Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
CASO 1
Ex.
Ex.
CASO 2
Ex.
The reason we are working on this project on weekends is because we don´t have time during
the week
CASO 3
CASO 4
Rarely + + , + but
Never + + , + but
Not until +
Ex.
Not only can Maria play the guitar, but also she can play the violin
Not longer/No longer
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative Pronouns
Who - personas
The use of The……,the…… with comparative adjectives in parallel clauses. This structure is used to
show proportionate increase or decrease
Ex.
Nota: Se encontraran comparativos o superlativos sin than, porque son oraciones preestablecidas
After – correlativo
For – propósito
Behind – atrás/demorado/retrasado
In – ubicación/reduce el verbo
At – ubicación
Cut off Recortar (salario)
Lay off, laid off Despedir, despedido
Draw away Despreciar/disminuir
Pick up Levantar
Show up Mostrarse
Rely on Confiar/ apoyar
Depend on Depender de
Follow up Seguimiento
Put off Posponer
Look for Buscar
Go through Finalizar/atravesar/cruzar
Go down Reducir (impuestos)
Look up Buscar en el
diccionario/ponerse en
contacto
Find out Encontrar
Run out Acabarse/terminarse
Fill in/fill out Rellenar documentos
one
Some body
thing
one
thing PERSON
SINGULAR
one
Every body
thing
GERUNDIOS
PRONOUNS
MODALS
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
TRANSITION WORDS
VOCABULARY
Through a través
Such as tal como
sword Espada
scraps Residuos
for para
As for Con respecto a
allow Dejar a
Allowed for Permitir
Abhor Abborecer
endure Soportar
ample Abundante/suficiente
attest Dar fe
appease Apasiguar
arouse Awaken/attract/inspire/incentivar
unavoidably Inevitablemente
Regardless of Independientemente de
revamps Renueva
portrays Representa
starks Claro, escueto
unuttered despejado
Roughly, nearly Aproximadamente
Differ, vary Diferir
In progress underway
negligible Insignificante
among En medio
Tap into, draw Accede a
from
Neither do I A mi tampoco
So do I Yo también
Get bored of + Aburrirse de….
verb/noun
shape Forma
prognoses Pronóstico
junk Basura
quarreling disputas
bickering Dimes y diretes
Teasing burlas
chuckling riendose
OBLIGATIONS PHRASES
It is important …………
It is mandatory…………
It is obligatory…………
GRUPO NOMINAL
Ex.
TAG QUESTIONS
Ex.
It is the first time that the Princess of Wales has visited to us, isn´t it?
Desigual than
Parecido as…..as
USO DE USED
APOSITION
Cuando hay un grupo de palabras entre comas, se debe omitir la información al momento de
identificar la respues; ya que esa información tiene la función de confundir al lector.
IMPERSONAL ENGLISH
Si empiezas con:
HE sigues con HE
VOCABULARY
There are/There is
From………To
Since………Until
At least Al menos
LISTA DE SINONIMOS
And: in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore, what is more, on the other hand, besides
But: However, although, even though, yet, nonetheless, nevertheless, though, despite, in spite of
Ex.
-Ed
-Ing
-Root (raíz)
PREPOSITIONS
Beneath
Under
DEBAJO, POR DEBAJO DE
Below
Underneath
Over
on
PREPOSITION SIGNIFICADO
throughout A lo largo de, durante
Through A través, mediante
Next to/beside Junto a
Such as Tal/tales como
Beyond/further Más allá de
Likewise Del mismo modo
Otherwise Sino/ De otro modo
So as Como para
(paralelismo)
Instead of En vez de
Due to Debido a
By the way A propósito
Even if Incluso si
stil Aún, Todavía
TRANSITIONS
Furthermore Adicionalmente
Never Nunca
Both…..and Ambos……y
none Ninguno
Neither……or Ni………ni
Either………or Sea……o
While Mientras
Overall En general
Although
Even though
Yet
However
But/yet
regardless
Nota:
Ex.
