w, ¿Xe ryro^ü, & ■ '!;>.

~SJ •;:*, 4¡ eí ‘ f ’*' ■“ I H l ^ ' T Í 4 íI

u . C.,.\V oV Á^Vs'Sp s$^Ofi}aÁ? v*>rTrT5 *A<0 r, !v.,-V" ri i:.t:!A ^ tWV\$i iV-T‘* ¡g■*"*'''& ‘¿, r' ^

t $
\V. ,«• , 'í *\
S>.A
AViO^v\$ ' ^
vbX'. OV O i ^ \’*0 ‘

DESIGN EXAMPLES

The examples in th is handbook i l l u s t r a t e the use o£ the

d e sig n ta b le s and c h a r ts . They show d e sig n procedure only and
are not intended to be taken as examples of e f f i o i e n t d esig n in
any p a r t ic u l a r case.

PROBLEM 1: DESIGN OF SQUARE LONG COLUMN WHERE TENSION CONTROLS.

USE OF UNIAXIAL CHARTS FOR p.ra AND e, / t . \
» rs .1 ti L)
^ JU P $ vC\ iíí íc
c ' C v, A , a W ' u v ■i 1
Given : E l a s t ic a n a ly s is indi- <„
cates that, for liv e load, P = 117
kips and M = 250 ft- kip s, and, for *jv£ro*í r^?' ■
dead load, P - 58 kips and M 100 cv,s ^ •; rÍÍ
ft- k ips. Wind is not c r i t i c a l , no f J
shear w a l l s , column fixe d at bot~ «j
tom, £ r == 4 ksi and f ~ 60 k s i . ' 'Te * í
c y T. ' \L
Provide 1 .5 i n . cover over sp ira ls . e
R e la t iv e displacem ent of column "* ? w
ends occurs. ,V ‘ v"i '..*9
tUs.>».. <! , W FX'tp
C onsider end b e a rin g s p lic e s #fy^r! !;VJ
and weldable s t e e l ( and desig n the
e x t e r io r column. t.o'ivN
t.O eru^i ]
Vj r¡ ( smí i SU ¡C> V,f,;
'¡Q tVf'XL o
Solutiori:

Pu = 1 . 5 ( 5 8 ) + 1 .8 (1 1 7 )= 298 k ip s (A C I 3 1 8 - 6 3 ,Eq . 1 5 - 1 ,p. 66)

Mu = 1 . 5 ( 1 0 0 ) + 1 .8 (2 5 0 ) = 600 ft-kips . v-c» 1 =•
e = M /P = 600 x 1 2 /2 9 8 = 2 4 .1 6 in.. t.o . 1í q.
■U U :;í j*r ^ Ta
(..ÍM-Í.-Ii-Í¡-.;tí3
■«* Assume a 23-in . square column, # 9 J a a r s , #3 s p ir a l
gt 23-2 ¡0 .3 7 5 + 1 .5 + ( 1 .1 2 5 / 2 ) ] = 1 8 .1 3 in
g = 1 8 .1 3 /2 3 = 0 .7 8 8 ; about 0 .8
e /t = 2 4 .1 6 /2 3 = 1 .0 5 ^ .A ,, ,tS<b-
, ftif U n ia x ia l chart K o . 107 ( e ^ /t vs P tm) shows that e ^ / t < 1 . 0 5
when p . m ^ l . 0 . T h e r e fo re , e > e, and tensión C ontrols.
.. \ t N \ i ^
ao-Aü ' w ti \ i. * ,'’U 1
Compute r ed uctio n fac to r, R: I t i ifiA

R = 1 .0 7 - 0 .0 0 8 h ‘ / r ^ 1 . 0 (ACI 318-63, E q .9 - 4 ,p .4 4 ) this formula

ap p lies when compresa ion C o n trols. Determ ine R and m odify for ■
(h n
tensión c o n t r o l. ¿>
c\xt'>. a\ ts'ír('o\jL o ¿A \
For a 23- in. column, I = 2 3 ,3 2 0 in .
Nv a
,
 K — T /f íl tiif-i
col unan x / * ~ 23,32.0 / (18 x 1 2 ) = l o« i n 3 t •
>
i ni n )- fe , , l n - (colunm above
D o m t is assumed id é n t ic a ])
A? Ui'.»'. 1 'xCi ¡;j,
At top or column
(¿I, I t lií 0 > f
r ‘ = -^iS^^oljuinns _ 108 + 10 fi i 7n í
•ÍU 'o'joe & ? -70 ' : í:
At bottom fixe d e n d V r * = 1 .0

Sec. 915 (d) f 3 rp ? ° 4 3 )in ~ ^ ( 1 , 7 + 1 • 0) = 1; 3 5 (ACI 318-63,

P C » ? I a p p lie s j and „ / t -
R - 0 .8 . Th is valué a p p lie s onlv wh c alc U iated above, read
must be m odified as fo llo w s : ° nly WhSn comPr e s s ion coA trols, and

A ccording to 318-63, S e c . 9 1 6 (b)

w h e n ^ : ' 1^ ^ W ith « i a l ¡« a d
tensión Controls, or R * r +
^ ~ ~ Kc/ Kjj) where =
? / fc fc2 at balanced conditions
. K ? = k for column under considera-
io n . i s th e R valué computed
for compression control, and R is

íín R , value for the column under

tro ls on when tensión con-

Rb ^ Rc ^ 1• Si nce R^ = o . 8 ,
assume a t r i a l valué of R c » 0 . 9 .

■u ~ P u/ Rc ~ 2 9 8 / 0 . 9 = 331 kips
M
u V R C ~ 6 0 0 /0 .9 = 667 ft-kips

íeze M jn ijie R c (U n ia x ia l chart No. 107),

'u 331
K = 0 .1 5 6
f c ' t¿ 4 x 529

E n ter w p o ttio n « /t __ ^ ^ R ^ ^

En ter upper p o c tio n w ith |P(.m = 0 . 6 3 ; obtain e j / t . 0 .5 1

 Enter lower p o rtio n w ith efe/ t = ¡ 0 .5 1 and p fcm = 0 . 6 3 ;
o b tain 1^= 0 .3 1 5
R c = 0 . 8 0 + 0 .2 1 .0 - ( 0 .1 5 6 /0 .3 1 5 ) = 0 .9 as assumed.

Be."gxamine P ' s Further check not r e q u ir e d , since R is c alc ulated

c
to be the assumed v a lu é .

D e sig n column:
'
P. ’
^ “ T— ^2 = 3 3 1 /(4 X 23 X 23) = 0 .1 5 6

m = f y / 0 . 8 5 f c 1 = 6 0 /3 .4 * 1 7 .6 5

Pt-ra
p £ = _£m— = 0 .6 3 /1 7 .6 5 = 0 .0 3 5 7

A s t = P ^ Ag = 0 .0 3 5 7 (23)^' = 1 8 .9 8 sq in

Use 19 # 9 b a r s , A = 1 9 .0 sq i n .

From Reinforcem ent 4 . 2 . 1 , this is the máximum number of # 9 bars

that can be placed in a 23 x 23 column w ith # 4 s p ir a l w ith butt
^ P-
**i ce (Hen c e , O R . w i th the 3 s p ir a l ass umed) .

PROBLEM 2 : DESIGN OF A LONG SQUARE POLUMN WHERE TENSION CONTROLS

USE OF TABLES FOR eb / t AND .

G_iven: A l l data are id e n t ic a l to Problem 1. Assuroe square column

w ith s p i r a l .

So lu tio n; R efer to T able 4-1, square column, £ ' = 4 k si,

f = 60 k s i, g = 0 .8 .

II: p fcm = 1 . 0 , e ^ /t = 0 .6 5 5 4 (from T able 4- 1 ). S in c e e / t =

1 .0 5 > 0 .6 5 5 4 , tensión Controls the d e s ig n .

For p fcm = 0 .6 3 (obtained as in Problem 1 ) , in te rp ó late to

o b ta in and e ^ / t .

P tm
*b V fc
0 .6 0 0 .3 0 6 8 0 .5 1 1 7
0 .6 3 0 .3 0 7 7 0 .5 1 3 8
0 .7 0 0 .3 0 9 8 0 .5 4 8 7
 T ^ ! 1? 88-0^ ^ * * 3 r Íng, U n ia x ia l Chart N o - 107 ^ Problem
0 .3 1 5 and e^/t - 0 . 5 1 as compared with the valúes
obtained by in te r p o la tio n using the ta b le s, K, = 0 .3 0 7 7 and
eb / t = 0 .5 1 3 8 .

Once Kb has been obtained by in te rp o la tio n using the d esiqn

t a b le s , the s o lu t io n proceeds as in Problem 1. 1

PROBLEM 3 : DESIGN OF COLUMN FOR MINIMUM ECCENTRICXTY BY np

TABLES 1 THROUGH 4 AND REINFORGEMENT 3 THROUGH 5 BY US~ °*

G:iven: Pu = 1190 k ip s , Pu ! (0 . 05t) , fc • = 4 .0 k si,

fy ~ 6 0 -° k s i - De sign as a s p i r a l l y rein forced square column, |
w ith # 1 4 bars as lo n g it u d in a l reinforcem ent and # 4 as s p ir a l Use
w e ld ab le s te e l and end-bearing s p l i c e s .

So lutions Assume column s i z e , "t = 19 in .

Ag = t 2 = 19 X 19 * ¡ 3 6 1 sq in!

K for minimum e c c e n t r ic it v = K = P / f 't^

1 m u c
r !. 1 1 9 0 /(4 x 3 6 1 ) = 0 .8 2 5 0
gt = 19- 2 [ 1 . 5 + 0 .5 + (1 .6 9 /2 )] = 1 3 .3 in .
g = g t /t = 1 3 .3 /1 9 .0 = 0 .7

Find req uired p^m from T able 4-1:

p tm Km for g = 0 .7

0 .5 0 .8 1 3 0

0 .6 0 .8 6 1 3

For Km “ c -8250 fin d p fcm by in te rp o la tio n

P*-m = 0 .5 1 0 . 8 2 5 0 - Q .8 1 3 0 ) y 0 .1 0 .5 2 5 0
( 0 .8 6 1 3 - 0 .8 1 3 0 )

D esiqn colum n;

m = V ° *85 V = 6 0 /(0 .8 5 x 4 .0 ) = 1 7 .6 5

Pt = P tm/m = 0 . 5 2 5 0 / 1 7 . 6 5 = 0 .0 2 9 6

A s t — Ag p^. = 361 x 0 .0 2 9 6 = 1 0 .7 0 sq in .

7
 .... .......... ms A-*- --
—

k f e s - ;.

Note from Reinforcernent d ? i Kkaf

bars that may be usedn a i n sau r ^ T of # 14
f orcernent in a c ir c l e
is 9 ™ ? ° lumn Wlth r e i n ~
A <3t= 1 1 .2 5 sq in H e n e e ,O K . to use fiv e # 1 4 ;

PRESSIOK^CONTROLS^ ” s f
COLUMNS 2 .2 FOR REDUCTION FACTOR

-A

G iv e n : For Column B C :
P, =
K = 19C in.3 672 k ip s , m = 269 ft- kips,
f 1 =
jC c
3 k s i , and f ~ ksi M and P
i y u u
are due p r im ar ily to wind lo a d.
Columns AB, BC, and CD are iden-
tic al.
12 '
^ K = 170 ¡n;3 So lutio n:

$ Assume 24 - in . round column.

e = Mu/ P u = 2 6 9 (1 2 ) / 672
= 4 .8 in .
.-Á
e /D = 4 .8 /2 4 = 0 .2 0

Compute r ed uctio n f a c t o r . R :

I , = 31 D ~
column ^^ -- = 1 6 ,2 9 0 i n .4
64

^column ~ 1 6 ,2 9 0 /1 2 (12) - 113 in .

At Joint B , r *= __ .n n , ,
H K beams 2 (1 1 3 )/1 7 0 - 1 .3 3
At J o in t C, r 1= 2 ( 1 1 3 ) / 1 9 0 = 1 .1 9

For Column BC, average r 1 = 1 / 2 ( 1 19+1 7 -n - i

318- 63, S e c . 9 1 5 ( d ) 3. p. 43) ' ] ~ 1 '26 (AC2
 R 0 .9 5

D esign colum n:

De sign for Pu ‘ _ pu = 6 7 2 /0 .9 5 = 707 kips

R~
Assume #7 v e r t ic a l b a rs, «4 s p ir a l s , and 1 .5 j.nj. covrlj

1. 5 + 0 .5 -
tí ( 0 . 8 7 5 / 2 ) = 1 9 .1 2 in .
gD = 24 - 2

g = 1 9 .1 2 /2 4 = 0 .7 9 7 . Use g = 0 .8

7 07 = 0 .4 0 9
K = P u ’ / f c ' D 2 = J-^-516

Enter U niaxial Chart No. 31 w ith K = 0 .4 0 9 and e /D = 0 . 2 ;

obtain p fc = 0 .0 2

= o A = 0 .0 2 ( 0 .7 8 5 4 ) (2 4 )2 = 9 .0 sq m .
A
st g
n

Try 15 #7 b a r s , A s = 9 .0 in .

Checking Reinforcement ¡ 5 ^ thls^urober of bars

2 4 - in . round column can accomn circumfe r e n t ia l
for all three types of.splice— radial lap. ciícum
lap, or end bearing. Therefore use 15 #7 bars.

S I É n d S c ! CTu?e S f I i S X cS to g e th b r^w ith u n x a x ih ,

CHARTS

G iv e s : Square t ie d » 1 ~ (1 6 ” X 16 ) ^ «c £oí r £aces,

S ^ i S t S . ^ Í Í Í ,S «c T íh . arialysis,
load factors and long column ef^^e c ts .

P = 194 kips

M =74 ft-kips
ux

M = 100 ft-kips
Uy N •
T16e -d ( 1 T 2V 1 .7 s f H l ! ? C
^ ? era s s L ? n g e5 8 ° í I r T í l t h l ^ in .
cover to verfcica.1 st.e6l*

F in d : The req uired v e r t i c a l r e i n f orcem ent, A gfc.

So lu tio n :

g = 1 1 .5 /1 6 = 0 .7 1 9
m = f y / 0 .8 5 f c ' = 6 0 /(0 .8 5 x 3750) = 1 8 .8 2

The load lin e angle w ith respect to the Y axis i s :}

-1 í 1
Q = tan (Mux/M uy)^ = tan” 1 (7 4 /1 0 0 )

6 - 3 6 .5 degrees

M d í
u6 V (M U X ) + ^M u y ) 2 = v /u o o )2 + ( 7 4 ?

1 2 4 .4 ft-kips

K - ir/ff cc '
p u / ’ b t = 1 9 4 / ( 3 . 7 5 x 2 5 6 ) = 0 . 2 0 2

K e /t for M = 12 M „ / f „ ' b t 2 _ 1 2 4 .4 x 12
U C ~ 3T75-1T4C96 = ° - 0972
From B i a x i a l Chart 6*

for 0 = 45 d e g ., g ~ 0 .7 , find p m ~ 0 .3 2

From B i a x i a l Chart 7
for Q = 45 d e g ., g = 0 .8 , find p m = 0 .2 6

Inter polatin g

for 0 = 45 d e g ., g = 0 .7 1 9 , find p m = 0 .3 1

From U n ia x ia l Chart; 62

for 8 = O d e g . or 90 d e g ., g = 0 .7 , find p fcm = 0 .2 2

From U n ia x ia l Chart 63 -

for 0 = 0 deg. or 90 d e g ., g = 0 .8 , find p m = 0 .1 9

In t e r p o la t in g

for 0 = 0 d e g. or 90 d e g ., g = 0 .7 1 9 , find p m = 0 .2 2

Now in te rp ó late between p^m at 0 degrees and p fm at 45 degrees

tor req uired p^-m at 3 6 .5 d e g re e s.

P tm ~ 0 .2 2 + ( 3 6 .5 /4 5 ) x ( 0 .3 1 - 0 .2 2 ) = 0 .2 9

Note that the p tm charts for tc '¿k 4000 p si are v a lid for f„» =
3750 p s i sin ce the depth of rectan gu lar stress block is id e n t ic a l
for oí11 f á» 4000 p s i , and f ’ is factored o u t .
 i
-
' toniMHawntoWMr. :
■ •*-

For P tm = O-29

P t = P tm/m = 0 .2 9 /1 8 .8 2 != 0 .0 1 5 4 ¡.|

A st “ p^bt = 0 .0 1 5 4 x 256 = 3 .9 4 2 sq in f

From Reinforcem ent 7, s e le c t 8 #7 b a r s , A =? 4 .8 sq inl»,

to use 8 bars of the same s i z e .

A l t e r n a t e l y , increase the number of bars and use smailer

s ize s. T his is always s a t i s f a c t o r y .

A comprehensive long hand so lu tio n of this problem shows

that the req uired p^. is 0 .0 1 5 9 in c ocupar i son to this s o lu t io n ;
P t = 0 .0 1 5 4 , or a 3 perjcent d e v ia t io n .

Since the s t e e l furnished w i l l u sually be more than that

r e q u ir e d , such a slighti d e v ia t io n is i n s i g n i f i c a n t .

PROBLEM 6 : REVIEW OF A SECTION SUBJECT TO BIAXIAL BENDING* USE

OF B IA X IA L CHARTS TOGETHER WITK UNIAXIAL CHARTS

G iv en ; A square tie d column (1 8 " x 1 8 ") w ith 12 # 9 v e r t ic a l bars

d is t r ib u t e d evenly on four fac e s, gt = 1 3 .2 5 i n ., f ^ 1 = 4000 p s i ,
f = 6 0 ,0 0 0 p s i , - 665 k ip s , 0 = 2 3 .2 óegrees, measured clock-
w ise from the X - axis.

F in d : P e r m is s ib le M about the X and Y a x e s .

—— - u

So lu tio n : From R e in f orcement 7, 12 # 9 b a r s , A e ^ = 1 2 .0 sq in .

Pt ~ A s t / b t = 1 2 - °/324 * 0,037
g * 1 3 . 2 5 / 1 8 = 0 .7 3 6
m = f y / 0 •85 f c ‘ = 6 0 / ( 0 . 8 5 x 4) * 1 7 .6 5
p tm = 0 ,0 3 7 x 1 7 .6 5 = 0 .6 5 3
K = Pu/ f c l bt = 6 6 5 / ( 4 x 324) = 0 .5 1 3

From E i a x i a l Chart 10
for 0 =45 d e g ., g = 0 .7 , find R e /t = 0 .1 1 4
From B i a x i a l Chart 11
iior 9 = 45 d e g . , g = 0 . 8 , find K e /t * 0 .1 2 5
In t e r p o l a t ing
for 0 =45 d e g ., g = 0 .7 36, find
K e /t = 0 .1 1 4 0 .3 6 x (0 .1 2 5 - 0 .1 1 4 )= 0 .1 1 8
 From U n ia x ia l Chart 62

for 6 = 0 d e g ,, g = 0 .7 , find K e /t = 0 .1 2 5
From U n ia x ia l Chart 63

for 6 = 0 d e g ./ g = 0 .8 , find K e /t = 0 .1 3 6
In te r p o la t in g
for @ =0 d e g ., g = 0 .7 3 6 , find

K e /t *= 0 .1 2 5 + 0 .3 6 xj (0 .1 3 6 - 0 . 1 2 5 ) 1 = 0 .1 2 9

Interpolating between K e /t = 0.129 for 9 = Q deg. and Ke/t-0.118

or © - 45 deg. when g = 0.736, to find K e /t at 23.2;deg.:

K e /t = 0.129 - (23.2/45) x (0.129 - 0.118)

= 0 .1 2 3
M K e /t x f * bt
2/12
ue
Mug - 0 .1 2 3 x 4 . 0 x 583 2 /1 2 - 2 39 ft«~kips

The d e f in it i o n s of M and M
ux uy
are illu s t r a t e d using vector
n o ta tio n . is the moraent about
the X-axis and M is the mornent
about the Y~axis„ Thus

Mux = Mu cos 9

Muy = Mu sin 6

where Q is measured clockwise

from the p o sitiv o axis*

T h e r e fc r e ,

Muy ” Q 2 ln ^3 .2 deg. ~ 9 4 .1 ft-kips

MU X = MU0 co s 2 3 •2 de< 3 - = 2 2 0 ft-kips

A comprehensive longhand s o lu t io n y ie ld s the cap ac it'ie s:

Muy ~ ft-kips ( 9 4 .1 by charts)

Mux = 2 2 2 .5 ft-kips (220 by charts)

M u 9 r= * ^ 2 . 1 ft-kips (239 by charts)

PROBLEM 7: USE OF BIAXIAL CHARTS AND UNIAXIAL CHARTS TO DEVELOP
"MOMENT CONTOURS" FOR"CONSTANT AXIAL LOA D . “

G iv e n : A 2 0 x 2 0 ~ in . square column w ith 12 # 9 ba es onlfour fac es,

eveníy d is t r ib u t e d , g = 0 . 7 , pu ~ 960 k ip s , f = 4, 000 ps i ¿ . j.
f = 6 0 ,0 0 0 p si

F in d : The moment contour using a " b i l i n e a r " curve.

S o lu t io n : From R e in f orcement 7, 12 # 9 b a r s , A ¡' 1 2 .0 sq im

se
m = f / 0 . 85 f ’ |= 6 0 / ( 0 . 8 5 x 4) 1= 17.¡65
y ^
= Ac f/b t = 1 2 /4 0 0 = 0 .0 3
P t ~ ” st
p tm = 0 .0 3 x 1 7 .6 5 0 .5 3

K = P /f 'b t = 9 6 0 / ( 4 x 400) = 0 .6

For 9 = 0 d e g. or 90 d e g ., from U n ia x ia l Chart 62, g = 0 .7 ,

K = 0 . 6 , p tm = 0 . 5 3 , find

K e/t = 0 .0 9 4

For 9 = 45 deg.,, from B i a x i a l Chart 10, g 0 .7 , K = 0 .6 ,

ptm = 0 . 5 3 , f i nd

K e /t = 0 .0 8 5

Henee, for 0 d og. and 90 d e g .,

M = M = K e /t x f * bt /1 2
ux uy c
0 .0 9 4 x 4 x 8 0 0 0 /1 2 = 251 ft-kips
and for 45 d e g . ,

M = 0 .0 8 5 x 4 x 8 0 0 0 /1 2 = 227 ft-kips
u@

The moment contour is then

drawn as shown. W ith such
moment contours for vario-us
Pu for any given cross-sec-
tio n , the valúes of Mu q can
be obtained for any angle 9.

"O f f i c e s t a n d a r e s " can be

preparad for p a r t ic u la r sec-
tions that are used o ft e n .
Such standards can include
the u n ia x ia l capaciti.es and
the c a p a c itie s for various
valúes of Q.
 PROBLSiM 8 : DETERMINATION OF FACTOR r ’ FOR TYPICAL INTERIOR JOINT
USE OF STIFFNESS 1 .1

G iv e n : R ectangular columns b c x t c = 18" x 20" above and below

jo in t. Floo r to floor heig h t H = 1 2 ' 0 " , rectangular beams b ' x t
- 12 x 24" on both sid e s of j o i n t . Column spacing = 2 1 ' 8 " .
Slab of pan- joist constructio n to be d i s r e g a r d e d .*

F in d ; r ‘ for in t e r io r jo in t shown in draw ing.

So lu tio n ; From S t i f f n e s s 1 .1 : For t = 20" and t = 24" find

Cr ' = 0 . 5 8 . (A m u ltip lie r b c/b ' takes care of d i f f e r i n g beam
and column w idths)

h = H - t = 12' - 2' = 10 ft
/•* / - t c * 2 1 * 8" - 2 0 " * 20 ft
b /' **
r '= C , X — — X h
r b’ n
0.58 x 18 x 20 = 1 .7 4
12 10

PROBLEM 9 ; DETERMINATION OF Ct WHEN T-BEAM ACTION IS TO BE CON-

SIDERED. USE OF STIFFNESS 2.

G iv e n : In t e r io r jo in t as shown in Problem 8

* I f the slab were considered as in the T-beam of Problem 9, r'

would be d e c r e a s e d ,
* *A p p lie s for ty p ic a l in t e r io r j o i n t , for id e n tic a l beams and
id e n t ic a l columns. For d e v ia tio n s from this b a s i c c o n d iticn see
commentary to S t if f n e s s 1.

M
F ind : For the jo in t in Problem 8 find r* if T-beam action is to
be~considered and the slab thickness t g = 4 " . Center-to-center
spacing of beams is 1 3 '- 0 " .

Solution: Same as Problem 8, but m ultip ly r 1 foi) rectan gu lar beams

by í/c“ to include in flu e n c e of T-beam, ac tio n .

S e c . 9 0 6 (b)

(1) x 12 _ 6 5 . 0 in .
t/ 4 .
rr
b ‘ + 2 x 8 x t s = 12 + 2 x 8 x 4 = 12 + 64 * 76 i n ,
(2)

(3} 7 + b- = 1 2 x 12 + 12 = 156 in .

Case 1 g o v e r n s ; e f f e c t iv e flange w idth := 65 i n .

From S t i f f n e s s 2 fo r: A = b / b 1 = 6 5 /1 2 = 5>.42
B = t g/ t = 4 /2 4 = 0. 167

Read
Ct = 1 ,9

r4 _ i x C'r ’ x bc x / ’ *
b1 h
Ct
1 x 0 .5 8 :x 18 x 20 = 0 .9 2
=
1 .9 12 10

PROBLEM 1 0 : DETERMINATION OF FACTOR r ' FOR TYPICAL EXTERIOR

JOIN T, CONSIDERING T-BEAM ACTION. USE OF STIFFNESS 1 .2

G iven: Round columns D = 20 " in diameter abovp^ánd below j o i n t . ^

T^beams at one sid e of column only, beam a n d column spacing 13
and 21' 8 ” , r e s p e c t i v e l y . Floor to floor heig n t j.2 .

*Applies for~ typical in t e r io r jo i n t , for id e n t ic a l beams and

identical colum ns. For d e v ia tio n s from th is b a s i c c o nditio n
see commentary to S t i f f n e s s I .
io e T d f^ f A cí^lS- sl e f f e c t iv e flange width ° f T ~b ^ per Sec.

(1) b 1 + /- /1 2 = 12 + 20 x 12 = 32 in
12
(2) b' + 6t: = 12 + 6 x 4 = 36 in.
s
(3) H I + b 1 = 12 x 12 + 12 _ 84 in
2
Case (1) governs ; e f f e c t iv e flange width is 32

From S t i f f n e s s 2 for A = b /b ' = 3 2 /1 2 = 2 .6 7 and B r= t / t =

4 / 2 4 - 0 .1 6 7 , r e a d :
= 1 .47
Ct

From S t i f f n e s s 1 , 2 , for D = 20 in . and t = 24 ¡in

find Cr , = 0 . 3 4 .

r '= -I x C X D X ¿L No , of col mans

C r1 b ' h No, of beams

___L_ x 0 .3 4 x 20 x 20 x 2 _ 1 .5 4
1-47 12 10 I

“ s t ™ d
eS T ™ ^ o f racT0R r ' A T I m 'S R I 0 R R00F J 0 I C T -

i s '4 -.
f ^ J>VV* V*’?■ •? i tv2-EZS52E3
t=24" ^ "T r ir
B t
~h“
h s iiO^O1 1
O ‘- O w
w _
>—-fcJ •-
“CO
-0 =20 “
i=l 2 '-0 "
H s121-O11 b‘ sI2m --/ =20‘*-0W— e**]
k -- i =2 1 —

G iv e n : Round column w ith D = 20 i n . below the jo in t only; floor

to floo r h e ig h t 1 2 ' 0 " ; beam spacing center to center 1 3 ' 0" and
span of beams center to center of columns / = 2 1 1 8 " .

S ol u t i o n ; The fo llo w in g valúes can be obtained as in Problem 9;

E f f e c t i v e flange w id t h : 65 in .
T-beara facto r C. = 1 .9 0
t
From S t i f f n e s s 1 .2 for D - 20 in . and t = 24 i n . , find C ~ 0 34
ana then c a lc ú la t e r * r* 4 f
L - -JL- x c x J2. x l ’ j No. of columns"!
b' h L of beams J

1 . VA ^ ^ '20 n 1 A Tn
PROBLEM 1 2 : DETERMINATION OF FACTOR r ‘ AT INTERIOR JOINT WHERE
COLUMN HEIGHTS DIFFER AND BEAM SPANS ARE UNEQUAL. USE OF STIFFNESS
1 .1 AND 2

G i v e n ; A l l data id e n t ic a l to Problem 9, except floor to floor

h eight = 14* 0 “ and the lower H 2 = 1 0 ' 0 ” , and the center to j
center spacing of the columns le ft of the / ^ = 25 * 8 “ and rig h t
of the jo in t I 2 ~ 8" •

F ind : r' for in t e r io r jo in t, c o nsid ering T~beam ac tio n .

So lutio n: Th is is the same as for ty p ic a l in te r io r jo in t of

Problem 9, except that m u lt ip lie r s are introduced to account for
variatio ns in span length and column h e ig h t , as explained in cora-
mentary to S t i f f n e s s 1. T h e r e f o r e , use C^ and C ^ , valúes as deter-
mined in Problem 9.

clear span l e f t of jo in t / '^ = 25 1 8** - l' 8 ” - 24 ft

clear span rig h t of jo in t /' ^ = 191 8“ - 1 ‘ 8“ =p 18 ft

clear upper floor h e ig h t h^ = 1 4 ‘ - 2 1 =12 ft

clear lower floor h eig h t h^ = 1 0 1- 2 1 = 8 ft

/ 1 / 1
Á 1 Á2
.1 C , v ^ c v ^1 * + ^ 2 * v No. of columns
-— x r* x p- x -h i h ^— ■ * No of beams

hl + h2

24 x 18
4 + 1 8

12 + 8

PROBLEM 13: DETERMINATION OF CAPACITY REDUCTION FACTOR R USING

LONG COLUMNS 1.1; COLUMN WITH RESTRAINED ENDS, BENT IN SINGLE
CURVATURE

G iven: A column in a frame in which the jo in ts are re s tr ain e d

against re la tiv e d is p la c e m e n t s , h = 12 f t , column s iz e 12 in .
square. Column bent in s in g le c u r v a t u r e . Compression Controls
the design.

1‘in d : The capacity red uctio n factor R for s le n d e rn e ss.

S o lution: h /t = (12 x 12)/12 = 12. From Long Columns 1.1, for

single curvature and h / t = 12, find
R = 0 .7 6 . T h erefo re, d e sig n for ? u/ 0 . 7 6 and Mu/ G . 7 6 .
PROBLEM 1 4 : DETERMINATION OF CAPACITY REDUCTION FACTOR R USING
LONG COLIMNS 1 . 1 : COLUMN WITH RESTRAINED ENDS, NO SIDESWAY BENT
IN DOUBLE CURVATURZ '

^iXSEi'í _ A round column 12 in . d ia d e t e r in a frame w ith jo in ts

r e s tr a in e d ag a in s t r e l a t iv e d isp la c e m e n ts, h = 20 ft, column bent
m double curvature. Compression Controls the d e s ig n .

F in d ; The cap acity red uctio n factor R for slenderness as d efined

in S e c tio n 9 1 6 (a) of ACI 318- 63.

So lu tio n : h /D = (20 x 1 2 ) / 1 2 = 2G. From Long Columns 1 .1 for dou-

b le curvature and h /D = 20, find R 0 .8 3 . T h e refo re , design for
P / 0 . 8 3 and M / O . 8 3 .
u u

PROBLEM 1 5 : DETERMINATION OF FACTOR R USING LONG COLUMNS 1 . 2 :

COLUMN WITH RESTRAINED ENDS, FRAME SUBJECT TO SIDESWAY

G iv e n : A column in a frame subjected to r e la t iv e displacem ents

between the ends of the columns. Valúes of r ' have béen computed
at the top and bottom of the column such that r , ' = 4 .0 and r ' =
8 .0 . The valué h /t is 1 2 .*

F_ind: The cap acity reductio n factor R as d e fin ed in Se c . 916ía)

of ACI 318- 63.

Ss.j-.uti o n : Since rT ' and rQ ' are both less than 25, use Case I in
Long Columns 1 . 2 . Use average r ’ at the top and bottom of column.

r A ' = % <rT ' + r B ') = *5 (4 + 8) =6

In Long Columns 1 . 2 . 2 , for r ’ = r ^ ' =6 and h /t = 12, find R = 0 .4

for Case I . Thus, d e sig n for P ^ / 0 . 4 and M / O . 4 .

