Chapter 1. Review of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Basic concepts of Heat Transfer 1.3 First Law of Thermodynamics 1.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics 1.5 Ideal Gas Readings: . ‘MJ. Moran and HLN. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics,3" ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., or Other thermodynamics texts 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is the science devoted to the study of energy, its transformations, and its relation to the status of matter. energy —_ the first law (conservation of energy) entropy — the second law (quality of energy) every naturally occurring transformation of energy is accompanied somewhere by a loss in the availability of energy for future performance of work 1.1.2 System and Surroundings Systenr: an object, eny quantity of matter, any region of space, ete. selected for study Surroundings the rest Basic system types: Closed system (control mass) and Open system (control volume) 1.1.3 Property, State, Process and Equilibrium A property is the observable characteristic of a system such as temperature, pressure and density. A state is the condition of the system defined by properties A process is transformation of the system from one state to another. A thermodynamic cvefe is a process that begins and ends at the same state.AE 310 Fundamentals of Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning sie Pressure-volume-temperature surface for a substance that expands on freezing 4 Gas T ceat Pont P (— 7 te uiavapor__\Vapor | tsar ein) Key Vy — Vv P Gas P Gas iia Pot : ic Pe Liquid quid i \ Luqulrvapor [ssrator gen) Vepur \ satravonregon = Seontem se Ly1.1.4 p-v-T Relationships ‘Thermodynamie properties: tables, graphs, equations and programs 1.2 Basic Concepts ‘The engineering discipline of heat transfer is concemed with methods of calculating rates of heat transfer. These methods are used by engineers to design components and systems in which heat transfer occurs, (1) Temperature: Degree of molecular movement SL °C,K LPF, SR ° (2) Energy: E (Btu, J) Capacity to do work. Examples, © Thermal Light Mechanical Electrical Chemical 1 Btu-1055 J Work (W)is an action of a force on a moving system. (3) Heat (Thermal energy): Q (Bu, 1) Heat is energy transferred across the system boundary by temperature difference (AT)