã¹¦ã ‡ãŠÀî¶ã Üãñ¦ãËã) ýý19ýý ¦ã¹ããèâ †ñÎÌã¾ãÃ ªñãäŒãËñâ ý ‚ãããä¥ã
„ØãÆ¹ã¥ã „¼ã¾ããâãäÞã Ôããâãä¡Ëñâ ý †Ìãâ ¦ã¹ãÔãã£ã¶ã •ãñâ ŸñËñâ ý ‚ã¹ããÀãâ¦ãÀñâ ýý620ýý ¦ãñâ Öñâ ¦ãìÌããâ
‚ã¶ãã¾ããÔãñâ ý ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ªñãäŒãËñâ •ãõÔãñâ ý ƒ¾ãñ ½ã¶ãìÓ¾ãËãñ‡ãŠãèâ ¦ãõÔãñâ ý ¶ã ¹ãŠÌãñãäÞã ‡ãŠÌã¥ãã ýý21ýý
‚ãããä•ã £¾ãã¶ãÔãâ¹ã§ããèËãØããèâ ý ¦ãâîãäÞã †‡ãìŠ ‚ãããä©ãËã (Ôãâ¹ã¶¶ã, ©ããñÀ) •ãØããèâ ý Öñâ ¹ãÀ½ã¼ããØ¾ã ‚ããâØããèâ ý
ãäÌãÀâãäÞãÖãè ¶ããÖãèâ ýý22ýý
½ãã ¦ãñ Ì¾ã©ãã ½ãã Þã ãäÌã½ãî¤¼ããÌããñ ªðÓ›áÌãã Àî¹ãâ ÜããñÀ½ããèªðÝá½ã½ãñª½ãá ý Ì¾ã¹ãñ¦ã¼ããè: ¹ãÆãè¦ã½ã¶ãã:
¹ãì¶ãÔ¦Ìãâ ¦ãªñÌã ½ãñ Àî¹ããä½ãªâ ¹ãÆ¹ãÎ¾ã ýý49ýý
½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãËã¼ãñâ ÑËãÜã (£ã¶¾ã¦ãã ½ãã¶ã, ‚ãã¶ãâª ½ãã¶ãî¶ã Üãñ) ý †ãä©ãâÞãñâ ¼ã¾ã ¶ãñÜã ¶ãñÜã ý Öñâ ÌããâÞãîãä¶ã
‚ã¶¾ã ÞããâØã ý ¶ã ½ã¶ããèâ ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ýý23ýý Öãâ Øãã Ôã½ãìªÆì ‚ã½ãð¦ããÞãã ¼ãÀËã ý ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÌãÔããâ¦ã ÌãÀ¹ã¡ã
•ããÖËã ý ½ãØã ‡ãŠãñ¥ããèÖãè ‚ãããä©ã ÌããñÔãâãä¡Ëã ý ºãìãä¡•ãõË ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã?ýý24ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè Ôããñ¶ã¾ããÞãã
¡ãñâØãÀì ý ¾ãñÔã¥ãã ¶ã ÞãËñ Öã ©ããñÀì ý †ñÔãñâ ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ãÌÖñÀì ý ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñâ Üã¡ñ?ýý25ýý ªõÌãñâ ãäÞãâ¦ãã½ããä¥ã
ËñƒÃ•ãñ ý ‡ãŠãèâ Öñâ ‚ããñ¢ãñâ ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã Ôããâãä¡•ãñ?ý ‡ãŠã½ã£ãñ¶ãì ªÌããä¡•ãñ ý ¶ã ¹ããñÔãÌãñ ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã?ýý26ýý
ÞãâªÆ½ãã ‚ãããäË¾ãã ÜãÀã ý ½Ö¥ãñ ãä¶ãØãñâ ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããñãäÔã „ºããÀã („Ó½ãã, ¦ãËŒããè) ý ¹ããä¡Ôãããä¾ã ¹ãããä¡¦ããñãäÔã
ãäª¶ã‡ãŠÀã ý ¹ãÀ¦ãã ÔãÀ ýý27ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ †ñÎÌã¾ãÃ Öñâ ½ãÖã¦ãñ•ã ý ‚ãããä•ã Öã¦ããâ ‚ããËñâ ‚ããÖñ ÔãÖ•ã ý ‡ãŠãèâ
†©ã ¦ãì•ã Øã•ãºã•ã ý Öãñ‚ããÌããè ‡ãŠãâ?ýý28ýý ¹ãÀãè ¶ãñ¥ãÔããèÞã ØããâÌããä¤¾ãã ý ‡ãŠã¾ã ‡ãŠãñ¹ããñâ ‚ãã¦ããâ
£ã¶ãâ•ã¾ãã ý ‚ããâØã Ôããâ¡ãñãä¶ã œã¾ãã ý ‚ãããäËâãäØã¦ããñãäÔã ½ãã?ýý29ýý Öñâ ¶ãÌÖñ •ããñ ½ããè ÔããÞãñâ ý †©ã
½ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã¾ããâ ‡ãŠãÞãñâ ý ¹ãÆñ½ã £ããäÀÔããè ‚ãÌãØããä¥ã¾ãñÞãñâ (ÔããñâØããÞãñâ, ãä½ã©¾ãã ÌãÔ¦ãîÞãñâ) ý Þã¦ãì¼ãìÃ•ã •ãñâ
ýý630ýý ¦ããäÀ ‚ã¢ãìãä¶ãÌãÀãè ¹ãã©ããÃ ý Ôããâ¡ãèâ Ôããâ¡ãèâ Öñ Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã ý ƒ¾ãñãäÌãÓã¾ããèâ ‚ããÔ©ãã ý ‡ãŠãäÀÔããè
¢ã¥ãñâ ýý31ýý Öñâ Àî¹ã •ãÀãè ÜããñÀ ý ãäÌã‡ãðŠ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ©ããñÀ ý ¦ãÀãè ‡ãðŠ¦ããä¶ãÎÞã¾ããÞãñâ ÜãÀ ý ÖñâãäÞã ‡ãŠÀãèâ
ýý32ýý ‡ãðŠ¹ã¥ã ãäÞã§ãÌãðãä§ã •ãõÔããè ý ÀãñâÌããñãä¶ã ÜããËãèâ ŸñÌã¾ãã¹ããÔããèâ ý ½ãØã ¶ãìÔã£ãñãä¶ã ªñÖñâÔããèâ ý ‚ãã¹ã¥ã