PROBLEM 1 6 : DETERMINATION OF FACTOR R USING LONG COLUMNS 1 . 2 :

COLUMN HINGED AT BASE, FRAME SUBJECT TO SIDESWAY

<¿iven: A frame s u b je ct to sidesway w ith r' = 26 at the bottom of

a round column and r' = 2 at the t o p , with h / D ’ 7 . 5 . *

F ind: The cap acity r ed uctio n factor R, as d e fin ed in Sec 9 1 6 (a)

of ACI 318- 63.

So lution: Since r ^ ' = 26 and exceeds 25, the column is considered

to be hinged at the b a s e . Thus, use r 1 at the top of the column,
or r,p' = 2 .
In Long Columns 1 . 2 . 2 , Case I I , for r ' = rT 1 = 2, h /D = 7 . 5 ,
find R = 0 . 4 9 . Thus d e sig n for Pu / 0 . 4 9 and Mu/ 0 . 4 9 .

*C om pression g o v e m s the design of the cross section and

lateral loads of short duration govern the choice of strength rsductior
e q u ation .
 x s v a ^ 2' "

f e y **• e— 1 * 4 h /t K e - o f (: r

oP a c i 318-63PaCÍty reduCtÍon f a ^ or R ^ d e fin ed in Sec. 916 (a)

So lu U o n : As in Problem 15, use an average valué for r ' = r ' -

*S {V + rB ') ; | ; -- . |; . j-.■j

rA ’ = H (4 + 8) = 6
4' %'

c£ íj?‘ H ¡ V i f e S S 3
Design for Pu/ 0 . 7 3 and M / O . 7 3 . :

S al ^ S~ I0 “ FACTOR R USING LONG COLUMNS 2 . 2 :

govern t h ^ d e ^ g T * 081 t 0 P r 0 b le " 17 e* Cept that la t e r a l lo “ ds

So lH tio n : For Case I in Long Columns 2 . 2 , with r • = 6 and h /t =

6 , find R = 0 . 8 . Note t - h a í - i <* i n r

17. Design for P / O . 8 and M / O 18 pe ic e n t <3r e a ter than in probl

u u/ * •

COLUMNS 4 ^ DE"’ERMINATI0N 0F EQUIVALENT LENGTH h' USING LONG

í J T c o ¿-s t í í ^ ? -
h = 10 f t . T ' - B

fin d : The eq u iv ale n t length h ' as d e fin ed by ACI 318-63

for use in long column c a lc u la t io n s for R. ' SeC- 9 1 5 '

S o lu tio n : Sinrp hnfh v- « ^ „ .

------ ce ootñ rT and r B do not exceed 25, Case I g overns,
and average r* is used.

rA - h (r^ + rg ‘ ) = ij (4 + 5 ) - 5

For rA - 5, find h ‘/ h = 1 .9 . Thus, use h ‘ = ( 1 .9 ) x 10 = 19 ft

1 , t * J C,°m5 r e S rÍ O u gOVerns the d e s i9 n Of the cross section and

e q u aU o n ? 3 °' ° rt dUratÍ° n 9 ° Vern the choice of strength reduction
 PROBLEM 2 0 : USE OF MOMENT MAGNIFICATION METHOD WHICH SATISFIES
ARTICLE 9 1 6 (d) OF ACI 310- 63. USE OF LONG COLUMNS 3, LONG COLUMNS
5 AMD REINFORCEMEiiT 5 . ROUND COLUMNS WITH SPIRAL, SUBJECT TO S ID E ­
SWAY .j

G iven: Data id e n t ic a l to Problem 4, with Mu due to dead load only

= 54 ft- k ip s .

Pindr The req uired arca of s t e e l, A and column si?.o,

Sgluition; From Problem 4 , ' = 1 .1 9 , r0 ' = 1 .3 3 , g = 0 .8 , D =

24 i n . , fc * = 3 k si, and 1f = 60 k s i . Column height = 12 f t .
A s s ta in q an unbraced fram e, C = 1 . 0
01
r = 0 .2 5 (24) = 6 . 0 in .

In Long Columns 3 . 2 , for rT ' * 1 .1 9 and = 1 .3 3 find k = 1 .3 8

so kh = 1 .3 8 x 144 = 199 in .

In Long Columns 5 .1 for D = 24 in . find

(1 + K¡j() El i« 205 x 105 k i p - i n .2

The factor reduces EX for long term lo a ds, and

= 0.2
T o ta l Load M 26*9
u

Th us, El = 205 x 1 0 S = 171 x 1 0 5 kip- in? so

1 + 0.2

X «I = ( 9 .8 7 ) (171 x 105 )
(kh) (1 9 9 )
or
P = 4260k ip s

The moment magnií ic a tio n factor is

C
m 1. 0
F = = 1.267
1 - Pu/Pc <*>
1 - x 0 .7 5
4260
T hus, d e s ig n the colmstn for a magnificad moa-ant

M ’ = F x Mu = 1 .2 6 7 x 269 = 340 ft-k ip s

NOTE that Pu is not increased by applying F . A lso note that beam

moments must be designed for an increase in moment of 340 - 269
= 71 f t -k i p s .

20
 To design the e q uivalent short column, c alcú late

K = Pu/ / ( f c' ° 2) = 6 7 2 /(3 x 576} = 0 .3 9

Ke/D Mu / ( f c d ) - (340 x 1 2 ) / ( 3 x 13,824) = 0 .098

Enter Uniaxial Chart No. 31 w i t h .K = 0 . 3 9 and K e /t

interpólate to read = 0 .0 2 6 0 . 0 9 8 and

iUnSindiamPtpmfeT ntÍal S p llC e s' not^ in ^ inforcernent 5 . 3 . 2 that a 24

in diameter c o l u mn c a n c o n t a i n 18 #7 b a r s , pr o vi di ng pt = o 026

Ts f - - '1n1 .7f ssq n #p

a T in. or fReinforcement
From ge; and * * =7 4select
5 2 - A -15=: - #8 = 1 1 .8 sq in.

Given: The f o l l o w m g Service le v e l a x ia l forces and moments-

» • i ! ■1 ¡ ■
A 2 ü ¿ l_F o r c e ¿ Kips Moment. Ft-k ips
Dead Load 80
200
Live Load 100 300
Wind Load 100 100

1506 o£DftCI9 318-í;3*ti0nS ^ ultím ate load, as ce i : ncd by Seetion

=tíof r-rx ; c
OTp
% a.r. S ', d¿ S a r “ on
n Lq. {15- 1), H
(15-2) and “ (15-3)
d »— of“ a« p«i *
*— í rcS' t h.

CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3

U = (1 .5 D + 1 .8 L ) U = 1 .2 5 (D+L+W)
Using Load U = 0 .9 D Hr l .l w
Using Load Using Load
Factors 1 .2 Factors 1 .2 Factors 2 .2
Pu = 182 kips
Pu = 300 kips * (compression)
Pu = 350 kips
or - 38 kips
Mu = 840 ft-kips Mu = 750 ft-kips (a x ia l tensión)
Mu - 290 ft-kips
*or 7 0 ft-kips
----- --------

rwo solutions sin ce wind may come from e ith e r d ir e c t io n .

 pase 1 provides My = 840 ft- kips, Py =300 kips and therefore
the largest ratio e = M /p
u' u
Case 2 provides the larg est a x ia l compression load, p = '.50
k ip s. u “

Case 3 provides a tensión a x ia l load. T h e r e fo r e ,' a ll three

of those cases should be i n v e s t i g a t e s .
v

PROBLEM 2 2 : USE OF LOAD FACTORS 1 AND 2: WHEN SERVICE LOADS ARE

OTHER THAN ROUND-NUMBER VALUES TABULATED

G iven: Bending moments at Service loads as fo lio w s :

Dead load moment = 120 ft-kips

L iv e load moment — 140 ft-kips
Wind load moment = 100 ft-kips

F ind : Ultim ate bend in g moment - as given b y :

E q .( 1 5 - 1 ) , U = 1 .5 D + 1. 8 L ; and Eq. (1 5 .2 ), U - 1 .2 5(D + L+ W ).

S^olux i o n : In t e r p o ia t io n can be used, or service loads can be

separated into any selected increments for which the answers appear
d ir e c t l y m the t a b l e s .

In Load Factors 1.1:

For D = 100 ft-kips and L = 100 ft- kips, read

Mu = 330 ft-kips

for D = 20 ft-kips and L => 40¡ ft- kips, read

Mu = 102 ft-kips ' ¡ J

? ^ E q *, (1 5 _ 1 ) f ° r ° = (1 0 ° + 20) = 120 ft-klips and L =

(1 0 0 + 40) = 140 ft- k ip s:

Mu = (330 + 102) *| 432 ft-kips

S im il a r l y ,

For D = 50 ft-kips and (L+W) = 100 ft-kips M = 188 ft-kips

for D = 50 ft-kips and (L+W) = 100 ft-kips Mu = 188 ft-kips

for D =-2 Q , ft-kips and (L+W) U 40 ft-kips M = 75 ft-kips

120 ft-kips 240 ft-kips u "Í5T"ft- kips

Henee, for D = 1 2 0 , (L+W) = 240, by Eq. (15-2) = 451 ft- kips

Any other s e le c t io n of increments w i l l produce the saíne r e s u lts

as long as the same number of frac tio n s is m aintained for a l l load-
ings.. The sanie procedure can be Used w ith Load Factors 2.
 Note a lso that D can be divided by 1 0 ,1 0 0 e t c ., as long as L,
L jW and W are a lso divided by the s^me number. The solution thus
achieved is a reduced valué which must be multiioiied by the same
number to obtain true m om ents. The s^m e proces¿ can ¡be used with
m ültip lication.

U h s “ Pe r P ° f itio n ^ay not be used . For example, i f D = 50

for D - 50 't -"inn m a £ n ot be obtained by summing the results
r , 50, L - 100 and D = 50, L = 50. This would produce the so-
lution for D ~ 50 + 50 = 100, and L *= 100 + 50 150;

n !2 n o ^ T ,3: FIND TENSI0N STEEL FOR RECTANGULAR COLUMN WITH NO

CuMPRESSIVE REINFORCEMENT TENSION CONTROL. USE OF BEAM COLUMNS

♦ b

f f

<
1
1 L

Given: Pe* - 200 ft~kips = 20 in . I

= 114 kips = 6 0 ,0 0 0 psi
b 10 in . = 4 ,0 0 0 p si
d = 1 7 .5 in .

For a rectan gu lar sectio n sub ject to a x ia l load P and

bending moment measured about the tensión reinforcem ent Pue
determine the amount of tensión reinforcem ent needed for the'
s e c tio n .
So lu tio n :
Pu/ f c 'bd : 1 1 4 /(4 x 10 x 1 7 .5 ) = 0 .1 6 3
Pue ' / f c 'b d 2 = 200 x 1 2 / ( 4 x 10 x 1 7 . 5 ? ) = 0 .1 9 6

Note: For th is case since A c' = 0 . 0 ; (cp - c'p 'Jm becomes just
cpm and íf fg = f it becomes jus t pm. c ' p ’m (1- d’ / d ) = 0 i f A C2 = 0.1

beams designed w i l l have the tensión reinforcem ent stres-

f to y ie ld I f the stre ss is not at y ie ld the beam is over-rein-
^orced. To check th is c o n d itio n , enter the chart at the l e f t w ith
u / c • Proceed h o r iz o n t a lly to the curve c 'p 'r a (l- d ’ / d ) = 0
for no
TC compression
,-u j-f-z r r r » i rein forcem ent.
. £-_________
.. Then proceed UUWilWCU
downward
u to
Uí read
£ ^ T r r h íi l H A -- ------- J A* ■
» . .
the £s valué read from the chart is greater than f , then
the cross-sect;ion is under- reinf orced . x- y
If t is equal to £ the
cross—sectio n is at balanced c o n d itio n . , T y i
If f is less than f the
cross-section is o v e r - r e in fo r c e d . b y

When f s is less than fy, the e f f e c t iv e area of tensión rein-

forcement is reduced by the r a t io c = f / f
s y’
 Enter Beam Columns 1 .1 at the le ft where Pue ' / f c ‘b d 2 = 0 196
proceed h o r iz o n t a l l y to c 1p ' m( 1- d■/d li) = oí Then proceed v e r t i c a l í v
downward to where P ^ b d = 0 .1 6 3 ; then move horL- ontally to the
rig h t to read (c p - c 'p ')m = 0 . 1 4 .

fs is found b y e xten d ing the v e r t ic a l lin e of constant a /d

down to the scale in the lower r ig h t hand córner of the chart
For th is case the apparent valué of fg is greater than f (60 k s i ) ;
th e r e fo r e , it is taken equal to f = 60 k s i.

S;fnce fs//fy is '3r eater than or equal to 1 . 0 , c = 1 .0 and

( cp - e ' p ' ) m = pm.

For pm = 0 . 1 4 , p = 0 .1 4 t (f / 0 . 8 5 f ')
y c ‘
A e = pbd
s
0 .1 4 x (0 .8 5 x 4 /6 0 ) x 10 x 17
A = 1 . 3 9 sq i n .
s

N ote: T h is sanie type of problera can be solved w ith other de = iqn

^ í d s ^ a v a il a b l e m Ultjjnate Strength D esiqn Handbook. V . l . Acr
SP-17. R efer to Example 3 in that book. "

FORBRECTANrrn t e n s i o n a n d COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT

11 í 4 COLUMN (TENSION CON TR OL). USE OF BEAM COLUMNS

d'

f d -

]L
G iv e n : = 350 ft-kips
V d* 2 .5 in .
= 114 kips t 20 in .
f 6 0 ,0 0 0 p s i
b = 10 in . y
d *= 1 7 .5 i n . f 1 4 ,0 0 0 p s i
c
Find : For a rectan gu lar seetio n su b je ct to a x ia l load P
and
bendiñg monten t measured about the ténsion r e i n f orcernent P e
determine the rainimum tension reinfdreem ent A q and compression
reinforcernent A
s
So lu tio n ;

d ’/ d = 2 .5 /1 7 1 .5 • , 0 .1 4 3
Pu c ' bd “ 1 1 4 / ( 4 x 10 x 1 7 .5 ) | = 0 .1 6 3
pue ’ / f c ,bd2 = 350 X 1 2 / ( 4 x 10 X ■17 .!5 2 ) = 0 .3 4 3

j A quicrk check can be made to assure that cpmpressive rein-

w S r T t h e ípn^Tq U i r e d 'f Enter CoiLumns L ' X ¿rom the bottora
whi..re the tension r e m f orcernent ; stress is 60 k s i, proceed u d -
L f í effrom
to the l e f t
í nteÍKCCtÍOn “ Íth f V - U - d '/ d ) ¡Í M Proceeding
this p o in t , ve ísee that with no coupression
rernforcement Pue '/ f c 'bd2 . 0.222 only, whxch lí ledlllntte
required 0 . 3 4 3 . Therefoire, compression r e in f orcernent is re q u ir e d .

J e l d e d min£ r . “ t; ° f tenf ion reinforcem ent is used when it is

y ie ld e d . Enter the d e sig n chart w ith f g = 60 ksi and proceed ver-
t ic a l l y to the in t e r s e c t io n witjí Pu/ ¿ c ‘bd = 0 . 1 6 3 . Then proceed
h o r izo n t a lly to the r ig h t to read (c p - c 'p ')m = 0 .2 3 .

Enter at the left s id e of jthe chart with P^e'/f ’b d 2 = 0 .3 4 3

and then proceed horizontally to the vertical line through f = 60
ktji and read c'p‘m(l - d ’ / d ) = 0 .1 9 9 . S

To find fs ' / f y , follo w the v e r t ic a l lin e through .f = 60 k si

into the upper le ft córner chart to d ' / d = 0 .1 4 3 . Since th<=> in ^or
seetion f a l l s o utsid e the upper chart, f g 1 w o u ld 'b e found to be
greater than 60 k s i . T h e r e fo rq , c 1 m ust.be taken equal to 1 . 0 .

C alc ú late p ' from c 'p * m (1 - d ' / d ) = 0 .1 9 9

P '= 0 . 1 9 9 x ( 1 . ) x ( 0 .8 5 x 4 / 6 0 ) / ( l - 2 . 5 / 1 7 . 5 ) = 0 . 0131

C alc ú late p from the e xp ressio n (cp - c 'p ') m = 0 .2 3

p = 0 .2 3 x ( 0 .8 5 x 4 /6 0 ) + 1 .0 x 0 .0 1 3 1 = 0 .0 2 6 1
Henee
A 0 .0 2 6 1 x 10 x 1 7 .5 = 4 .5 7 sq i n .
s
 l.lJ-TO 1 4 . ur.*¡>.UM> jCONTROL) . USE OF m n " COLUMNS
BEAM
colü * » «"■

Gi v e n :
V 350 ft —kips d 2 .5
u 114 kips t 20 in.
b 10 in .
d f\ 6 0 ,0 0 0 psi
1 7 .5 in .
A 3 .0 sq i n . f 4 ,0 0 0 ps i
fin d :

^
3 0 in
n/L:nrr:?9:::;u: : r : ; : r : r ;
nf ■
to -
tensión reinforcem ent w ith
• U l n - of compression reinforcement- ^
amount of tensión r e in fo r c e m e n t” ' termine the necessary
So lu tio n ?
d ' /d
= 2 •5 /1 7 .5
V f c ' bd ^ - 1 1 4 / ( 4 x 10 x 1 7 .5 )
0.143
0.163
Pue , / f c ,bd
350 x 1 2 / ( 4 x 10 x 1 7 . 5 2 ) =
0.343
Assume f ' = f
® y to start (it w i l l be checked later)
and compute c ' p ' m d - Xa>
’ //A
d )\. )

c ' p ' m( 1 - d ’ / d ) = i 3 .0 60
10 x 1 7 .5 0 .6 5 x 4~ U-- 0 .1 4 3 )
= 0 .2 6

Enter Beam Columns 1 . 1 from

the^left with Pue ' / f c ' bd2 = 0. 343
proceed to the r ig h t to C p ' m d - d ' / I ) = 0 .26

l i n e ? h r o u g h T ^ S= 16 5 eí n Co r ° e l s e Sth ea¿ f f t 0 , the le ft ° f the v e r t ic a l

reinforcem ent w i l l be reduced by f / f ef f ^ v e n e s s of the t e n s ile
arrangement could be obtained k v -S y’ . a -ternafce reinforcem ent
f i j " reinforcem ent to an amount w h i c r v i l í ^ a ^ ®®ount of compres-
forcement to be stra ined beyond its J i i í d s t r a i n . t6n SÍle CeÍn"
From c ' p ' m d - d '/ d í - n oco
0 . 1 4 3 , then h o r iz o n t a l iy t ¡ ^ f f ?r^ e d v e r t i c a l l y to d ' / d -
much d i f f e r e n t from f - 60 w h k f s ' ÍS nofc
rom f y _ 60 k s i , the valué of 60 ksi can be u sed .
If f s ’ is s i g n i f i c a n t l y d if f e r e n t from f then the chart must be
reenterec w ith a new, valué of c 'p j m (l - d ' / d ) based on a new as-
sumed valué of f g . Su ccessiv e t r iá is should be concinued un til
the assumed and actual f 1 are c ió se .

To find (cp - c 'p ') m , enter Beam Columns 1 .1 with P e ' / f ‘bd"
an^ - % ? Ceeí ! h o r iz o n t a Jlly j-0 the ~finyai—l , . choáen valué of
c
L 'p
D ’i m(l
iT l I I —
d ' // dn )i .
M
Proceed
O v~ r t W
v e r t. iJ c____1
a lAl y , td P / f 'bd.. i

u c 0 .1 6 3 and then
h o r izo n ta lly to find the valué of (cp c 'p m = 0.12.

F ollow ing the lin e of constant a /d downward to the £ s c ilé

it is seen that the apparent valué of £g is greater than! f . ¡
T h e r e fo r e , c should be taken equal to 1 . 0 .

Calcúlate p ;
( cp - c ' p ') m 0.12
cp - c ' p ' 0.12
m

1 x p 0.12
6 0 7 6 .85 x 4 "* 1 x
10 x 1 7 .5
p = 0 .0 2 3 9

C alcúlate requireid tension s te e l área:

Ag = p b d
= 0 .0 2 3 9 x 10 x 1 7 .5
= 4 .1 8 sq in .

PROBLEM 2 6 : COLUMN DESIGNED FOR PURE BENDING TENSION STFVT nwrv

(TENSION CONTROL) . USE OF BEAM COLUMNS 1 1 T¿ ™ I0N &TEEL 0NLY

C«

G iven: M
u V = 20 in .
p„ = o (e = o q )
— 6 0 ,0 0 0 ps i
b 10 i n .
d - 4 ,0 0 0 p s i
1 7 .5 in .

d e te r ™Í M
 Solution:

W bd * o
|Pue'/£c 'bd2 . Mu/fc 'bd =■ 143 x 12/(4 xl 10 x 17.52)=0.14

r ss t h “ ° - 22 i r e £ e r « * » .

y íe íd :„ 7 r tr n° t ed 4 «. — « -
s e c t io n . s t h e i e .o r e an under- reinforced cross-

chart at the le ft^w h e r e "’? ^ ? ^ ? ^ ! t e J¡s J-on r e inforcement enter the

: : .-p - a . * . * , . o i : ° : : : T ; : : ? : : ? ao.
(= i » ) . *K¡n£g^0“ ;?3hn ; ^
methods of Examples ^ a n d ^ ^ o ? ^ l t i ^ 1^ q3Y a l S ° be solved hY th*=>
V .l ACI S p e c ia l P u b U c a t i o n No Design Handbook
p lie d by 9/7. °* 1 1 ' x± the giv en moment TTm U rtT-

A » B;:JO M P R É ¿ s i ? f S i n ? 0 R C e S .'“oSE^r BEAM ^COLUMNS

t ^ b i _ f d'
t 1 ~ Msmm
f
d — Cc

| L ‘ ffiKSLJíl
• ' - f
Given: M
Pue 342 ft-kips d = 2.5 in.
P = o (e = 0 0 )
u t ® 20 in .
b 10 in.
d 17.5 in. f — 60,000 ps i
* 4, 000 psi

the minimum a m o S í t ^ f 1 t e n s i í e 1 ?eihforcíraeí? PUre b e n d in 9< determine

forcement r e q u ir e d . einíorcem ent ana compressive rein- *
 So lu tio n :

d '/ d = 2 .5 /1 7 .5 = 0 .1 4 3
V fc ’bd = 0
pue / f c 342 X 12 (4 x 10 x 1 7 . p2 ) = 0 .3 3 6

Since Pue / f 'bd lis greatér than 0 .2 2 2 (ais eJLlal h •

Pr oblem 2 4 ) , it can be seen t h a t onm ! “ ' exp la^ed m
required i f an over- reinforced c r o ^ r e |Lnfb:rce¿ent is
av oided. cross- section d e s ig n is to be

The minimura amount of te n s ile

r e in f !" L Mí
14 e xa ctly at and not beyond vipíd ^ f ° tCeraen^ is used when it
at the bottom w ith f = f » 60 k-i oln ' Entpr Beam Columns 1 .
the U n e of P / , .b d S- 0 £ . ' ‘>C' f d to w he.e
zc n t a lly to r e a d c (cp - c ' p ' ^ thÍS pOÍnt P ^ c e e d hori-

Enter at the l e f t w ith P e ' / f 'b d 2 = o n s - [

zo n ta lly to the i n t . ™ «. • U■ C proceed hori-
, Y to the in t e r s e c t io n with the a /d line at f - f _ 3
At this p oint read c ' p ' ra(l - d ' / d ) = 0 .1 8 5 . S y "

o then h o r iz o£notii°
a l lwy the u n e °f £ ' c° nstant
to read c, a/<¡
u - «- «a»« dj .
outs ide the „pp,.c chart, £ . „ ¡ f . *?C* thc « ‘ « . e c t i o n , fallj
s y
60 ksi.

Calcúlate p' from c 'p'm(l U d'/d) = 0 . 1 8 5

P' - 0.185 x (0.85 x 4 /60)/(l - 0.143) = 0.0123
Calcúlate p from (cp - c'p')m = 0.503
P = 0.503 x (0.85 x 4 /60) + l.Q x 0>0123 = 0 ^ 4Qg
Henee

- 0.0409 x 10 x 17.5 = 7.17 sq in.

V 0.0123 x 10 x 17.5 = 2.15 sq in.

:¿9
PROBLEM 2 8 : FIND TENSION STEEL FOR COLUMN WITH NO COMPRES <5fnw
REINFORCEMENT (TENSION C ON T R OL). USE OE BEAM COLUMNS ^ 1 T o l . 4 ,
-b-

WBS&MM

Gjve n : e = - 2 8 .5 in , t 20 in .
Pu = - 9 0 .0 kips f 6 0 ,0 0 0 psi
"b = 10 in . 4 ,0 0 0 ps i
<3 = 1 7 .5 in .

F ind : For a rectan gu lar sectio n sub ject to a x ia l tensión ( -p )

and b ending moment measured about the t e n s ile reinforcem ent P e ' .
Find the amount of t e n s il e reinforcem ent for the se c tio n .

NOTE: 0 = 0 . 9 may be used for a x ia l ten sió n , but the Beam

Column charts are based on ¡3 = 0 . 7 . Therefo re 7 /9 p i s used to
enter the charts for this a x ia l tensión problem . The m odified P
for this problem i.s 7 / 9 x-90 kips or-70 k ip s. U

So lu tio n: (using m odified P )

P (e + d z_t/2} llQ X (- 28.5 + 1 7 .5 - 2 0 /2 ) = 0 .1 2

f c 'b d 2 4 x 10 x 1 7 . 5 2

W M -70/ (4 x 10 x 1 7 .5 ) = „ -o . 1

_ Por th is case sin ce A g ■ = 0, ( c p - c 'p ') m becomes just cpm. If

s ~ ty xt becomes ju st pm.

Enter Beam Columns 1 .1 at the le ft margin w ith P e * / f ' b d 2 = 0 .1 2

l í ° ^ ef h h 0 rÍf 0 n t a í"ly t0 c P ’m(l-d */d ) = 0 . 0 . Then p r o c e e d ^ e r t i c a l

y to the e xtra p o lated U n e of Pu/ f c 'bd = - 0 .1 0 . From this point
proceed h o r iz o n t a l l y and read (cp-c'jp')m = 0 .3 9 ( = pm) .

Then A g = 0 . 3 9 x ( 0 .8 5 x 4 /6 0 ) x 10 x 1 7 .5 = 3 .8 7 sq in .

. ThJ s type oí problem is also solved in Example 3A , Case 1

p r i ^ t f r f 's K " -iren5— Handbook, V . l (Second and later
PROBLEM 29 : DESIGN RECTANGULAR SECTION WITH EQUAL TENSION AND
CQMPRESSION STEEL (TENSION FAILURE) s USE OF BEAM COLUMNS 1 .1 TO 1

(■
*-b *+■
1 r d'
?
i t f
T
t d - —¡~f—
•f s d-l/2
í _ mmmm j L
!

G iv e n : P e1 350 ft -k ip d" 2 ,5 in.*

u
P = 114 kips ' t
u 20 in.
b ar 10 in . / 6 0 ,0 0 0 psi
d = 17 . 5 iny
4 ,0 0 0 psi

Find :
_______ For a rectan gu lar seetio n subject
to a x ia l and load P
u
bending raoment rcieasured about the t e n sile reinforcem ent P e 1
| U * s i, :
determine the amountsof t e n s ile and compressive reinforcem ent for

Solut ion i
d 1/c = 2 .5 /1 7 .5 0 .1 4 3
P / i 'bd = 1 1 4 / ( 4 x 10 x 17. 5 )
u c 0 .1 6 3
P e '/ 'f 'b d : 350 x 1 2 / ( 4 x 10 x 1 7 . 5 2 ) 0 .3 4 3
u 7 c

Notes For the above cond ition A = A the exp ression (cp-c ’ p ' )m
s s
becomes (c - c ’ )pm. Assurae f g= f g ' = f to s t a r t . f g ’ w i l l be
changed in later c a l c u l a t i o n s . Enter the chart from the right
with (c- c')pm - 0 . 0 . Proceed h o rizo n t a lly to P /t ‘bd = 0 .1 6 3 .
Proceed v e r t i c a l l y to d ' / d = 0 .1 4 2 then h o r iz o n t a lly to f 47 k s i .
Ihis is not equai to 60 k s i as assum ed. To find an approxiraate
valué of p'm (= p m ), proceed v e r t ic a lly on the lin e o f 'c o n s t a n t a/d
to the in te r s e c tio n w ith P e ' / f ,'b d 2 = 0 .3 4 3 We find that c 'p 'm
(l- d '/d ) = 0 .34. From t h i s , p'm is found as

p'm Té 0 .3 4 x (6 0 /4 7 )/(1 - 2 .5 /1 7 .5 ) 0 .5 1

Note that the a/d lin e does not in te r se c t the f scale and
thus c is taken equal to 1 . 0 . Then (c - c ’ )pm = 0 .5 1 x (1 - 4 7 /6 0 )
» 0 .1 1 (the assumed valué was 0 . 0 ) . For the second t r i a l asaume
an average valué of (c- c ‘ )pm = 0 .0 5 . Proceeding through the chart
as in the f i r s t t r i a l , we find c 'p 'm ( l - d ' / d ) = 0 .3 1 and f '= 53 k s i
S i.

pm = 0 .3 1 x ( 6 0 /5 3 ) / (1 - 2 . 5 / 1 7 . 5 ) = 0 .4 1
pm (1 - 5 3 /6 0 ) = 0 .0 4 7 5 (cióse to assumed valué of 0 .0 5 )
 When the assumed and c alculated valúes of (c - c ') p * are cióse
_he f i n a l valué os the exp ressio n can be used to calcúlate A and' A
S

I As ~ As ~ 0.41 x (0.85 x 4/60) x 10 x 17.5 = 4,07 square linches

F A rFS
NOTE: T h is type of problem can also be solved usina U n ia x ia l
Charts 77-96. ! : r ... M

