Bio Exam Review

1. Which levels of protein structure may be affected by hydrogen bonding?

-Secondary, tertiary, and quarternary
2. When a protein loses its three-dimensional structure and becomes nonfunctional, it is
aid to be…
-Denatured
3. Which associations between R groups are the strongest?
-Disulfide bridges
4. Chromatin fibers include…
-DNA and protein
5. At which of the following stages do human skin cell nuclei have the same DNA
content?
-G1;late mitotic telophase
6. In the Hershey-Chase experiment with bacteriophage…
-Bacteriophage DNA was shown to enter bacterial cells and cause the production
of new bacteriophages within the bacteria
7. The statement “DNA replicates by a semiconservative mechanism” means that…
- Each double helix consis of one old and one newly synthesized strand.
8. Multiple origins of replication…
-speed up replication of eukaryotic chromosomes
9. The _____________ structure of a protein relates to how separate polypeptides
assemble together.
-Quaternary
10. Each phosphodiester linkage in DNA and RNA includes a phosphate joined by
covalent bonds to…
-two sugars
11. Polysaccharides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides have in common that they all…
-are formed in condensation reactions
12. In DNA replication, each newly made strand is…
-complementary in sequence to the strand from which it was copied
13. Why must RNA be incorporated into the DNA molecule initially during DNA
replication?
- Primase adds base that act as primers
-Primase is able to use DNA as a template
-DNA polymerase I and II can only add on to an existing strand
14. Which is a characteristic of DNA replication?
-Doubles the amount of DNA
- produces a copy of the original DNA molecule
15. DNA contains ________ sugar and _________, while RNA contains _________
sugar and _________.
-Deoxyribose = Thymine
-Ribose = Uracil
16. How does the Watson and Crick model of DNA structure help explain DNA
replication?
-Precise base pairs allow the base sequence to be copied
17. In order to show that DNA is the “transforming principle”, Avery and colleagues
showed that DNA could transform nonvirulent strains of pneumococcus (R strain). Their
hypothesis was strengthened by their demonstration that…
-Enzymes that destroyed nucleic acids also destroyed transforming activity.
18. You have analyzed the DNA isolated from a newly discovered virus, and you have
found that its base composition is 32% adenine, 17% cytosine, 32% guanine, and 19%
thymine. What would be a reasonable explanation of this observation? (Remember
Chargaff’s rules)
-The genome of the bacteriohage is single-stranded, but not double stranded
19. DNA replication in eukaryotes differs from replication in prokaryotes because…
-There are many origins of replication in each eukaryotic chromosomes and only
one in prokaryotes.
20. The covalent bonds that link sugar monomers together in a polysaccharide…
-Glycosidic bond
21. The linear arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain…
-Primary Structure
22. The bond that holds polymeric strands of DNA together in the double helical
conformation…
-Hydrogen Bond
23. The origin of replication consists _________ replication fork(s) that move in a
___________ manner.
-2, bidirectional
24. The nitrogenous bases classified as pyrimidines…
-Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine
25. A molecule containing a pentose sugar and a nitrogen containing base…
-Nucleoside
26. Paired cytoplasmic structures that migrate during prophase…
-Centromere
27. Butane and isobutene have the same chemical formula but different arrangement of
atoms. These are examples of…
-Structural Isomers
28. The structure that develops to divide plant cells during cytokinesis….
-Phragmoplast
29. The enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during DNA replication...
- DNA polymerase
30. The major enzyme involved in transcriptions is…
-RNA polymerase
31. What event contributes to genetic diversity…
-Crossing-over
32. The Chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid during…
-Meiosis II
33. Covalent linkage between 2 amino acids…
-Peptide bond
34. Covalent linkage between 2 monosaccharides…
-Phosphodiester Bond
35. Breaking of covalent linkages between amino acids…
-Hydrolysis
36. Structure of a polypeptide chain involving R group interactions…
-Secondary structure