‚ãÔãñ ýý33ýý ‡ãŠãâ ‚ã•ãã¦ã¹ããäàã¾ãã (¹ãâŒã ¹ãìŠ›Ëñ ¶ããÖãèâ¦ã ‚ãÎãã ãä¹ãËã•ãÌãß) •ãÌãßã ý •ããèÌã ºãõÔãÌãîãä¶ã
‚ããäÌãÔããßãâ ý ¹ããäàã¥ããè ‚ãâ¦ãÀãßã- ý ½ãã•ããèâ •ãã¾ã ýý34ýý ¶ãã ¶ãã Øãã¾ã ÞãÀñ ¡ãñâØãÀãèâ ý ¹ããäÀ ãäÞã§ã
ºããâãä£ãËñâ Ìã¦Ôãñâ ÜãÀãèâ ý ¦ãõÔãñâ ¹ãÆñ½ã †ãä©ãâÞãñâ ‡ãŠÀãèâ ý Ô©ãã¶ã¹ã¦ããè ýý35ýý ¾ãñÀñâ ÌããäÀãäÞãËñãä¶ã ãäÞã§ãñâ ý
ºããÖ¿ã ÔãŒ¾ã ÔãìŒãã¹ãìÀ¦ãñâ ý ¼ããñãäØã•ããñ ‡ãŠãâ Ñããè½ãî¦ããèÃ¦ãñâ ý Þã¦ãì¼ãìÃ•ã ýý36ýý ¹ããäÀ ¹ãì¤¦ã¹ãì¤¦ããè ¹ããâ¡Ìãã
ý Öã †‡ãŠ ºããñËì ¶ã ãäÌãÔãÀãÌãã ý •ãñ ƒ¾ãñ Àî¹ããèâÖîãä¶ã Ôãªá¼ããÌãã ý ¶ãñªãÌãñâ ãä¶ãÜããñâ ýý37ýý Öñâ ‡ãŠÖãèâ
¶ãÌÖ¦ãñâãäÞã ªñãäŒãËñâ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ¼ã¾ã •ãñâ ¦ãì•ã „¹ã•ãËñâ ý ¦ãñâ Ôããâ¡ãèâ †©ã ÔãâÞãËñâ ý ‚ãÔããñ ªñ ¹ãÆñ½ã
ýý38ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ ‡ãŠÀâî ¦ãì•ã¾ããÔãããäÀŒãñâ ý †ñÔãñâ ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ãäÌãÎÌã¦ããñ½ãìŒãñâ (ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããè Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãã¶ãñâ) ý ¦ããäÀ
½ããØããèË Àî¹ã ÔãìŒãñâ ý ¶¾ããÖãßãèâ ¹ããâ ¦ãâî ýý39ýý
Ôãâ•ã¾ã „ÌããÞã: ƒ¦¾ã•ãìÃ¶ãâ ÌããÔãìªñÌãÔ¦ã©ããñ‡ã¦Ìãã ÔÌã‡ãâŠ Àì¹ãâ ªÎãÃ¾ãã½ããÔã ¼ãî¾ã: ý ‚ããÎÌããÔã¾ãã½ããÔã
Þã ¼ããè¦ã½ãñ¶ãâ ¼ãî¦Ìãã ¹ãì¶ã: Ôããõ½¾ãÌã¹ãì½ãÃÖã¦½ãã ýý50ýý
†ñÔãñâ Ìãã‡ã¾ã ºããñË¦ãŒãñâÌããñ ý ½ããØãì¦ãã ½ã¶ãìÓ¾ã •ããÖËã ªñÌããñ ý Öñâ ¶ãã ¹ããäÀ ¶ãÌãËãÌããñ ý ‚ããÌã¡ãèÞãã
ãä¦ã¾ãñ ýý640ýý Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ããäÞã ‡ãõŠÌãÊ¾ã (¹ãÀºãÆ½Ö) „Üã¡ñâ ý ÌããäÀ ÔãÌãÃÔÌã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãã¾ãñÌã¤ñâ ý Öã¦ããèâ
ãäª£ãËñâ ‡ãŠãèâ ¶ããÌã¡ñ ý ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãããäÔãâ ýý41ýý ÌãÔ¦ãì Üãñ…ãä¶ã Ìãããäß•ãñ ý •ãõÔãñâ À¦¶ãããäÔã ªîÓã¥ã ŸñãäÌã•ãñ ý
¶ãã¦ãÀãè ‡ãŠ¶¾ãã ¹ããÖîãä¶ã¾ãã ½Öãä¥ã•ãñ ý ½ã¶ãã ¶ã ¾ãñ Öñ ýý42ýý ¦ã¾ãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãã¾ãñÌã¤ãè ªÎãã ý
‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ ¹ãÆãè¦ããèÞãã Ìãã¤î ‡ãõŠÔãã ý ÎãñË ãäª£ãËãèÔãñ „¹ãªñÎãã ý ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãèãäÔãâ ªñÌãñâ ýý43ýý ½ããñ¡ãñãä¶ã
¼ããâØããÀãÞãã ÀÌãã ý Ëñ¥ãñâ Üããä¡Ëñâ ‚ãã¹ããäË¾ãã ÔãÌãã ý ½ãØã ¶ããÌã¡ñ •ãÀãè •ããèÌãã ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãããä›•ãñ ¹ãì¤¦ããè
ýý44ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ãäÎãÓ¾ãããäÞã¾ãñ ¹ãÆãè¦ããè •ããÖËñâ ý ‡ãðŠÓ¥ã¦Ìã Öãñ¦ãñâ ¦ãñâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã ‡ãñŠËñâ ý ¦ãñ ½ã¶ãã ¶ã¾ãñãäÞã
½ãØã ‚ãããä¥ãËñâ ý ‡ãðŠÓ¥ã¹ã¥ã ½ããØãì¦ãñâ ýý45ýý Öã ŸãÌãÌãÀãè ãäÎãÓ¾ããÞããè ãä¶ã‡ãŠÔããè ý ÔãÖã¦ãñâ (ÔãÖ¶ã
‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀñâ) ØãìÀì ‚ããÖã¦ããè ‡ãŠÌã¥ãñ ªñÎããèâ?ý ¹ãÀãè ¶ãñãä¥ã•ãñ ‚ããÌã¡ãè ‡ãõŠÎããè ý Ôãâ•ã¾ããñ ½Ö¥ãñ ýý46ýý ½ãØã

