Spanish Test Review

 Habré terminado mi trabajo para

Future diciembre.
Conjugations: add one of the following to the o I will have finished my work by
end of the verb December.
 Ya habrás pedido cuando yo llegue.
é emos o You will have already ordered
ás éis when I arrive.
 Usted habrá estudiado español por
á á tres años para este mayo.
o You will have studied three
years of Spanish by this May.
It is used to express uncertainty or probability
in the past also.
Likelihood and Conjecture
It is equivalent to I wonder, it’s probably, it In this sense, the future perfect is used to talk
must be, and so on about what someone guesses or thinks might
be true.
 ¿Qué hora será?
o I wonder what time it is.  Ellos habrán tenido hambre para la
 Serán las seis noche.
o It’s probably six o’clock. o They may have been hungry by
 Estarán debajo de tu cama. nighttime.
o They must be under your bed.  Habrá salido de Atlanta.
 ¿Dónde estarán mis calcetines? o She must have left Atlanta.
o Where can my socks be?  ¿Dónde está Paco? - Él habrá ido a otro
café.
o Where is Paco? - He might have
Future Perfect gone to another cafe.
habré ado/ido habremos ado/ido
habrás ado/ido habréis ado/ido Past Perfect – Pluperfect
habrá ado/ido habrán ado/ido
Subjunctive
This would mean something like
“will/may/must/might have” hubiera ado/ido hubiéramos ado/ido
hubieras ado/ido hubierais ado/ido
Future Events
hubiera ado/ido hubieran ado/ido
Talking about actions that will have been
completed before another action in the future
/ to talk about something that hasn’t It is used to talk about hypothetical situations
happened yet. in the past, past conditionals, and past actions
that preceded other past actions.
1. Hypotheticals  Mamá no creyó que
hubieras/hubieses limpiado el cuarto.
The past perfect subjunctive is commonly
o Mom did not believe that you
used to talk about hypothetical situations,
had cleaned the room.
especially those relating to regrets or
hindsight.  El policía buscaba a algún testigo que
hubiera/hubiese visto el robo.
 Ojalá que hubiera/hubiese sabido. o The police officer was looking
o I wish I had known. for a witness who had
 ¿Y si Don Quijote hubiera/hubiese witnessed the robbery.
tenido razón sobre los molinos?
o What if Don Quijote had been
right about the windmills?
Conditional
Conjugation: Add one of the following to the
end of the verb

2. Conditionals ía íamos
The past perfect subjunctive is used along
ías íais
with the conditional perfect to talk about
conditionals in the past. ía ías
 Si hubiera sabido, habría venido. Hypothetical situations and probabilities and
o If I had known, I would have to make polite requests.
come. This would equal “would”
 Si hubiera tenido más dinero, habría
comprado el cuadro que vimos en el  Compraría esa camisa.
mercado. o I would buy that shirt.
o If I'd had more money, I  Sacaría la basura por ti.
would've bought the painting o He would take out the trash for
we saw in the market. you.
 Si fuera rico, me gustaría viajar por
todo el mundo.
o If I were rich, I would travel all
3. Actions Preceding Other Past over the world.
Actions
The past perfect is used along with the
preterite or imperfect to talk about a past
action that preceded a second past action. Conditional Perfect
Whichever of these events is the furthest back habría ado/ido habríamos ado/ido
in the past is talked about with the past
habrías ado/ido habríais ado/ido
perfect subjunctive.
habría ado/ido habrías ado/ido
 Pablo dudó que yo hubiera/hubiese
ido a Perú. It is used to talk about actions that would have
o Pablo doubted that I had been happened had something else not gotten in
to Peru. the way.

