Está en la página 1de 3

Art movements:

19th century

 Romanticism
 Realism
 Impressionism

20th century

 Cubism
 Orphism
 Futurism
 Surrealism

21st century

 Pseudorealism
 Sound art
 Superstroke

19th century:

Romanticism (or the Romantic Era or the "'Romantic Period"') was an artistic, literary and
intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe,
and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.[1] In part, it was a revolt
against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction
against the scientific rationalization of nature.[2] It was embodied most strongly in the
visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,[3] education[4]
and natural history.[5]

Realism in the visual arts is a style that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see.
The term is used in different senses in art history; it may mean the same as illusionism,
the representation of subjects with visual mimesis or verisimilitude, or may mean an
emphasis on the actuality of subjects, depicting them without idealization, and not
omitting their sordid aspects which continued the values placed always on the traditions
of genre painting. Works may be realist in either of these senses, or both. Use of the two
senses can be confusing, but depending on context the second sense is perhaps more
common.

Realism as a tendency in 19th century art was related to similar movements in the
theatre, literature and opera. All emphasized the depiction of everyday subjects, but by
no means always discarding classical, Romantic or sentimental approaches to their
treatment. The movement began in the 1850s in France. One of Gustave Courbet's most
important works is A Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850, a canvas recording an event which
he witnessed in September 1848. Courbet's painting of the funeral of his grand uncle
became the first grand statement of the Realist style.
Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-
based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the
1870s and 1880s. The name of the style is derived from the title of a Claude Monet work,
Impression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise), which provoked the critic Louis Leroy to
coin the term in a satiric review published in the Parisian newspaper Le Charivari.

Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush
strokes; open composition; emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing
qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time); common, ordinary
subject matter; the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and
experience; and unusual visual angles. The development of Impressionism in the visual
arts was soon followed by analogous styles in other media which became known as
Impressionist music and

20th century:

Cubism was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and
Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related
movements in music, literature and architecture. In cubist artworks, objects are broken
up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form—instead of depicting objects from
one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent
the subject in a greater context. Often the surfaces intersect at seemingly random angles,
removing a coherent sense of depth. The background and object planes interpenetrate
one another to create the shallow ambiguous space, one of cubism's distinct
characteristics.

Orphism or Orphic Cubism (1910-13), the term coined by the French poet Guillaume
Apollinaire, was a little known art movement during the time of Cubism that focused on
pure abstraction and bright colors influenced by Fauvism and the dye chemist Eugène
Chevreul. This movement was pioneered by the Delaunays, a couple who relaunched the
use of color during the monochromatic Cubist movement.[1]

Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th
century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with contemporary concepts of
the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car,
the airplane and the industrial city. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there
were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in
every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial
design, interior design, theatre, film, fashion, textiles, literature, music, architecture and
even gastronomy.

Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for the
visual artworks and writings of the group members.

Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur;
however, many Surrealist artists and writers[who?] regard their work as an expression of the
philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artifact. Leader André
Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was above all a revolutionary movement.

Surrealism developed out of the Dada activities during World War I and the most important
center of the movement was Paris. From the 1920s onward, the movement spread around the
globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film and music of many countries and
languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy and social theory.[citation needed]

21st century

Pseudorealism, also spelled pseudo-realism, is an artistic and a dramatic technique in


which an apparently unreal matter is presented in a fashion that makes it appear real.
Though use of Pseudorealism has been in practice for sometime in theatre, film,
fashion, textiles and literature[1], as an art genre, it was initiated in Indian art in early
21st century by Devajyoti Ray.

Pseudorealism, or the idea that something unreal can still give the impression of the real
has a parallel in mathematical field of representation theory.[2] There a Pseudo real
representation is a group representation that is equivalent to its complex conjugate, but
that is not a real representation.[2]

Sound art is a diverse group of art practices that considers wide notions of sound, listening and
hearing as its predominant focus. There are often distinct relationships forged between the
visual and aural domains of art and perception by sound artists.

También podría gustarte