FOliR
ON
DI^TRIRliTFn
FOUAUY
C.OIUMNS: RFINFORCFMFNT
TIED
RECTANGUIAR

ce
<

32
 -R EC TA N G U LA R TIED C O LU M N S ; R EIN FO R C EM EN T E Q U A LL Y PISTRIBU TED Q N FO UR FACES
TA B LE 1-1

1= 0.7 9 = 0.8 1= 0.9

1= 0.6

*c fy
lh -Lk
k si Kr 'm 'm
ksi

0.2944 0.2525 0.4761 0.3118 0.2379 0.4761 0.2234 0.4761 0.595c

O. 329I
0.0 0.2771 0.2670 0.4761 0.2706 0.5231 0.6507
0,2801 0.3062 0.5166 0.2996 0.2942 0.5192 0.3185 0.2824 0.5206 0.3370
0,1 0.^4500.3156 0.5693 o .70d¡4
0-3446 C .3047 0• O.p 6O8 0.3252 0.3250 0.5648
0.2 0.2831 0.5571
o . 3585 0.6152 0.7621
0.2860 0.3822 0.5980 0.3098 0.3736 0.6031 0.3319 0.3659 0.6087 0.3530
0.3
< 0.4 O. 289O 0.4190 0.6384 0.3149 0.4113 0.6455 0.3386 0.4052 O .6529 0.3609 0.3996 0.6608 0.8178
0.2920 0.6790 0.3200 o .4478 0.6875 0.3453 0.4429 O .6967 0.3689 0.4389 0.7065 0.8735
4.0 40.0 0.5 0.4551 0.7408 0.3768 o.4?66 0.7513 0.9292
0.2950 0.4904 0.7197 0.3251 0.4832 0.7331 0.3520 0.4792
0.6
O .5250 0.7602 0.3302 0.5175 0.7730 0.3588 0.5142 0.7843 0.3848 0.5127 -0,7968 0.9849
0.7 0.29T9
0.8 0.3009 0.5589 0.8007 0.3353 0.5508 0.8146 0.3655 0,5*79 0.8283 0.3928 0.5473 ■9.8417 1.-9406
0.5922 0.8412 0.3404 0.5830 0.8569 0,3722 0.5803 0.8722 0.4007 0.5806 0.8868 1.0963
0.9 0.3039
l.O 0.6248 0.8816 0.3456 0.6143 0.8993 0.3789 0.6116 0.9175 0.4087 0.6125 0.9320 1.1520
0.3069
0.4T6r 0.2890 O . 476I 0,3051 0.2436 0.4761 0.5950
0.0 O .2569 0.2840 0.4761 0.2729 5T2TÜ5
0.5181 0.2928 0,3078 0.5202 0.3104 0.2970 O .5229
0.1 0.2563 0.3299 0.5159 0.2749 0.3187 0 . 569c 0.707"
0.3760 O .5569 O .2769 0.3661 0.5599 0.2967 0.3572 0.5645 0.3156 0.3486
0.2 0.2558 0.3209 0.3985 0 .6146 0 ,?t>4j
0.3 0.2552 0.4223 0.5961 0.2788 0.412-9 0.6017 0.3005 0.4053 0.6079
0.3043 0.4523 0.6530 0.3262 0.4468 0.6623 0,8208
< 0 . 1+ 0.254? 0.4688 0.6360 0.2808 0.4591 0.6438
o .6858 o .3082 0.4981 0.6955 0.3315 0.4935 0.7054 0.8773
4.0 50.0 0.5 0 . 2541 0.5155 0.6761 0.2827 0.5046
0.7279 0,3120 0.5427 0.7391 0.3368 0.5388 0.7530 0.9337
0.6 0.2536 0.5624 0.7164 0.284? 0.5495
0.5827 0.7958 0.9902
0.6095 0.7565 0 . 2866 0.5937 0.7699 0.3158 0.5863 O .7832 0.3421
0.7 0.2530 0.3474 ,0.8408 1.046?
0.8 0.2525 0.6568 0.7967 0.2886 0.6374 0.8153 0.3196 o .6288 0.8264 0.6253
0.8856 1.1031
0 .9 0.2519 0.7043 0.8370 0.2905 0.6805 0.8539 0.3235 0.6703 0.8700 0.3527 0.6665
0.3273 0,7109 0.9140 0.3580 0.7066 0.9309 1.1596
1.0 0.251^ 0.7520 0.8770 O .2925 0,7230 13.8961
r\ ocr).h o .2861 0,4761 0.2736
0.2693 0.4761 0.2843 O. 26IO 0.4761 0-5950
0.2987 0.4”6Í
0.0 0.2394
0.5160 0.2535 0.3406 0.5170 0.3304
0.2706 0.5195 0.2872 0 . 3205- r\ rr 3,5519
0.1 0.2405 0.3474
0.2 0.3986 0.5533 0.2526 0 . 395^ 0.5579 0.3868
0 . 2718" 0.5625 0.2901 0.3788 43,5676-. 0, 708'-'
0,2345 0.6054 0.2930 O,-436a xu5l2k 0.7659
0.2284 O .4525 O .5923 O .2518 0.4506 0,5991 0.4426
0.2731
0.3 0.4980
0.2743 0.6485 0.2958 0.4 920 0.6572 0.8228
< 0.4 0,2223 0.5093 0.6311 0.2509 0.5062 0.639T
0.6699 0.2500 0.5622 0.6808 0.2755 0.5528 0.6914 0 . 298? 0.5470 0.7019 o.8?y8
4.0 60.0 0.5 0.2162 0.5693 0.7344 0.3016 0.6009 o.?464 0.9368
0.6 0.2102 0.6328 0.7119 0.2491 0.6186 0.7233 0.2768 0.6072
0.2041 0.7001 0.7482 0.2463 0.6753 0.7633 0.2780 0.6610 0.7773 0.3045 0.6538 0 . 791Ó 0.9937
0.7 0.8235 0.3074 0.T05T 0.8353" 1.0507
0.8 O .I 96O 0.7715 0.7870 0.24J4 0.7325 0.8042 0,2793 0.7144
0.1920 0.84?4 0.8264 0.2465 0.7901 0.8455 0.2805 0.7673 0.8632 0.3102 o .7566 0.8798 1.1077
0.9 0,9062 O .3131 0.8066 0.9241 1.1647
0.8655 0.2456 0.8480 0.8868 0 .281? 0.8198
1.0 0.1859 10-9283

tí
 TABLE 1-2—RECTANGULAR TIED COLUMNS; REINFORCEMENT EGUALLY DISTRIBUTED ON FOUR FACES

ef 3 = 0.7 g = 0 .8 9 —0.9
’v pf m
- K©
\ ksi k%i k*. 1 1 .. 1 % 1/ tf r'm
Kfa t D f Km r'm ,vb {
j »
0.0 0.2608 0.2807 0.4760 0.2771 0.2670 10.4760 0.2934 0.4760 0.3097 0.2395 0.4760 0.5950
0.2533
0 .1 0.2627 0.3224 0.5171 0.2811 0.3111 0.5166 0.2990 0.5186 0.3165 0.2890 0.5208 0.6481
0.3001
0.2 0 . 261*7 0.3635 0.5541 0.2851 0.3540 0.5572 0.3045 0.3451 O . 56O8 O .3232 0.3364 0.5648 0.7013
0*3 0.2666 0.4040 0.5930 0.2891 0.3957 0.5976 0.3100 O .3886 0.6028 0.3299 O . 38I 8 _0.6l04 0.7545
0.4 0 . 268? 0.4439 0.6321 0.2931 O .4363 O . 638I 0.3156 0.4305 0.6452 0.3367 0.4254 0.6525 0.8077
5.0 40.0 0-5 0.2704 0.4833 0.6709 0.2971 0.4757 O .6787 0.3211 0.4709 0.6873 0.3434 0.4673 0.6959 0.8608
0,6 0.2724 0.5221 0.7097 0.3010 0.5141 0.7194 O .3266 0.5100 0.7292 0.3501 0.5076 0.7393 0.0140
0.7 0.27^3 0.5603 0.7486 0.3050 0.5516 0.7598 0.3322 0.5478 0.7738 0.3569 0.5464 0.7826 O .9672
0.8 0.2762 0.5980 0.7891 0.3090 0.5880 0.8002 0.3377 0.5844 0.8132 0.3636 0.5837 0.8260 1 . 020»¡
0*9 0.2782 0.6352 0.8294 0.3130 0.6235 0.8412 0.3432 O .6198 0.8552 0.3703 O.bl'JJ 0.8691 1.0736
1.0 0.2801 0.6719 0.8649 0.3170 O .6582 0.8817 0.3488 0.6540 0.8974 O . 377 I O .6544 0.9130 1.1267

0*0 0.2253 0.3106 0.4760 0.2394 0.2987 0.4760 0-2535 O .2869 0.4760 0.2676 0.2751 0.4760 0.5950
0.1 0.2254 0.3629 0.5141 0.2379 0.3567 O .5161 0.2540 0.3472 0.5184 0.2697 0.3379 0.5210 0.6502
0.2 0.2187 0.4186 0.5520 0.2363 0.4154 0.5561 0.2545 0.4072 0.5605 0.2718 0.3998 0.5651 0.7055
0,3 0.2119 0.4777 0.5901 0.2347 0.4750 O .5962 0.2550 0.4671 0.6024 0.2740 0.4607 0.6090 0."608
0.4 0.2052 0.5407 0.6284 0.2332 0.5353 0.6364 0.2556 0.5266 0.6445 0.2761 0.5207 O .6527 0.8161
5.0 | éO.O 0.5 O .I 985 0.6079 0.6663 0.2316 0.5964 0.6764 O. 256I O. 586O 0.6864 0.2782 0.5798 0.6961 0.8fl4
0.6 0.1918 0.6799 0.7081 0.2301 O .6583 0.7165 0.2566 0.645a 0.2803
0.7286 - O. 638O 0-73Tí 0.9267
0.7 O .I 851 0.7570 0.7447 0^2285 0.7211 0.7572 O .2571 0.7039 0.7703 0.2825 0.6953 0.7833 0.9819
0.8400 U * iOJud ^ *r¡rQ!.w
V O r
\
W*«jrrvCO
■ 0.2576 0 .Té25 0.8121 0 .28^6 O .7517 0.8264 1.0372
o.S 0.1764
0.9 0.1717 0.9294 0.8193 0.2254 0.8493 0.8371 0.2581 0.8209 0.8559 0.2867 O . 8Ó73 0.8698 I .0925
1.0 0.1650 1.0262 0.8579 0.2239 0.9147 0.8809 O .2587 0.8791 0.8958 0.2888 0.8621 0.9133 1.1478

TABLE 2-1-R O U N D COLUMNS WíTH SPIRALS; REINFORCEMENT ARRANGED IN A CIRCLE

i
 -

JL

T A B LE 2-1 — RO U N D CO LUM N S WíTH SPIRALS; REIN FORCEM EN T ARRANGED IN A CIRCLE

g = 0 .7 a = 0.8
K K i
p. m
kci ksi Ik Ib.. Ik
D D 'm D 'm

0.0 0.2285 0.2307 0.4450 0.2471 0.2149 0.4450 0.2656 0.1992 0.4450 0.2841 0.1837 0.4450 0.5006
0.1 0.2333 O .2591 0.4837 0.2544 0.2443 0.4844 0.2748 0.2300 0.4854 0.2948 0.2161 0.4866 0.5475
0, 2 0.2381 0.2863 0.5225 0.2617 0.2720 0.5239 0.2848 O .2589 0.5257 0.3054 0.2463 0.5279 0.5944
r\ «I.aO r\ ■5inh 0,5612 0,2690 0,2982 0.5634 O .2932 0.2859 O. 566O 0.3161 0.2744 0.5691 0.6413
0.3 \j *
< 0.4 0.2476 0.3376 0.5996 0.2763 0.3231 0.6028 0.3024 0.3112 0.6063 O .3267 O. 3OO7 0.6104 0.6802
4.0 40.0 0.5 0.2524 0.3618 0.6387 O .28360.3466 0.6426 O .3116 0.3351 0.6468 0.3374 0.3253 0.6517 0.7350
0.6 0.2571 0.3851 0.6774 0.2909 0.3690 0.6822 0.3208 0.3576 0.6874 0.3480 0.3484 0.6928 0.7819
0*7 0.2619 0.4075 0.7162 0.2983 0.3903 0.7220 0.3300 0.3789 0.7277 0.3701 0.7341
0.3587 0.8288
0.8 0.2667 0.4291 0.7550 0.3056 0.4106 0.7614 0.3392 0.3990 0.7682 0.3506 0.7754
0.3693 0.8757
0 .9 0.2714 0.4500 0.7940 0.3129 0.4299 0.8014 0.3483 0.4180 0.8088 0.3800 0.4100 0.8165 O .9225
1 . 0 0.2762 0.4702 0.8326 0.3202 0.4483 0.8412 0.3575 0.4361 0.8497 0.3906 0.4282 0.857-9 o . 969'*

0.0 0.2070 0.2494 0.4450 0.2241 0.2346 0.4450 0.2412 0.2198 0.4450 0.2584 0.2053 0.4450 0.5006
0.1 0.2071 O. 2O52 0.4826 0.2274 0.2706 0.4836 .0.2469 -Ü.2569 0.4848 0., 2658 O. 2U36 o . U872 O .5482
0.2 0.2072 0.3209 0.5203 0.2308 0.3055 0.5224 O .2526 o .2922 0-5245 0.2632 O. 279.9 0.5272 o;5957
0.3 0.2073 0.3565 0.5581 0.2342 0.3395 0.5611 0.2582 0.3261 0.5644 0.2806 0.3143 0.5682 0 . 6¡- i52
< 0.4 0.2073 0.3921 0.5960 O .2376 0.3724 0.6001 0.2639 0.3584 0.6044 0.2880 0.3469 0.6089 0 .6907
40 50.0 0.5 0.2074 0.4277 0.6339 0.2410 0.4045 0.6390 . 2696
"o- 0 . j 894 0.6443 0.2954 0-3779 O;6499 0.7382
0.6 0.2075 0.4633 0.6720 0.2444 0.4356 0.6780 0.2753 0.4192 0.6844 ü .3028 0.4074 o .6907 0.7837
0.7 0.2076 0.4988 0.7101 0.2477 0.4659 0.7172 0.2809 0.4477 0 .72^7 0.3102 o.'1355 0.7317 0 . 833,:,
0.8 0.2077 0.5343 0.7480 0.2511 0,4954 0.7566 0.2866 0.4751 u. 76¡i8 0..-.176 0.4622' 0.7730 0 . 88ü8
0.9 0.2078 0.5698 O .7865 0.2545 0 . 52*11 0.7958 0.2923 Or5Sl4 Oí8050 0.3250 0,4877 0.8143 0.9283
1.0 0.2079 0.6052 0.8244 0.2579 0.5521 0.8353 0.2979 0.5267 0.8453 0.3324 0.5121 0.8554 0.9738

0.0 0.1885 0.2658 0.4450 0.2043 0.2518 0.4450 0.2202 0.2379 0 .‘)450 0.2241 0.4450 0.5006
0.2362
0,1 o .1836 0.3094 0.4807 0.2038 0.2946 0.4823 0.2226 O .2812 0.2406 0.2685 0.4852 o . 5^86
0.4836
0.2 0.1787 0.3554 0.5167 0.2033 0.3376 0.5195 0.2250 0-3257 0.5223 0.2451 00113 0.5262 0.5965
0.3 0.1738 0.4040 0.5526 0.2028
0.3809 0.5568 0.2274 0.3652 0.5609 0.24-95 O .3526 0.5652 0.6445
< 0.4 o .1689 0.4555 O .5889 0.2022 0.4243 075944 0.2297 0.40f>9 0.5998 0.2539 •tí. 3-924 0.6052 u , 692k
4.0 60.0 0.5 o.i64o 0.5100 0.6253 0.2017 0.4680 O .6321 0.2321 0.4457 0.6387 0.2584 O. 43O8 0.6451 0.7403
0.6 0.1591 0.5679 0.66l4 0.2012 0.5119 0.6699 0.2345 0.4847 0.6777 0.2628 0 .4680 0.6852 O.7S83
0.7 0.1541 0.6295 0.6982 0.2007 0.5560 0.7078 0.2369 0.5230 0.7170 0.2672 0.5039 0-7257 0.8362
0.8 0.1492 O. 695I 0.7347 0.2002 0.6004 0.7459 O .2392 ,5604 O .7561 0.2717 0.5387 0.7660 0.8842
0.9 0.1443 O .7652 0.7717 0.1997 0.6450 0.7840 0,2416 •5972 0.7956 0.2761 O .5723 0.8067 o. 9321
1.0 0.1394 0.8402 0.8084 0.1991 o .6898 0.8224 0.2440 .6332 0.8351 0.2805 0.6049 0.8482 0.9801

e /D = °- 0 5
g

1
 TABLE 2-2—ROUND COLUMNS WITH SPIRALS; REINFORCEMENT AKRANGED IN A C1RCLE

i = 0.7 = 0.8 := 0 .?
i = 0 .6
f'
y
lk "I* K ¡Ti
ksi ksi Ki Km' Kfe D vm D
D
0.4452 0.2634 0.2011 0.4452 O .5006
0.2458 0.4^52 0.2285 0.2307 0.4452 .2460 0.2158 0.5454
0.0 0.2111
0 ,.2542 0.2483 0.4837 0.2731 0.2350 0.4848
0.1 0.2151 o .2763 0.4829 0.2349 0.2620 0.4830
0.2666 0.5244 0.5901
0.2413 0.5210 0 ,.2624 0.2787 0.5224 0.2827
0.2 0.2190 0.3056 0.5207 0.2915 0.2961 0.5640 o .6349
0.3196 0.5589 i c .2706 0.3073 0.5612 0.2923
0.3 0.2230 0.3339 0.5585 0.2477 0-3020 o .3238 0 . 6031+ 0.6796
0.2541 0.3462 0.5971 0 ,.2788 0.3342 0.5999
0.4 0.2269 0.3613 0.59^5
0 ,.2871 0.3596 0.6388 0.3116 0.3497 0 .61*30 0.7244
5.0 40.0 0.2308 0.3877 0.6321 0.2605 0.3715 0.6351 0.3741 0.6824 0.7691
0.5
0.6731 0 ..2953 0.3836 0.6774 0.3212
0.6 0.2346 0.4132 O .6698 O .2669 0.3956 O .3308 0.3271 0.7218 0.813$
0.7075 0.4186 0.7112 ó .3035 0 . 1*062 o .7162
0.7 0.2387 0.4379 0-2733
y.7550 0.3405 0 .1)187 0.7613 0.8586
0.2426 0.4618 0.7451 0.2797 o. 1+405 0.7494 0 .3117 0.4277 O .8008 o .9034
0.8 0 .3199 0.4480 0.7938 0.3501 0.4392
0.7828 0.2861 0.46l4 O .7876
0.9 0.2466 0.W 4 9
.3282 0,4674 0.8328 0.3597 O .4586 0.8402 0 . 91*81
1.0 0,2505 0.5073 0.8205 0.2925 0.4815 0.3259
c .2034 0.2526 0.4452 0.2183 0.2395 0.4452 0 . 560c
0.1738 0.2709 0.4452 O .1885 0.2658 0.1*452 0.481+3 Q.5*f72
0.0
0 .2052 0.2993 0.4830 0,2222 0.2871
0.1 0.1684 0.3270 0.4805 0.1875 0.3123 0 . 1*816 0.5234 0.5937
0 .2070 0.3452 0.5208 0.2260 <-3330
0.2 O.I 630 0.3782 0.5159 0.1864 0.3591* 0.5183 0.2298 Oo774 ■O.5624 0.6402
0.4070 0.5551 0 .2088 0.3903 0.5538
0.3 0.1577 0.4329 0.5515 0.1854 0.6017 0.6867
c -2106 0.4346 0.5969 0.2336 0.4203
0.4 0.1523 0.4914 0.5871 0.1843 0.4551 0.5920 0 .1+619 0 .6407 0.7333
0.5542 0.6230 0.1833 0.5038 0.6290 0 .2124 0.4782 0 .63-50 a.2374
5.0 60.0 0.5 0.1469 0.2412 0.5022 0.6800 0.7798
0.$589 0.1822 0.5530 0.6663 c .2142 0.5211 0.6735
0.6 0.1415 0.6218
.2160 0,563? 0.7117 0.2451 0.5412 0.7194 0 .8263,,
0.1362 0.6947 0.6943 0.1812 o .6028 0.7036 0.7606 V . 6726’
0.7 0 .2178 o.6o46 0.7502 0.2489 O. 579O
0.8 0.1308 0.7736 0.7308 0.1800 0.6532 0.7408 O .6156 0,7987 0.9193
o .7042 0.7781 0 .2196 0.6454 0.7886 0.2527
0.9 0.1254 0.8592 0.7671 0.1791 0.6512 0.8383 0 . 9659-
-
0.7558 0.8157 0 .2214 0.6855 0.8272 O .2565
1.0 0.1201 0.9525 0.8033 0.1780

e/D= 005

TABLE 3-1-RECTAN GU LA R TIED COLUMNS; REINFORCEMENT EQUALLY DfSTRIBUTED ON TWO FACES

 TABLE 3-1—RECTANGULAR TIED COLUMNS; REINFORCEMENT EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED ON TWO FACES

g = 0 .6 s = 0 .7 @ =0.8 g = 0.9
u fy
pf m
t/

k si k 6i ®b lk _ !k
Kb t Kfe t Km
ITí K fe t Kb t «5 *

0.0 0.2771 0.2670 0.4761 0.2944 0.2525 0.4761 0.3118 0.2379 0.4761 0.3291 0.2234 0.47610.5950
0 ,1 0.2752 0.3317 0.5177 0.2925 0.3230 0.5205 0.3099 0 .3137 0.5237 0.3272 0.3039 0.52690.6507
0.2 0.3972 0.5596 0.2906 0.3945 0.5644 O.3O8O 0.393? O.5699 p. ->Qc 0
0.2733 0.3253 0.5757 0 . 7064
0 .3 0.2741 0.1+636 0.6011 0.2988 0.4669 0.6076 0.3061 0.4682 0.6152 0.3234 0.4677 0.6230 0.7621
< o.k 0.2695 0.5310 0 .64260.2869 0.5402 0.6513 0.3042 0.5468 0.6599 0.3215 0.6696 0.8178
0 . 55H
4.0 40.0 0.5 0.2676 0.5993 0.6844 0.2850 0.6146 0.691+5 0.3023 0.6264 0.7051 0.3196 0.6355 O.7157 0.8735
0.6 0.2657 O. 66Q6 0.7259 0.2831 0.6899 0.7379 0.3004 0.7071 O.7496 0.3177 0.7208 0.7625 0.9292
0 .7 O.2638 0.7389 0.7675 0.2812 0.7663 0.7809 0.2985 0.7888 O..796I 0.3158 0.8072 0.8075 0.9849
0.8 0.2619 0.8102 0.8090 0.2793 0.8436 0.8240 0.2966 0.8715 O.8383 0.3139 0.8947 0.8535 1 . 0406"
0 .9 0.2600 0.8825 O.8514 0.2774 0.9221 0.8669 0.2947 0.9553 O.883O 0.3120 0.9832 0.8983 1.0963
1.0 0.2582 0.9559 0.8921 0.2755 1.0016 O.9IO3 0.2928 1.0401 0.9285 0.3101 1.0727 0.9439 1.1520
0.0 O.2569 0.281+0 0.4761 0.2729 0.2705 0.4761 O.289O 0.2570 0.-4761 0.3051 Oí-2436 0.4761 0 . 5950 -
0 .1 0.2554 0.3538 0.5183 0.2714 0.3468 0.5212 0.2875 0.3391 0.5243 0.3035 0.3307 0.5278 0.6514
0.2 0.2539 0.421+5 0.5603 0.2699 0.4239 0.5654 0.2860 0.4220 0.5710 0.3020 0.4188 0.5788 0.7079
0.3 0.2523 0 . 1+959 0.6023 0.2684 0.5019 0.6095 0.2845 0.5057 0.6171 0.3005 0.5077 0.6250 0.7643
< o.k 0.2508 0.5683 0.6445 0.2669 0.5808 0.6535 0.2829 0.5904 0.6627 0.2995 0.5975 0.6732 0.8208
4.D 50.0 0.5 0.22+93 0.6415 0.6893 O.2654 0.6606 0.6S72 0.2814 O.676O 0.7080 0.2975 0.6883 0.7191 0.8773
0.6 0.21+78 0.7156 0.7285 O.2638 0.7413 0.7407 0.2799 O.7625 0.7530 O.296O 0.7799 0.7656 0.9337
0,7 0.21+63 0.7906 0.7703 0.2623 0.8229 0.7843 0.2784 0.-8499 0.7979 . 0.294!+ 0.8725 0.8115 0.9902
0.8 0.2I+I+7 0.8666 0.8122 0.2608 0.9055 0.8277 0.2769 O.93S-V 0.8428 -O.2929 0 .-966F" 0.8576 1 .01+67 ■
0 .9 0.21+32 0 . 91+35 0.8572 0.2593 0.9891 0.8714 0.2753 1.0277 0.8878 0.2911+ 1.0607 0.9039 1.1031
1.0 0.21+17 1.0214 0.8960 0.2578 1.0736 0.9147 0.2738 1.1181 O .9352 0.2899 1.1562 079497 1.1596
0.0 0.239'+ O .2987 0,4761 0 . 251+4 0.2861 0.4761 0.2693 0.2736 0.4761 0 . 281+3 0.2610 0.4761 0.5950
— . í0.2^0^. 0.3752 O.5188 O.253I 0.3681 O.5215 0.2681 0.3617 0.5247 0.2830 ^
ü.'3547 r i ü , y2ü¿ ^
—**’j-,
0.2 O.23I+O 0.4557 0.5624 0.2518 0.4509 0.5661+ 0.2668 0.4507 O .5720 0.28Í8 0.-4493- ■ 0 ^5765- 0.7089 ..
0.3 0.2277 0.5408 0.6035 0.2506 0.5345 0.6108 0.2665 0.51+06 0.6183- 9 t2805- 0- 5447— 0.6265 0.7659
.-
< 0.4 0.2215 0.6306 0.61+78 0.2493 0.6189 0.6554 0.2643 0.6313 0.6642 0.2792 0.6410 0.671+2 0.8228
40 60.0 0.5 <0 .2152 0.7257 0.6877 0.2481 0.7042 0.6987 0.2630 O.7229 0.7098 0.2780 0.7382 0.7211 0.8798
0.6 <D.2089 0.8264 0.7257 0.2468 0.7904 0.7426 0.2618 0.8154 0.-7554 O.2767 0.8363 0.7704 Q.9368
0 .7 <3.2026 (0.9335 0.7726 '0.2455 0.8775 0.7864 0.2605 0.9087 0.8006 0.2755 0.9352 0.8145 0.9937
0.8 <3.1963 :1.0474 0.8138 <0.2443 0.9654 0.8306 0.2592 1.0030 0.8455 0.2742 1.0351 0.8609 1.0507
0 .9 <3.1901 :L.1688 0.8561 10 .2430 1.0543 0.8734 0.2580 1.0932 0.8904 0 .2729
' 1-1359 0.9007 1.1077
1.0 <3.1838 :L.2985 0.9018 (0.2417 1 . 141+1 0.9172 0.2567 1.1943 0.9355 0.2717 1 . 2 3 7 6 ' 0.9556 .1 .1647 ■
 -----------------------
IA E LE 3-2—-RECTANGULAR TíED COLUMNS; REINFORCEMENT EQUALLY DISTRIBUTED^ON J W O FACES

1= 0 -7 = 0.8 ,= 0.9

*cf fy O. ! T T
• T __J8L •jBi
ksi kssi K t tí. Ki kb
b
0.4760 0.3097 0.2396 0.4760 0.5950
0.4760 c .2 77 1 0.2670 0.4760 0.2934 0.2533
0.0 0.2608 0.2807 0.5210 o .3066 0.3248 0.5243 0.6481
0.5160 o ,271+0 0.3421 O .5I8 I 0.2S«3 0.3337
0.1 0.2577 0.3498 0.5651 0.3034 0.4117 0.7013
0.5703
0.5559 0.2708 O.4189 0.5600 0.2871 0.4159
0.2 0.2545 0.4205 o .60850.3002 0.5005 0.6156 0.75^5
0.4930 0.5957 c.2676 0.1+S75 0.6017 0.2839 0.4999
0.3 0.2513
0.6374 0.5780 0.6431 0.2808 0.5857 0.6516 0.2971 0.5911 0.6603 0.8077
O.5674 0.261*5
5.0 40.0 0 .1* 0.2tó2
0.2613 o.66o4 0.681+7 0.2776 0.6736 0.6945 0.2939 0.6837 0.7047 0.8608
0.5 0.2450 0.6437 0.6753 0.7370 0.9140
0,2908 0.7783 o.?486
0.7220 0.7152 0.2582 0.741+9 0.7258 0.2745 0.763^
0.6 0.2418 0.855^ 0.7800 0.2876 0.8750 0.7925 0,9672
0.8223 0.7550 0.2550 0.8314 0.7680 0.2713 1.0204
0.7 0.2387 0.2681 O. 9495 0.8234 0.2844 0.9739 0.8362
0.8 0.2355 0.8849 0.7950 C.2518 O.9201 0.8087 1.0749 1.0736
0.8498 0.2650 1.0458 0.8650 0.2813 0.8799
0.8348 0.2467 l .o i l i
0 .9 0.2324 O . 969S
1.1044 0.2618 1.1445 0.9075 0.2781 1.1783 0.9234 1.1267
1.0 0.2292 1.0567 0.8743 0 . 2455 0.8913
0.2869 0.4760 O.2676 0.2751 0,1+760 0.5950
0.3106 0.4760 0.239^ 0.2987 0.1+760 0.2535
0.0 0.2253
0.3860 0.5208 0.2514 0.3806 0.5230 0.2655 0.3745 0.5263 0.6502
0.1 0.2249 0.3926 0.5175 0-2373 0.2634 0.47-55 0,57^7 0.7055
0,2352 0.1*749 0.5635 0.2493 0.4759 0.5689
0.2 0.2178 o.48ol 0.5587 o .2613 ;j . 5j 82 0.6216 0,7608
0.5653 0.6068 0.2472 0.5728 0.6139
0.3 0.2106 0.573^ 0.5997 0.2331 O. b82b o.668r O.816I
0.6421 0.2310 0 .6571+ 0.6496 0.21+51 0.6714 0.6589 0.2591
OA 0.2035 0.6734 0.2570 0.7886 0.7141 0.8714
0.7806 0.6819 0.2289 0.7512 0 . 6921* 0.2430 0.7T1T 0.7050
5.0 60.0 0.5 0.1963 0.2408 o .W S 0.2549 "0t8964 0.7604 0.9267
0.7832 o .2268 0.81+68 0.7353 0.8737
0.6 0.1892 0.8959 0.9776 0.7914 0.2528 1,1060 0.8050 0.9819
0.7656 ■0.2247 0.9l*4l 0.7778 0.2387
0.7 0.1820 1.0203
0.8216 O.2366 1.0633 0.6355 'A DELÉTT *»i«'i»**'?7>C 0.8503 1.0372
0.8 0.1749 l .l 5tó 0.8049 0.2225 1.0433 0.2486 1.2308 0.8971 1.0925
0.2204 1.1444 0.8631 0.2345 1.1909 0,8792
0.9 0.1677 1.3008 0.8460 1.3004 0.2465 I.31+6I 0.9401 1.1478
0.2183 1.2474 0.9054 0.2324 0.9231
1 .0 0.1606 1.4598 0.8870
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JiztW-•.hri:.f:.: tüífirt 'iith:
H H íiB s ii ;:::|í¡H rÍT;::.!:g i
a?- u

S i# ®
i : - * ! TTrtíii^ir:: j;:::|:tr:| ,
SáS
li
0 )h
i*¿
 '= >1

o
o m

TntsT-

trP l I
4P M

^trricn
H ^ FSJtlnt-
f tWirrnt :l fíTI :;;kru-rrJ
t|Tn»*^U4W^ v>fcMiiiiíá
'íyj¿:—;¿r
.;::: Lv

r a s f p T O M iF iw f
W fe -‘
I llffi
•sMll :■
:fj¡.-
;:¡:::j:|ij|{pp||i||¡ JilMjírx
7*íÍlR? + ” ~

•tHL iU

1 Í F !!

fp lililí;
trríitt

«*«* |o
a p iif: —t"* —tu
ff <0 X n -
iii:l ili? illllii: kii!i::: f : : ^ i p - N : ® Í ! S II II !f
n - | | ! .jii |||g iJ |p |i;;T ^ ;n i||L]p M m
~v •N
te o o (ji
m 4itn o o o

:Ijllp:
í j

: , ÍM J h H V » H riüti:# 'V:-*■:•- ‘ ■■fV e - f e i s*-*+: •Mi-* .* + * 4 + i

- • - * } *»
N f lp p ili
i1“11 tthtfrrr
:!;:¡l 1 iiilii ::;: S B lB S S iñ ijif f iS
7C ;*r
V* tfl
O •i; r i : : : : i : U : ¡ ^ -•fp:H-:í ?%:; rHfufTOR|H]n:Ih =:ííMI
k >
4iAU|tu.’Ü :.L|.l...4; ;\lÍEp ;, ÚII4&
. i • * 4 * L * , J » , . é aTTTT . . . TTTTTI L. i i i . 1 . 1 L.I i ' . . TTYT
o o
f-jpr * *^¡i t * * **t* v*' i** T*\*t * {f^If* *"

P fllfl- ^ ' 1 ^jlÉ y-Hí ^

ip lif

■ojsf l a v H i i v txv pin

 U n i a x i a l C h a r t No . 54

f¿ * 4.0 ksi
fy = 4 0 . 0 ksi
9 = 0.7

o.l 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

 U n i a x i a l C h a r t No . 56

fc - 4 . 0 ksi
fy = 4 0 . 0 ksi
g = o.9

o O.i 0.2 0.3 0.4 05 06 07 0.8 0.9

Pt m

17f /
I •f______ _ /í «t-- *—- i1-—

0 .0 4 0.08 a \2 ÜJS 0,20 024

92 [tr rc h f
U n i a x i a l . Ch a r t No ^ 57.
 U n i a x i a l Ch a r t N o , 58

cd

0.12 0.16
e _ Fue
K
t
 X
U n i a x i a l C h a r t N o . 63

~ 4 .0 k$ i ?B O
fy - 6 0 .0 k s i

g t o .8
rr-.
,T - -
"h '
 Un i a x i a l . C h a r t No, 65

* 4.0 ksi
fy — 4 0 . 0 ks»

g = 0-6

0.5 0.6 0.7

P t m

0.16 0.20 0.24

0.04 0.08 0.12

101
D
 ------- ---------... , I'II, CH BíT,<irri'ÍH<iM !' . , '•t vi?'. *!"T,r

Un i a x i a l Ch a r t No , 66
1.5 rrr:
; ;¡¡i;; 1■]{: j: :

LO
Él :J p i l£IT¡:l¡
*r 4.0 ksi
m!|: m :; uU
. i-.

k
ü :ti M üHL !
D :í!¡ m K\ 1: ii\\11.
0.5 i:.
..... Ul i i
r-TT
: rí ’+nrj iih i::rr r--' r:n:
, i:;:::
m
lili" listín iilii itffctflr
o.i 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.8 0.9 r.o
Pt m
 U n i a x i a l C h a r t No. 67

f' ¿ 4.0 ksi

fy = 4 0 . 0 ksi

g x 0.8

p p u

w m

m m
 Un i a x i a l Ch a r t No . 68
1.5 T-rrr- TTTT
■ ■ ■ rtT T
:: ¡ti! Í.5
.ín-íPi,
ti i í-r-í *r. f¿ * 4.0 ksi
i.O tpl r:.ij; *.
..b fy ~ 40*0 ksi
fe: Mr I.O
iiiiiriw fe
D 0.5 ' -L 9 =: 0.9 cb.
íiisií
Í42!
;; -U'4?t'1' D 0.5
i . Tn
11 I IP m
LÍC it ■ 4-)rHi-i ü £e :
o.i 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 LO
Pt rn

i.2

1.0

0.8

cn
Q
-u

I! 0.6
y:

0.4

0.2

f¿ D 3
C h a r t No , 69

f¿ * 4 .0 ksi
fy = 5 0 .0 ^s*
g= 0.6
 Uniaxial Char^ No, 7\

c 4.0 ksi
y = 5o.o ksi
9 =0.8

f °'6 ° '7 08 ' 0.3

fc D3
Ib
107
U n i a x i a l Ch a r t No , 74

’TpTlflL
 Un i a x i a l Ch a r t No

f 4.0 ksi
~ 60.0 ksi
9 = 0.8

:.Hͱr.r+

P S P
Slíif

u r a s s
 Uniaxial Chart No. 77

0.5 06 0.7
pf m
*- 'T'im')U*iW'^.»tWUU«•.).'..i ■ 11 '•! . ............. I I"."1 MU ... .......................¡>»n— .— - t -
i! . .Jl......i.... i...... ....ÍL..-.L i...........-..

Uniaxial C hart No . 78
 .- ;w — n w

U n i a x i a l C h a r t No, 80
fe * 4.0 ksi
fy = 4 0 . 0 ksi

9 =0.9

_________ 1
 1|nia>;ial C h a r t No , 81

ll
fc - 4.0 ksi
fy = 5 0.0 ksi
g= 0.6
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
P t rn

m m' ' m.......m m

0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24

Pue
K
f¿ b t2 U7
... . :t ** _ _ _ _ _ _ — ------------------ -— ,— — —

Uniaxial Chart No . 82

í ¿ £ 4 . 0 k s i

Py = 5 0 . 0 k s i
g= 0. 7

0.5 0.6 0.7

p. m

6
11» t

I
1 gt ............. l |
1» e 1
r
n
$*
i1 1
t h
L _ ü

o
&

m m
D JD ¡^ n Ar<¡ ;
a. - u : i ¡Mk-•
!II 0.6
Un i a x i a l Chart No. 83
O 0.1 0 .2 0 3 0.4 0.5 0 6 0 7 0.8 0 9 i.O

P t m
P f Al
 I c ____ ____ „i , 'J L •xTh¡7
i .J i ¡ Un i a x i a l Chart No , 87
1.5
~: ... , p ni
. : i *i_ ¡ ; ¡i ^ 4.0 ksi
LO
-irT' fy = 60.0 ksi
i
05
;
í!
r^ -r i 9 s 0.8
•. ¡ i. !?f
L i. T v " ; 'ÍÉ
. í 1
0.2 03 Q.s 05 0€ 0.7 0.8 0.9 LO
Pt m

f
4 ______
j j
l Z .i L > (
Lf •''!
n
*t r— n
H \ M
1 . ¡i
----

I B
 U n i a x i a l C h a r t No » 88
I..5 TTrrrT-TTi- — "T ‘ - . 1
! :. ;tí :í •H -H-íf
y . '
. i.¡.1i... 11ijj5. .• i-pi' •’; ■
;! ’J»
1¡1*3*1i-ii-~ i. - n r. ■
. ;;;};; ¿i,iíj .L-i f¿ - 4 .0 k s i
LO
i : pÍK n*‘ í r*; ■
|. ■
í
¡;!:í j *:;7 •:r^H!r ' M f / = ó 0 .0 k s i
_j ; I. r*’-t ’ "{¿i-r ;l
05 •j rr-K..í«j» : j; t:: ¡, ;■
h-;-;
•••L¡ sprr--
r-^r—f r■ ■ TTTT!7ttT g =o.s
Ht■r
. :rnrti¿
| 1; ■
ilil¡Ü -- i- - - 7- Í !
0.1 0.2 03 0.4 0.5 0-6 07 O.B 0.9 LO
Pt m

íi
LJ \ \
r

gt
1
.... T

0.04 0.08 0.12 OJS 0.20 024

Py e
}24 fr b í2
 Un i a x i a l Ch a r t Ho , 89
rrr*rr

f¿,s 5 . 0 ksi
fy = 40.0 ksi

g = 0.6
II
0.9 1.0

,
 ¡Un i a x i a l C h a r t No » 91

5 .0 ksi

fy = 4 0 .0 ksi

g - 0.8

0.1 0 .2 0.3 0.4 0 5 : 0.6 0:7 0.8 OS 10

P t m
 Ué a M al C h a r t No , 92

f¿ = 5.0 ksi
fy = 40-0 ksi
9 = 0.9

0.2 0.3 0.4 0-5 0.6

P f m

0.8

O JQ
cC - u

i
1 0.6
v:
 "

Uniaxial C h a rt No ,__9H

•5 — .-
. :T
I
t
1 : ,1 i
i ■
1 .......1 'i_ '-
—
5.0 ksi
LO
íL M f y = ó 0 .0 k s i
Ife
t n *
tlh-tH-' Vi:
g = o.7

| , j J iÜ [ ilÜ
~ rÁ«. nft 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0.16
0.04 0.08 0.12
e _ Pu e
K- 1
e bt2
130
O 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 06 07 0 8 0.9 1.0
pf m

0 0 04 0.08 012 0.16 0.20 0.24

.J : 1 y ®. — Pu e
L^ X7
 U n i a x i a l CHAp Tj o, 97
;U- i. " n i

i; 1 l|i i
: : r ; : |j ; :i fj. ~ 4 . 0 k $ i

f y = 4 0 . 0 k s i

. JíUI
j 1;
TTf P .... g » 0 . 6
|! i ' W

Bit
0.4 0 .! 0.6 0,7 0.8 03 1.0
" "' ' ■■*'....... ~.... . " ... ~S --T'

U n iaxial Ch a r t No, 98
^111" 1 ^
i l i l
f¿ - 4.0 ksi
íy = 4 0 .0 ksi
9 “ 0 . 7
1.5
U n i a x i a l C h a r t ;No , 99

j’r .,; f*c

1 í
1.0 -
4 . 0 k s ¡

r if
í y = 4 0 - 0 k s :

f:K;
05 ai. i l i l ü i4ii i: ■W- -XX- g r. 0.8
tttít ' II:í
.iH .
if:
U'Pít? “í'I't'lH !!!'■!:; Mían:
 1"'■
. ..'"l --- ....... .....
•— — ............. ............ ........—

U n i a x i a l C h a r t fio. 100
U n i a x i a l C h a r t No , 102
 U n !i a x i a l Ch a r t No . 103

í¿ í 4.0 ks|
fy = 5 0 . 0 ksi
9 = 0 .8

P l p f p

_i"i.1;::: >íii:Júlf'ft.

M lg g f

í l i m

s
0.20
Uniaxial Chart No. 104
 Un i a x i a l Ch a r t No , 105

4,0 ksi
|fy = 60.0 ksi

0.1 0.2 04 0.5 06 ¡07 0.8 0.9

p} m

0.0¿. 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24

K e „ fu e
fr
141
 U n i a x i a l C h a r t No , 106

0.5 06
P* m

it
R p jg ffl
S jS?

m t m -

tM S Ií

W m M m m

Í * S i i
P| m
P * m
 1.90

i,00

1.70

l¿0

C?¡ - o

li

O.'.K)

0 .JO

OJO
 i« Mwtf.»■
■
'■
’;¡-
1*—

,70pb*

1 .2 0

D
CL
U fSst^"
i,0 0
II

0,»0

0.60

0,70

0.50

o.yo

O JO ^ v

V4B
o

í
 £ 4 .0 ksi
■= 6 0 ,0 ksi
g = 0.6

Biaxial Charí No

tjtt+'•»

o „^ o

0,00

o.ro

o.so

o.-«o

0,20
 r- r ;___ í-¿
* • -/ i

*•*»■[v . —
/ \ ♦
* 1* \

“T*1it
1: it;'TTvT
tlim ilt
m tm ín
tttltTl
Et iij ™

ttrSOOTtt
xtrnTOT
Ttfm
tI l 5IJ- DPi f-
i rUv
ilC1i¿ rLo □X-8U4-W',fl44444hH-'HH-rrri
Í T m m i r t i t H 4 4 4ÍÍ1- i w: u n 11 iix ii i »,t í4-
Oi-L
rftty,¡nitrn.iL
no a —¡ 111 n i o x u X ljj
.00 ¿ m i l n í líltcti I M il
n } óü 50
t.*c

(¿ * 4 ,0 fes»
fy - 6Q»0 ksi
9 s 0,7

1S BARS
Biaxial Chart No. 14

o .s o
 — — — -— — -T0S

,1 7 - t í.^
1»
7 . , ." 7
/ .
t
— X * ~~f
«$.
x i .x
i ;

fc - 4 ,0 ksi

160
 INCHES

Stiffness 1.1. Cr' factors, ty pical

COLiUMN THICKNESS t

I
10 ¡ 12
________ l 31 .04 40.30
.32
2. 92 5.04- 27.00
.63 20.30
1.95 3 . 38 18 . 96
.97 14.61
1. 37 2.37 13. 32
. 00 10. 65
1. 00 1. 73
1 0 . 39 20.29
.01 8.00
.75 1. 30 8.00 1 5. 63
.53 6,16
.58 1. 00 6.29 1 2 . 29
.64 4.85
.46 .79 5 .04 q s84
!. 92 3.38
.36 .63 4.10 6.50 8.00
.37 3.15
.30 .51
3.38 >.29 5 .36 6.59
.95 2.60
.24 .42 2. 31 3 . 58 1 4.47 ¡ 5 . 50
..63 2.17
.35 4 .63
t , INCHES

.20 1 .83 2.37 3 . 01 3.76

.30
. .3? 5 .94
.17 1.55 2 .02 2 . 56 3 . 20
.17
.15 .25 1i »~T 2 . 20 2 „ ~4 3 .38
.00 1 .33 '
.13 .22
; l .49 1 . 90 2,3~ 2 .92
1. 15

interior
.86 - *36-...... 2 . 54
.11 .19 1. 20 1 .cT
.75 1 .00
.09 .16 1, U 1 .44 1 .80 2 .22
. 66 .88
1. 95
THICKNESS

.08 . 14 1.27 j 1 .39

.58 . 77 1 .00
.07 .13 .63 1. 12 1.40“ 1 .73
.5* .68
.06 .11

¡oíni. Rectangular coiumns;

79 1 .00 1 .25 1 .54
,46 .61
.06 .10 . t :• . 69 1. 12 1 .37
.41 .54
.05 .09 .49 .63 .80 íI i . 00 1 1.23
.36
.05 .03 .44 .72 .90 l .11
.33
.04 .07 en .65 .81 1 .00
. 30 .3$
.04 .06
.45 . 59 .74 .91
.27 .36
.03 .06 .42 .54 .67 .82
.24 .32
.03 .05 .38 .49 .61 .75
.22 .30
.03 .05 .35 *4 5 .56 „69
.20 .27
.03 .04 .32 .41 ,51 .63
.19 .25
.02 .04
.47 .58

co
*17 .23 .30
.02 .04

O b t a in C t f r o m S t i f f n e s s 2.
For T- o r L - b e a m s
. id column w id identleal.
2 T a b l s p r e p a r e d for beara w id t n an ^ th
/ ? } f o r /■
I f a pan lengths d t f f s r . s u b s t i t u t e / 2/ ( ¿ i *
3.
+ h-) for h .
I f c o l u m n h c ig h t s d i f í e r , s u b s t i t u t e h x 1^ / ( 1^ 23
4.
 CQLUMN D IA M E T E * IlsC u 00

““1 ”
24 26 i 28 30
12 16 18 I 20 22 3
10
i 30. 18 | 37 . 70 46 . 37
| 1 3. 74 18.29 23 . 74 c/*
2.97 4 .71 7 . 03 10.02 3] .06
.88 1 .72
9.20 12 .25 1 5. 90 20.22 i 25 ,26
1 .99 3 .16 4 .7] 6.71 2 i . 82
.59 1. 15 8.60 11 .17 1 4 . 20 I r ; 74
2 .22 3. 31 4. 71 6.46
.41 .81 1 . 40 8 . 14 1 0 . 35 12.93 1 5. 90 K3
3. 44 4 . 71 6.27
.59 1 .02 1 .62 2 .41
.30

.25 .44 .76 1.21 1 .81 2 .58 3 .54 4. 71 6. 12

4 . 71
7.78
5.99
9.72
7 .48
11 .95
9.20
n
i
1. 99 2 . 73 3 * 68
.34 .59 .94 1 .40 5.89 —h
.17 2 .14 2.85 3.71 4. 71 7 .2 4

.14 .27 .46 .74 1.10 1. 56

3.77 4. 71 5.80 D
1 .72 2 . 29 2 . 97 n
.37 , .59 .88 1. 25 -4.71
.11 .21 1.86 2 .41 3.07 -
3. 85
Ae 1 .02 1 .40 o
17 30
INCHES

59 .84 1. .53 1 .99 2 . 53 j[ 3~ 1 6 3 . 88

.07 .14 .25 .39 9R ! 2. 11 1 2 .63 3. 24
.70 1 .66
.12 .21 .33 49 1 2 . 22 2. 73
.06 1 .08 1 .40 1 .78
.17 .28 41 .59 2.32
,05 .10 1 .19 1 * 51 1.89 ”2 .
.50
t,

"t C.
.04 .09 .15 . 24 1 . 29 1.62 1 .99 K
T . 02
.13 .20 30 .43 o_
.04 .07
THICKNESS

.88 1. 12 1 ,4 0 1 . 72
26 .37 .68 5'
.03 .06 .11 .17 k J? i
.97 1 .21 1 .49
.44 ,59 .76
.10 .15 23 .32
}06 .67 ,85 . 1 06 1 -5 1 9
.13 20 .28 .39
.02 .05 .08
.45 . 59 .75 94 1 . 15
17 .25 .34 í O*
.02 .04 .07 .12
.40 .52 .66 .63 1 .02
.10 15 . ?2 .30
.02 .04 .07
BEAM

36 ,46 .59 .74 .90 o

.03 .06 .09 14 .20 .27 .
.66 .81
.02 .24 .32 .41 .53 5'
.05 .08 12 .17 :5-Q . 72
.02 .03 .21 .29 .37 .47 #
.05 .07 11 .16 ¡ .'53 ' .65
.01 .03 .33 ,42
.07 10 .14 .19 .26 ^ r- j7 3
.01 .02 .04 .30 .38 .¿a . 59 0
.13 .17 .23
.02 , 04 .06 09 \ C
.01 e; *
f .43 r?
.21 . 27
.02 .03 .05 08 ,12 .39 .49 Cl
.01 .14 . 19 .25 .32
.01 .02 .05 .05 07 ,10
.23
o r* X& LU r»
,02 .03 .04 07 . 10 .13 . \7
g 4. >

.26 .33 ,40 j o_

.01 .09 .12 . 16 .21
.03 .04 06 .24 .50 .37 c
.01 .01
.08 .11 .15 .19
. 01 .01 .02 .04 06 3
.22 .28 D
.10 .13 .17 iA
.01 .01 .02 .03 05 .07 I • *
36

Obtain Ct from Stiffness 2.

For T- or L~beams m u l t ip l y by 1 /C t
Table prepared for beam width and coiumn diameter ^i d e n t i c a l .
2.
If span lengths differ, eubstitute / 2 / w' l / 2>
3,
coiumn heighti d iffa r . «suúbs iz i t u t e h3

Coeff
ro
 iliiiiifiiriíiihiiiiii iií .to*iüi»íKtíi»>»■
»■««*■

in e rtia of T-$ections
Stiffness 2 . ^ o e f ficienís C , fo r g ro ss m ornent of
® (flcm ge on o ne o r fw o sü*es)

® 2.0

Ratio of A s
 mm H p llp N H i

Stiffness 3. Moments of inerlíc Si of rectangular sections 1 in. wide (¡n.4)

i '1 t t
h í1 *1 T1
oo 2.2 14 .00 229 : 5.00 1302 3 fe. 0 0 3888 4 7 . 0 0
11 I
3652 5 8 . 0 0 16259
25 2.9 11» . 25 2 i»l : 3.25 Í3U2 36.25 39 70 4 7 . 2 5 3791 58.25 16470
50 3. 6 XI» . 50 251* 15.50 138 2 36.50 4 052 4 7 . 5 0 3931 58.50 16683
75 4.4 II» .75 267 25.75 1U 23 36 .75 4136 4 7.75 9073 5 8.75 16898
00 5.3 15.00 281 2 5.00 1U 6 5 37.00 4 22 1 4 8. 0 0 9216 5 9.00 17115
25 6 . 1» 15.25 296 25.25 1507 37.25 4 307 4 8 . 2 5 9361 59.25 17333
50 7. 6 15.50 310 25.5 0 1551 37.50 4395 1i 4 8 . 5 0 9507 59.50 17554
75 8.9 15.75 326 26. 75 ‘.595 37.75 44 8 3 |i 4 8 . 7 5 9655 59.75 17776
5.00 1 0 . 1» 16 .00 31*1 27 .00 ¿64 0 58 . 0 0 4 5 7 3]i 49 . 00 9804 6 0 .0 0 18000
5.25 12, 16 .25 35 8 27.25 6 86 5 8. 25 4664 49.25 9955 60.25 18226
5.50 13. 16.50 3 71» 27.50 733 5 8. 50 4 7 5b 4 9 . 5 0 10107 60.50 18454
5.75 ,15.8 16 . 75 3 92 27.75 781 58. 75 48 49 4 9 . 7 5 10261 60.75 18683
6 .00 18.0 17.00 l» 09 28.00 829 59 . 0 0 4943 50.00 10417 61.00 18915
6.25 20 .3 17. 25 4 28 28 . 25 S7 9 59. 25 5039 50.25 10574 61.25 19149
6.50 22.9 17.50 it¡i 7 28 . 50 92 9 59.50 5136 : 5 0 . 5 0 10732 61.50 19384
6.75 25.6 17.75 1*66 28 . 75 .980 39 . 75 5234 50.75 10892 61.75 19621
7.00 28.6 18.00 4 86 29 . 00 :032 1*10.00 5333 51.00 1 1054 62.00 19861
7.25 31.8 18.25 5 07 29 . 25 2085 40. 25 5431* 51.25 ] 1218 6 2 . 2 5 20102
7.50 35.2 18.50 5 28 29 . 50 2139 *0.50 5536 51.50 11383 6 2 . 5 0 20345
7.75 38.8 18.75 SU 9 29 . 75 2191» * 0 . 75 5639 51.75 1154 9 6 2 . 7 5 20590
8. 00 ¡4 2. 7 19.00 5 72 30.00 2250 U1 .00 5743 52,00 ] 1717 6 3 . 0 0 20337
8.25 46.8 19.25 5 91» 30.25 2307 41.25 5849 52.25 11887 6 3 . 2 5 21086
8.50 51.2 19.50 618 30.50 236U U1. 50 5956 52.50 12059 6 3 . 5 0 21337
8.75 55 .8 19.75 2 30 .7 i 2U23 U1.75 6064 52.75 12232 6 3 . 7 5 21590
9.00 60.7 2 0 .0 0 6 67 31.00 2U83 42 . 00 6174 53.00 12406 64 . 0 0 21845
9.25 66 .0 2 0 . 2 5 6 92 31.25 2543 4 2 . 25 6 28 5 53. 25 125 83 6 4 . 2 5 2 2 1 0 ?;
9.50 71.1» 20.50 718 31.50 2605 1*2.50 6397 53.50 12761 64. 50 22361’
9.75 77. 2 20.75 745 31.75 26r 7 i» 2 , 7 5 5511 53.75 12941 64 .75 22622
10.00 83.3 21.00 772 32.00 27-1 4 3 .00 5626 51* . 00 •13122 6 5 . 0 0 22885
10.25 89.7 21.25 300 32.25 2795 ..43.25 6 74 2 54 .25 13305 6 5 . 2 5 23150;
10.50 96.5 21.50 328 32.50 2861 1*3.50 6 859 5 4 . 5 0 13490 6 5 . 5 0 23418
10.75 103.5 21.75 85 7 32.75 292 7 43.75 6 978 5 4 . 7 5 13676 6 5 . 7 5 2368 7
11.00 110.9 22 .00 3 87 33.00 2995 44.00 7099 55.00 13865 66 . 0 0 23958
11. 25 118.7 22 . 25 . 918 33.25 3063 44 .25 7220 55.J5 14055 5 6 . 2 5 2423 1
11.5 0 126 .7 22.50 91» 9 33.50 3133 44 . 50 7345 55.50 14 24 6 5 6 . 5 0 24507
11. 75 135.2 22.75 981 33.75 3204 44 . 75 7468 5 5 , 7 5 14440 5 6 . 7 5 24 734
12.00 144 .0 23.00 1014 34. 00 3 275 45.00 759U 5 6 . 0 0 'IU6 35 5 7 . 0 0 25064
12.25 153.2 23 . 25 1047 3U. 25 33U8 45.25 7721 56 . 25 14 8 3 2 5 7 . 2 5 25345
12.50 162.8 23.50 10S1 3 U . 50 3422 4 5 . 50 7850 56 ¿50 15030 5 7 . 5 0 25629
12.75 172.7 23.75 1116 34.75 3 4 97 45.75 7980 56.75 15231 5 7 . 7 5 2 5915
13.00 183.1 21* .00 1152 35.00 3 573 46. 00 8111 57.00 154 33 5 8 . 0 0 26203
13.25 193 .9 24.25 1188 3 5.25 3650 ;«í6.25 8 244 5 7 . 2 5 15537 5 8 . 2 5 264 93
13.50 205.0 2¡».50 1226 35 .SO 3728 4 6.5 0 8379 ; 5 7 . 5 0 15842 5 8 . 5 0 26785
13.75 216 .6 21» .75 1 263 35 . 75 3803 46.75 8515 5 7 . 7 5 16050 5 8 . 75 27079

i<w
Loncj c o l u m n s 1.1. Redu ct io n tactor (R)

Sidesway
 Long columns 1.2.1. Reduction factor (R)

CASE H

One end
hinged

I Ic /h

j i
foctor

4>
%
t
/
Reduction

K1
1X V

\
Kv \

\ \ t

0.8C>777 4 __X I-{__\_ s> K

(■h/r 8 12 16 20 24 28
h/t 12 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4
* h/D S 2 3 4 5 6 7
jf h/r 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
TLÁ h/t .6 1.2 i.8 24 3.0 3.6 4.2
lh /D .5 i.O 1.5 2 2.ó 3 3.5

Formula 9-4
Sidesway o c c v r s
Lorig colurrsns 1.2.2. Reduction factor (R)

h/r 20 40 60 80 100 120

h/t 6 ¡2 18 24 30 38
h/D 5 10 15 20 25 30
h/r 10 20 30 40 50 60
h/t 3 G 9 12 15 13
h/D 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15

Formula 9-4
Sidesway occurs
 G r a v i t y Loads Govern Besign

Long columns 2.1. Reduction factor

h' = M 0 . 7 8 4- 0 J 2 r ; ) S A

& xs [ 1 .0 7 - (0 .0 0 8 )f c 7 r ] á 1 .0

r: = H 4 + r ; ) .

h' = 2A(0.78 + 0.22r') £ 2A

£ = [1.07 - (0.008)(fc7r)] S 1.0

11 12 13 14
9 10
I

S.S as i 3,0 4, 2
3. 0
3.25 3» 5
i CASE n 1 CASE

2.25 2. 5 2. 75 3

5. 5 8 6*5 7, 0
4. 5
1*5 1.65 1. 8 1.96 2. 1
1.35
1.88 1, 5 1. 62 1.75
1.12 1, 25
-esr-í-wcswsa U-J3SB5E3á3£

(R)
. 99 .88 ,97 | .97 .96
1.00
«96 .95 | .94 .93
.9 8 .97
,9 5 .94 .9 3 .92 . 91
.87
.94 .92 ,91 .90 ,8 8
.0 5
• S2 90 . 3D . 87 .8 6
. £3
.9 0 ,8 9 .87 .85 ,83
.0 2
. 88 .67 .85 .83 . 81
.90
. 87 .85 .83 .81 .79
.89
.85 .83 .80 . 78 . 76
.87
. 83 .81 . 7o .76 . 74
. 86
 L a te ra l Loo d i c f Short D u ratio n G o v e rn Des¡gn
Sidesway occurs
C o lu m n s - F o rm u la 9 - 5 .
R e d u ctio n F a c t o r for Long

R — 1.18 — Q.009h'A ^ 1-°

CASE II 1 CASE 1

.96 .95
.92 ..•:. 89
.87 .84
• 82 .79
.77 . 74 |
.73 ,68
.68 .64
.63 .59
.58 ,53
 C = 0.6 + 0.4 M-/M9 >i 0 .4
/7i i o ^ i T
larger ratío,3^ 5 or
where M¿ is the eme, 11 e r moment
M 2 is the larger moment

a n d the r a t i o i s p o s i t i v e f o r
single curvature3 negativa for
double a u r v a t u r e ,
Long columns 3.2. Valúes of k for: Pc

Ec ! g f
'rj'2 .5
El
1V Rin
* M dead load
Rm =
M
total load

Sidesway not prevented

 Long columns 4. Ratio W¡\\ for r7. Sectson 915(d)

17*2
 - , Hound
i colunias 2
| 34 56
30 52 di a . - t
12 14 16
6 7 7 8 1
O
1 0 T
3 4 4 12 12 T D
3 10 11
6 6 7 19
cfí
5 5 16 17 18
7 9 10 n
6 7 8 23 24 26 27
8 15 O.
10 12 13 53 35 57 6
9 9 31
14 16 18 21 c
10 10 12
42 44 47 50 9 2
28 30 33 36 12 5
16 19 22 25 54 58 61 65
11 14 43 47 CT í

29 32 36 39 83 17
18 21 25 69 73 78 C/1
12 46 50 55 60
32 36 41 92 98 103 23
13 23 27 75 86
46 51 57 63 69
120 127 31
14 28 34 40 106 113
71 78 85 92
42 49 56 63
15 35
157 146 155 40 <
103 112 129
86 94
16 43 51 60 68 77
103 113 124 134 155 165 175 186 51 EL
62 72 82 93 184 196 208 220 65 c
17 51 134 147 159 CD
73 85 98 110 122 250 24 5 259 ....80
18 61 173 187 216
101 115 129 144 158
269 286 302 99
19 72 86 201 218 252 O
134 151 168 185
20 84 100 117
311 551 3 50 120 m
235 253 292
155 175 194 2 1 4
580 403 145 n
21 97 116 136 291 336 358
201 224 246 268 173
112 134 156 179 385 409 435 460
22 255 281 507 332
153 179 204 230 436 465 494 523 205 ro
23 127 319 549 3 78
205 232 261 290 558 591 242
24 145 174 427 495 525
295 328 561 394 Ui
164 197 230 262
25
554 591 628 665 283 X
369 406 443 480
258 295 332 621 662 704 745 329
26 184 221 496 538
^4 ) 4 4 55
27 207
230
248
277
289
323
331
369
372
415 ' 461 508 554 600 692
769
738
821
785
872
851
923
380
438 oi
28 513 564 615 667
359 410 461 852 908 965 1022 501
29 256 307 681 738 CP

454 511 568 624

284 340 397
30
i 145 p c f x>
30 00 p s i W =
Fo r w e i g h t of concrete other than 145 pcf,
11 iply by [ w / 1 4 5 ] 5/ 2 f c

E I / 2 .5
C q
El 1 + Rm

5
 Round
32 34 36 columns,
24 26 28 30
18 20 22 dia. = t
r^ b 10 12 14 16
KJ
7 7 8 8 9 O
4 5 5 6 6
3 4 13 14 “ 14— <G
6 7 8 9 9 10 n 12
7 5 6
17 18 1 9~ 21 22 n
12 13 14 16
7 8 9 11 28 - 30 31 r:
8 17 19 21 23 24 26
9 10 12 14 15
29 31 34 36 38 41 43 7 c
21 24 26
10 12 14 17 19 3
42 45 48 51 54 58 10 3
29 32 35 38 ■
71 )4 ir»
11 16 22 25
54 58 ó¿ ir 75
37 41 46 50 Un
20 25 29 33 85 90 96 20
12 48 53 56 64 69 74 80
26 32 37 42 99 106 113 119 27 bú
13 73 79 86 93
46 53 59 66 147 36
14 53 39 106 114 122 131 139
73 81 90 98
40 49 57 65
15 <
159 169 179 46
49 59 69 79 89 99 109 119 129 139 149
179 190 202 214 59 EL
16 119 171 143 155 167 c
83 95 107 24 0 255 75
17 39 71
155 170 184 198 212 2 26 <D
99 113 127 141 299 93
18 70 85 216 233 2 49 266 283
149 166 183 19 9
83 99 116 153 31 0 33 0 349 114
19 213 233 252 272 291
136 155 174 194
20 97 116
58 2 404 139 m
269 29 2 314 337 359
157 179 202 224 247 167
21 112 134 362 38 8 413 43 9 4 65
258 28¿ 310 336
155 181 206 232 472 502 532 200
22 129 3 25 354 3 84 413 443
206 236 266 295
57 0 604 237 ro
23 147 177 436 470 503 537
302 335 369 403
24 16 7 201 235 268
531 569 607 645 683 279 Cn_
3 79 417 455 493
227 265 303 341
25 189
640 683 725 768 326 X
469 512 555 597
298 541 384 426 812 86 0 380
26 213 256 621 669 717 765
430 478 526 573
334 4 39 O
c*
K\
co

27 239 286 746 799 853 90 6 959

533 586 639 693
28 266 319 373 426 479
82 9 88 8 948 1007 1066 506 1
592 651 711 770 Cn
rtze; 414 4 74 535 1049 1115 1 180 579
29 29.6 787 852 910 983
524 590 655 721
30 327 39 3 459

145 pcf i
f' = 4000 PSI w
For w e i g h t other than 145 p c f , m u l t i p .y ^ J
 Long
columns 5.3. Valúes of EJ./2.5
X 1 0 's k¡p-in.
5000 PS1 W = W 5 pcf
of oth«r th.n 1 « P<*. >» C " /» 3 5/2
For weight

E 1 / 2 ,
_ £ _ J 3 _______
El 1 + R
m
176

10 12

6
7
8 9
9 13
10 14 17

11 19 25
12 25 30
13 32 39
14 40 48
15 50 60

16 60 73
17 73 87
18 86 104
19 102 122
20 119 142

21 137 165
22 | 158 190
23 I 181 217
24 - j 205 246 1
.25 ■ 232 278

26 261 315
27 292 351
28 326 591
29 362 455
50 401 482

of concrete ot her than 145 peí, muí

Fo r v e íg h t

EX
 Réinforcement 1. Mínimum width . rectangular columns .