Not only can Jason play the piano, but also he can play the guitar
Who
Which
Where
How Ex.
Whose
why
TIPS
Have someone do something // General Grat had General Lee meet him
It´s essential
Crucial
Mandatory + Verb in
Obligatory Based Form
requested
Ex.
Pregunta indirecta + noun + adj. // The consumer price index lists how much every car costs.
Not only
Rarely
Never + but also + complement
Under no circumstances
Not longer
No longer
Ex.
Tool makers not only do help to construct elaborated tools, but also test…….
From one place to another // I would like to travel from one place to another
All of them // Pepe had five sons, all of them eventually became executives.
VERB TENSES
Había
Habría
Pasado HAD
Había hecho
PAST
Past simple
Past Perfect
Mostrar que una acción sucedió antes que otra en el pasado y que la primera acción terminó
antes que la segunda acción empezada.
Se usa “Because”, para explicar una situación pasada
Past Continuous
WAS + V - ING
WERE
Estaba + “ haciendo algo”
While
As
Present Simple
Present Continuous
AM
ARE + V - ING
IS
Estoy + “ haciendo algo”
Present Simple Passive
Present Perfect
HAS + PAST
HAVE PARTICIPLE
Present continuous
SUBJECT + AM + VERB-ING
ARE
IS
Be Going To
Will
Para hablar acerca de planes cuando no estamos seguros que el plan sea así
Menos certeza
Could
IS
NOT + AM UNLIKELY TO
ARE
CONDITIONALS
0. Zero conditional
IF + PRESENT , + PRESENT
SIMPLE SIMPLE
1. First Conditional
Se utiliza para situaciones imaginarias que son imposibles que sucedan en el futuro
3. Third Conditional
Hablar de una situación hipotética o imaginaria en el pasado, describe una situación irreal o
imaginaria
Ex. If I had been responsible, I would have saved money for my retirement.
Nota:
If
Conditional Whether
VOCABULARY
PAST
VERB PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE VERB PAST SIMPLE PARTICIPLE
be was been eat ate eaten
beat beat beaten fall fell fallen
become became become feel felt felt
begin began begun feed fed fed
bend bent bent fight fought fought
bet bet bet find found found
bite bit bitten fly flew flown
bleed bled bled forbid forbade forbidden
blow blew blown forget forgot forgotten
break broke broken forgive forgave forgiven
bring brought brought freeze froze frozen
broadcast broadcast broadcast get got got
build built built give gave given
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt go went gone
burst burst burst grow grew grown
buy bought bought hang hung hung
catch caught caught gave had had
choose chose chosen hear heard heard
come came come hide hid hidden
cost cost cost hit hit hit
cut cut cut hold held held
deal dealt dealt hurt hurt hurt
dig dug dug keep kept kept
do did done know knew known
draw drew drawn lay laid laid
dreamer/dream
dream t dreamed/dreamt lead led led
drink drank drunk leap leapt leapt
drive drove driven learn learned/learn learned/learnt
t
leave left left
lean leant leant
LIST OF VERBS II
PAST PAST
VERB PAST SIMPLE PARTICIPLE VERB PAST SIMPLE PARTICIPLE
let let let sit sat sat
lie lay lain sleep slept slept
light lit lit slide slide slid
smelled/smel
lose lost lost smell t smelled/smelt
make made made speak spoke spoken
mean meant meant spell spelt spelt
meet met met spend spent spent
mistake mistook mistaken spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt
pay paid paid split split split
put put put spread spread spread
read read read stand stood stood
ride rode ridden steal stole stolen
ring rang rung stick stuck stuck
rise rose risen sting stung stung
run ran run swim swam swum
say said said take took taken
see saw seen teach taught tought
sell sold sold tear tore torn
send sent sent tell told told
set set set think thought thought
shake shook shaken throw threw thrown
shine shone shone understand understood understood
shoot shot shot wake woke woken
show showed shown wear wore worn
shrink shrank shrunk win won won
shut shut shut write wrote written
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk