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A fistula occurs when two internal structures of the body are abnormally
connected. A rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection of the rectum
and the vagina. This embarrassing condition can cause a woman to pass
gas or stools through her vagina. Possible causes include complications
from childbirth, a side effect of cancer treatment such as radiation and
Crohn's disease. Surgery is the most common treatment.
Symptoms
Medication
Possible side effects of the medications include fever and chills; chest
pain; hives and associated itching; flushing; and trouble breathing.
Before Surgery
After Surgery
After surgery, patients will be put on an all-liquid diet for three days,
followed by a low-fiber diet for several weeks to reduce the frequency
of bowel movements. They may also be asked to take stiz baths, in
which the pelvic region is immersed in warm water.
Urinary Tract Infection [UTI]
Mechanisms that maintain the normal sterility of the urinary tract include
urine acidity and free flow, a normal emptying mechanism, intact
ureterovesical and urethral sphincters, and immunologic and mucosal
barriers. Abnormality of any of these mechanisms predisposes to UTI.
Tests:
• Urinalysis is done to look for white blood cells, red blood cells,
bacteria, and to test for certain chemicals, such as nitrites in the
urine.
• Urine culture Then the bacteria are grown in a culture and tested
against different antibiotics to see which drug best destroys the
bacteria. This last step is called a sensitivity test.
UTIs are treated with antibacterial drugs. The choice of drug and length of
treatment depend on the patient's history and the urine tests that identify
the offending bacteria. The sensitivity test is especially useful in helping
the doctor select the most effective drug. The drugs most often used to
treat routine, uncomplicated UTIs are trimethoprim (Trimpex),
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, Cotrim), amoxicillin
(Amoxil, Trimox, Wymox), nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Furadantin), and
ampicillin (Omnipen, Polycillin, Principen, Totacillin). A class of drugs
called quinolones includes four drugs approved in recent years for
treating UTI. These drugs include ofloxacin (Floxin), norfloxacin (Noroxin),
ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and trovafloxin (Trovan).
Recurrent UTI
A woman who has frequent recurrences (three or more a year) can ask
her doctor about one of the following treatment options:
Nine million doctor's office visits each year are due to urinary tract
infections, or UTIs. The only thing patients visit the doctor for more often
are respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold. Unfortunately,
the majority of cases of UTI occur in women.
What can you do to help prevent urinary tract infections from interfering
with your life? According to the National Institutes of Health, health
professionals recommend the following tips to reduce your risk of
developing a UTI.
1. Water helps flush your urinary tract, so make sure you drink plenty
of plain water daily.
2. Don't hold it when you need to urinate! Women are often guilty of
trying to finish a task before they go to the bathroom. Holding it
when you need to go can help any bacteria that may be present
develop into a full-fledged urinary tract infection.
3. You've probably heard that you should wipe from front to back after
a bowl movement. This is especially important to help prevent
bacteria from the anus from entering the vagina or urethra.
4. Taking showers instead of baths helps prevent bacteria from
entering the urethra and causing a UTI.
5. Always wash your genital area both before and after sexual
intercourse to help prevent transferring bacteria to the urethra or
vaginal area, which can create a breeding ground for a UTI.