NUMBER
w i/n.DC.r\ OF
vi BARS IN ROW (NOT 1NCLUDiNS SPLlC_c$2
Bar 1 8 9 10 !
3 4 5 6 :: i; /
SIZE 2
19. 50 21.63 2 3 J75
8.88 11.00 1^.13 15.25 :. 1 . 38
; 1, 6 . 7 5 10.75 13« 50 16. 25 i9.oo ;>1.75 '24.50 27.25 30 v 00
8.00 2.15 2.45 2 .7 6 ÍM 07
1.23 1. 5 3 1*84
.61 .92
.■ i 18.25 20 -50 22. 75 2 5 ; 00
9.2 5 11.50 13.75 16.00
«6 7.00 ! 26.50 29.50 32.. 50
14.50 17 . 50 20. 50 23.50
8. 50 11. 50
2.65 3.09 3.53 3.98 4!.,42
. 88 3 . 33 1.77 2. 21

21. 50 23.88 26.25

12.00 14. 38 Ib. 75 19.13
#7 7. 25 9.6 3 28. 50 31.75 35.00
12.25 15.50 18. 75 22. 00 25.25
9.00
4 . 21 4. 31 5.41 6.01
1. 80 2.41 3.01 3.61
1. 20
20.00 22. 50 25.00 27. 50
10.00 12.50 : 15-00 17. 50
j #8 1 7. 50 23.50 27,00 30. 50 34, 00 37. 50
9.50 13.00 16. 50 20. 00 7. 85
4.71 5Í 50 6. 28 7.07
1.57 2 -36 3.14 !3 . 9 3

2 2.05 24. 87 27.69 30. 51

10.77 1 3 . 5 9 i 16. 41 19.23
19 7.95 29.94 33 . 89 37. 84 41.79
14.15 18.10 ! 22.05 26.00
10. 20
6.00 7 . OC 8.00 9 . 00 10 . 00
2.00 3. 00 4.00 ; 5. 00

24. 32 27. 50 30 . 67 33.85

11.62 14. 80 17.97 21.15
#10 8. 45 33.21 37.66 42. 10 46. 55
15.43 19.88 24.32 28.77
10.99 8. 67 10. 13 11.40 12.67
3. 80 5 . 07 6.33 7 . 60
2.53
30. 09 33.61 37.14
15.99 19. 51 23.04 26. 56
| #11 8.94 12. 46 46. 30 51.24
26. 56 31. 50 36. 43 4 1 . 37
11.76 16. 69 21.63 14.05 15. 61
7 . 81 9.37 10.93 12. 49
3.12 4.68 6. 25
31.09 35. 32 39 . 55 43. 79
14. 16 18. 39 22. 62 26. 86
i #14 9.93 42.94 48. 86 54.79 60.72
19.24 25.16 31.09 37. 01
13. 31 15. 75 18.00 20. 25 22. 50
i! 4. 50 6.75 9. CC 11.25 13.50

40. 63 46. 27 51.91 57.55

18. 06 23.70 29-34 34. 98
¡ #18 12. 41 64.32 72. 22 80.12
32.73 40. 63 48.53 56. 43
16.93 24. 83 32.00 36.00 40.00
16.00 20. 00 24.00 28.00
8.00 12.00
11

Notes: In eachT^ ° ^ ' st entry is the rainimum width for end- bearm g
( a )
s p l i c e s and double-row lap s p l i c e s . in_ i i ne lap
The second entry is the mínimum w idth leí m une P
(b)
(c) T h e 't h i r d entry is the arca of s t a e ^ ties
2, The «ble is baseí » íor No.'18 bars
3 Edqe distance for vertical Dais is ¿ '
and 2 . 0 in . for a ll other ^ a r s . ia
Lap s p l ic e s in tensió n are not permitted íor No.
ba r s , according to ACI 313-6 3.
 REINFORCEMENT 2.1.1: PITCH OF SPIRALS (INCHES) FOR ROUND COLUMNS
1*5 INCii C O N C R E T E PROTECTION m

O
f » 60 ksi 25
"y = 40 ksi y O
w m
N s
H
W f 1 . ksi V - ksi
c
4.0 5.0
O #4 #5 #3 #4 #5 #3 #4 #5 #3 #4 #5 #4
u #3 #4 #5
n .75+) — «1.7 5+Í —
14 11 JITtVP 2 . 00 + ¡2 . 0 0 | 2 . 00 2 . 00 -
+- pl. 75 + 1 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 + . 00"1 2 . 00 + = r5
16 13 1.75+1 2 . 0 0 2 . 00 + ^2 . 00 ] 2 . 00 + 12 .00 i 2.00 O
2.50 2.50 *2 . 0 0 i 2 . 50 2 . 50 ¡1.75+1 2 . 5 0 2 . 5 0 12.501 2 . 5 0 IC C3
18 15 1 . 7 5-d !2 . 5 0 1 2 . 5 0 Í2 .5 0
2.75 ¡2 . 0 0 ¡ 2 . 75 2.75 ¡1.75+¡ 2 . 7 5 2 . 7 5 J2.50Í 2 . 7 5
20 17 ¡2.00 i l2.50¡ 2 . 7 5 (2 . 75 1 2 . 7 5 j2 . 7 5 ¡ 3 . 0 0
O
3 . 00 , 2. 2 5 j 3 .0 0 3.00 ¡1.75+J 3 .0 0 3 .0 0 O co
22 19 ,2.00 1 3.00 3.00 12 . 75 3 . 0 0 I3 .0 0 11 3 . 00 "Z -T3
j I ' 1
t ¡
I * *** . 00 * 3 . 5 0 .50 3.50 1 .775^ . 25)3.50 ’¡2 . 7 5 j-3 .50:
24 21 |2 •00 , 3 . 5 0 3 . 5 0 |2.75! 3 . 5 0 3.50 ¡2 . 25 J
3 .50 3.75 1 . 7 5+ . 2 5 ¡3.75 ,2. 75, 3 . 7 5
26 23 |2.00 . 3.50 3.75 ¡2.751 3 . 7 5 13 . 00 i 3 . 5 0 3.75 2.25
2.8 25 12.00 1 3 . 5 0 3.75 ¡2. 75, 3 . 7 5 !3 .00 1 3 . 50 3.75 2.25 ! 3 . 50 3.75 1 . 75+ . 2 5 |3.75 2.75 3.75
! 3 .50 3.75 1.75+ .25,3.75 !2 .7 5 : 3:. 75.
30 27 ¡2.00 1 3.50 3.75 , 2. 75' 3 . 7 5 13 .0 0 3.50 3.75 Í2.25
¡2.75* 3 . 7 5 P £2
3.75 |2 .7 5 1 3 . 7 5 .0 0 1 3 . 5 0 3.75 ¡2. 25 t 3 .50 3.75 1.75+ . 2 5 { 3 . 75 pr? m
32 29 |2 .00 1 3.50 I I
t !f 1 !i i O OO
I 1 1 . 7 5 + '3 . 2 5 1 3 . 7 5 te. 7-513 .7 5
34 31 ¡2 . 0 0 ¡ 3 . 5 0 3.75 '2.75,3 !3 . 00 i 3 .50 3,75 ¡ 2. 25 j 3 .50 3 . 7 5 O “TI
12.75 3 i *3 . oo ! 3.50 3.75 12.25 ' 3 .50 3.75 1 . 7 5 + Í3 . 2 5 | 3 . 75 •2.751 3 .75 SE
36 33 ,2.00 | 3 . 5 0 3.75 rx?
.00 ! 3.5 0 3.75 12.25 1 3 . 50 3 . 7 5 1.75+ 13. 2 5 ¡ 3 . 7 5 |2. 75| 3 .75
38 35 ,2.00 ¡ 3.50 3.75
1 . 7 5 + ]3 . 2 5 , 3 . 7 5 ¡2.75| 3 .75 30
40 37 ,2.00 ¡ 3 . 5 0 3.75 1¡3 . 00 i .3*50 3.75 12.25 * 3 .50 3 . 7 5 O
i .00 1 . 7 5 + 13 _25j 3 , 75 j2 . 75j 3.75' ‘ c:
42 39 l2_.7 5j 3.' lp
¡--- j 3.50 3 . 75 12.25 1 3 .50 3.75 2*
c?
Table Prepared for 1" Máximum Size Aggregate Note: Most E c o n o m i c a l S e l e c t i o n s o
are i n d i c a t e d t h u s : j ~| o
+ Valúes Require 3/4” Máximum Size Aggregate cr
S
Note: The dashed linea indicate that spiral spacing I--
cannot be provided within limitations of ACI 318-63
for those combinations of coiumn size and material
strengths.

<fc¿
 „ . . p^TCH O- S*™fcLS (IN C H E S ) FOR ROUND COLUMNS
REINFORCEMENT 2 . ^

REINFORCEMENT
f M
2 INCH CONCRETE PROTECTION

2.1.2: PITCH OF SPIRALS (INCHES) FOR ROUND COLUMNS

2 INCH CONCRETE PROTECTION
i 2. 00 > 2 . 00+
2.00 2.00+
12.001 2.00+ 2.25
! 2 . 2 5 * 2 . 25
2.25 2 5 ¡ 2 . 50
>2.251 2.25 2.50 2.50 i2 -
¡2.501 2 .50
3 . 00
1 1 3.00 3.00 i 2 *25 ¡
3.00 25 } 3 ., 25
|2.50| 3 . 25 3 .25 ÚL
12.501 3.25 2, , 25 ¡3 ■.s o l
3 .50 3.50
12.50' 3 .50 3.75
2 . 25 l 3 .. 751
3 .50
'2.50 3.75 3.75
2 ,. 25 13 . 7 5 -
3 .50 i
>2.75! 3.75
{ 2 .25 ■jJi
i 3.50 3.75
3.75 2 . 50 3 .75
¡2.7 51 3.50 3.75 3 .75
U nC! 3.75 3.75
2 ’ 50
3 .50 2 .50 3 .75
a.7 5' 3.75 3 .50 3.75
3.75 2 .50 3 .75
12.75* 3 .50 3.75 0 .50 3 ,75
3.75 3.50 3.75
!2 -7 5 ! 3.75 1 ‘
>l-Jh Most Economicai Selections
Note :
xndicstcd thus. j
are
: I
i_____ ¡
Bot e . The a * * ^ 1Í " " i ¿ " t l í t t í t í S Í s r í c í 318- 639
trengths.
r z n tz s s £ íi» “ s ^ .i» «na . . * « 1 . 1 .
 8

REINFORCEMENT 2.2 i PITCH OF SPIRALS (IÑCHES) FOR SQUARE COLÜMNS

lH INCH CONCRETE PROTECTION 2 INCH CONCRETE PROTECTION

oí oí f - 40
w f = 40 k s i f =60 ksi

REINFORCEMENT
w f =60 k si
W
N y y y ksil y
H
f
W W c * , ka i V ' ksi
H
f c 1, ksif £q ', k si
26 Q
£y
3 .0 4 .0 3.0 4.0 5 .0 M 3 .0 3. 0
g 5 .0
6.0
O
o #5 #5 1 #4 #5 #4 #5 #5 U
#5 #5 #4 #5 #5 #5

2.2; PITCH
16 13 2 . 00 ^ S T o c h ! 1 Í2 . 0 Q] 2 . 00 + [2 .oó; 2 . 00 + 12. 00 + ¡2 00+1 12 12. 00 +' ' ¡2 . 00 Í 2 . 00 + ¡2 . 00+1 ¡2 . 00 +i
18 15 2.50 2 . 00 + !| 2.50} 2.50 .2 .OOl 2.50 2.50 |2. 00+i 14 2.25 1 ¡ 2 . 2 5 ! 2.25 12. 25 1 ¡2 . 00 +|

i
20 17 2.75 |2.00+, |,2 . 50| 2.75 2.75 2.50 00+1 16 2.25 ! ¡2-25* 2.50 't2 . 5 0 i |2 . 00 +|
22 19 2.50 [2^00+i 112 . 5 0 j 3.00 *3.00 ¡ 2.25 00+! 18 2.25 1 12 ,_00 ¡ 3 .00 >2.5-0 1 12,-00 +j
24 21 2.50 3.50 2.75 J 2.25 20 2 . 00+1 2 . 0 0 [3^25] ¡2.25 ¡

OF SPIRALS
~ II?¿5PJ
I í
26 23 2.50 2.25 p r 7 5¡ 2.75 j 2.25 22 2 . 00 + r27doi 3.00 ¡2.25 | ——
28 25 *2.25 2.25 *3.50 2.75 i 2 . 00 + 24 ¡2 . 00+1 |2 -_P0f 3 .0 0 12. 25 | —
30 27 ^2. 25 2.25 ¡3.50¡ 2.50 i 2 .00+ 26 [2 J>0 +¡ firo 0 ! ^2.25 ,
32 29 12.25 2.00 I *2-*l 2.50 | 2 . 00+ 28 {2 .751 i2 . 00 + -

FOR SQUARE
34 31 s2 . 00 + 2.00 [3 ¿25\ 2.50 | |2 0+ 30 '2 7 5 1 12 . 00 +*
r * /3¡ i |
i 1 ..~ ¡
36 33 ¡2 . 00 + ¿2 -00 ] 3 . 0 0 2.25 | 32 ‘ 2 . 00+1
! i
38 35 ¡2 . 00 + t2 ._00 j 3.00 2.25 | 2 .7 5 , ¡2 . 00 +| -
40 37 ¡2^ 00 + 2 .25 | 136 2*50, (2 ^ 00 +j --
42 39 ¿Ja \2*_00t) I38 Í2t_50j -- --

COLUMNS
J-
T ab la Preparad for 1 ” Máximum S i z e A g g re g ste Note: Most Economical Selections
+ Valuee R e q u ir e 3/ 4 11 Máximum Si s a A g g re g ate are indicated thus? _

Notes. The dashed l in e a in d íc ate that a p i r a l epacing

cannot bm p ro v id e d w i t h in lim ítatío n s of ACX 318- 63"
for those com binatíons of colman s i z e and m a te ria l
str«ngths*
R E IN F O R C E M E N T 3 . 1 . 1 . H A X IH U H NUMBER OF 3ARS P E R M IT T E D FOR CO LU *. TYPE

AND S P L .IC E TVPE i l l u s t r a t e í ) ( 1 / 2 lH C K T1£S

m. s»»*.«. »-
4*- The s t e & l r a t i o , As t/A g.
Pt

w “ l s"-‘ “ - r r ^ r / r - J / i 1 ia¿
 Reinforcement 3.1.2. Máximum number of bars permítted for cclumn type
AND SPLICE TYPE 1LLUSTRATED (1/2 INCH T!£S)

Ag BAR S1ZE DESIGNA!ION

eq 7 9 10 11
32 32 28 28 24 20 U>
24 í>76 9.82 14. 14 16. 84 21. 99 2 ¡S* 0 0 ¡25 ►34 24,98
. 01 70 0245 ¿3 82 . 0416 . 0440 . 0434

36 32 28 2¡8 [ r 24 .20 |: 16
25 625 1 1. 04 14.14 16. 84 21.99 24.00 25. 34 24.98
. 0177 0226 . 0269 . 0352 . 0384 . 0405 . 0400

36 32 32 28 24 20 20
26 676 1 1 . 04 14. 14 19. 24 21.99 2 4 . 00 25, 34 31. 23
. 016 3 0209 . 02 85 G 325 . 03 55 .0375 . 04 62

40 36 32 32 28 24 20
27 729 1 2 .2 ? 15* SO 1 9. 24 25. 13 23.00 30.40 31.23
. 0163 .0218 . 0264 . 0345 . 0384 . 0417 . 0428

40 36 36 32 28 24 20
28 784 12.27 1 5 . 90 2.1. 65 25.13 28. 00 30 . 4 0 31. 23
. 01 57 * 0203 . 02 76 . 0321 . 0357 . 03 88 . 0 39 8

44 40 36 36 28 24 24
29 841 13. 50 17.07 2 1 . 65 28. 27 28.00 30. 40 37. 47
. 0161 .02 10 . 0257 . 03 36 . 0333 . 0362 . 0446

44 40 40 3 6' 32 28 24
30 900 13. 50 .17. 67 24.05 26. 27 3 2 . 00 ,35. 47 37 . 47
. 0150 . 0196 .026'/ . 0314 . 03 55 . 0394 . C 4 16

44 44 40 36 32 28 24
31 961 13. 50 19. 44 24. 05 28. 27 32.00 35. 47 37. 47
. 0140 . 0202 . 0250 . 0294 . 0333 . 0 369 . 03 90

48 44 40 40 32 28 24
32 1024 14.73 19. 44 24, 05 31. 42 32.00 35. 47 37. 47
. 01 44 .0.190 . 0235 . 0307 «0312 . 0346 . 03 66

48 48 44 40 36 32 28
33 1089 1 4. 73 21 . 21 26. 46 31.42 3 6 . 00 40. 54 43. 72
. 0135 .0195 . 0243 .0288 . 0330 . 03 72 . 04 01

52 48 44 44 36 32 28
34 1156 1 5 . 95 21. 21 26. 46 34. 56 3 6 . 00 4 0 . 54 43.72
. 0138 . 0183 . 0229 . 0299 . 0311 . 0351 . 0378

52 48 48 44 40 32 28
35 1225 1 5 . 95 2 1 . 21 28. 86 34. 56 40. 00 40. 54 4 3.72
. 0130 . 01 7 3 . 02 36 . 02 82 . 0326 . 0331 .0357

56 52 48 44 40 36 32
36 1296 17. 18 22. 97 28. 86 34 . 56 40. 00 45.60 49.97
. 01 33 . 01 77 . 0223 . 0 2 67 . 03 08 . 03 52 . 0386

56 52 52 48 40 36 32
37 1369 1 7. 18 2 2. 97 31. 27 37. 70 40.00 45.60 49.97
.0125 . 0168 . 0 2 28 . 02 75 . 0292 .0333 . 03 65

For each bar &ize and dimensión* thre* valuee ar®

ehoun.. They repres en t , in o rder:
& # The maximutn n u m b jr of bar a permittad; claaimancat
cavar and aplica type oonoidertd.
t°=11 t The area of úteel, A9 t probidad by ¡V bars, sq. in.
c JU __ Thit eteel r a t i o , A$%/A
á> Si Pt 9*

RADIAL SPL ICE

Tablea con&ider 1 inch máximum a g g r eg a te. Add 1 i n. for p iles
and formed aolumns exponed to weather or earth. Add 2 in. for
columna or piere formed again&t ea r t h .
 REINFORCEMENT 3,2,1. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF 3ARS PERM1TTED FOR COLUMN TYPE

AND SPLICf TYPE iLLUSTRATED (1/2 1HCH TI ES)

BAR SIZE DESiGHATION — — r

ng 18
in. sq. in 10 u ( W-

8 a 4 4
! 8
2 * 45
8
3.53 4 -81 6.28 00 5. 0 7 6.25
10 100 0400 0507 0625
. 0245 .0353 0481 . 06 28

4 4 4
8 8 8
12 5.07 6.35 9, OOl
4. 81 6.28 8.00
11 121 3,68 j 3.53 . 0516 .0744
0398 i 0519 0661 0419
,0304 1.0292
4
12 8 8 4

144
12
3.68
12
5. 30 7. 22 6. 2 8 8. 00 10. 13 6.25 9 . 00
.0625
12 . 0436 0555 . 0704 . 0434
. 02 56 ¡. 0368 , 0501
8 4
12 12
169
12
3.68
12
5. 30 7 . 22 9.42 8 . 00 1 0 . 13 1 2. 49
. 0739
9.00
. 0533
13 . 05 58 0473 . 0600
€218 . 0314 . 04 27
8 4
12 12 12
16 S 16 10. 13 12.49 9.00
7.22 9.42 1 2 . 00
14 196 4.91 7.07 . 0517 . 0637 0459
. 0368 . 0481 . 0612
0250 1.0361
12 8 4 4
16 16 16 16 12
9.00 16-00
12. 57 12.00 15. 20 12* 49
225 4.91 7.07 9.62 . 04 00 .07 n
15 . 0559 .0533 .0676 . Q55S
0218 . 03 14 .0428

12 12 8
4
16 12
20 | 20 16
9.62 12.57 1 2 . 00 15. 20 18. 74 18.00 >6.00
0625
16 256 6.14 I 8.84 . 0594 . 0732 . 0703
. 0376 . 04 91 . 0468
0240 1.0345
12 12 8 4
20 16 16 lé.OÜ
20 20 15.20 18. 74 18. 00
17 289 6.14 8.84 12. 03 12.57 16. 00
. 05 26 .0648 . 0623 .0554
. 0416 . 04 35 . 0 5 53
. 0212 | . 03 0 6
16 16 12 8 4
24 20 20 20
20. 27 18.74 18.00 10.00
324 7. 36 l. 84 12.03 15.71 1 6. 00
. 0556 .0494
18 .0485 . 0 4 93 . 0626 . 05 78
.. 0227 , 0273 .0371
12 12 4
16 16
24 24 20 20
2 0. 27 1 8. 74 2 7. 00 16.00
19 361 7. 36 ¡10.60 1 2 . 03 15.71 16. 00
.0561 . 05 19 . 0748 .0443
. 02 94 . 0333 .0435 0443
. 02 04
12
.00 16 4
24 20 16
28 I 24 24
20.27 24.98 27.00 16.00
20 400 8.59 1 0. 60 14.43 18. 85 20
. 0507 .0625 . 0675 .0400
. 03 61 . 04 71 . 05 0 0
0215 i . 02 65
16 16 12
24 24 20 32.00
21 441
28
8.59
28
12.37 14. 43 18.85 .
2 0 00 20.27
. 0460
2 4. 93
. 05 67
27.00
. 0613 .0726
. 0327 .0427 . 0453
. 01 95 I . 02 8 0
20 16 12 ft
32 28 28 24 20
2 7. 00 32.00
16.84 1 8. 85 2 0 00 . 25. 34 2 4 . 98
.066’l
22 484 9. 82 12.37
. 0 2 56 . 0 3 48 .0389 . 04 13 . 0523 . 0516 . 05 58
. 0203
16 16 8
20
32 32 28 28 24
25.34 2 4 . 98 36.00 32.00
23 529 9.82 14. 14 16.84 2 1 . 99 24.00
. 0479 . 0472 . 0681 .0605
. 02 67 .0318 .0416 . 0453
. 0186

——-- » •» ¡ " ''• y ü U .

The máximum nimbar o f bar* ***•«*
i fi
aover and » p l i c « t-UP* bare i».
A The área o f * . t p r o v e a by » bare. •<
-di— The eteol v a t i o , Át t / * g •
1 m _____ f
l \Pt i

bearing s p l i c e . ,,

acolumna
% s orr ^ * = ^ 3 « ,r s « , - - í ! í -
p ier ^ formed agarnet earth.
 Rein fo r c em en t 3.2.2. Máximum number of s a r s p e r m it t e d for column t v p e

AHD SPLICE TYPE ILLUSTRATED (1/2 INCH T IE S )

f Ag BAR SIZE DESIGNATION
tn. sq t t n.
! 5 6 7 !¡ 8 ¡ G
r--—— h ¡ lio 11 tt IB

36 32 32 28 24 20
24 576
20 16 8
11*04 14.14 19.24 21.99 24.00 25.34 3 1. 23 36.00 32,00
. 01 9 2 . 02 45 . 03 34 . 0382 . 04 16 .0440 .0542 .06 25 .0556
36 36 32 32 28 24 20 16 \2
25 625 11.04 15.90 19.24 25.13 28. Q0 30.40 3 1 . 23 36.00 48.00
. 0177 .0254 .0308 . 0 4 02 .0448 .0484 , 05 00 .076B
. 0576
40 36 32 32 28 24 20 16 12
26 676 12. 27 15.90 19. 24 25. 13 28.00 30. 40 31. 23 36. 00 48.00
. 0182 .0235 . 02 85 . 0372 . 0 4 14 . 0450 . 0462 0710
. 0 533
40 36 36 32 28 24 24
27 * 20 12
729 12.27 15.90 2 1 . 65 25.13 28.00 30 . 40 37. 47 4 5 . 00 481.00
. 0168 .0218 . 0297 .0345 . 0 3 84 .0417 . 0514 .0618 .0659
44 40 36 36 32 28 24
28 5:0 12
784 13. 50 1 7. 67 21. 65 28. 27 32. 00 3 5 . 47 37.47 45 . 00 48.00
.0172 .0225 . 02 76 .0361 . 0408 . 0452 .0478 .0 57 4 0612
44 40 40 36 32 28
29 841.
24 fco 12
13. 50 17.67 24. 05 28. 27 32.00 35. 47 3 7 . 47 45.00 48.00
. 0161 . 0210 . 0286 . 03 3 6 . 03 80 . 04 22 ..0446 .057)
• 1 5 35
44 44 40 40 32 28 24
30 So 16
900 13.50 19.44 24. 05 31. 42 32. 00 3 5 . 47 37.4 7 45. 00 64.00
.0150 . 02 16 . 02 67 . 0349 . 0355 . 0 3 94 -0 416 . €500 07) 1

48 44 44 40 36 32 28 ;o
31 961
ló
14.73 1 9 . 44 26.46 3 1 . 42 36.00 40.54 13.-72 45.00 64.00
.0153 . 0 2 02 . 0275 . 03 27 . 0 3 74 .0422 -0455 . C 469 Oéóó
48 40 44 40 ' 36 32 28 24 16
32 1024 14.73 2 1. 21 26. 46 31. 42 36. 00 40. 54 4 3. 72 54.00 64.00
. 01 44 . 02 07 .0258 .0307 . 03 51 . 0396 . 0427 . ( ‘528 .0625
52 48 44 44 36 32 28 24
33 16
1089 15.95 21.21 26.46 3 4 . 56 36. 00 4Q. 54 43.72 54.00 6100
. 0146 .0195 . 0243 . 0 3 17 . 03 30 .0372 . 04 01 05=88
.0496
52 52 48 44 40 36 32 24 \6
34 1156 1 5 . 95 2 2. 97 28.86 34.56 40. 00 45.60 49.97 54.00 64.00
. 0138 . 01 99 . 02 50 . 0299 . 0 $46 .0394 . 0432 . 0467 .0554
56 52 48 48 40 36 32 24 20
35 1225 17. 18 2 2 . 97 28. 86 37. 70 40. 00 45. 60 49. 97 54. 00 80.00
. 0140 . 0188 .0236 .0308 .0326 . 0372 ..0408 .(441 .0653
56 52 52 48 40 36 32 28 20
36 1296 17. 18 2 2 . 97 3 1 . 27 37.70 40. Ü0 4 5. 60 49*97 63.00 80,00
. 01 3 3 . 01 7 7 . 0241 .0291 .0308 . 03 52 . 03 86 .0617
. 04 8 6
60 56 52 48 44 36 32 28 20
37 136 9 1 8. 41 24. 74 3 1 . 27 37.70 44. 00 45. 60 49. 97 63.00 80.00
. 0134 . 0181 .0228 .0275 . 0321 . 0333 .0365 .0460 .0584

For eaah bar eize and dÍM#neions three valune ara

úhown» They reprée ent, In o r d e n
The máximum number of haré per mltt&d ; alvarano * >
aover and éplioe typét ctoneidered.
The a m a of e t e * l M Aet provided by M ba r#, $ q . in.
4a-
Tt The ete el r a t i o 3 Áñ^/A„*

BEARING SPLICE
Tablee con eide r 2 inch máximum aggreg at®. Add 1 i n . f o r pilen
and forméd columna expoeed to weather or e a r t h . Add 2 i n . fo r
aolumns or piere formed againot earth.
 Reinforcement 3.5.1. «a x .muh » » Bc« of b « s P I B . . T . E D fc» coeuh, tyfe

¿wn fiPUCE TYPE iLLUSTRATED ÍI/2 INCH TI ES)

1 111 ~i
BAR S IZE D£-SiGNATlON
t i
in. e q .in . 8 10 11

4 4 4
4 4 4
3. 14 4.00 5.07
100 1.23 1.77 2. 41
10 . 0314 . 0400 i . 05 07
. 01 2 3 . 01 77 .0241

4 4 4
8 4 4
8 4.00 5.07 6. 2 5
2.41 3.14
11 121 2.45 3 «j53
. 0292 . 0199 . 0260 . 0330 . 0419 . 0516
. 0203
4 4 4
8 6.25
6. 28 4.00 5.07
144 2.45 3.53 4. 81 . 04 34
12 . 03 34 .0436 . 02 78 | . 03 52
. 0170 . 02 45
4 4 4
12 4.00 . 5«07 6.25
3.68 3.53 4. 8 1 6. 28
13 169 . 02 37 ¡ . 0300 . 0370
. 0209 . 02 85 . 0372
. 0218
4 4
12 12 8 6.25
3.68 5. 30 4.81 6. 28 8.00 I 5.07
14 196 , 04 08 | . 0259 . 0319
. 01 8 8 | . 02 70 .0245 . 0321

8 4
12 12 12 8
8. 00 | l 0 . 13 6.25
15 225 3 . 68 5.30 7.22 6.28
.0279 . 03 55 . 0450 . 0278
. 0164 . 0236 . 03 21
8
16 12 12 12
8.00 ¡10.13 12. 49
2S6 4.91 5.30 7.21 9.42
. 0396 . 0488
16 , 0368 . 0312
. 01 92 . 0207 . 028 í

12 8
16 12 12
16 1 2. 00 [10.13 12.49
4.91 7.07 7. 22 9. 42
17 289 . 0 4 15 . 0 3 51 . 0432
. 01 70 .0245 0250 . 0326

16 12 12 8 8
16 j 16 12.00 [10.13 1 2. 49
4.91 1 7.07 9.62 9.42
18 324 . 03 70 l. 0 3 1 3 0386
.0152 ! . 0 2 1 8 0297 . 0291

20 1 16 16 16 12 12
12. 00 ¡15.20 1 2 . 49
7.07 9.62 12. 57
19 361 j 6.14 . 0421 0346
0267 .0348 . 03 32
.0170 .0196

16 16 12 12 * 8
20
6.14
20
8. 84 9.62 12.57 12. 00 [15. 20 12. 49
400 .0300 . 0380 .0312
. 0221 . 0241 . 03 14
. 01 5 3

20 16 16 16 12 12
20 16. 00 |1 5 . 2 0 1 8. 74
8. 84 9.62 1 2 . 57
441 6.14 . 034 5 . 04 25
.0218 . 02 85 . 0363
.0139 . 02 00
16 12 12
20 20 16
¡ 24 1 6. 00 |1 5 . 2 0 18.74
8. 84 12. 03 1 2 . 57
484 I 7.36
. 02 60 . 0330 . 0314 . 0387
1 -0152 .0183 . 02 4 8

20 16 12 12
24 20 18.74
i 24 10.60 1 2. 03 15. 71 1.6.00 |1 5 . 2 0
23 529 1 7 -36 . 0 3 02 . Q2£ 7 . 03 54
. 0200 .0227 . 0297
f . 01 39

eaTh and
ba7 .U * "*
okown.They £" Z Í t f d i eUarvne*.
T he máximu m nimbe*' of haré rmtr
X r o M ly t ’ bar*. in.
The $ t * * l vatio,
Tt

PERIHETER SPLiCE aja 1 n fov

Tablee conside r 1 ineh maximuvi aggreg ate. Add 1 » . f or P
and forme d oolumn• «x p o ** d te 0 * a t h « r or é «*th . Add 2 t » . j
columns or pierv formed aga inet e a r t h .
 Re i n f o r c e m e n t 3.5.2, Má x i m u m number of bars permitted for cqlumn type

AND S P L I C E TYPE ILLUSTRATED Q/2 I NCH T 1 E S )

ng BAR S12E DESIGNA!ION

e q . in. 7 10 11

20' . 16 ^ 12
28 24 20
1S . 7.1 16. 00 2 Q j. 2 7 '[18.74
24 576 8,59 10. 60 1 2. 03
0273 . 0278 ,0352 . 0325
,0149 . 0184 , 0209

24 24 20 20 16 X2
28 18.7 4
1 0 . 60 14. 43 15. 71 20.00 20.27
25 625 8. 59 . 0300
. 0 1 70 .0233 0251 .0320 . 0324
, 0137

24 24 20 16 16
28 28
20. 27 24.98
26 676 8. 59 12.37 14.43 18. 85 2C. 0 0
. 0213 .0279 . 0296 . 0300 . 0370
. 0127 . 0138

32 28 24 24 20 16 16
14. 43 18.85 20. CO 20. 27 24.98
27 729 9. 82 12. 37
.0170 . 019 8 .0259 . 0274 .0278 . 0343
. 0135

28 24 20 20 16
16. 84 18. 85 2 0 . 00 2 5 . 34 24.98
784 9.82 12. 37
. 02 15 . 02 40 . 0255 .0323 .0319
. 01 25 . 0158

28 24 24 20 16
32 32
9.82 j.4. 14 16. 84 18. 85 24.00 ¡2.5.34 24.98
29 841 . 0297
. 01 17 i 0168 02 0 0 . 0224 .0255 .0301

28 28 24 20 16
36 32
16. 84 21.99 24. 00 25. 34 24.98
30 900 11. 04 14. 14
. 024 4 . 0266 ; Q282 . 0 278
. 0123 . 0157 0187

28 24 20 20
36 32 32
2 1 . 99 24.00 25. 34 31.23
31 961 1 1 . 04 14.14 19.24
.0250 , 0264 . 0325
. 01 15 0147 .0200 . 0229

36 32 28 24 24 20
36 31.23 if
11.04 1 5 . 90 19.2 4 2 1 . 99 2 4 . 00 30. 40
32 1024 . C 305
,0188 . 02 15 . 0234 . 02 97
.0108 . 0 1 55

32 32 28 24 20
40 36
19. 24 2 5 . 13 28.00 30. 40 31.23 ,
33 1089 1 2 . 27 15. 90
. 0231 . 0257 .0279 . 0287
. 01 13 . 01 46 0177