ãäÌãÎÌã Ì¾ãã¹ãîãä¶ã ¼ããñâÌã¦ãñâ ý •ãñâ ãäªÌ¾ã ¦ãñ•ã ¹ãÆØã›Ëñâ Öãñ¦ãñâ ý ¦ãñâãäÞã Ôãã½ããÌãËñâ ½ããØãì¦ãñâ ý ‡ãðŠÓ¥ãÀî¹ããèâ
¦ã¾ãñ ýý47ýý •ãõÔãñâ ¦Ìãâ¹ãª Öñâ ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý ¦ã¦¹ãªãèâ Ôãã½ããÌãñ ý ‚ã©ãÌãã ªÆì½ãã‡ãŠãÀì ÔããâŸÌãñ ý
ºããè•ã‡ãŠãä¥ã‡ãñŠ •ãñÌããèâ ýý48ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ÔÌã¹¶ãÔãâ¼ãÆ½ãì (ÔÌã¹¶ããÞãã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀ, Üããñâ›ãßã) •ãõÔãã ý ãäØãßãè ÞãñƒËãè
•ããèÌãªÎãã ý Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãñâ ¾ããñØãì Öã ¦ãõÔãã ý ÔãâÖããäÀËã ¦ããñ ýý49ýý •ãõÔããèâ ¹ãÆ¼ãã ÖãÀ¹ãËãè ãäºãâºããèâ ý ‡ãŠãèâ
•ãßªÔãâ¹ã§ããè ¶ã¼ããèâ ý ¶ãã¶ãã ¼ãÀ¦ãñâ ãäÔãâ£ãìØã¼ããèÃ ý ãäÀØããËñâ Àã¾ãã ýý650ýý Öãñ ‡ãŠãâ •ãñ
‡ãðŠÓ¥ã‡ãðŠ¦ããèãäÞã¾ãñ ½ããñ¡ãè ý Öãñ¦ããè ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã¹ã›ãÞããè Üã¡ãè ý ¦ãñ ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãããäÞã¾ãñ ‚ããÌã¡ãè ý „‡ãŠËîãä¶ã
ªããäÌãËãè ýý51ýý ¦ãâÌã ¹ããäÀ½ãã¥ãã (Ëãâºããè Àâîªãè Ìã ¹ããñ¦ã) ÀâØãì ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ªñãäŒãËñ ÔãããäÌã¾ãã ÞããâØãì ý ¦ãñ©ã
ØãÆãÖ‡ãŠãè¾ãñ ¶ãÌÖñãäÞã ËãØãì ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã Üã¡ãè ‡ãñŠËãè ¹ãì¤¦ããè ýý52ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ Ìãã¤ãèÞãñãä¶ã ºãÖìÌãÔã¹ã¥ãñâ ý
Àî¹ãñâ ãäÌãÎÌã ãä•ãâãä¦ãËñâ •ãñ¥ãñâ ý ¦ãñâ Ôããõ½¾ã ‡ãŠãñãä¡ÔãÌãã¥ãñâ (Øããñãä•ãÀÌãã¥ãñâ) ý Ôãã‡ãŠãÀ •ããÖËñâ ýý53ýý
ãä‡ãâŠºãÖì¶ãã ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãñâ ý £ããäÀËñâ £ãã‡ãìŠ›¹ã¥ã ½ããØãì¦ãñâ ý ¹ããäÀ ‚ããÎÌãããäÔãËñâ ¹ãã©ããÃ¦ãñâ ý ãäºãÖããäË¾ããÔããè
(¼¾ããËñÊ¾ããÔã) ýý54ýý •ããñ ÔÌã¹¶ããèâ ÔÌãØããÃ ØãñËã ý ¦ããñ ‚ãÌãÔããâ¦ã •ãõÔãã ÞãñƒËã ý ¦ãõÔãã ãäÌãÔ½ã¾ããñ
•ããÖËã ý ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãèÔããè ýý55ýý ¶ãã¦ãÀãè ØãìÀì‡ãðŠ¹ãñÔãÌãñâ ý ÌããñÔãÀËñ¾ãã (Ë¾ã ¹ããÌãÊ¾ããÌãÀ) ¹ãÆ¹ãâÞã—ãã¶ã
‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý Ô¹ãìŠÀñ ¦ã§Ìã ¦ãñÌããèâ ¹ããâ¡Ìãñâ ý Ñããè½ãîãä¦ãÃ ªñãäŒãËãè ýý56ýý ¦ã¾ãã ¹ããâ¡Ìãã †ñÔãñâ ãäÞã§ããèâ ý ‚ãã¡
ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããÞããè •ãÌããä¶ã‡ãŠã Öãñ¦ããè ý ¦ãñ ãä¹ãŠ›ãñãä¶ã ØãñËãè ¹ãÀãõ¦ããè ý Öñâ ¼ãËñâ •ããÖËñâ ýý57ýý ‡ãŠã¾ã
‡ãŠãßã¦ãñâ ãä•ã¥ããñãä¶ã ‚ããËã ý ‡ãŠãèâ ½ãÖãÌãã¦ãì ½ããØããâ Ôããâãä¡Ëã ý ‚ãã¹ãìãäË¾ãã ºããÖãèâ (ºããÖâî¶ããèâ) „¦ãÀËã ý
Ôãã¦ãÖãè ãäÔãâ£ãì ýý58ýý †ñÔãã Ôãâ¦ããñÓã ºãÖì ãäÞã§ãñâ ý Üãñƒ•ã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ¹ãâ¡ìÔãì¦ãñâ ý ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãã¹ããŸãèâ
‡ãðŠÓ¥ãã¦ãñâ ý ªñŒããñãä¶ã¾ããâ ýý59ýý ½ãØã Ôãî¾ããÃãäÞã¾ãã ‚ãÔ¦ã½ãã¶ããèâ ý ½ããØãì¦ããè ¦ããÀã „ØãÌã¦ããè ØãØã¶ããèâ ý
¦ãõÔãã ªñŒããñ ËãØãËã ‚ãÌã¶ããèâ ý Ëãñ‡ãŠãâÔããäÖ¦ã ýý660ýý ¹ããÖñ ¦ãâÌã ¦ãñâãäÞã ‡ãìŠÀìàãñ¨ã ý ¦ãõÔãñâãäÞã ªñŒãñ
ªãñÖãèâ ¼ããØããèâ Øããñ¨ã ý ÌããèÀ ÌãÓãÃ¦ãããä¦ã ÎãÔ¨ããÔ¨ã ý ÔãâÜãã›ÌãÀãè ýý61ýý ¦ã¾ãã ºãã¥ããâãäÞã¾ãã
½ããâ¡Ìãã‚ããâ¦ãì ý ¦ãõÔãããäÞã À©ãì ªñŒãñ ãä¶ãÌããâ¦ãì (ãäÔ©ãÀ, •ããØãÞ¾ãã •ããØããèâ) ý £ãìÀñ ºãõÔãËã Ëà½ããè‡ãŠãâ¦ãì ý
‚ãã¹ã¥ã ¦ãßãèâ ýý62ýý
‚ã•ãìÃ¶ã „ÌããÞã : ªðÓ›áÌãñªâ ½ãã¶ãìÓãâ Àî¹ãâ ¦ãÌã Ôããõ½¾ã •ã¶ããªÃ¶ã ý ƒªã¶ããè½ããäÔ½ã ÔãâÌãð§ã: ÔãÞãñ¦ãã:
¹ãÆ‡ãðŠãä¦ãâ Øã¦ã: ýý51ýý
†Ìãâ ½ããØããèË •ãõÔãñâ ¦ãõÔãñâ ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ªñãäŒãËñâ ÌããèÀãäÌãËãÔãñâ ý ½ãØã ½Ö¥ãñ ãä•ã¾ããËãñâ †ñÔãñâ ý •ããÖËñâ ‚ãã¦ããâ
ýý63ýý ºãì£ªãè¦ãñâ Ôããâ¡ãñãä¶ã —ãã¶ã ý ¼ãñ¥ãñâ ÌãßÜãËñâ (Ìãñ£ãËñâ, ãäÎãÀËñâ) Àã¶ã ý ‚ãÖâ‡ãŠãÀñâÔããèâ ½ã¶ã ý
ªñÎã£ã¡ãè •ããÖËñâ ýý64ýý ƒâãäªÆ¾ãñâ ¹ãÆÌãð§ããè ¼ãìËËãèâ ý ÌããÞãã ¹ãÆã¥ãã Þãì‡ãŠËãè ý †ñÔãñâ ‚ãã¹ããâ¹ãÀãè Öãñ¦ããè
•ããËãè ý ÎãÀãèÀØãÆã½ããèâ ýý65ýý ãä¦ã¾ãñâ ‚ããÜãÌããèâãäÞã ½ããØãì¦ããèâ ý ãä•ãÌãâ¦ã ¼ãñ›Ëãèâ ¹ãÆ‡ãðŠ¦ããè ý ‚ãã¦ããâ
ãä•ã¦ãã¥ãñâ (•ããèÌã¶ã) Ñããè½ãî¦ããèÃ ý •ããÖËñâ ãä¾ã¾ããâ ýý66ýý †ñÔãñâ ÔãìŒã •ããèÌããèâ Üãñ¦ãËñâ ý ½ãØã Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãã¦ãñâ
½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ý ãä½ã¾ããâ ¦ãì½ãÞãñ Àî¹ã ªñãäŒãËñâ ý ½ãã¶ãìÓã Öñâ ýý67ýý Öñâ Àî¹ã ªãŒãÌã¥ãñâ ªñÌãÀã¾ãã ý ‡ãŠãèâ ½ã•ã
‚ã¹ã¦¾ãã Þãì‡ãŠãäË¾ãã ý ºãì¢ããÌããñãä¶ã ¦ãìÌããâ ½ãã¾ãã ý Ô¦ã¶ã¹ãã¶ã ãäª£ãËñâ ýý68ýý •ããè ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãããäÞã¾ãã
