Simple Fuzzy

de
e NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM POB

NEB NEB NEB NEB NEB NEM NES ZE

NEM NEB NEB NEB NEM NES ZE POS

NES NEB NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM

ZE NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM POB

POS NEM NES ZE POS POM POB POB

POM NES ZE POS POM POB POB POB

POB ZE POS POM POB POB POB POB

Hybrid new

de
e NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM POB

NEB NEB NEB NEB NES NEM NES ZE

NEM NEB NEB NES NEM NES ZE POS

NES NEB NES NEM NES ZE POS POM

ZE NES NEM NES ZE POS POM POM

POS NEM NES ZE POS POM POM POB

POM NES ZE POS POM POM POB POB

POB ZE POS POM POM POB POB POB

 Ffirefly new

de
e NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM POB

NEB POM POM POM POS POS POS ZE

NEM POM POM POS POS POS ZE ZE

NES POM POS POS POS ZE ZE ZE

ZE POM POS POS ZE ZE ZE NES

POS POS POS ZE ZE ZE NES NES

POM POS ZE ZE ZE NES NES NES

POB ZE ZE ZE ZE NES NES NES

Pso new

de
e NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM POB

NEB NEM NEM NEM NEM NES ZE POS

NEM NEM NEM NEM NES ZE ZE POS

NES NEM NEM NES ZE ZE POS POM

ZE NEM NES ZE ZE POS POM POM

POS NES ZE ZE POS POM POM POB

POM ZE ZE POS POM POM POB POB

POB ZE POS POM POM POB POB POB

 Fuzzy hybrid Second old

de
e NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM POB

NEB ZE NES NEM ZE NEM NEB POM

NEM POM NEB NEB ZE ZE NEB POM

NES NEM ZE POS NEB POS NEM NEB

ZE ZE NEM NEM ZE NES POS POB

POS POS NEB ZE POM NEM POS POB

POM NEB NEM POS POB POM NEB POB

POB POS NEM ZE NEM NEB POB POB

DSTATCOM Design

The principle of the DSTATCOM is to terminate load harmonics provided to the

supply. DSTATCOM is a FACTS device which is attached in parallel to the system. It can
take up or produce reactive power and it is a controlled reactive power source. The major
building blocks of DSTATCOM are DC energy storage device, coupling transformer,
Voltage Source Converter (VSC) and essential control circuits. The effect of voltage sag can
be regulated by using DSTATCOM. It is a power electronics based device and the inertia
effect due to mechanical elements is not present in it. The amplitude of the DSTATCOM
voltage is regulated to maintain the quantity of reactive power supplied to the respective
system. The combination of DSTATCOM is three phase, in parallel to the network and the
load. It act as current sources, coupled in parallel with the nonlinear load, producing the
harmonic currents the load needs also poise them in addition to supplying reactive power. In
order to reimburse unwanted components of the load current DSTATCOM inserts currents
into the point of common coupling. With a suitable control scheme, it is also achievable to
adjust the power factor and unbalanced loads. This theory is appropriate to any kind of load
measured a harmonic source. Its benefit is that it of carries only the compensation current in
addition to a little amount of dynamic primary current supplied to compensate for system
losses. Shunt active power filter in current managing form is also called as DSTATCOM.

Rule Base Design

Fuzzy Logic uses rules with antecedents and consequents to obtain outputs
from inputs. The antecedents are the inputs that are included in the decision-making activity
or the “IF” parts of the different rules. The consequents are the results of the rules or the
‘THEN’ parts. The rule base consists of a premise (i.e. system behaviour) and the related
consequent (i.e. the action to be taken in order to implement adequate system control under
the observed system behaviour) used in an ‘if premise then consequent’ format. The general
format of a fuzzy logic rule is like

‘If input1 is (some value) and input 2 is (some value) the output is (some value)’

The rule base of the fuzzy logic controller used in this thesis is given in the table below
 de
e NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM POB

NEB NEB NEB NEB NEB NEM NES ZE

NEM NEB NEB NEB NEM NES ZE POS

NES NEB NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM

ZE NEB NEM NES ZE POS POM POB

POS NEM NES ZE POS POM POB POB

POM NES ZE POS POM POB POB POB

POB ZE POS POM POB POB POB POB

From the rule base table we can see that we have 49 rules in total. The rules can be expanded
as

Rule 1: If error is Negative Big and change in error is Negative Big then control signal is
Negative Big

Rule 2: If error is Negative Medium and change in error is Negative Big then control signal is
Negative Big

Rule 3: If error is Negative Small and change in error is Negative Big then control signal is
Negative Big

Rule 4: If error is Zero and change in error is Negative Big then control signal is Negative
Big

Rule 5: If error is Positive Small and change in error is Negative Big then control signal is
Negative Medium

Rule 6: If error is Positive Medium and change in error is Negative Big then control signal is
Negative Small

Rule 7: If error is Positive Big and change in error is Negative Big then control signal is Zero
Rule 8: If error is Negative Big and change in error is Negative Medium then control signal is
Negative Big