32 28 | 24 20
40 36 32
19. 24 25.13 28.00 3 0 . 40 3 1 . 23
34 1156 12.27 1 5 . 90
; 0217 . 0 2 42 . 02 63 . 0270
. 0106 0138 . 01 66

36 32 28 24 20
44 40
2 5. 13 28.00 30. 40 31.23
35 122 ! 13.50 1 7. 67 2 1. 65
. 0255
.0110 . 01 44 . 0177 .0205 .0228 : 024 8

32 28 | 24 24
44 40 36
3 7. 47
13.50 1 7. 67 2 1 . 65 25.13 2 8. 00 | 30.40
36 1296 * 0289
* 0104 .0136 . 0167 . 0194 . 0216 . 0235

36 32 28 24
44 40 36
17.67 21. 65 28 * 27 3 2. 00 35# 47 37.47
37 1369 13. 50 -0274
. 00 99 . 01 29 .0158 . 02 07 . 0234 . 0259

Por «aoh bar *i*s and d im tm ion, thrt» valuta

s h o w n . v t p r e n ú n t , i n o r d * * >
Th* masimur> numbtr o f bars p* r»uttadi oU-wwoí,
úov&t and aplio# typv ootí&i’d&TJd*
Th* Z Z Of l. A¡¡t provid»d b„ 3 ba**t «<?• i» -
^/I? The $t09l ratío» AMt/Ag.
PERIHETER S IL IC E
Tablee oon&idüT 2 inch máximum agg'^&gdt® * ^ ^ in* “foT
and f o rm ed oolumn* *xpo**d to y « « t H * r or earth. Add 5 vn. for
columna or p i & r s fonn&d aga%nst earth.

is*
Re in fo r c em en t ü 1.1 Máximum number of bars p e r m it í ed for columk t y p e

AND SPLICE TYPE ILLUSTRATED (1/2 INCH SPIRALS)

For eaek bar and dimtr.txon three valué* are

e hovnj The# represen £, vn
,
T h e máx i mum nu.nb^¡‘ o f bar» p e r r m z t e d ; - l e a r a n u e
aov** and s f l i c » typ« coneidtred-
The area <>f etsel, A»t prjvyded ly * ¿>ar», «<?.
Thtí ettiel r e l i o ,

1 i n . for p iles
Tablee consider 1 irs h máximum aggr eg ate. Adá
and formed columna expo&ed to weather or earr . Add 2 in. for
columns or p ier& formed agoinat earth.
 R e i n f o r c e m e n i ^.1.2 Má x i m u m numblr of bars permitted for íolukn type

ANO SPLICE TYPE !LLÜSTRATED (1/2 INCH SPfRALS)

t a !, i BAR SiZE DESIGNA!ION

in. e q . i r\.
5 6 7 8 9 10 11

26 24 22 21 18 16 14
24 576 7*97 io.4o 13. ? 2 16. 49 18.00 20. 26 21. 86
. 013 8 . 0 1 84 . 0 2 Í29 . 02 86 i-0312) ‘ . 0351 * 0 379

28 26 ! j 24 22 j 19 17 14
25 6 25 8 * ‘>5 n .40 : 1 4 . 4 3 1 7, 27 19. 00 j 21. S 3 21. 86
. 01 31 .010 . 0230 1 .-0276 . 0303 . 0344 . 0349

29 27 : ! 25 ¡ 23 20 ¡¡ 15
1?
26 670 8.89 , 11. 92 15. 03 1 8 . 06 20.00 1 2 1. 53 23 42
. 0131 . 01 7 6 . 0222 . 0267 . 02 95 : . 0318 . 0346

31 28 26 25 21 18 16
27 ^29 9,51 12. 37 1 5. 63 19, 63 21. 00 22.80 2 4 . 98
.0130 ; . 01 6 9 . 0214 . 0269 . 0287 . 0312 . 0342

32 30 28 26 22 I9 17
28 784 9. 8 1 1 3. 25 16. 83 20. 42 22.00 24. 06 26. 54
. 0125 . 0169 . 0214 . 02 60 . 0280 . 0306 . 03 38

34 31 29 27 24 20 18
29 841 10.4 3 ' 13.69 1 7 . 43 21. 20 2 4 . 00 2 5 . 33 28. 10
. 01 24 .0162 . 02 07 . 0252 . 0285 . 0301 . 0334

35 33 30 28 25 21 19
30 900 10.7 3 14. 57 18.03 21. 99 2 5 . 00 26.60 29.66
. 0119 . 0161 . 0200 .0244 . 02 77 . 0295 .0329

37 34 32 30 26 22 20
31 961 11. 35 15, 02 19.24 23 . 5 6 26. 00 27. 86 3 1 . 22
.0118 . 0156 . 0200 . 0245 .0270 . 0289 . 0324

38 35 33 31 27 23 21
32 10 2,4 11. i 5 15. 46 19. 84 24. 34 27.00 2 9 . 13 32. 79
. 01 1 3 . 01 51 . 01 93 . 0237 . 0263 . 0284 . 03 20

40 37 34 32 28 24 22
33 1089 12. 27 16. 34 20*4.1, 2 5 . 13 28.00 3 0 . 40 34. 35
.0112 .0150 . 0187 . 0230 . 0256 . 0279 . 0315
4jt
?y %
41 * 38 36 33 29 25 -22
34 1156 12. 57 1 6 . 78 2 1 . 64 25.91 29 . 00 31. 66 34.35
. 0108 .0145 . 01 87 . 02 24 . 0250 . 0273 . 0297

43 40 37 35 30 26 23
35 1225 1 3. 19 17.67 22 . 2 4 27. 48 30.00 32.93 35. 91
. 01 07 . 01 4 4 . 01 81 . 0224 . 0244 . 0268 . 0293

44 41 38 36 31 27 24
36 1296 13.49 18.11 22. 85 28. 27 31. 00 3 4 . 20 37.47
. 01 04 . 01 39 . 01 76 . 02 18 . 0239 . 0263 .0289

46 42 40 37 32 28 25
37 1369 14. 11 18.55 24.05 29. 05 32. 00 3 5 . 46 39. 03
. 01 03 . 01 3 5 . 01 75 . 0 2 12 . 0233 . 02 59 .0285 S

For eaoh b a r si&$ and dím&n§ ions tkvm* v a l u a r e

ehown* They repreeent, in order:
The m á x i m u m nimb&r of bar a permitted; o i m t u m n e * t
■aove? a n d eplio* typv aonaíd&V'id.
A„ T h « en»«a o f e t eel, 4 8 t p r o v i d é d by I b a r * » in*
ití- T h e S t e e l ra t í o , A t t / A g .

RADIAL SPLICE
Tablee oonsider 1 inah maxímmn aggregat®, Add 1 in . fer pil®e
and formad aolumns exposed to weather or earth. Ádd $ in. for
oclumns or pi&rs formad againet earth»
 NT 421. Máximum number of bars permuted for ^olumn t e
REIHFORCEMEN . AHD s p U q E .UUSTRATED (1/2. I * H Sf IRALri

bar S i Z E DESi.GHATlOH
n*
& q .in . 8

7
3.09 3; 60 4*71
100 2. 14 . 0471
10 , 0309 .0 360
.0214
8 7
9 8
4.81 5.49
( 2.76 3.53
11 121 . 03 97 . 0454
. 0228 . 02 9 2

9 8
1° 10
5,41 6.28
3.06 4.41
12 144 . 0375 . 0436
* 0213 .0306

10 . 10
12 11 7.85
3.68 4.85 6. 01
13 169 . 0 3 55 . 04 64
. 02 1 7 .0287

13 12 12 1 11
7.21 8.6 3
3.98 5.30
14 196 . 0368 1 . 04 40
.0203 .0270

13 12
15 H 9.42
4 . fcO 6.18 7. 81
15 225 . 03 47 . 04 18
.0204 I .0274

16 15
4.90 6.62
16 256 . 02 58
.0191

18 17
5.52 7.51
17 289
0191 , 0259

18 16 1 14 ,
19 12.56 1 4 . GO
5. 82 7.95 . 03 87 . 0 4 31
18 324
. 0179 . 0245
17 15
19 18
21 13. 35 15. 00
8. 39 1 0. 82
361 6.44 . 03 69 . 04 15
19 . 02 99
.0178 1 .0232
18 16
21 20 16. 00
22 14.13
12.02
400 6.74 I 9.27 .0353 . 0399
20 .0300
. 0168 1 . 0 2 3 1
20 17
24 * 22 21 17.00
12. 62 15. 70
441 7.36 ¡ 9.71 .0356 .0385
21 . 02 2 0 . 0286
„ 016 6
21 18
22
25 ¡ 24 16. 49 18. 00
13.22
484 7 . 6 6 [ 10. 60 . 03 40 .0371
22 .0219 .0273
. 01 5 8
22 19
27 25 23
17.27 1 9 . 00
8.28 1 1 . 04 13.83
23 529 .0326 .0358
. 01 56 .0208 .0261

, . d t Mií a n d three valúas

f o r aaóh bar ® «n o*d*r:
ahovn - r h .y r e P r ' V £ * ; , al
The máx i m u m numbc,r J tuV* oo** íder*d. .
c o m o v * * * • t \ 1 ' jtJJ'lrouidéd b V V bar». *<¡-
Th* ama of at**-> -
The at«*l ratto, A t p '* g -

BEARl<G SPtlCE U d j in. for piU a

Add 2 **• f or
T a b le a * h« £ or * * ' * *
 R í h n f o r c e m e n t 4.2.2, M á x i m u m number of bars permitted for colukm type

i [i AND SPLJCE TVPE ILLUSTRATED (1/2 INCH SPIRALS)

t
BAR S I ¿E DESfGNAT1ÜN
in.
Ag
v q . t n.
5 5 10 11 M 18

28 26 25 j 23 21 18
24
16 13 9
576 8.59 1 1. 43 1 5. 03 1 8 . 06 2 1 . 00 22. 80 24. 98 2 9 . 25 36.00
. 0149 . 0199 . 02 60 . 0313 .0364 . 039 5 « 0433 . 0508 0625
30 28 26 25 22 19
25 17 i 10
625 9. 20 12. 37 15.63 1 9. 63 | 14
22. 00 24.06 26.54 i 3 1. 50
. 0 1 47 . 0197 . 02 50 40.00
. 03 14 .0351 . 0385 . 0424 i . 0504 .0640
31 29 27 26 23 20
26 18 15 10
676 9.51 12.81 16. 23 20. 42 2 3.00 2 5 . 33 28. 10 33.75 40.00
, 0140 . 01 89 . 0240 . 0302 . 0340 . 0374 ; 04 15 . 0499 0592
33 31 29 27 24 21
27 729 19 15 n
1 0 . 12 13. 69 17.43 2 1 . 20 24. 00 26. 60 29.66 33.75 44.00
. 01 3 8 . 01 87 . 0239 . 0290 . 0328 . 0364 . 0406 . 04 63 .0604
34 32 30 25 22
28 784 20 16 n
10. 43 14. 13 18.03 21.99 25.00 27. 86 31* 22 36. 00 44.00
-0133 . 01 8 0 . 02 30 . 0280 . 0318 .0355 . 039 8 . 0459 .050)
36 33 31 30 26 23
29 841 21 17 12
11.04 14. 57 1 8. 64 2 3 . 56 2 6 . 00 2 9 . 13 32.79 38.25 4-8.00
.0131 . 0173 . 0 2 21 . 0280 -0308 . 03 46 . 03 89 ¡ . 04 55 0571
37 35 33 31 27 24
30 900 21 j 18 12
11. 35 15. 46 19. 84 24. 34 2 7 . 00 30. 40 32.79 ! 40.50 43.00
. 0126 . 0171 . 0220 . 0270 . 0299 . 03 37 0304 | . 0450 0533
38 36 34 32 28 25
31 22 13
961 1 1 . 65 15. 90 20.44 25. 13 2 8. 00 31.66 34. 35 40* 50 52.00
. 0121 . 0165 . 0 2 12 . 0261 . 02 91 . 0329 .0357 . 0421 .0541
40 38 35 33 29
32 26 23 19 U
1024 12.27 16. 78 21. 04 25. 91 29. 00 3 2. 9 3 35. 91 42. 75 .50.00
. 01 1 9 .0163 . 0205 . 0253 . 0283 . 0321 . 03 50 .0417 .0547
41 39 37 35 31 27 24 20 14
33 .1089 1 2, 57 17. 22 22. 24 27. 48 31.00 3 4 . 20 37.47 45.00
. 01 1 5 . 01 5 8 56.00
.0204 . 0 2 52 . 0284 . 03 14 t 03 44 . 04 13 .05 S4
43 40 38 36 32 28
34 25 21 15
1156 13.19 1 7. 67 2 2. 85 2 8. 27 32.00 35.46 39. 03 47.25 60.00
.0114 .0152 . 01 9 7 . 0244 . 02 76 . 0306 ♦033 7 .0408 .05)9
44 42 39 37 33
35 29 26 21 15
1225 13. 49 18. 55 23. 45 29. 05 33.00 36. 73 40. 59 47. 25 60.00
. 01 1 0 . 01 51 .0191 . 0237 . 0269 . 0299 * 0331 . 03 8 5 .0490
46 43 41 38 34 30
36 1296 14.11 27 22 16
18. 99 24. 65 29. 84 3 4. 00 3 8. 00 42.15 49. 50 64.00
. 01 0 8 . 0146 . 01 90 . 0230 . 0262 .0293 . 0325 . 03 82 .0494
47 45 42 40 35 31
37 28 23 16
1369 1 4. 41 19. 88 25. 25 3 1. 41 35.00 39. 26 4 3. 72 51.75 64.00
. 01 05 014 5 . 0184 . 02 29 . 02 55 . 0286 . 03 19 . 0 378 04é8

For &aah ba r o i z e and d i m e n s i ó n , thr&e va lúe s aro

shovn* They r e p r e s e n t , i n o r d e r :
The máximum number o f har a p e r m i t í ® d ; ctlearanae s
oo v&r a n d a p l i c e type a ontt ide rad ,
The avaa o f a 9 $ p r o v i d a d by M b a r e M in.
Th& * t a & i r a t i o » A§ t / A g .

BEARING SPLICE
Tablea oon&vder 1 %noh máximum aggregate. Ada 1 in. for piles
and formad columna exposad io weather or earth. Ada 2 in, for
oo lumne o:* piers formed againqt earth.
t e ,« ™ c a « T 1.5.1. te »*»' « « “ “
AND SPt-lCE TYPC ILlUSTRATED ( 1 /2 .nCH jm AL S

BAR SIZE peSiGNATlON

8 7
3.53 4. 20
0209 »0249

9 8
3.9? 4.81
0202 . 02 4 5

,«
4.41 s!«
.01S|6 . 0240

11 1 10
4 * S5 6.01
. 01 89 02 3 4

12 11
5. 30 6.61
.0183 . 0228

¡ 13 12
5. 7 4 7. 21
. 01 77 . 0222
L1 9
12
9 . 42 u.oo 11 • 40
. 0261 . 0304 . 0 31-

11 10 *
13
1 1. 00 12.66
10. 21
. 0255 . 0274 , 0316

14 12 11
112.00 13. 93
10. 99
. 0249 J . 0271 . 0315

15 U
i 13 13.93
1 1 . 78 \ 13.00
. 0243 .0268 . 0267

14 12
16
12. 56 14. 00 15.20
. 0237 . 0264 . 0237

--- ---- r ^ 7 7 c I 7 T n d d t * . » i í » n . thr„« valu«« ar.

for eaeh ¿ a r ava« • 0Td * r :
ehown. ?h*¡) ' * ^ ‘8/ ¿ a r . pírmi tt«d; ci.araño*.
The ma*i«u« nu«b«r o / k«» ^ M d .
í T -!
oopur and a p H « * D/.üií(d«d ty « bar», »<*• vn>
t The ar«a of A* t l*
£&— Thé¡ o t e * l v a t i o > Ae t /Ag ’
|JL
C1RCÜHFERENT1AL SPL1CE
&AA 1 i r f O'f p\t09
T a b lee c o n a i d » r -1 i noh ' « r í * • ¿«W 2 *«• / * '
amf f o r m e d columne * x p o i * 4 to c e a t M ?
°r P * - « £ÍBt,ieí *
 R e i n f g r c e k e n t 4.3-2 Má x i m u m n u m b s r o f b a r s p e r m i t t e d f o r c o l u k # m e .

AMD SPLICE TYPE ILLUSTRATED (1/2 IKCH SPIRALS)

«T »7-
!* 3AR Size DESIGNA!ION
tn. &q. tn.
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
22 20 18 17 15
24 13 n
576 6. 74 8. 83 10. 82 13. 35 15. 00 16. 46 17. 17
. 01 17 .0153 . 0 1 87 . 02 31 . 0260 . 02 85 * 0298
23 21 19 17 15
25 13 12
625 7.05 9.27 11. 42 13. 35 15.00 16. 46 18. 73
.0112 .0148 .0182 . 02 13 . 02 39 . 0263 • 02 99
24 22 20 18 16
26 14 13
676 7. 36 9.71 12. 02 1 4. 13 16, 00 17.73 20.29
.0108 .0143 .0177 . 0209 . 0236 . 0262 . 0300
25 23 21 19 17
27 15 13
729 7.66 10.16 12. 62 .14.92 17. 00 19.00 2 0 . 29
. 01 05 . 0139 .0173 . 0204 . 0233 . 0260 . 0278
26 24 22 20 18
23 16 14
784 7.97 10.60 13. 22 15. 70 18. 00 20. 26 21. 86
. 0 1 01 . 0135 . 01 68 . 0200 . 0229 . 02 58 . 0278
27 25 23 21 18
29 841 16 15
8.28 11. 04 13. 83 16. 49 1 8 . 00 |2 0 . 2 6 23. 42
.0098 . 0131 . 01 6 4 . 10 96 . 02 13 . 0241 . 02 78
28 26 24 22 19 17
30 900 8.59 11.48 14. 43 17. 27
15
19 . 00 21. 53 23. 4 2
.0095 .0127 . 01 6 0 . 01 91 . 0210 ►0239 . 02 60
30 27 25 23 20 18 36
31 961 9. 20 1 1. 92 15. 03 18.06 20.00 22. 80 24i. 98
. 0095 . 0124 .0156 . 0 1 87 .0207 -0237 . 0259
31 28 26 24 21
32 1024 18 16
9.51 12. 37 15. 63 18. 84 21.00 22.80 24. 98
.009 2 .0120 . 0152 . 01 84 . 0204 -0222 . C2 4 3
32 29 27 25
33 22 19 17
1089 9.81 12. SI 16. 23 19*63 22. 00 24.06 26.54
. 0090 . 0117 . 01 4 9 . 01 80 . 0201 . 0221 . 0243
33 30 28 26 22 20 18
34 1156 10.12 1 3. 25 16. 83 20. 42 22. 00 25, 33
.0087 2 1 . 10
. 0 1 14 .0145 .0176 . 0190 . 0219 . 02 43
34 31 29 26 23
35 1225 21 18
10. 43 13.69 17. 43 2 0. 42 23. 00 26.60 28.10
.0085 .0111 . 01 42 . 01 6 6 . 0187 . 0 2 17 , 0 299
35 32 30 27 24
36 1296 21 19
10.73 14. 13 18. 03 21. 20 24.00 26. 60 2 S. 6 6
. 0082 , 0109 . 01 39 . 01 63 . 01 85 . 0205 . 0228
36 33 31 28 25
37 22 20
1369 11.04 14. 57 1 8. 64 21.99 2 5, 00 27. 86 31 . 22
. 0080 . 01 0 6 . 01 3 6 .0160 . 01 82 . 0203 . 02 28

¿ o r eaeh b a r m s e a nd dimún¿siont th r$e va lú e s ara

BhoütU' They r e p r e $ e n t , in o r d a r ;
The máximum number o f b a r b p e r m i t t e d i o luterana*t
a o v a r an d s p l i c e typs o o n s i d & r e d ,
The a r e a o f A9 t p r o v i d & d by Sí b a r * , §q. i n .
The 9 t * a l v a t i o $ A $ t / A g .

C1RCUMFERENTIAL SPLICE
Tablee oonatder 1 tnch máximum aggregate. Add 1 in. for vil&a
and formad oolwnns exposad to weather or earth . Add 2 in for
oolxmne or ptero formed againet earth.
 MPNT 5 1 1* IAaXIMUM N ü HB&R OF BARS PE RHnTED f o r cqlumn T?
te, W oSc « « T 5.1. ^ ^

BAR S U € DESlGNAjnON

2.14
0225

12 10 7 , 00
3.68 4. 41 0454
0239 0286

13 12 8. 86
3.98 5. 30 0501
0225 .0300

14 13
4.29 5.74
. 02 13 ,0265

16 15 13 11.40
| 6.62 7.81 . 050 2
4.90
0344

15 12.49
9.01 .0490
0354

17
7.51
0264
14
20 19 1 4 . 00
6. 13 8. 39 . 0445
0195 ,0267

22 20
6.74 8. 83
. 0 1 94 .0255
12
16 18. 73
23 21 1 6 . 00
. 04 92
7.05 . 0420
0185
17
21 17.00
12.62
.0408
.0303

1 i ....1------- * ..... , ya &***

for^aaah bar ai*- and
7h< " lio4 twp« ooníidorad. .
f J ’P
, *V * b<UP* ‘ e<-
ffc« araa o / "
fha atsel ratio,

RADIAL SPtICE xdd ! i». f<J? P * ‘

«*
1 ínch « a x i » * » a g g r e g a te. *» dá ¿ ist. /#,
T a b l e e o o n t i d e r 1 t-n , tg a e a t h a r or e a i t h .
and f o r * e d eli againet e a rth .
a o l u n n í o r p t a r a f o r » . ea
 tólNFGRCEMENT 5,1.2. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF 3ARS fERMITTEO F08 COL«:W
____ AHD SPLICE TYPE ILLUSTRATED (1/2 tÜOi SPIRA
D ” g BAR S1Z£ DESIGNA! ION
in aq. i n .
6 7 8 9 10 11
26 24 22 21
24 452 18 16 14
7.97 10. 60 1 3. 22 16. 49 18. 00 2 0 . 26 21. 86
.0176 . 0234 . 02 92 .0364 . 03 97 . 04 48 .0483
28 26 24 22
25 49 1 8. 59 19 17 14
11. 48 14.43 1 7. 27 19. 00
.0174 2 1 . 53 21.86
.0234 . 0293 . 03 5 2 . 0386 .0438 . 0445
29 27 25 23
26 531 20 17 15
8. 89 11. 92 15. 03 18. 06 20. 00 21.53 23.42
.0167 . 02 24 . 0283 . 0 3 40 .0376 . 0405 . 0441
31 28
27 573 9 . 51
26 25 21 18 16
12. 37 15. 63
.0166
19.63 21.00 22. 80 24. 98
«0216 . 0273 . 0 3 42 . 03 66 .039 9 . 0436
32 3Q 28 26
28 616 22 19 17
9.81 13.25 1 6. 83 20. 42 22. 00 24.06 26. 54
.0159 .0215 .0273 . 03 31 . 035 7 . 0390 . 04 3 1
34 31 29 21
29 661 24 20 18
10.43 13. 69 1 7 . 43 21. 20 24. 00 25.33 28.10
.0157 . 0207 . 0 2 64 . 03 21 .0363 . 0383 . 0425
35 33 30 28
30 707 25 21 19
1 0. 73 14. 57 18. 03 21.99
. 01 51
25.00 2 6. 60 29.66
. 0206 . 025 5 .0311 .035 3 . 0376 .0419
37 34 32 30
31 755 26 22 20
11.35 15.02 19.24 23. 56 26. 00 27. 86 31. 22
.0150 .0199 . 0254 . 03 1 2 * 03 44 . 036 9 . 0413
38 35 33 31
32 804 11.65 27 23 21
15. 46 19. 84 24. 34 27.00
.0144 .0192
29.13 32. 79
. 02 4 6 . 03 02 . 0335 . 0362 .0407
40 37 34 32
33 855 28 24 22
12.27 16. 34 20. 44 2 5 . 13 28.00 3 0. 40 34. 35
. 0143 . 01 91 . 0239 .0293 . 0327 . 0355 . 0401
41 38 36 33
34 908 29 25 22
1 2 . 57 1 6 . 78 21. 64 2 5. 91 29. 00 31.66 34. 35
.0138 .0 184 . 0238 . 0285 .0319 . 0 3 48 .0370
43 40 37
35 35 30 26 23
9 62 13.19 17.67 22. 24 27. 48 30.00 32.93 3 5 . 91
. 0137 . 0183 .0231 .0285 . 03 11 . 03 42 .0373
44 41 38 36
36 1018 31 27 24
1 3 . 49 1 8 . ÍH 2 2. 85 28. 27 31.00 34.20 37. 47
.0 132 .0177 . 0224 .0277 . 0304 .0336 ►0368
46 4,2 40 37
37 075 14.11 32 28 25
IB. 55 24. 05 29.05 32.00
.0131 35. 46 39. 03
r 0172 .0223 * 0270 . 02 97 . 0329 .0363

flam¡>.4^üiktjnss4m>üi«atrmuí
■
-- **** una a m a n e ion,,, thr&e tfciíiuts
ñhown. Th*y repreeent, in ordar:
The máximum number o f b a rs p e r m i t t e d ; ot ea ra
oo v e r a n d e p l i a e type o o n & i d a r e d .
n .* a r e a o f e t , « l . A , s p r o v i d e d by H b a r , , *
The t>í«í I v a t i o ,

AD1AL SPLICE
Tablee oonatder J m c h m á x i m u m aggregate. A d d I in. foi
a n d f o i m e d c o l u m n a e x p o e e d to tíeather or earth. Add 2 1
o o l u m n s or p i e r e f o r m e d a g a i n e t earth.
 R e í n f o r c e m e n t 5,2,1. M á x i m u m k u m b e r of b a r s p e r m i t t e d f o r c o l ü m n t y p e
AND S P Ü C E TYPE 1LLUSTRATED (1/2 lUCh SPiRALS)
D n g BAR S1ZE DESIGHAT1QN
in. &q. i n . 10 11 M *18
7

7 7 6 fe
10 79 2. 14 3.09 3.60 4.71
,027 3 039 3 \0459 . 0600

9 8 8 7 6
11 95 2.7 5 3. 53 4.81 5, 49 6.00
. 0293 . 03 71 .0506 . 0 5 78 . 0630

10 10 9 8 7 6
12 113 3.05 4. 4 1 5.41 6. 28 7.00 I 7.6 0
. 02 71 0390 0478 .0555 0618 . 0672

12 11 10 10 7 6
3.68 4.85 6.01 7. 85 8. 00 8 . 86 9.36
13 133
. 02 77 0 366 0453 . 0 5 91 ♦0602 0 66 6 . 07 05

12 12 11 9 3 7
13
3.98 5. 30 7.21 8.63 9.00 10.13 1 0 . 93
14 154
. 02 59 0344 . 0468 .0561 . 0 584 * 0710

14 13 12 10 9 8 6
15
7. 81 9.42 10. 00 11.40 12. 49 1 3 . 50
15 177 4. 6 6. 18
. 0442 . 05 3 3 . 0 5 65 .0645 . 0706 . 07 64
. 02 6 0 0350

14 13 12 10 9 7
16 15
1 2 . 00 12.66 1 4. 05 1 5 . 75
16 201 4. 90 6.62 8. 41 10. 2 X
. 0630 . 06 9 8 .07^3
.0244 0329 . O 41 B . 0507 . 059b

16 15 13 11 10 8
18 17
9.62 1 1. 78 13.00 13. 93 15.61 1S.GG
17 227 5- 52 7.51
0330 . 0423 .0519 . 0572 .0613 . 0687 . 0793
. 02 '3

18 17 í6 14 12 11 9
19
7.95 10. 22 12. 56 1 4 . 00 15.23 17-17 20 . 25
18 254 5. 82
. 04 0 1 . 0493 .0549 . 0597 . 0674 .0796
.0229 . 0312

21 19 18 17 15 13 12 j
8. 39 10. 82 13. 35 ; 15.045 16.46 1 8 . 73 ][l 2 0 9
. 25
19 284 6. 44
.0381 , 0470 . 0528 , 0580 . 0660 . 0714
. 02 27 . 0296

18 16 14 13 10 ó
22 21 20
12-02 14.13 16. 00 17.73 20.29 22. 50 24.00
20 314 6, 74 9. 27
. 0450 . 0508 . 0564 . 0646 .0716 m u
.0214 . 02 9 5 . 0382

17 15 13 11 é
24 22 21 20
12*62 1 5. 70 17. 00 19. 00 20.29 24.75 M M
21 346 7. 36 9.71
. 04 90 . 0548 .0586 . 0714 m n
. 02 1 2 . 0280 . 0364 . 0453

25 24 22 21 18 16 14 12 7
18.00 20. 26 21. 86 2 7 . 00 2S.00
22 380 7.66 10.60 13. 22 1 6 . 49
. 0473 . 0533 .0575 . 0710 .073?
.0201 . 0278 . 0348 . 04 33

22 19 17 15 12 3
25 23
1 7 . 27 19.00 21. 53 2 3 . 42 27. 00 32.00
11. 04 1 3. 83
. 0518 .0561 . 06 50 .0770
. 0265 .0332 .0415 . 04 56

For caah b ar * i z e and d i m e n s i ó n , t h r e * v a l ú e s <¡*e

eh&tfn, Thé$ repr et ie nt , in o r d a r :
rka máximum nimbar o f b a r * p a r w i t t v d ; ctlmrctnc*»
an d * p U e « typ* Q o n & i d ó r & d .
fk€ a r ca o f $ t a a í 4 A & t d#d by I btt m , « q.
0
Tha ú t €¿ r a t i o ,,

T a b le e consi dar 1. i n e h maxiaum aggt*gata. Add 1 in. for piles

and fo r m & d c o l u m n a a x p o & e d te w &a th siT o r earth. Aad Z Jor
o c lu m n t t o t p i e r & f a r m e d a g a i n s t &a x*th.

m
 Reinfqrcehemt 5 . 2 Í 2 .
Máximum number qf bars perm| tted for collkn type

AKDJPL1CE TYPE ILLUSTRATED ( 1/ 2 1KCH SPIRALS)

£ A j L i iZ£ DESIGNA!ION

•Si 10 11 M
23 21 18 16 13 9
18.06 21.00 22. 80
. 0399
24.96 29 . 25 3*ó.0O
. 0463 *0504 . 055 ,0646 .0796
25 22 19 17 14
1 9. 63 22, 00 24 . 06 9
2 6. 54 31.50
» 0 400 .0447 . 0490 36.00
. 0540 ,0642 .0724
26 23 20 18 15
2 0 . 42 23. 00 25. 33 10
28. 10 33.75
. 0384 * 0432 . 04 77 40.00
.0529 . 0636 .0754
29 27 24 21 19
17. 43 2 1 . 20 24 . 00 15 11
26 , 60 29. 66
.0304 . 0370 .0418
33.75 44.00
. 0464 -0518 . 0589 ..0769
30 28 25 22 20 16
18. 03 21. 99 25. 00 n
2 7 . 86 31 . 22 36. 00
.0292 . 0 3 57 .0405 44.0Q
*0452 . 0507 . 0584 .07 i 5
31 30 26
18. 64 21 17
23. 56 26. 00 29. 13
12
.0282 . 0356 32. 79 3 8 . 25 4S.QQ
. 0393 . 04 41 . 0496 . 0579 .0727
33 31 27 24 21 18
1 9 . 84 24. 34 2 7. 00 12
30. 40 32. 79 40. 50
.0280 . 0344 * 0381 48.00
. 0430 . 0463 . 0573 .0679
34 32 25 22 1.8
20. 44 2 5. 13 28, 00 13
. 0270 3 1 . 66 34. 35 40. 50
. 0332 . 0370 . 0419 52.00
. 0455 . 0536 ,Gó®9
35 33 29 26 23
21. 04 25. 91 25.00
19 U
-0261 32. 93 35.91 42.75
.0322 . 0360 . 0409 56.00
. 0446 . 0531 .c*m
35 31 27 24 20
2 7. 48 31.00 M
3 4. 20 3 7. 47 45.00
. 0321 . 0362 . 0399 56.00
. 0438 . 05 26 DÓ55
36 32 28 25 . 21
28.27 32.00 35. 46 15
39 . 03 47. 25
. 03 1 1 . 03 52 . 03 9 0 óü.,00
. 04 29 . 0520 .0661
37 33 29 26 21
2 9. 05 3 3. 00 36. 73 15
40 ♦59 47.25
. 03 02 . 03 42 . 0381 60.00
. 0 4 21 .0491 .0624
38 34 30 27 22
29. 84 34. 00 16
3 8. 00 4 2. 15 49.50 *
.0293 . 0333 . 0373 64.00
.0414 . 0486 .0629
40 35 31 28 23
31*41 3 5. 00 39.26 16
43. 72 51.75
0292 . 0325 .0365 64.00
. 0406 • 0481 .■0595

vhovn. The» r e p r e o t n t , in a r d e r :
Th« number o f b a r « p « r , , i t t » d ¡ eUarano,
a o v & r a n d s p l i e e type ctontidervd, *