ÔããØãÀãèâ ý Öãñ¦ããñâ ¦ãÀâØã ½ããäÌã¦ã ÌããâÌãñÌãÀãè ý ¦ããñ ƒ¾ãñ ãä¶ã•ã½ãî¦ããèÃÞ¾ãã ¦ããèÀãèâ ý ãä¶ãØããËãñâ ‚ãã¦ããâ
ýý69ýý ‚ããƒ‡ãñâŠ ÌªãÀ‡ãŠã¹ãìÀÔãìÖã¡ã (ÔãìÖ¡=ãä½ã¨ã = Ôãì×ª) ý ½ã•ã Ôãì‡ãŠãä¦ã¾ãã•ããè ¢ãã¡ã ý Öñ ¼ãñ›ãè
¶ãÌÖñ ºãÖì¡ã ý ½ãñÜããÞãã ‡ãñŠËã ýý670ýý •ããè ÔãããäÌã¾ãããäÞã ¦ãðÓãã ¹ãìŠ›Ëã ý ¦ã¾ãã ½ã•ã ‚ã½ãð¦ããäÔãâ£ãì Öã
¼ãñ›Ëã ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ãä•ã¥ã¾ããÞãã (‚ãã¾ãìÓ¾ããÞãã) •ããÖËã ý ¼ãÀâÌãÔãã ½ã•ã ýý71ýý ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ×ª¾ãÀâØã¥ããèâ ý
Öãñ¦ããÖñ ÖãäÀŒãË¦ããâÞããèâ ËãÌã¥ããè ý ÔãìŒãñâÔããèâ ºãì¢ããÌã¥ããè ý •ããÖËãè ½ã•ã ýý72ýý
Ñããè¼ãØãÌãã¶ãìÌããÞã : ÔãìªìªÃÎãÃãä½ãªâ Àì¹ãâ ªðÓ›Ìãã¶ããäÔã ¾ã¶½ã½ã ý ªñÌãã ‚ã¹¾ãÔ¾ã Àì¹ãÔ¾ã ãä¶ã¦¾ãâ
ªÎãÃ¶ã‡ãŠãÝáãäàã¥ã: ýý52ýý
¾ã¾ãã ¹ãã©ããÃãäÞã¾ãã ºããñËãÔãÌãñâ ý Öñâ ‡ãŠã¾ã ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ªñÌãñâ ý ¦ãìÌããâ ¹ãÆñ½ã ŸñÌãîãä¶ã ¾ããÌãñâ ý ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããèâ ‡ãŠãèâ
ýý73ýý ½ãØã ƒ¾ãñ Ñããè½ãî¦ããèÃ ý ¼ãñ›ãÌãñ Ôããä¡¾ãã ‚ãã¾ã¦ããè ý ¦ãñ ãäÎã‡ãŠÌã¥ã Ôãì¼ãªÆã¹ã¦ããè ý ãäÌãÔãÀËããäÔã
½ãã ýý74ýý ‚ãØãã ‚ããâ£ããäß¾ãã ‚ã•ãìÃ¶ãã ý Öã¦ãã ‚ãããäË¾ãã ½ãñÀìÖãè Öãñ¾ã Ôãã¶ãã ý †ñÔãã ‚ãã©ããè ½ã¶ãã ý
Þãì‡ãŠãèÞãã ¼ããÌããñ ýý75ýý ¦ãÀãè ãäÌãÎÌãã¦½ã‡ãŠ Àî¹ã¡ñâ ý •ãñâ ªããäÌãËñâ ‚ãã½Öãèâ ¦ãì•ã¹ãì¤ñâ ý ¦ãñâ Îãâ¼ãîÖãè ¹ããäÀ
¶ã •ããñ¡ñ ý ¦ã¹ãñâ ‡ãŠãäÀ¦ããâ ýý76ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãÓ›ãâØãããäªÔãâ‡ãŠ›ãèâ ý ¾ããñØããè ãäÎã¥ã¦ãã¦ããè ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý ¹ããäÀ
‚ãÌãÔãÀì ¶ããÖãèâ ¼ãñ›ãè ý •ã¾ãããäÞã¾ãñ ýý77ýý ¦ãñâ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ã †‡ãŠãªñ Ìãñß ý ‡ãõŠÔãñãä¶ã ªñŒããñâ ‚ãßì½ããß ý
†ñÔãñâ Ô½ãÀ¦ããâ ‡ãŠãß ý •ãã¦ãÔãñ ªñÌããñ ýý78ýý ‚ããÎãñãäÞã¾ãñ ‚ãâ•ãìßãè ý Ÿñ…ãä¶ã ×ª¾ãããäÞã¾ãã ãä¶ã¡ßãèâ ý
Þãã¦ã‡ãŠ ãä¶ãÀãßãèâ ý ËãØãËñâ •ãõÔãñâ ýý79ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ „¦‡ãâŠŸããä¶ã¼ãÃÀ („¦Ôãì‡ãŠ) ý Öãñ„ãä¶ã¾ããâ ÔãìÀÌãÀ ý