Rule 9: If error is Negative Medium and change in error is Negative Medium then control
signal is Negative Big

Rule 10: If error is Negative Small and change in error is Negative Medium then control
signal is Negative Big

Rule 11: If error is Zero and change in error is Negative Medium then control signal is
Negative Medium

Rule 12: If error is Positive Small and change in error is Negative Medium then control signal
is Negative Small

Rule 13: If error is Positive Medium and change in error is Negative Medium then control
signal is Zero

Rule 14: If error is Positive Big and change in error is Negative Medium then control signal
is Positive Small

Rule 15: If error is Negative Big and change in error is Negative Small then control signal is
Negative Big

Rule 16: If error is Negative Medium and change in error is Negative Small then control
signal is Negative Big

Rule 17: If error is Negative Small and change in error is Negative Small then control signal
is Negative Medium

Rule 18: If error is Zero and change in error is Negative Small then control signal is Negative
Small

Rule 19: If error is Positive Small and change in error is Negative Small then control signal is
Zero

Rule 20: If error is Positive Medium and change in error is Negative Small then control signal
is Positive Small
Rule 21: If error is Positive Big and change in error is Negative Small then control signal is
Negative Medium

Rule 22: If error is Negative Big and change in error is Zero then control signal is Negative
Big

Rule 23: If error is Negative Medium and change in error is Zero then control signal is
Negative Medium

Rule 24: If error is Negative Small and change in error is Zero then control signal is Negative
Small

Rule 25: If error is Zero and change in error is Zero then control signal is Zero

Rule 26: If error is Positive Small and change in error is Zero then control signal is Positive
Small

Rule 27: If error is Positive Medium and change in error is Zero then control signal is
Positive Medium

Rule 28: If error is Positive Big and change in error is Zero then control signal is Positive Big

Rule 29: If error is Negative Big and change in error is Positive Small then control signal is
Negative Medium

Rule 30: If error is Negative Medium and change in error is Positive Small then control signal
is Negative Small

Rule 31: If error is Negative Small and change in error is Positive Small then control signal is
Zero

Rule 32: If error is Zero and change in error is Positive Small then control signal is Positive
Small

Rule 33: If error is Positive Small and change in error is Positive Small then control signal is
Positive Medium

Rule 34: If error is Positive Medium and change in error is Positive Small then control signal
is Positive Big
Rule 35: If error is Positive Big and change in error is Positive Small then control signal is
Positive Big

Rule 36: If error is Negative Big and change in error is Positive Medium then control signal
is Negative Small

Rule 37: If error is Negative Medium and change in error is Positive Medium then control
signal is Zero

Rule 38: If error is Negative Small and change in error is Positive Medium then control signal
is Positive Small

Rule 39: If error is Zero and change in error is Positive Medium then control signal is
Positive Medium

Rule 40: If error is Positive Small and change in error is Positive Medium then control signal
is Positive Big

Rule 41: If error is Positive Medium and change in error is Positive Medium then control
signal is Positive Big

Rule 42: If error is Positive Big and change in error is Positive Medium then control signal is
Positive Big

Rule 43: If error is Negative Big and change in error is Positive Big then control signal is
Zero

Rule 44: If error is Negative Medium and change in error is Positive Big then control signal
is Positive Small

Rule 45: If error is Negative Small and change in error is Positive Big then control signal is
Positive Medium

Rule 46: If error is Zero and change in error is Positive Big then control signal is Positive Big

Rule 47: If error is Positive Small and change in error is Positive Big then control signal is
Positive Big

Rule 48: If error is Positive Medium and change in error is Positive Big then control signal is
Positive Big
Rule 49: If error is Positive Big and change in error is Positive Big then control signal is
Positive Big

Membership Function Design

Membership functions are mainly used in the fuzzification and defuzzification

processes of a FLS, to link the non-fuzzy input values to fuzzy linguistic terms and vice
versa. A continuous membership function is defined on a continuous universe of discourse by
means of continuous parameters. A discrete membership function is defined on a universe in
terms of a vector with a limited number of members. In fuzzy sets members are assigned a
membership grade, so that the conversion from membership to non-membership is gradual
and not a speedy process. The ‘shapes’ and spacing of the MFs define an important element
of the FLC and explain expert understanding of the meaning of the linguistic variables.
Normal MF shapes are triangular, trapezoidal, sigmoid or custom-based; with many MFs
used to partition the domain of the numeric term under consideration Degrees of certainty
(i.e. degree of membership of a fuzzy set) vary from 0 to 1 in value and so partial
membership is also possible. The FLC accumulates the degrees of certainty for the whole rule
-base to obtain an overall fuzzy output set, which is normally used to get a crisp (i.e.
numerically valued), control signal. For the two inputs and one output signal of the fuzzy
logic controller we are taking triangular shaped membership functions.

Variable Name Variable Type Range

error Input 1 [-5 5]

change in error Input 2 [-5 5]

control signal Output [-10 10]