Tkt T t i y í a n l ‘\ A
t 'A e F r O O Íd ‘ d ^ ÍJ
BEARIWG SPLICE

*** * i *■ f o r pitee
 Re i b f o r ^ ewt 5 . 3 . 1 . Máximum kumber of bars permi tted for colümh type
AND SPLICE TYPE ILLUSTRATED ( 1 /2 IHC.H SPIRALS)

BAR SIZE DESI6KATÍOH

D L ------
i n. 8.q. in. 10 11

6
10 79 1 i 84
. 0Í34

7 € .
11 95 2.14 2.65
. 0225 , 0278

8 7 b 6
113 2. 45 3. 09 3. 60 4. 71
12
. 021? . 02 73 0319 ,0416

7 1 : 6
9
3. 5 3 4. 20 5. 49 6. JO
13 133 2.76
. 0208 . 02 6 6 0317 . 0414 0451

e. í
10 9! ' 8
4.81 6,28 7. 00 7.60
154 3.06 3.9 7
„ j .0408 . 0454 .049 3
. 01 99 ,Ü2¡58 .0312

' tí;; ■7 6 6
U 10 9
6 . 28 7. 00 7.60 9. 36
177 3.37 4.41 5.41
15 0395 . 0430 . 0530
. 0 1 9 0 S . 0 2 SO .0306 . 0 355
8 i 6
12 U 10 9Í
7.06 8 .00 8.86 9 . 36
20 31 1.68 ¡ 4 * as 6.01
16 .04 41 . 0 46 &
.0183 .0241 . 02 99 ,0351 cm

U 10 9 8
14 12 10.93
6.61 7.85 9 . 00 1 0. 13
17 227 4.29 5. 30
.0346 . 03 96 . 0446 . 0481
.0189 .0233 . 0291

13 12 I U 10
15 1 0 . 13 12. 49
S.74 7.21 8.63 10.10
18 254 4. 60 . 0490
.0225 028 3 i . 03 39 . U39 2 . 0398
„ 0180

14 13 12 U 9
16 12. 49
6.18 7. SI 9.4 2 1:1.00 | 11.40
19 284 4. 90 . 0440
, 0275 . 0332 .0387 . 04 C2
. 0 1 73 . 02 1 8

13 ■11 10 9
17 15 14
10. 21 11.00 12.66 1 4 . 05
20 314 5. 21 6. 62 8.41 . 0447
. 0267 . 0325 . 0349 . 0403
. 01 66 . 0 2 10

H 9
18 17 15 114
1 2. 00 13. 93 14.05
3 46 5. 5 2 7. 51 9.01 j 10-99
21 .03 46 . 04 02 , 0405
. 0159 .0216 . 02 6 0 1 . 0317

15 13 11 10
19 18 16
11. 78 13. 00 1 3 . 93 15.61
380 5.32 7.95 9.62
22 . 03 41 .0 366 . 0410
. 01 5 3 . 02 09 .0253 ,0 309

16 14 1? 11
20 19 17
1 2 . 56 14 . 00 15. 20 17 . 17
415 6.13 8. 39 10. 22
23 . 0336 .0365 . 0413
. 0147 . 0202 .0246 .0302
J
*«; ,í.«r«d *hW

Thé a t é é ' l r a z i o , A* s t //Á

A g'

C1RCUH5ERENTIAL SPLICE
T a b le a e o n a i d e r 2 inch. máximum a g g r & g a t u . Auá 1 i n . 3 P
a n d f or m a d col u, »» * e x p 0 >e¿ to j e a t h e r or e a r t h . Ad d 2 « * . Jo.
e o l i w n * or p i e r s formé d agcixn&t e a r t h .
 Re i h f o r c e m e n t 5.5,2. Kaximum nukjjer of baks permitted for colukm type
AND SFL1CE TYPE 1LLUSTRATED (1/2 1HCH SP!RALS)

0 A* BAR SIZE DESJGMAT10N

in. sq.in.
h r: *t 6 7 8 9 10 11

22 20 18 17 15 13 11
24 452 6'. 14 3* 83 10. 82 13. 35 15.00 16.46 17.17
.0149 .0195 . 0239 . 02 9 5 . 0331 .0364 .0379

23 21 19 17 15 13 12
25 491 7.05 9.27 11. 4? 13. 35 1 5. 00 16. 46 1 6. 73
.0143 . 0189 . 02 3 2 . 02 7 2 . 030 5 . 0335 . 0381

24 22 20 18 16 14 13
» i 531 7.36 9.71 12.02 14. 13 16. 00 17.73 20. 29
. 0138 . 0183 . 02 2 6 . 02 6 6 ¡ . 0301 . 033 4 . 03H2

25 23 21 19 11 15 13
27 57 3 7.66 1 0. 16 12.62 14.92 17. 00 19. 00 20. 29
. 0133 .0117 .0220 . 02 6 0 , . 02 96 . 0331 . 0354

26 24 22 20 18 16 14
28 616 7.97 10. 60 1 3. 22 1 5. 70 18.00 2 0 . 26 21. 86
. 01 2 9 . 0172 .0214 . 0255 . 0 2 92 . 03 29 .0355

27 25 23 21 18 16 15
29 661 8. 28 11. 04 13. 83 1 6. 49 1 8. 00 20.26 23.42 !
.0125 . 01 6 7 .0209 . 02 4 9 . 0272 .0306 . 0354

28 26 24 22 19 17 15
30 707 8. 59 11. 48 1 4 . 43 17. 27 19.00 21.5 3 23.42
.0121 . 0162 . 02 04 . 0244 . 0268 . 0304 . 0331

30 27 25 23 70 18 16
31 755 9. 20 11.92 1 5 . 03 18. 06 20.00 2 2. 80 24. 98
.0121 .0158 . 0199 .0239 .0264 .0302 .0331

31 28 26 24 21 18 16
32 804 9.51 12. 37 15. 63 18. 84 2 1. 00 22. SO 24.98
. 01 18 . 0153 .0194 . 02 34 . 0260 .0203 . 0310

32 29 27 25 22 19 F
33 855 9.81 12.01 16. 23 19.63 22. 00 24. 06 26. 54
. 0 1 14 . 0149 .0189 . 02 2 9 . 02 57 .0201 .0310

33 30 28 26 22 20 18
34 908 10. 12 13.25 16. 83 20. 42 22. 00 2 5. 33 2 8. 10
.0111 . 01 4 5 .0185 . 0224 * 02 42 . 02 19 . 03 09

34 3.1 29 26 23 21 18
35 962 10.43 13.69 17. 43 2 0. 42 23.00 26.60 28.10
.0108 . 0142 .0181 .0212 . 0238 . 02 76 . 02 9 2

35 32 30 27 24 21 19
36 1018 10. 73 14.13 18.03 21.20 24.00 26. 60 29. 66
.0105 ►0138 . 01 77 . 0208 . 02 35 . 0261 . 02 91

36 33 31 28 25 22 20
37 1075 11.04 14. 57 18.64 2 1 . 99 2 5 . 00 27. 86 31.22
. 01 0 2 ,0135 .0173 . 02 04 .0232 . 0259 . 0290

For each b a r vsiste and dimvneion, three valué & are

ehown. Th&y representa in arder:
The máximum nuxtber o f haré p & r m i t t e d ; a l a a r a n e e ,
cov e r a nd a p l i c a type c o n s i d e r a d .
The a r e a o f u t e e l , A®t p r o v i d e d by I . bai°&, #q. i n .
The g t e e l r a t i o , A$í-/A^.

C11SCUMFERENTlAL SPL1CE

Table 9
constider 1 i n c h máximum a g g r e g a t e . Add J i n , f o r p i l e s
and f o r m e d columna e x p o s e d to w e a t h e r or e a r t h . Ad d 2 i n . f o r
columna or p i e r e f o r m e d a g a i n s t e a r t h .
 RE INFORCEHENT S.

M i n i m u h : S j p u c e l e n g t h L s . tijcH ts

R ef.: 805 &C1-318-63 _ A s £y

Ls
374 u u ¿O

500 0 _ 6000 i.._.

^ ff i 4000
a y
3 0 0 Q..L
Ténsioni Comp. i Tensión TompT T e ñ s T o ñ T t'.aiñp.
T e n s i ó n f Comp.
Bar #
fy { 14.4 12.0 14. 4 12.0
12.0 ¿4.4 12.0
4 40 14. 4
18.0 12.0 18.0 12. 0
12.0 18.6 ll24 0
50 18.0 1 2 .0 21.6 12.0
12. 0 21.6 12.0 21.6
60 21.6
12.5 13.1 12.5
18. 1 12.5 18,1
12. 5
5 40 18. 1
12.5 22.6 12. 5 2 2 ,6 12.5 2J.6 12.5
50 2 2.6 27.1 15.0 27.1 15.0
15.,0 27 .1 15.0
60 27. 1
15.0 21.6 15. 0
21.6 15.0 21. 6
40 21.6 15.0 27.0 15. 0
6 15.0 27. 0 15.0
27.0 15. 0 27.0 18.0
50 32.4 18.0 32.4
18.0 32.4 18.0
60 32. 4
25.2 17.5 25. 2 17.5
17.5 25,2 17. 5
40 25. 2 17. 5 31.4 17.5
1 7 17.5 31*4 17.5 31. 4
50 31.4 21.0 37.8 21-0
37*8 21.0 37 . 8
60 37 . 8 21 í 0
20.0 28.8 20. 0
30. 8 20.0 28.8 2 0 .0 28. 8
20.0
1 8 40 36.0 20.0 36-0
38. 7 20.0 36.0 20.0 24.0
50 43.2 24.0 43-2
24.0 43.2 24 . 0
60 46. 2
22 . 6 32.5 22.6
2 2 .6 33.8 2 2 .6 32. 5
22.6
40 1 39.0 40. 6 22 . 6 40.6
1 9 50 1 48. 8 22.6 42. 2 22.6
27.1 43.7 27. 1
50.7 27. 1 48.7
60 58. 7 27.1
38.4 25.4 36.6 25. 4
49.6 25. 4 43.0 25 25.4
J 10 40 4 B. 0 25. 4 45.7
62. 0 25.4 53. 7 25
50 57.7 30. 5 54.9 30 . 5
74.6 30. 5 64. 5 30
60
28.2 43.2 28.2
53.0 28 ■2 47-3
40 61. 0 28.2 28.2 54.0 28.2
11 28. 2 59.1
50 76. 4 28.2 66. 1 64.9 33.e
33.8
60 90.4 33.8 79 .4 i 33.8 70. 4

in ripnflont inareaae for

Notes:
S otes: For
F or tensi ón sy l i o e e tke va i u*a> e noJn t n c , < - tha‘n i 2 bar d ia me t e r e ,
. lie es
c o n t a d ap ^ spacea
m n s%& n tHatera^rj
T & J1ÜL i* u ic
** luooy*■
r* * t#
(a . ■
» 6 átameters
(b.
contact e p h s e s located c,.os«r -•
and
outeidi
edge as p r evided in Cade S e a t ion 30 b b) .
. from
 R e in fo rce m e n t 7. Are a of steel for g iv en number of bars or variou s sizts
-JO
m
No. OF BAR SÍZE DESIG NA !ION
BARS
U T 8 10 1J )M 18
1 .20 . 31 .4 4 .6 0 . 79 1 .0 0 1. 27 1. 56 2. 25 4 . 00
2 . 40 . 62 .88 1. 20 1.5 7 2. 00 2.5 4 3 .1 2 4. 50 8.00
3 .60 .9 3 1 .3 2 1. 80 2. 36 3 .0 0 3 ,8 1 4 .6 8 6. 7 3 I 2. 00
4 . 80 1.2 4 1. 76 2.40 3 .1 4 4 .0 0 5.0 8 6 - 24 4 -
4H) } fe. M

5 1* 00 1. 55 2.20 3.0 0 3.93 5 .0 0 6 .3 5 7 . 80 1I5 20. 00

AREA
6 1 . 20 1 . 86 2 .6 4 3.60 4 .71 6 .0 0 7 .6 2 9 . 30 !3. ü 24:^0 0
1 /% A \
7 1 *4 0 2.1 7 3 , 08 4 . 20 5 .5 0 7 .0 0 8.8 9 i u - } f, . 7 5 2iC 0 o

Qf
8 1.60 2. 48 3 .5 2 4 . fiO- 6. 28 8 .0 0 1 0 .1 6 12.AU 18. 00 32. 0 0
9 1 . 80 2. 79 3.96 5. 40 7.07 9. 00 11. 43 14 , 0 4 20. 2 5 3 :6 . " 0 0

S TEEL
10 2.00 3.10 4.4 0 6.00 7. 85 10. 00 1 2. 70 15.6 0 22. 50 40 . 00

11 2 . 20 3.41 84 6. 60 8 .6 4 11. 00 13. 97 17.1 6 24 i 75 44 .0 0

FOR
12 2. 40 3 .7 2 28 7. 20 9.4 2 1 2 .0 0 1 5 .2 4 1 8. 7 2 2 7, 0 0 4 8 . 00
13 2. 60 4. 03 72 7. 80 10.21 1 3. 00 1 6 . 51 20. 28 29, 25 52 ,0 0
56 .0 0

GiVEN
14 2 . 80 4. 34 16 8. 40 11.00 14. 00 1 7 . 78 21. 84 3 1 .5 0
15 3.00 4.6 5 60 9.0 0 11.7 8 1 5 ,0 0 1 9 .0 5 23 ,4 0 3 3 I 75 6 . 0. 0 0

7 . 04 9. 60 12. 57 16. 00 20. 32 24 .9 6 36. 00 64 .0 0

NUMBER
16 3 . 20 4.96
17 3. 40 5. 27 7 .48 1 0 . 20 13. 35 1 7 . 00 21 . 59 26 . 52 3 8 .2 5 6 8 .0 0
18 3 -6 0 5. 58 7.9 2 10. 80 14.14 18. 00 22 . 86 28.0 8 40. 50 72 .0 0
19 3. 80 5. 89 8. 36 11. 40 1 4 .9 2 1 9 .0 0 24. 13 29 . 64 42- 75 76 . 00
20 4 . 00 6 . 20 8. 80 12.00 15 .7 1 20. 00 2 5 .4 0 31 . 20 45 . 00 80. 00

OF
21 6. 51 9. 24 12 .6 0 16. 49 21. 00 26. 67 32. 76 47. 25 8 4.00

BARS
4.20
22 4. 40 6. 82 9.68 1 3 . 20 17.28 2 2 .0 0 27-94 34. 32 49 .50 m . o o
23 4.6 0 7.1 3 1 0 . 12 1 3 . 80 18.06 23. 00 29 . 21 35, £8- 5 1.75 9 2,0 0
24, 00 30. 48 37. 44 54.00 96 .0 0

OF
24 4. 80 7. 44 10 .5 6 14 ,4 0 18. 85
i nn r% -
25 5. 00 7. 75 11.00 15. 00 19 .6 4 25. 00 31 .7 5 3 9 .0 0 56 . 25 JLÜV , VÜ

VARIOUS
26 5. 20 8 *0 6 11- 44 15.6 0 2 0.42 26. 00 33. 02 4 0 . 56 58* 50 10 4 .0 0
27 5- 40 8. 37 11 . 88 16 . 20 21*21 27. 00 34 . 29 42. 12 60.7 5 108.00
28 5. 6 0 8 .6 8 1 2. 32 16. 80 21 .9 9 28. 00 35. 56 4 3 ,6 8 63*00 112.00
5. 80 1 2 , 76 17. 40 22 .7 8 29- 00 36 . 83 45 .2 4 65 * 25 116-00

SIZES
29 8. 99
30 6 *0 0 9. 30 1 3 . 20 18*00 23.56 30. 00 3 8 . 10 46. 80 67,50 1 2 0 . 00
 ic 11 .un (15-2) aci 313-63,
EQUATíONS >15-1) AND U ____________ ____ ____
FACTORS 1.1. S0LUT10H OF
load
t\VE * VÜND LOAD (L + w)
LlVE LOAD (l.) OR
\ 30
trs
EAD 60 1 7°
50
20 30
iO
l.OAD 103 l 126 \ 144
125
■38 ! 100
75 1

12 3 | 141
87 sa 1 100
6i 210
10 13 8 1 156 150
105
LOO I 113
20 1 5 3 1i ^ 7 l
113 i } 25
45
30 16 3 186
96 12 3 \ 13 8
255
4C 1 183 1 201 188
^38 1 ISO
25;2 2T0
50 188 200
90 10 8
249 2 6(7
75 j
% 60 1 ,168 2Q0
123 141
105 1 300
100 1 113 l
RcC ir
70 1| 88 245 225
17 4 1 192 188
3 1 156 1
120 l 138 1 ljSp
,113 l 1 25
9 80 1 100 261
i ^5 1 ¡ 207 200
cS m J 181)
16?
i 135 1 ! 153 i 38 150 1 3t2 330 i
125 294
1 90 \l 113 258 276 2^8 250
204 i 222 213 225 I
168 186 200 I
i 150
150 163 1 175
462 1 480 i
138 4 26 1 44 4 1 375
100 1 I2S 408 36 3
318 350
318 336 325
1 300 275 612 630
2 63 576 1 59 4
1 200 i 250 558 488 1 500
540 46 3 475
l 4 86 438 450
468
1 450 388 \ 400 7 44 762 780
I 300 1 375
690
726 ] 613 625
588 1 600
600 563
912 9 30
500 876 1 894 750
400 840 738
804 713 | 72 5
768 786 688
750 1 663 1080]
638 1 650 1 10 4 4 1062
625 i 1026 875 |
8 50 863
954 972 6 38
900 1 918 | 800
788 1212 1230
I 763
75°
1140 988 1000
1086 1104 938
1050 1 1 068 1380
900 913 1362
875 888 1326 1344
1290 1308 1113 1 125 1
1254 1272 1088 1100
1218 1236 1063 1075
1200 1 038 1050 1530 I
1025 11494 1512
1000 \ 1013
1458 1476
1238 1250
1422 1440 1 225
1404 1200 1213
I 1368 1 386 1188
1350 1175 16 80 !
1125 l 1138 1150 1163
1590 1608 1626 i 1644 1662
1363 1375
1554 1572 1338 1
1536 1313 1325
1500 1 1518 1288 1300
1 1263 1275
1250

FoT 0fef tíVloiutio n for V - *■

valu» P1'ovtdefn¡, u « 1.2SÍD + l + tí>-
the eolution for
 2 » K m , 1.2. AC1 5 J 8 . 6 3
DEAD UVE LOAD (L) OR UVE* f W!NB LOjUJ i(
LOAD 100 200 ioc 400 500 600 700 300 900 1000
0 130 1 360 540
0 720 900 1080
125 2.50 375 1260 1440 1620 1800
500 625 750 é?s 1000 1125 12S(J
15 . 195 375
fo 13
$55 1735 915 1095 , 75
138 263 338 1-ISS 1635
513 638 763 1815
1013 1138 1263
30 210 390 570 •>50 9 30
20 25 150 275 ido 1290 1470 1650
400 525 650 1830
775 900 1025
4s 1150 1275
225 405 *765
30 3a SÚ 945 1125 1305'
| 163 288 a? 538 1485 1665 1845
663 788 913 1C 38 1163 1263
60 240 420 600 ^780
40 50 175 960 1140 1320
300 42$ 550 1500 1680 1860
675 800 925 1050 1175 1300
7$ 255 435 615 795 975
50 63 188 313 1155 1335 1515
438 563 688 169S 1873
813 93 8 1063 1180
90 1313
270 450 630 810 990
60 75 1170 1350 1530
200 325 450 575 700 1710 1890
825 950 1075 1200 1325
IOS 285 465 645
70 88 «25 1005 1185
213 338 463 588
1365 1545 1725 1905
713 038 963
(D)

1018 1213 13 38
120 300 490 660
80 100 840 1020 1200
225 350 473 1 3 00 15-50 1740 1920
600 725 850 $75 11)0 1225
LOAD

1350
135 315 495 675
90 855 1035 1215
113 238 363 488 1395 1575 17 55
613 738 1935
863 sao 1113
D£AD

1238 1363
150 330 510 690 870 1050
loo 125 250 3 73 1230 1410 1550
500 62$ 750 1770 1950
875 1000 1115 1250
300 1375
480 660 040
200 250 375
10 2 0 1200 1380 1560 m o
500 625 750 875 1920 2100
1000 1125 125 0 m s 1500
4 50 630 810 990
300 375 500
11 70 1350 1530 1710
625 750 1890 2070 2250
8 75 1000 1125 1250 1375 1500 1625
600 780 960 1140
4 00 500 625
1320 1500 1680 1860
1U 675 1000 2040 2220 2400
1125 1250 1375 1500 1625 1750
750 930 1110
$00 1290 1470 1650 1830
625 750 375 100 0 2010 2190 2370 2550
1125 1250 1375 1500 1C2S 1750 1873
toé 1080 1260 1440 1620
600 750 1800 1980 2160
875 1000 1125 12S0 2340 2520 2700
1375 1500 1625 175.) 1075 2000
1050 1230 1410 m o 1770 1950
700 87$ 1000 U25 2130 2310 2493
1250 1375 1500 2670 3850
1625 17 50 1075 2000
1200 1 38 0 1560 1740 1920
2125
800 1 00 0 1125 2100 2280 2460 2640
1250 1375 1500 1625 2020 3 00 0
1750 1875 2000 2125 2250
1350 1530 17X0
900 1890 2070 2250
1125 1250 137 5 2430 2610 2790
1500 1625 17 50 2970 3150
1875 2000 212U 2250
1500 r m
16UÚ llCO 2040
1000 1250 2220 2400 2500 2760
1375 15.00 1625 1750 294t 3120 SMO
1875 2000 2125
¿ h l ü ^ J _ h i L L í 500

Vt h » *gol°t-Í á * e *** 8 l% r V U l U T % i^í (L}. 0i' (L+ + D > vppmr

solut\on for v .» U Z ¡ > ( D + L + V ). th s valúa prtntúUe
 .OLUTION OF EOUATION ( l b ~ 3 / ACi 6"«
load factors 2.1. _ _ _ _ __________

FRQ* eiTKER DtRECmt»

-9 -20 1

279 290 j¡
81 70 I

369 3 80
171 160

459 470
261 250

549 560
351 340

639 650
59 5 ; 606 430
441
485 474
718 729 7 40
696 707 1
685 542 531 520
575 564 553 J

1 808 319 830

7B6 797
775 632 621 610
66 5 654 643 ¡
í 898 909 9 20
S76 887
B65
J 744 733 722 11} 700
755
977 i 9 86 999 1010
955 966 790
823 ] 812 801
845
1Ü 1
 LOAD FACTQRS 2,2, SOLinflON OF EQUATJOh C15~3) ACI 318-63
----- _
DEAD W1ND LOAD (w) FROM EITHER D!RECTIQN
LOAD fe 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 xooo
0 1*10 2^0 3 30 440 550 660 770 gao 990
O 0 -110 “ 220 1 10 0
“ 3 30 -440 -5 SO -660 “ 770 -880 -990 -X I 00
9 119 2¿9 339 449 559 669 779 889 999
xo :¡ 9 “ 101 “ 211 -32} 1109
“ 431 -541 “ 6 SI “ 761 “ 871 “ 981 -ion
18 128 . 2i8 3 48 458 568 67 3 788 898 1008
20 18 -92 -202 -312 ^422
íxxa
-532 “ 642 “ 752 “ 862 -972 “ 1082
2b 137 247 357 '467 577 687
30 797 907 1017 1127
27 -63 -19 3 -30} -413 -52 3 -6 3 3 -743 “ 853 -9 6 3 ~ 1073
36 146 256 366 476 586 696 306 916 1026
40 36 . -74 -1§4 1136
“ 294 -4 04 -514 “ 624 -734 “ 844 “ 9 54 -1064
45 155 265 .375 485 595 705 815 925 1035
50 45 -65 “ 175 -285 1145
-395 -50 5 -615 “ 725 -8 35 -945 “ 1055
54 164 274 384 494 604
60 714 324 934 1044 1154
54 “ 56 “ 1(66 -276 ! “ 386 -496 “ 606 “ 716 ; “ 8 26 “ 9 36 -1046
63 173 283 393 503 613 723 833 9 43 1053
70 63 “ 47 -157 -267 1163
-377 -487 . “ 597 -707 “ 817 “ 927 “ 1037
(D)

72 182 292 402 512 622 732 342 952 ,10 62

80 72 “ 38 “ 148 -258 1172
“ 368 -4 78 -588 “ 69 8 ~80 8 “ 918 “ 1028
LOAD

81 191 ' 301 411 521 631 741 851 961 1071
90 81 “ 29 -139 1181
-249 -359 -469 “ 579 -689 -799 “ 909 “ 1019
DEAD

90 200 310 420 530 640 750 360 970 1080

100 90 “ 20 “ 130 1190
-240 “ 350 -460 -570 “ 680 “ 790 “ 900 -1010
180 290 400 510 620 730 840 950 1060 1170
200 180 70 “ 40 -150 “ 260 “ 370
1280
-480 -590 -700 -810 “ 920
270 380 490 600 710 820 9 30 1040 1150 1260
300 270 160 50 1370
-60 “ 170 “ 280 “ 390 “ 500 -610 -720 -830
360 470 580 690 800 910 1020 1130 1240
400 360 250 140 30 1350 1460
-80 -190 -300 -410 “ 5 20 “ 630 “ 740
450 560 670 ?80 890 1000 1110 1220 1330 1440 1550 ■
500 450 340 230 120 10 "100 -210 “ 320 “ 4 30 “ 540 “ 650
540 650 760 870 980 1090 1200 1310 1420 1530 1640
600 540 430 320 210 100 -10 -120 “ 230 -340 “ 450 -560
630 740 850 960 1070 1180 1290 1400 1510 1620 1730
700 630 520 410 300 190 80 “ 30 -140 -250 “ 360 -470
720 830 940 1 050 1 160 1270 1380 1490 1600 1710 11820
800 720 610 500 390 280 170 60 -50 “ 140 “ 270 ir 380
810 920 1030 1140 1250 1360 14 70 1580 1690 1800 .1910
900 81Q 700 590 480 370 260 150 40 -70 -ISO
900 1 010 1120 1230 1340 1450 1560 ; 1670 17 U 0 1890 21000
1000 900 790 680 570 460 350 240 ] 130 20 -90 -200

Not$: For úaeh pair of tabular valúes for (t)/ and (V } the upper v&luot
providea the solution for V * 0 . 9D # 1. 1y and the lover valué provid&s th#
so tuti o n for U « 0. 9D - 1. 1W.
8E A M COLUMNS l.l

<0- 6*?')®
 r m

-6 0
-5 0
“4 0
-3 0
-2 0
co -1 0
0
- «■ 10
20
30
40
50
60
.4 5

206
 f¿ £5,00.0

co

(cp-c'p')m
<M
*T>
n
- «i

m
a’
 CQMMENTARY

TABLES 1 . 2. 3 ar.ri a

a i i g r S n s' 1 o n L Í ° Vl'?'? key Valua3 thC i;OU“ mteraction

Kf, U the -balance?" valué of i ^ / f - bt íac rectamquiar

t>ections, or of P|J/ f <: t for square or round sectJLons. Here

i i n ^ í t r ^ i r í ^ t h r U n c r e í r L ^ h ^ 136" ^ C° eXÍfit whtín the «>**'

and the outermost r e in fo rc xn g ' t e *s S a í ^ d ” '

/ s ' i | .....................................

eb / t is the e c c e n tr ic a t y to total depth r ^ t i o correspondxng

to balanced c o n d itio n s , or
Henee, the "balanceo raoment" may
be obtained a s :

“b = < V (eb / t ) (f c ' b t 2 )

is the valué of P / f
111 u
U v.
< bt ° r WU C c o-
r r e ':ponding •“ 'a to
t-“ 'a•‘■
the mínimum e c c e n t r i c i t y . " For txad columna. ^ corresponda to
e /t - 0 .1 0 , and for s p i r a l l y rein forced colurimsl to e / t « 0 .0 5 .

The valué K q corresponda to puré a x ia l load wit,h no eccer,-

tncity.

Using Kq , and e ^ / t , the "compression control* p o r tion of

U n r ^ S í ^ t h f n i n ? ; : Can í® C lr eiy aPPr “ ^ t a d ú« ing a s t r a i Sht

’ l h e n * tÍMi minimum v a l “ e of K can be p lotted tfc«r¿>n as K
m *

UNIAXIAL CHARTS

No 7K “ í i c h “ S “r tal“ " fr“ ACI SPe=Íal W b l i c t i o »

that chartí rcíatnHo f y 5 “^"SorSf^hic,1" Ch°Ucorita
' W ü Pfcl which were lC b * mne0dt ' din
SP-7 do not appear h e r e . Those charts were d e ie ta d =■ince 75 onn

S E T J S S r £or 3 " ch “ ~ r i* S m ¡ ¿ Z £ T -

209
 jaBlglicite

Ex te n s iv e c a l c u la t io n s ínvolving more than 20U detail^ir^^t^n^*'

hand inves tigat ions made at the ünivers icy of Texas at Ar..iÍJujt^f
have v e r i f i e d the v a l i d i t y of the assumptions made xn th<| 3$F#*í»3'
tions of the equat ions contained her e in . *

Two parameters , pt and ptm , \yere used in plotting the rf.. 1..
charts to províde fléxibilityi All charts contained hereia may
for ihterpolation. Three variables, f „ \ I,
iv . and g , are considere*! *»
y'
varióus combinations for rectangular and round colum ne.

Whilte the charts for steel along four faces were dev^lapad
for one-fourth of the ste e l on each face, check probleras i n d l c a U .
that the charts may be used witb reasonable accuracy when tha
on each sid e face is as l i t t l e as 15 percent of the total ->t.eel,
ano 35 percent of the to tal ste e l is provided along the end faces
in a l l cases in which the steel on each side face is less ^
one-fourth of the total s t e e l , the v a r ia t io n s frora trie exact laath
eraatical s o lu t io n are on the conservative s i d e .

I t is p e r f e c t l y s a t i s f a c t o r y to interp ólate between the charts

for s te e l on four faces (25 percent along each :f.aCe ) ana tih® c- ^ s
for s t e e l on end faces only (50 percent on each end face) for other
ratios of side s t 6 8 l and ©nd s t e © l ,
1J
When using the u n ia x ia l charts in conju nctio n with the b i a x ­
ial charts for the four-bár column, the charts for S t e el on end
faces only are used to obtain the u n i a x i a l capacxtíes about both
the X and Y ax e s . The solutio ns for the c a p a c i t i e s about both
axes are extremelv p re cise in this case.

W hile colunias having b i a x i a l e c c e n t r i c i t y have been designed

w i t h ste e l alonq two faces only, and have performed s u c c e s s t ^ l l y ,
it is recommended that s te e l on four faces be used xn such c ases.

It is also prudent to use a large nurnber of small bars rather

than a small number of large bars when e c c e n t r i é i t i e s e x i s t about
bo^h p r i n c i p a l axes, even though this p r a c t i c o may present detall-
i r u problems at the beam l e v e l .

Comprehensivo i n v e s t i g a t i o n s at the U n iv e r s i t y of Texas at

A u s t i n i n d ic a t e that column d esigns should always consider t *
derness e f f e c t s . Henee, the "long column' in v e s t i g a c ió n ahould
always be considered as a routine part of everj¡¿ column d e s i j n .

~ Complete de'rivation of these equat ions appeared in ACI P u b l i c a -

H n n SP-7, Ultímate Strenqth De s ig n of M l n í ° r c e d C oncrete
by E v e L r i i K d - S h S „ — S p Í T h S s been superseded by the p r . « «
volume but copies of the d e r iv a t i o n may be ordered from the ACI j
P u b lic á tio n s Department a t .c o s t of xerographic r e p r o d u c tio n at the
time of order.

2*0

tnníjl*>
----
 BIAXIAL CHARTS

The charts for b i a x i a l bejnding cóntained : in thís handbook

«e re d u p lic a te d frora a paper by Donald C. Weber published in the
ACI JOURNAL, Pr oceedings V. 6 3, November 1966, p p . 1205 - 1230
1 1i '
The charts were aijtomatically plptted üsing an e l e c t r o n i c
Computer in the o f f i c e of ^etchum, Konkel, Ryan and H a sting s,
C onsulting En gin e e r s, Denver, Coloradfa.