Üããñ‡ãŠãè¦ã ‚ããŸÖãè ¹ããÖãÀ ý ¼ãñ›ãè •ã¾ããÞããè ýý680ýý ¹ããäÀ ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããÔãããäÀŒãñâ ý ÔÌã¹¶ããèâÖãè ‡ãŠãñ¥Öãè ¶ã
ªñŒãñâ ý ¦ãñâ ¹ãÆ¦¾ãàã ¦ãìÌããâ ÔãìŒãñâ ý ªñãäŒãËñâ Öñâ ýý81ýý
¶ããÖâ Ìãñªõ¶ãÃ ¦ã¹ãÔãã ¶ã ªã¶ãñ¶ã ¶ã Þãñ•¾ã¾ãã ý Îã‡ã¾ã †ÌãâãäÌã£ããñ ªÆÓ›ìâ ªðÓ›Ìãã¶ããäÔã ½ããâ ¾ã©ãã ýý53ýý
¹ãõâ „¹ãã¾ããâãäÔã Ìãã›ã ý ¶ã ÌããÖ¦ããè †©ã Ôãì¼ã›ã ý ÔããÖãèÔããäÖ¦ã (ÞããÀãè Ìãñªãâ¶ããèâ ÔãÖã ÎããÔ¨ããâÔãÖ ÌããñÖ›ã=½ããÜããÀ
Üãñ¦ãËãè) ÌããñÖ›ã ý ÌãããäÖËã Ìãñªãèâ ýý82ýý ½ã•ã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ãããäÞã¾ãã ½ããñÖÀã ý ÞããËãÌã¾ãã £ã¶ãì£ãÃÀã ý
¦ã¹ããâãäÞã¾ãã Ôãâ¼ããÀã ý ¶ãÌÖñãäÞã ËãØãì ýý83ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ªã¶ãããäª ‡ãŠãèÀ ‡ãŠã¶ã¡ñâ ý ½ããè ¾ã—ããèâÖãè ¦ãõÔãã ¶ã
Ôããâ¹ã¡ñâ ý •ãõÔãñãä¶ã ‡ãŠãâ ÔãìÀÌãã¡ñâ ý ªñãäŒãËã ¦ãìÌããâ ýý84ýý ¦ãõÔãã ½ããè †‡ãŠãèãäÞã ¹ãÀãè ý ‚ããâ¦ãì¡ñâ Øãã
‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý •ãÀãè ¼ããä§ãŠ ¾ãñ„ãä¶ã ÌãÀãè ý ãäÞã§ãã¦ãñâ Øãã ýý85ýý
¼ã‡ã¦¾ãã ¦Ìã¶ã¶¾ã¾ãã Îã‡ã¾ã ‚ãÖ½ãñÌãâãäÌã£ããñç•ãìÃ¶ã ý —ãã¦ãìâ ªÆÓ›ìâ Þã ¦ã§Ìãñ¶ã ¹ãÆÌãñÓ›ìâ Þã ¹ãÀâ¦ã¹ã ýý54ýý
¹ããäÀ ¦ãñãäÞã ¼ããä§ãŠ †ñÔããè ý ¹ã•ãÃ¶¾ããÞããè Ôãìãä›‡ãŠã (£ããÀ, ÌãðÓ›ãè) •ãõÔããè ý £ãÀãÌããâÞãîãä¶ã ‚ã¶ãããäÀÔããè ý
Øã¦ããèãäÞã ¶ãñ¥ãñâ ýý86ýý ‡ãŠãâ Ôã‡ãŠß •ãßÔãâ¹ã§ããè ý Üãñ…ãä¶ã Ôã½ãìªÆã¦ãñâ ãäØãâÌããäÔã¦ããè ý ØãâØãã •ãõÔããè
‚ã¶ã¶¾ãØã¦ããè ý ãä½ãßãËãèãäÞã ãä½ãßñ ýý87ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ÔãÌãÃ¼ããÌãÔãâ¼ããÀñâ ý ¶ã £ãÀ¦ã ¹ãÆñ½ã †‡ãŠÔãÀñâ ý
½ã•ã½ãã•ããèâ ÔãâÞãÀñâ ý ½ããèãäÞã Öãñ…ãä¶ã ýý88ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ¦ãñÌããèâãäÞã ½ããè †ñÔãã ý ©ããä¡¾ãñ ½ãã¢ããÀãèâ ÔããäÀÔãã
(‡ãŠãâŸãÎããèâ ‚ãããä¥ã ½ã£¾ãñâ ÔããÀŒãã) ý àããèÀããäº£ã ‡ãŠãâ •ãõÔãã ý àããèÀãÞãããäÞã ýý89ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ½ã•ãËãØãìãä¶ã
½ãâìØããèÌãÀãè ý ãä‡ãâŠºãÖì¶ãã ÞãÀãÞãÀãèâ ý ¼ã•ã¶ãããäÔã ‡ãŠãâ ªìÔãÀãè ý ¹ãÀãèãäÞã ¶ããÖãèâ ýý690ýý ¦ã¾ãããäÞã
àã¥ããÔãÌãñâ ý †ÌãâãäÌã£ã ½ããè •ãã¥ããÌãñâ ý •ãããä¥ã¦ãËã ¦ãÀãè ÔÌã¼ããÌãñâ ý ªðÓ› Öãè Öãñ¾ã ýý91ýý ½ãØã
ƒâ£ã¶ããèâ ‚ããäØ¶ã „ªáªãè¹ãñ ý ‚ãããä¥ã ƒâ£ã¶ã Öñ ¼ããÓã ÖãÀ¹ãñ ý ¦ãñâ ‚ããäØ¶ããäÞã Öãñ…ãä¶ã ‚ããÀãñ¹ãñ ý ½ãî¦ãÃ •ãñÌããèâ
