Chapter 11 DESIGN OF COLUMN

The design of column involves determining the percentage of steel, calculation of

number and diameter of bars, pitch and lateral ties. Among the required several
design of columns a sample design is illustrated below.

10.1 Sample Design of Column

Member No. 445 [illustrated on idealization of frame]

Design constants:

fy = 415N/mm2

fck =25N/mm2

Column Size =450mm×450mm

Load combination:[1.2×DL+1.2LL+1.2EQX]

Design Data:

pu = 2069.135KN

Mux =11.983KNm

Muz = 156.357KNm

As per clause 25.1.3,IS 458-2000

Unsupported length =3048-300 =2746mm

As per IS 456-2000, Check for short OR long column

Lex/D and Lex/d <12 ≫ for short column

Lex/D and Lex/d >12 ≫ for long column

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Then,
2746
Lex/D = =6.102 <12
450

2746
Lex/b = = 6.102 <12
450

Thus the column is short in both the direction.

Let us assume the percentage of steel (p)

P =3%
𝑝 3
= = 0.12
𝑓𝑐𝑘 25

Minimum eccentricity (emin)

ex-min = L/500+D/30 =2746/500+450/30

=20.492mm =2.0492cm >2

OK.

ez-min =L/500+D/30 =2746/500+450/30

=20.492mm =2.0492cm >2

OK.

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Moment due to eccentricity

Mex = Pu× eY-min =2069.135×2.049/100

=42.39 KNm

Mez = Pu× ez-min =42.39 KNm

Therefore, choosing the largest value of moment from above moment

Mux =42.39KNm

Muz = 156.35KNm

Let the effective clear depth d’= 50

d’/d =50/450 = 0.11

Als

Pu/fck×b×D =2069.135×10^3/(25×450×450) =0.408

P/ fck =3/25 =0.12

From SP-16,

Mux1/fck×b×D2 = 0.13

Mux1 = 0.13×25×450×4502 = 296.156KNm

Similarly,

Muz1 = 0.13×25×450×4502 = 296.156KNm

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As per clause 39.6,IS 456-2000

Puz = 0.45×fck×Ac+0.75×fy×Asc

But , Ag = Ac+Asc
3
450×450 = Ac+ × 450 × 450
100

Ac =196425mm2

Asc =6075mm2

Puz =0.45×25×196425+0.75×415×6075 = 4100.625KN

Then,

Pu/Puz =2069.135/4100.625 = 0.505

By using SP-16 to find the value of αn an exponent whose value dependsupon

Pu/Puz from table

Pu/Puz αn

≤ 0.2 1

≥ 0.8 2

By interpolation,

αn = 1.508

The resistance of a member subjected to axial force and biaxial bending moment
shall be obtained on the basis of assumption given in 39.1 and 39.2 with the neutral
axis so chosen to satisfy the equilibrium of load moments above two axes.
Alternatively such members may be design by the following equation:

61
 [Mux/Mux1]αn+[Muz/Muz1]αn≤ 1.0

[42.39/296.156]1.508+[ 156.35/296.156]1.508≤ 1.0

0.435≤ 1.0 Hence OK.

Load combination Pu Mux Muz Col. P p/fck pu/fck Mu/fck Mux αn C<
Size ( ×b×D ×b×D =Muz Pu /P 1
2
% uz
)
1.5DL+1.5LL 1842.03 7.725 3.19 450 3 0.12 0.36 0.135 307. 0.4 1.4 0.1
54 4 <
Ok
1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2EQX 2069.14 8.535 336.96 450 3 0.12 0.4 0.125 284. 0.5 1.1 0.9
765 5 5<
Ok
1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2EQX 1465.22 263.761 2.519 450 3 0.12 0.289 0.135 307. 0.35 1.2 0.8
54 5 7<
Ok
1.2DL+1.2LL-1.2EQX 878.109 3.825 332.13 450 3 0.12 0.173 0.155 353. 0.71 1.0 0.9
105 1 9<
Ok
1.2DL+1.2LL-1.2EQX 1482.03 251.4 2.311 450 3 0.12 0.293 0.142 323. 0.36 1.2 0.7
493 6 <
Ok
1.5DL+1.5EQX 1935.48 9.017 423.52 450 3 0.12 0.38 0.130 296. 0.47 1.4 Ok
156 5
1.5DL+1.5EQX 1180.58 328.049 5.471 450 3 0.12 0.23 0.150 341. 0.28 1.1 Ok
718 3
1.5DL-1.5EQX 446.692 3.13 412.83 450 3 0.12 0.08 0.150 341. 0.1 0.8 Ok
5 718 3
1.5DL-1.5EQX 1201.59 315.902 5.21 450 3 0.12 0.237 0.150 341. 0.25 1.1 0.9
718 5 6<
Ok
0.9DL+1.5EQX 1459.04 6.588 421.38 450 3 0.12 0.288 0.145 330. 0.35 1.2 Ok
328 5
0.9DL+1.5EQZ 704.s143 325.62 3.335 450 3 0.12 0.139 0.150 341. 0.17 0.9 Ok

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 718 5
0.9DL-1.5EQX 29.471 0.7 414.97 450 3 0.12 0.005 0.150 341. 0.00 0.6 Ok
1 718 7 7
0.9DL-1.5EQZ 725.15 318.332 725.15 450 3 0.12 0.15 0.155 341. 0.17 0.9 Ok
718 5

Here,from the above observations / calculations, the critical load for the column is
the load combination no.6,i.e

Therefore, area of reinforcement (Ast) = 3%×450×450 = 6075mm2 = 60.75 cm2

Use 12-25mm dia. bars giving total area equal to 63.81 cm2>60.75cm2

Design of transverse reinforcement:

As per IS456-2000, clause 26.5.3.2

Dia. of lateral ties should not be less then

𝑑𝑖𝑎.𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟 20
1. ≤ ≤ ≤ 5mm
4 5

2. Not less then 6mm

So provide lateral ties of 8mm.

Spacing(x) of lateral ties should not be exceed the following :

1.least lateral dimension of the compression member. = 450mm

2. sixteen times the smallest dia. of the longitudinal reinforcement to be tied.

=16×25 = 400mm

3. ≥ 300mm

So provide 8mm dia.@ 300mm c/c

63