The concepts used ¡¡ in developing the b i a x i a l charts are bas-

i c a l l y those provided in the d e r iv a tip n s related to the charts for
u n i a x i a l bend in g , with the exception that bars were assumed to be
concentrated at given lócations rather than d is t r ib u t e d as a tubu­
lar s e c t io n .

W h ile the charts have been plotted for sqiiare s e c tio n s ,

experience and longhand check c alc ulatio ns ind ic ate that these
charts are e q u a lly applicable- for sections in which the r a t io of
depth to width (or vice versa) is as large as; 2 to 1.
.
F urther, while the reinforcemen.t is considerad to be evenly
d i s t r i b u t e d along the four faces (except for the four bar c olum n),
e x c e l l e n t re s u lts are óbtained when each side face has as l i t t i e
as 15 percent of the to tal s t e e l , and each ene face has 35 percent
of the to tal s t e e l .

It should be noted that the charts for 16 bairs can be used

with reasonable accuracy for ariy number of bars greater than 16.
I n f a c t , no s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e e x is ts in results obtained
using the 12 -bar column and the 16-bar column. This s ub s ta ntiate s
the assumptions made in developing the u n ia x ia l charts which pro-
vide r e sults with n e g l i g i b l e d if f e r e n c e s for small numbers of b a r s .
The d i f f e r e n c e s are always on the s l i g h t l y conservative s i d e .

The b i a x i a l charts contain the same parameters as the u n ia x ia l

c harts, inc lud in g the 0 factor of 0 .7 which has aiready been ap~
plied.

STIFFNESS 1 . 1 AND 1 . 2 COEFFICIENTS FOR C t

_____ ___ _________________ _____________________________ r

Many ty p ic al structures have numerous inte r ior joints contain-

ing columns and beains for w hich :

(a) Columns above and below have idéntica] b s t or D and h

c c ' ¡i

(b) Beains to the r ight and l e ft of a joint; have id e n t ic a l

b ‘ , t, and / ' and the beam web width is equal to column
wid t h .
 For rectangular colunins having a width and a total
depth t :
c ;

1 /h = b ct c !/ 1 2 h

For rectangular beams having width b* anc total depth t;

I//' » b ' t 3/12 /-

Henee, for i c e n t ic a l beams and i d é n t i c a ! c g I uidjis at an inte­

rior jo in t with columns having equal height and beains having equai
spans,

I X (columns) 2
X K (beams) 2 l/T r

or :
2 b t V12 h b t " /•
U C -~Z
2 b ' t J/1 2 V b 11 h

or :

r: = <tc3 / t 3 ) ( b ^ y b 1) l / ‘ /h )

De¿ m i n g C^ , - (z _ / t ) J , then

r‘ - (fc _ / b ' ) ( / ‘ Ai) Cr ,

For round columns havinc a diameter D,

I fu = D" TT/64 h

so: ,-m ftt/6 4 ) (D) -/a.

b ’ t J/ 1 2 / ’

or; r1 = (D/‘b *) (12 lt/64) ( D / t ) ' 1 t / ’ A»)

3
Defining C„. = (12 11/64) (D /t ) , then

r' = ( D / b 1) ( / ' /h ) Cr ,

The valúes of C , have been tabulated

for rectangular columns
r _ .
in S t i f í n e s s 1 . 1 and for round columns in S t i f f n e s s 1 . 2 . T yp ic al
exaraples in the problems se c tio n i l l u s t r a t e the use of the t a b l e s .

Wher. using added s t i f f n e s s for haunched beams to reduce r ' ,

note that most handbooks for frame constants provide c o e f f i c i e n t s
C for CEI / / ' where l c i s a referen ce moment of i n e r t i a . For beajas
of constant cross-section C = 4 . Henee, C / 4 should be used since
s t i f f n e s s in the tables does not contain the factor 4 as xn 4 E I / n .
Only E l / h is used in r* calcula t i o n s . The i^asic equat ion for the
stiffness r a t io r* at a ty p ic al interior joint is th erefore:

2 I CA (columns)
c , í /'/h )
Z i 'Z T (beapis)

For a l l d e v ia t io n s from this ;basic coftd.ition, such as várif-f

tions in width between columns andí beams, inflüence of floor sílab
m onolithic with beam (T-beam action) , v a n a x í o n s in clear be ara
span or free column height at e it h e r side of the joint or d e v i a ­
tions in the number of columns and beams (at e xt er io r joints or
roof j o i n t s ) , m u l t i p l i e r ^ have to be applied to the above stated
equation as fo l lo w s :

(a) If the column width b _ or D is not id e n t ic a l

with the beam width the m u lt ip l i e r is:

(b / V ) or ( D A ) ')

(b) In case of a m onolithic beam-slab consuruction

(T-beam action) the m u ltip lie r i s :

(1 /C J where C . i s obtained from

' t t
Stiffness 2

(c) I f the clear beam-spans at either side of the

j o i n t are not i d e n t ic a l replace / ’ in the above
equation b y:

Ai A2
/ i ‘+ 77“

(d) I f the free column heights above and below the

joint are not id e n t ic a l replcice h in the above
equation b y:
h h
1 2
h. h.

(e) I f the number of columns and beams framing

into the j o m t vary from that of che typical
in t e r i o r j o i n t , the m u ltip lie r i s :

No. of Columns
No. of Beams

For an e xt er io r floor j o i n t , the m u l t ip li e r would be ( 2 / 1 ) ;

for an in te r io r roof j o i n t it would be ( 1 / 2 ) ; and for an exterior
roof j o i n t it would be ( 1 / 1 ) .

213
 The complete b a s i c formula for r* with a ll d e via tions included
would then b e :

r / • / ■
X1 2
Cr , x (b cA ' ) ( l / C t ) / 1 + / 1 No. of Columns
L*t k2 .
hlh2 No. of Beams

hl + h2

For t y p ic a l jo in t c o nfig ur ation s S t i f f n e s s 1 . 1 , 1 . 2 , and 2

w i l l prove very p r a c t i c a l . However, where a l l factors become
v a r ia b l e the s i t u a t i o n can become so complex that complete cal-
c u la t io n of I / h and l / / ‘ is recommended.

STIFFNESS 2

T h is table provides gross moments of inertia l r of the

uncracked sectio n of T-beams as,

Ig =■ C t (b-t3/ l 2 ) = CtI r

where I- is the moment of i n e r t i a of the web considerlng its full

deptl through the fla n g e .

This chart is used with S t i f f n e s s 1 . 1 and 1 . 2 to account for

T-beeims rather than rectangular beams for which those tables were
developed.

The table may also be used w ith S t i f f n e s s 3, which provides

moments of in e r t i a for rectangles one inch w i d e . S t i f f n e s s 2 and
3 can be used together to obtain d i s t r i b u t i o n fa c to r s , or for
fin d in g r* for u-nusual j o i n t s .

W h ile the cherts do not show beams w ith a flange on one side
o n l y , they apply for such s e c t io n s . The width b used must conform
to Section 906 of ACI 318-63.

STIFFNESS 3

This ta ble provides moments of i n e r t i a I for uncracked

g
re c tan gu lar sectio ns with a width b ' = 1 in,
I n - (1) t J/ 1 2

To obtain the moment of i n e r t i a of a rectangle of width b , muitíply

by the actual width b in inches, or:

I = b I,

214
 T.ONG COLUMNS 1 .1

This chart proVides solutions for thie long column factor R

{defined in Section 91£ of ACI 318- 6 3)using
R = 1 .3 2 0 . 0 0 6 h /r il.O (9-2)

for h / r between 60 and 100, . when. r e l a t i v e l^t eral displacement

between the ends of the column is prevented a nd „ r Mthe
—-- ends
- „ of ¡_
the
,
member are fixed or d e f i n i t e l y reistrained so as to have a pornt of
c o n t r a f lexure occur between the ends. For the same h /r and with
r e la t i v e la t e r a l displacement of the ends of the member prevented,

R = 1.0 7 - 0 .0 0 8 h /r ¿ 1 .0 (9-3)

when the member is bent in a s in g le curvature and there is no

point of c o n t r afle xu r e between the ends.

Valúes of h / r are given, as well as h / t for rectangular col­

umns using r -- 0 . 3 t, and h /D for round sections using r = 0 . 2 5 D.
Here, r is the radius of g yration of the cross s e c t io n .

Moments and a x i a l loads are increased by d i v i d i n g by R, and

the d e s ig n is then developed using the new and Pu and short
column d e s ig n ch ar ts .

LONG COLUMNS 1 .2

These charts provide solutions for the long column factor R

based on Equation (9-4) of ACI 318-63, for restrained rnembers for
which r e l a t i v e l a t e r a l displacement of the ends is not p revented:
R = 1 .0 7 - 0 .0 0 8 h ' / r á= 1 . 0 (9-4)
which ap p lie s when liv e load and dead load govern the d e s ig n .
When l a t e r a l loads govern the d e sig n , R is m u ltip lie d by 1 . 1 , but
may not be more than 1 . 0 (see Section 916 of ACI 3 18- 63).

In both Case I and Case I I , the valúes o f . h / r ' hA and

are g iv e n . The valué h is the actual height of the column, and not
the increased height h ' in Eq. (9- 4).

The r a t i o of h ' to h is taken care of by providing separate

curves for various valúes of r ' , where,

2 I c/ h (columns)
Ü I//' (beams)

C ase Ii involves the equation for columns having one end

hinged (or r 1 exceeding 25) and the other end re straine d but free
to t r a n s í a t e , using the e quation,

h' = 2h (0 .7 8 + 0.2 2 r ') ^ 2h

where r ' is the valué (r^ ) at the re straine d end.

 Case 1 involves the equation,
h' = h ; (0.78 + 0.22 j: ‘) 3sh

where r ‘ * r^ = h (r¿ + r ¿ ) or the average of r ’ at the top

an d ]oottom of the column.

For both Cases I and I I , the R factors are provided in terms

of the actual height h, the radius of g yration r, ano the valúes
h / t and h/D for rectan gu lar and round columns, r e s p e c t i v e l y .

For rectangular columns r = 0 . 3 t and for round columns

r = 0 .2 5 D have been used. Thus it is not necessary to compute the
radius of g y r a tio n , r.

iTwo charts are provided in order to cover a wide range of

valúes of h / r , h / t , e t c .

LONG COLUMNS 2 .1

T h is table provides valúes id e n t ic a l to those obtained in

Long Columns 1 . 2 , but in tabular form rather than c h a r t f o r m . The
proredures used in develop ing the table were d iscussed in the cora-
mentary for Long Columns 1 . 2 . T his table is used when dead load
and l i v e load govern the d e s i g n . The table is based on Eq. (9 - 4 ):

R - 1 .0 7 - 0.0 0 8 h ' / r ^ l . O (9“ 4 )

The r a t i o of h ' to h is taken care of by use of r ' valúes as

e xp la in ed for Long Columns 1 . 2 .

When the top (T) and bottom (B) of the column ere d e f i n i t e l y
re s tr ain e d ( r ' ^ 2 5 ) the average of r ' at the top and bottom of the
column is used (Case I). I f one end is hinged ( r ‘ > 2 5 ) , the valué
of r ' at the r e s tr a in e d end is used (Case I X ) .

LONG COLUMNS 2 .2

This table provides the same Information as Long Columns 2 . 1 ,

with a 10 percent increase due to the fact that l a t e r a l loads
govern the d e s i g n . The commentary for Long Columns 1 . 2 also ap-
p l i e s to this t a b l e . The table is based on E q . (9- 5):

R = 1 .1 8 - 0 .0 0 9 h ' / r 4 .1 .0 (9-5)

The notes concerning r 1 in Long Columns 2.1 Commentary apply

here a l s o .
 LONG COLUMNS 3.1 AND

In the córamentary to the 196$ ACI Code , Commxttee 3]

recommends that the Column Research Council method should be used
when the r a t io of the two r ‘ valúes at the e of a column exceeds
3. T h u s , it is d e s ir a b l e to provide design a icjs relatad to the
Column Research Council method. This rnethod may be used in lieu
of the R-factor method in A r t i c l e 916, as we 11 as the d e t a i l e d
method permitted by A r t i c l e 9 1 6 (d) of ACI 318-63.

A t h e o r e t ic a l So lu t io n * is reouirea for two c o n d i t i o n s :

1. Columns not free to t r a n s l a t e ! {Chart 3 . 1 )

2. Columns free to transíate (Chart 3.2)

For the case in which the columns are not free to t r a n s ía te ,

the r e s u l t i n g equation i s :

tr/k ( TT/2k)
'T ' rB 2 + rB ^
+ 2 tan
tan ( TT A ) IrA

and for columns free to t r a n s ía te , the derived equation is:

r¿ { Tr/k) 36 IT / k
tan tr/k)
r

Nomograplis r e late d to those equations were prepared by J u l i á n

and L a w r e n c e , of Jackson and Moreland, and are well known. Those
nomographs have been replotted using the related eq uations, to
provide Long Columns 3 . 1 and 3 . 2 .

This method, known as "the moment m a g n ific a t io n m e t h o d ,”

using the valué of (l+Rm)E I as E ^ . , / 2 . 5 or more accurately as
(E I / 5 ) + E I , has been recommended by ACI Commi'ttee 44 1 , “Columns. "
c g s s
The documentation of the method was done by Breen, McGregor and
Pfrang, in a report in the January 1970 ACI JOURNAL.
In using the more accurate method for obtain in g (1+R^EI^ the
following equations a p p l y * * :
For rectangular sections with s te e l on end faces only
(gt)^/4 for symmetrical s t e e l .

* For complete d e r i v a t i o n s , s e e : McGuire, W ill i a m , Steel Struc-

tures, Prentice H a l l P u b l i s h in g C o..En gle w o od C l i f f s , N . J . , 1 9 6 8 ,
p p . 465-473. A lso see Column Research Council Guide to Design
C r i t e r i a for Me ta l Compression Members, John W ile y and Sons, Inc
New” York, 2nd E d i t i o n , 1966, 217 p p .
inrsiiT~W e ^ ~ r añd~ Prob leras in Re in for cea Concrete, Everard and
T an n e r, Schaum P u b li s h in g C o . , New York, 19 66, pp. 160-161.
 For rectangular sections with steel alon^ four faces,
o n e - fourth along each face

1 = A . ( g t ) ¿/ 6
s st
For sectio ns with the steel arranged in a c ir c le

! s = A st (g t)¿ /8

in a l l cases, E c = 33 USed £M ^
of the concrete, and E ¿ = 2 9 x l 0 ° p s i

- v,f -/ \'í and for rou

For rectangular sections I q - bt / l ¿ ana
~ 4 , _ ,, , a \ re o un t s for a reduced modulus
I = TTd / 6 4 . The factor (1 + R^) ¿cco^ncs
E9 according to Section 9 1 6 (d) of ACI 213-0.;.

'■PNG COLUMNS 4

T h is chart provides graphical solu^ns for the ACI Code

equations:
h• = 2h '{0 .7 8 * 22 r ') 2t 2h Case II
and h< * h (0.78 + 0 .22 r ' ) 2=h Cese I

s n ; s . s : "

“ • • • • ¿ S . T i S S ’i ' » « * 101 r “ T , . “ ¡ . ." .d

th e o th er and is restrain ed against rotatior.. In this c a s e , r Is taken
5S That at the restrained end, or r T .
Case ! applies when both are restrained and r' does|
e n d s not
exceed 25 at either end. 'The average valu é o: r is used so
r • = r^ = H (r^ + rB )

, > . ; c that at the bottoffi of the

where r^, is that. at the >.op and _B
column.

While the valúes h 1/ h are sim ilar i^the

in the " e q u iv a le n t h e i g h t " o f a P ^ V a r H o í n te r c h a n g e a b l e .
roement m a g nific átion method, h 1/ h and k are not

In all cases, however, r ‘ is delineo as

r * _ Sl/lv columns
S i / / ’ beams
 LONG CC jIIMNS 5 .1 THROUGK 3 .4

The se ta ble s p r o v id 6 valúes of the approx ijfcate s t i f f m »s ot

col mips ¿or use in o b ta in ng the c r i t i c a ! loafi for bucklin«i in
the Eule r e q u a t io n , ;|¡ ;l j :!|¡ . ;

kh)
L«r equat: on
vi.e e kh is th- equivalen iengcn i:
-5
for the b a s i c pmned-trvd Olumn Valúes give|n : re (j.+Rffi)8,l * 10
. ■ - 2
ki.p
The equation usec fo -I vas recor.uaended b./ ACI Conmi tee 441
Cor. arete Column; as an ap »r .ximat;or for more accurat e v a l . e s .
The s t i f f n e s s is giver. by the eypres =sio n .

E , I q/ 2 . 5
EX
4 R

where E_ = 33 W 1 5 ■/f . ' as»d I g is the gross: raoment of ’. nert a of

the concrete cross s e c t io n , n e q le c ting the 3 tee -. -,r

B dead load M accounts for a reduced valué or l , and- r su:
¡ti s _ 2 - _____________________ -_____ -

~ otal load
taine loads.

In these t a b l a s , for rectangular sectxú ,

b •: /12
9

and for rounc s e c t io n s ,

I - Y D ^ /6 4
9

where D is equal to the diameter of the column. All ‘.ix.em ions

are in i n c h e s ,
Four valúes of concrete strength are utilizod, incluo ng
3 .0 , 4 .0 , 5 .0 and 6 .0 ksi.
The exmressior* for El provided here r e p r e s e n t e "* qood apprcxi-
inatiÓn 2 í í “ « e l r « l S p t i* r . L t i v . l y sr-ali. » t ? ? £ ■ ' * -
about C 3. For higher Steel ratioe a fcetter axpressíor. f r El »

E cI o/ 5 . 0 + fís I ;
El =
1+ F
m
nd l s o.epends • or the reiniorceríi-eü
where x 10 ps i
p a t te r n .*

*§ee The P r o b l e n s it. R e infor c e d £ o n c r ^ e . by Everard and

l 'a n n i F T S^háiS p S I I ü h i n g C o . , New York, 1 9 66, p p , 1*0-161,
167-170
 For Steel «long jsnd Caces only and sy™«etr i c a l l y p laced.
' ! v2k: /.-
(gt) / 4
Is Ast
jjFor sfceejl eq ually d is t r i b u t e d |along the four 'faces,
f ourjth on each face

! s “ iU t (9t) | P

For s t e e l arranged in a cxrcxe

I = A ( g t ) 2/ e
s fet

The tables - « p r e p a r a d using-

^ “ ' “ í p u f w f i g h t f o£ l ightw e ig ht aggregate concrete. The mul-

^ uj r ^ - -it»
iftíe commentary to the I n f i e l Code, ACI 3 P - 1 0 ) . and wrth Long
Columns 3 .1 and 3 . 2 .

brtnforcement. I

T h i* table provides ^ ‘« I d i j j n j l a a . £or » ! « .

118- 63 r e q u i r e m e n t s for cleai dxstance
ACI 318
for the outer s.
« « f e r i n a i-in. máximum s i& e aggre
The table was prepared co ‘ , ~1¡ler t ¿es are used, de-
gate and t¡-in. t i e s or s p r r a ls " £ e \ s” * “ “ hl re D is the
crease the dimensions gxven b* 2 (Db w¿h b
diameter of the t i e or s p i r a l . '¡' ! ¡ L ', .r ' ¡

Since mos^ q^ ^ t e Cat h r v a s r m a j o r i t y Cof d e s i g n a r e covered

1-ln. máximum aggregate, m e
by the t a b l e .
R e i n f o r c e m e n t 1 i s used to L^ r i ^ s n' n L b e r s of bars
width or d e p t h for r e c t a n g u l a r polumns for v
of a given s i z e .

R E IN F O R C E M E N T 2 .1 A.ND ,jL-_2_

Reinforcement 2 . 1 aP P l i e s to r o u n d ^ o ^ ^ p U c h ) 0 ^ "
columns. The tables c i z es Thev are s im ilar to those
s p i r a l reinforcement of g^ven £ i z e s . Handbook - WorkiliSL
provided in the Reiiiforced Concrete D e ^ x c ^ aanj--- ----
S tress M ethod, ACI SP-3.
The t a b le s c onfo r t to s e c tio ns 806 and 913 o £ ACI 318-63.
 REINFORCEMENT
. 3, 4, AND 5

These t a b le s provide three valúes for each bar sixe and coi-
umn w i d t h . The f i r s t valué í$ the máximum number of bars of the
p a r t i c u l a r s i z e that can be placed in the column with the s p lic e
pattern b e in g used. The second valué is the to tal area of flteel
for the number of barsi g i v e n , and the third vjalue is p fc = g! j
W h ile in most cases the plearances and c o ver govern the number oí
bars that can be dsed, in scane cases the máximum r a t io pt u.OB
governs. Since ACI 3lb-63 p r o h i b it s lap s p l ic e s in tensión for
bars larger than # 1 1 , and d isdourages thera in compres s i o n n o
valúes are included for lap-sjoliced # 1 4 b a rs .
í ^ ; 1 : ! 1 :!| 1 !'■ 1} ; Ü 'S; ' ■I Ik'
Reinforcem ent 3 covers square tied columns with s te e l e q u a lly
d i s t r i b u t e d along four fa c e s . Three s p l i c e cond itions are con-
sidered: (a) r a d i a l s p l i c e s , (b) end b e a r in g s p u c e s , ano ve)
perimeter s p l i c e s . The l a t t e r are s im ilar to the cir c u m fe re n tiai
s p l ic e s for c i r c u l a r columns, as shovm in i l l u s t r a t i o n s below roí
Reinforcem ent 5 . For end b e a r i n g s p l i c e s , b u tt ve ld s or mechan-
i c a l d e v ic e s are used for s p l i c i n g . For r a d i a l s p l i c i n g , the
córner b a r s are considered to; be o f f s e t along d ia g o n a l u n e s
through the c o r n e r s . Other b a r s are assumed to be o f f s e t behind
the bar in the outer r o w .

R e inforcement 4 r e l a t e s to squar¿ columns w ith the s t e e l arranged

in a c i r c l e . Three s p l i c e cond itions are c o n s id e r e d : (a) r a d i a l
s p l i c e s , (b) end b e a r i n g splijces and (c) c ir c u m f a r e n t ia l s p l i c e s .
In the l a t t e r case, the bars are not bent to !p r o v id e f ° r offset-
t i n g , but are merely lapped dide by s id e w ith in the c ir c u la r tie
or s p i r a l . (See illustratiori for Reinforceiaent 5 ) .

Reinforcement 5 relates to c ir c u l a r columns with the steel arranged

in a c i r c l e . S p li c e con d itio n s considered are i d e n t i c a l to those
for square columns w ith the S t e e l arranged in a c i r c l e .

The c r o s s - s e c t i o n s below i n d ic a t e d e f i n i t i o n s of the various

types of s p l i c e s .

END BEARING CIRCUM FERENTIAL

RADIAL SPLICE
SPLICE SPLICE
 p r TNFORCEMBNT__6

h i orovides mínimum s p l i c e : l e n g t h ijg f o r b a r '

This table pr ov i a e - ., f , ,nd t^ e steel
• t-hp concréte strength f ana w e
arious sizes c o n s i a e r m g the concre c

strength f .

pp-
tnfor CEM ENT 7_

i .o the total area of ste e l ob-

tain efX SÍES I ^ - n ^ r of - r s of a p ar t io u la* size
designation.

T.nAD FACTORS I ■

tables provide S o l u t i o n s fo r ^E ,.
ACI 318-63 for various w) two paired valúes of 0 are

S X valué o £ «fi 0 .) aua « .

V» oair is the s olutio n to the equation
The u p p e r valué in each parr the ^

u = 1 .5 D + 1 .8 L
ri vslue is the s o lu t io n to the equation
and the second valué is ene | (15-2)
U = 1 .2 5 [D +(L t «)]

v rtf fhe two valúes wiU- govern for

In most cases the large - ( 15 -.3 ) may govern. Henee,
í s í s u - t o ¿ » í w - - -
2 .2 . , , ^ v i a i load and hending
When d e s i g n i n g _sectio ns ®u^ J ^ CcyOSS_ Se ction using the largast
it is necessary to inv®& ^ ? ¿ 0 e j* ^ / p and tensión a x ia l lo a ^ s .
a x i a l load, the larg est r a t i o e » u/ u
^ v ^«ncifipred su b stitu te E for W.
When earthquake (E) must be consider ,

T.nAD FACTORS 2 . 1_AND__2^¿.

The se tables provide two 7 ^ ) " and wind load (V?).

318-63 for each valué of dead load (D) an
f the oaired valúes is the s olutio n of the
The upper of the paireu
equation ^ = 0 .9 D + U « (15-3-a)
and the lower is che s olutio n of the equation
(15 -3 -b)
U = 0 . 9 D - .1.1; w

in a l l cases, the wind jw) may ¡come from either d i r e c t i o n .

m m columns í . i.

The se compos i te charts represent p ^ f t h e ^ q u iv -

the equations of e q u i l i h f i - u - n ^ t h e f a t ^ . ^ Pf (a/a)

xh » o : . p u/0 = Cc + c s ' T

= 0 . 8 5 f c 'ha + A s , f s ' " A s f s

which upon fac to r in g can be stated a s :

(1)
(a/d) - (cp- c’ p-) m = P u/ Í 0 0 . 8 S f c 'bd)

- tí ‘ i: 2 M » 0 :.P ue ' / 0 = C s (d - d') + C c (d - a/2)

= A ’ f ' 1 (d-d1) + 0 . 8 5 f 1b a ( d - a / 2 )
S s

which opon fa c to rin g can be stated as=

* * n a *M \ = p e ' / ( 0 O.BSf bd
(a /d ) (1- 0.5 a / d ) + c p m (1-d / o ) - / l* c

. - + d- t/2 c * t ji and c* - V / f y* «hen É ^ a n d

where e e 'then f and f 1 are equal to f , and c
£ *e are greater than then g s y

and c 1 must be 1 . 0 .

A
2S3
 Normally the designer knows the valué of e M /P immediately
;u u
a f t e r completing the a n a ly s is of the structure?, But in order to
use the beam-column charts, the designer must assume an e f f e c t i v e
depth, d .

Each equation can be considered as coiraposed of three v a r i ­

ables. Eq . (1) contains the v a r ia b le s a / d , (ep - c ' p * ) ni, and
P / ( 0 0 . 8 5 f ’b d ) . The r e l a t i o n s h i p between these v a r ia b l e s is
u c
p lo t te d in the main chart and formfe the set of s t r a ig h t lines ^
which are d ir e c t e d from the upper r ig h t to the lower l e f t . E q . (2)
contains the v a r i a b l e s a / d , c 1p ' m(1 - d ' / á ) , and Pye ' / ( 0 0 . 8 5
f ’b d ^ ) . The r e l a t i o n s h i p between these v a r ia b le s is p lotted in
the main chart and forms the set of curved line s which are d i r e c t ­
ed from the lower l e f t to the upper r i g h t .

Eq. (1) and (2) are v a l i d for a l l columns w ith r e in fo r c e a a n t

in the te n s ió n face only or for columns w ith reinforcement in the
t e nsión and compression f a c e s . The equations express the equilib-
rium r e l a t i o n s h i p s for a l l p o s i t i o n s of the n e u t r a l ax is such that
a /d is greater than zero but less than 1/k-^, where k^ is the r a t io
of depth of e q u iv a le n t r ectan gu lar stress b lo c k to depth from coia-
p r e s s io n face to n e u t r a l a x i s . The charts c ontain valúes of a /d
up to 0 . 8 5 .

Four charts have been constructed so that a v a r ie t y of con­

crete and reinforcement strengths can be used. The te nsión rein-
forcement w i l l be stressed to f^fo r a l l a/d valúes snsaller than
the a /d for f = f . For a /d greater than the valué at £ = f ,
s y ° j
the r a t i o c = f g/ f must be considered in the paraiaeter (cp-c’ p 1)®.
When f = f , c is c onveniently equal to 1 . 0 .
s y

The v a r ia b l e c 1 becomes d i f f e r e n t from 1 . 0 when* a /d is g r e at­

er than a s p e c i f i c v a l u é . The valué of a/d here depends on f ^ and
d 1/ d and can be found by e n te ring the upper chart w i t h f , proceed-
ing h o r i z o n t a l l y to d * / d and then vez*tically to read the a/d valus*

The valúes of f s can be read d i r e c t l y from a scale provided

for that purpose (lower r ig h t córner of a l l c h a r t s ) . The scale
i'eflects the r e l a t i o n s h i p between t e n s i l e reinforoesrant s t r e s s arid
the v a r ia b l e a / d . That r e l a t i o n s h i p is derivad as shcwn b e lo w .

€Cu s 0 . 0 0 3

224
 ,t i ; n; . ~

By sim ilar t r i a n g l e s , and w ith £ cu = 0 . 00-> and t g 29 x 10

£s * • cu ü Is _ f E
r s
■ f
-s !P ' s _____ *
J i ¡|¡; 29 X 106 I

.0 0 3
29 x 10 6 (d - c)

3 7 . OOP (d! H c)
s!

r 8 7 .0 0 0 (1 - c/d_)
cT cf

And sin ce c = a/k., ,

f i 8 7 ,0 0 0 (i j-
jii a /k ^ d )
s
a/(k^d)

The chart in the upper l e f t córner provides the magnitude of

the stress in the compressive r e in f o r c e m e n t . L i k e the main chart^
the upper chart has a/d. plotted on the a b s c i s s a , I h u s , a l l Ox
curves are r e la te d to the parameter a / d . The equation used to
construct the upper l e f t chart for f g was d e n v e d as r o lio s.

e. "CU
(c - d 1)

f ■ 0 .0 0 3
s
29 x 10b (c - d ’ ).

fs ’_ 8 7 .0 0 0 (c - ῱

87 , 000
[ ó ____d_ '
c /d

and since c - a/k.

87 • 000 ( t ^ r f)
W (k , d)

This equation has been p lotted for d l/ d ranging f r t » 0 . 0 5 0

to 0 . 1 5 0 .
Note that for very small a / d v a lú e s, the " compression r e i a .
f o r c e m e n t " can a c t u a ll y be stressed in t e n s ió n .
 Bearr. Columns 1.1 - 1.4 are suitable for detemining the mini-
2i <=>

mum artipunt of reinforcement reqjuired to resist a prescribed thrust

and moment on a given cross -séjdtion, when teñó ion Controls, The
reinforcement will be mininmrn ¡when the tensUé Reinforcement is at
yield point strain, This condition can be deveioped directly by
entering the chart at fs » fy and proceeding vertic ally to the valué
of P / f c 'bd, and then horizontally i o (cp - c*p')m.
Then^ enter from the l e f t side w ith the given valué of
P .^ e /fc *bd and proceed h o r i z o n t a l l y to the constant a /d li n e at
f ($ = f . At this point the valué of c ' p ‘m (1 - d ‘ / d ) may be
o h ta in e d .
Next, the valué of fs ' is obtained by proceeding to the
upper chart to the i n t e r s e c t io n with d ' / d curves. As shown in the
chart, the li n e is continued h o r i z o n t a l l y from this in te r s e c tio n
to read f *. Wherever any in t e r s e c t io n f a l l s outside the upper
chart, the compression reinforcement is at y ie ld point s t r e s s .

A f t e r ob ta in in g the three valúes (cp - c'p*)rr, c 5p ' m ( 1-d ' / d )

and f s 1/ the area of compression and tensión reinforcement can be
calculated.

The chart can also be used for a number of other cases such
as the case of symmetrical reinforcem ent. In some cases an itera-
tion procedure is n e c e s s a r y , us u a lly commencing with an assumed
valué of f c, 1 « fy which is adjusted to the proper valué a ft e r one
or two t r i á i s * However, since the u n i a x i a l charts provide for a
d i r e c t s o lu t io n of this problem, the i t e r a t i o n process is undesir-
able.

The valué of the understrength factor 0 has been assumed to

be 0 . 7 0 , and has been included in the charts.

The charts are va lid for small a x ia l tensión on columns as

long as s u f f i c i e n t moment is present to s t r a in the compression
face to 0 . 0 0 3 i n . / i n . That i s , as long as Pye 1 is p o s i t i v o . The
use of the chart with a x ia l tensión is the same as with a x ia l com­
pre ss ion , w ith the e xception that 0 = 0 . 9 may be used for a x ia l
tensión and the charts are based on 0 - 0 . 7 . Henee m ultiply P^
by 7 / 9 in order to use these charts when a x ia l tensión is p re s e nt.