ýý92ýý ‡ãŠãâ „ª¾ã ¶ã ‡ãŠãè•ãñ ¦ãñ•ãã‡ãŠãÀñâ (Ôãî¾ãÃ Ìã ÞãâªÆ ¾ããâ¶ããèâ) ý ¦ãâÌã ØãØã¶ããäÞã Öãñ…ãä¶ã ‚ãÔãñ ‚ããâ£ããÀñâ ý
½ãØã „ªƒÃãäË¾ããâ †‡ãŠÔãÀñâ ý ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÎãì Öãñ¾ã ýý93ýý ¦ãõÔãñâ ½ãããä¢ã¾ãñ Ôããàãã¦‡ãŠãÀãèâ ý ÔãÀñ ‚ãÖâ‡ãŠãÀãÞããè
ÌããÀãè ý ‚ãÖâ‡ãŠãÀËãñ¹ããèâ ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý Ìªõ¦ã •ãã¾ã ýý94ýý ½ãØã ½ããè ¦ããñ Öñâ ‚ããÜãÌãñâ ý †‡ãŠ ½ããèãäÞã ‚ãã©ããè
ÔÌã¼ããÌãñâ ý ãä‡ãâŠºãÖì¶ãã Ôãã½ããÌãñ ý Ôã½ãÀÔãñâ ¦ããñ ýý95ýý
½ã¦‡ãŠ½ãÃ‡ãðŠ¶½ã¦¹ãÀ½ããñ ½ãªá¼ã§ãŠ: ÔãâØãÌããä•ãÃ¦ã: ý ãä¶ãÌãõÃÀ ÔãÌãÃ¼ãî¦ãñÓãì ¾ã: Ôã ½ãã½ãñãä¦ã ¹ãã¥¡Ìã ýý55ýý
ƒãä¦ã Ñããè½ãªá¼ãØãÌãªáØããè¦ããÔãì „¹ããä¶ãÓã¦Ôãì ºãÆ½ÖãäÌãª¿ãã¾ããâ ¾ããñØãÎããÔ¨ãñ Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãã•ãìÃ¶ãÔãâÌããªñ
ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØããñ ¶ãã½ã †‡ãŠãªÎããñç£¾ãã¾ã: ýý11ýý
•ããñ ½ã•ããäÞã †‡ãŠËãØããèâ ý ‡ãŠ½ãñÃ ÌããÖã¦ãÔãñ ‚ããâØããèâ ý •ã¾ãã ½ã•ãÌããâÞããñãä¶ã •ãØããèâ ý Øããñ½ã›ñâ ¶ããÖãèâ
ýý96ýý ªðÓ›ãªðÓ› Ôã‡ãŠß ý •ã¾ããÞãñâ ½ããèãäÞã ‡ãñŠÌãß ý •ãñ¥ãñâ ãä•ã¥ã¾ããÞãñâ ¹ãŠß ý ½ã•ããäÞã ¶ãã½ã
ŸñãäÌãËñâ ýý97ýý ½ãØã ¼ãî¦ãñâ Öñ ¼ããÓã ãäÌãÔãÀËã ý •ãñ ãäªŸãè ½ããèãäÞã ‚ããÖñâ ÔãîªËã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ãä¶ãÌãõÃÀ
•ããÖËã ý ÔãÌãÃ¨ã ¼ã•ãñ ýý98ýý †ñÔãã •ããñ ¼ã§ãìŠ Öãñ¾ãñ ý ¦ã¾ããÞãñâ ãä¨ã£ãã¦ãì‡ãŠ Öñâ •ãõâ •ãã¾ãñ ý ¦ãõâ ½ããèãäÞã
Öãñ…ãä¶ã Ÿã¾ãñâ ý ¹ããâ¡Ìãã Øãã ýý99ýý †ñÔãñâ •ãØãªìªÀªãñâãäªËñâ ý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ‡ãŠÀì¥ããÀÔãÀÔããßñâ
(‡ãŠÀì¥ããÀÔã¾ãì§ãŠ Ìãã¥ããè¶ãñâ) ý Ôãâ•ã¾ããñ ½Ö¥ãñ ºããñãäËËñâ ý Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ãªñÌãñâ ýý700ýý ¾ã¾ããÌãÀãè ¦ããñ ¹ãâ¡ì‡ãìŠ½ãÀì ý
•ããÖËã ‚ãã¶ãâªÔãâ¹ãªã ©ããñÀì ý ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãðŠÓ¥ãÞãÀ¥ãÞã¦ãìÀì ý †‡ãŠ ¦ããñ •ãØããèâ ýý1ýý ¦ãñ¥ãñâ ªñÌãããäÞã¾ãã
ªãñ¶ãÖãè ½ãî¦ããèÃ ý ãä¶ããä‡ãŠ¾ãã ¶¾ããÖããäßãäË¾ãã ãäÞã§ããèâ ý ¦ãâÌã ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããÖîãä¶ã ‡ãðŠÓ¥ãã‡ãðŠ¦ããèâ ý ªñãäŒãËã