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  Yo habría comprado los regalos pero
no tenía tiempo.
o I would have bought the gifts,
but I didn't have time.
 Él habría leído el libro, pero el
teléfono soñó.
o He would have finished the
book, but the telephone rang.
 Nosotros habríamos cenado en ese
restaurante si hubiera sabido lo
bueno que era.
o We would have eaten at that
restaurant if I had known how
good it was.
In the examples below, the conditional
perfect is used to talk about an action that
probably happened or was true.
 Habría comido antes de salir.
o He had probably already eaten
before leaving.
 Habrían sido las ocho cuando
llegamos.
o It must have been eight o’clock
when we arrived.
Imperfect Subjunctive
Conjugation: take the -aron/ieron ending from
the preterite form of the verb, drop the -ron,
and add one of the endings. Don’t forget
accent marks on the -ramos forms
ra ramos
ras rais
ra ran
 Si tuviera más dinero, viajaría por
todo el mundo.
o If I had more money, I would
travel around the whole world.
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 Si yo fuera tú, no lo haría.
o If I were you, I wouldn’t do it.
1. Past Occurrences
If the WEIRDO verb in the independent clause
is in the preterite or the imperfect, then the
subjunctive verb that follows will be
imperfect.
 Quise que vinieras/vinieses a mi fiesta.
o I wanted you to come to my
party.
 Tenía miedo de que no
lloviera/lloviese.
o I was scared it wouldn't rain.
 Le iba a prestar dinero para que se
comprara un abrigo.
o I was going to lend him money
so he could buy a coat.
2. Current Opinions of Past
Events
The imperfect subjunctive can also be used to
express current emotions, doubts, etc. about
something that happened in the past.
 Es bueno que él se casara/casase.
o It's good that he got married.
 No me parece que el viaje fuera/fuese
largo.
o It doesn't seem to me that the
journey was long.
3. Doubts and Wishes
It's common to see ojalá or ojalá que used with
the imperfect subjunctive to express the idea
of hoping for something that is unlikely to
happen or is impossible.
 Ojalá que nevara/nevase en Panamá.
 o I wish it were snowing in Present subjunctive = present, future
Panama.
 Fue bueno que estudiaras
 Ojalá mi hermano se casara/casase.
o It was good that you studied
o I wish my brother were getting
 Yo quería que los hicieras
married.
o I wanted you to do it
 Yo quería que tú hicieras la tarea
(hacer)
4. If Clauses  Yo quiero que tú hagas la tarea
When preceded by si (if), the imperfect (hacer)
subjunctive is often used to talk about  Fue una lástima que no pudiera ir
hypotheticals. Note that the other verb in o It was a shame that he couldn’t
these constructions is in the conditional. go
 Yo iría al banco para que tuviéramos
 Si yo fuera reina, viajaría por todo el
dinero
mundo.
o I would go to the bank so that
o If I were queen, I would travel
we’d have money
all over the world.
 Pintaría más seguido si tuviera más Always use subjunctive after para que, have to
tiempo. have subject change
o I would paint more often if I
had more time.
Independent Dependent Clause
Clause (Indicative) (Subjunctive)
5. Polite Suggestions and Present
Present Perfect (he,
Requests has, ha hemos, Present Subjunctive
The imperfect subjunctive can be used to habéis, han ado/ido
make very polite suggestions or formal = has/have)
requests. Present Perfect
Subjunctive (haya,
 Quisiera dos semanas de vacaciones. hayas, hayamos,
o I would like two weeks of Present
hayáis, hayan
vacation. ado/ido) (if action
has taken place)
Preterite
Imperfect
Used to express subjectivity in the past after Imperfect
Subjunctive (ra)
the some verbs, impersonal expressions, and Conditional (ía)
or
conjunctions as the present subjunctive. Past Perfect (había,
Pluperfect/Past
habías, habíamos,
Used when the IC in in the preterite, Perfect Subjunctive
habíais, habían
(hubiera ado/ido = )
imperfect, conditional, pluperfect (past ado/ido = had)
perfect)  Estudio para que mí mamá esté
contenta
IC w/WEIRDO verb + conjunction que + DC
o Does not work for Present
w/subject change
Perfect Subjunctive

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  Estudié para que mí mamá estuviera
contenta
If/Si- Clauses
Si is never followed by a verb in the present
subjunctive unless in rare cases
Possibility is reasonably likely = si is followed
by the present indicative tense
Unlikely or false = a past subjunctive (usually
the imperfect subjunctive) is used. This is the
case even when the condition is something
that refers to the past.
UNLIKELY/UNREAL: Si imperfect subjunctive,
conditional
 Si estudiaras, sacarías una A.
o If you studied, you would get an
A.
 Si yo fuera tú, tomaría una
responsibilidad propia.
o If I were you, I would take
appropriate responsibility.
 Si you tuviera dinero, iría al cine.
o If I had the money, I would go
to the movies.
 SI ganara Sama, yo lloraría.
o If Sam were to win, I’d cry
 Si ella hubiera tenido (past perfect
subjunctive) dinero, habría ido al cine.
o If she had the money, she
would have gone to the movies.
LIKELY: Si present indicative, present/future
 Si estudias, sacarás una A.
o If you study, you will get an A.
Present Perfect
Subjunctive
Used to describe past actions that are
connected to the present, as well as actions
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that will have happened by a certain point in
the future.
Certain words and phrases, such as those
expressing emotions and desires, trigger the
use of the present perfect subjunctive.
Somewhat equivalent to “have/haven’t”, “has
__”, “did”, “didn’t”
1. Past Actions Connected to
the Present
The present perfect subjunctive can be used
to talk about actions that happened in the
past but are relevant in the present. It's very
common to see it used to talk about things
that just happened.
 Mi profesor duda que yo haya leído el
libro.
o My professor doubts that I have
read the book.
 Me asusto de que usted me haya
llamado.
o I am shocked that you called
me.
 Es bueno que hayamos hablado.
o It is good that we talked.
 Me asusto de que ellas no hayan
bailado bien.
o I am shocked that they didn't
dance well.
 Lamentamos que ella no haya podido
venir a la fiesta.
o We regret that she was unable
to come to the party.
 Es una lástima que tú no hayas
estudiado
o It’s a shame that you have not
studied.
 No pienso que Maria haya hecho la
tarea.
o I do not think that Maria has
done/did the homework.
2. Actions That Will Have Been
Completed in the Future
The present perfect subjunctive is also used to
talk about things that are expected to be
done by a point in the future.

 Quiero que hayáis escrito 5 páginas

para el lunes.
o I want you to have written 5
pages by Monday.
 Es posible que ustedes hayan vuelto
para marzo.
o It is possible that you will have
returned by March.