Ëã¼ãì ýý2ýý ¹ããäÀ ¦ã¾ãããäÞã¾ãñ •ãããä¥ãÌãñ (Ôã½ã•ãì¦ããèâ¦ã) ý ½ãã¶ãì ¶ã ‡ãŠãè•ãñãäÞã ªñÌãñâ ý •ãñ Ì¾ãã¹ã‡ãŠãÖîãä¶ã ¶ãÌÖñ
ý †‡ãŠªñÎããè ýý3ýý ÖñâãäÞã Ôã½ã©ããÃÌã¾ããËãØããèâ ý †‡ãŠ ªãñ¶ã ÞããâØããè ý „¹ã¹ã§ããè ÎããÀâØããè ý ªããäÌã¦ãã
•ããÖËã ýý4ýý ãä¦ã¾ãã †ñ‡ãŠãñãä¶ã Ôãì¼ãªÆã‡ãŠãâ¦ãì ý ãäÞã§ããèâ ‚ããÖñ ½Ö¥ã¦ãì ý ¦ããäÀ Öãñ¾ã ºãÀÌãñâ ªãñ¶Öãè ‚ããâ¦ãì
ý ¦ãñâ ¹ãì¤¦ããè ¹ãìÔããñâ ýý5ýý †ñÔãã ‚ããËãñÞãì ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã •ããèÌããèâ ý ‚ãã¦ããâ ¹ãìÔã¦ããè Ìããñ•ã ºãÀÌããè ý ‚ããªÀãèË ¦ãñ
¹ããäÀÔããÌããè ý ¹ãì¤ñ ‡ãŠ©ãã ýý6ýý ¹ãÆãâ•ãß ‚ããñâÌããè¹ãÆºãâ£ãñâ ý ØããñÓ›ãè ÔããâãäØã•ãñË ãäÌã¶ããñªñâ ý ¦ãñâ ¹ããäÀÔãã
‚ãã¶ãâªñâ ý —ãã¶ãªñÌããñ ½Ö¥ãñ ýý7ýý ¼ãÀãñãä¶ã Ôãªá¼ããÌããÞããè ‚ãâ•ãìßãè ý ãä½ã¾ããâ ÌããñâãäÌã¾ãã¹ãìŠËñâ ½ããñ‡ãŠßãèâ ý
‚ããä¹ãÃËãèâ ‚ãâãäÜãÆ¾ãìØãËãèâ ý ãäÌãÎÌãÀî¹ããÞ¾ãã ýý708ýý
ƒãä¦ã Ñããè—ãã¶ãªñÌããäÌãÀãäÞã¦ãã¾ããâ ¼ããÌãã©ãÃªãèãä¹ã‡ãŠã¾ããâ †‡ãŠãªÎããñç£¾ãã¾ã: ýý11ýý

Ad 11

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Ad 11

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

ýý Ñããèýý

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 1

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 2

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 3

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 8

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 14

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 15

Àî¹ãâ ½ãÖ§ãñ ºãÖìÌã‡ã¨ã¶ãñ¨ãâ ½ãÖãºããÖãñ ºãÖìºããÖîÀì¹ããª½ãá ý ºãÖîªÀâ ºãÖìªâÓ›È‡ãŠÀãËâ ªðÓ›áÌãã Ëãñ‡ãŠã:

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 21

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 22

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 23

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 24

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 27

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 28

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 32

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 11Ìãã ãäÌãÎÌãÀì¹ãªÎãÃ¶ã¾ããñØã 35

También podría gustarte