UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS - ESPE

Ingeniería en Biotecnología: Quinto Nivel

PRUEBA PARCIAL N° 02: DISEÑO EXPERIMENTAL
INDICACIONES:
Únicamente se calificará lo que se desarrolle en hoja de papel ministro; además de la
presentación, se evaluará la redacción de las respuestas. Cualquier cálculo deberá efectuarse
exclusivamente con el software estadístico R. Una vez empezada la prueba no se podrán hacer
preguntas, no se podrá pedir ni dar nada en préstamo, tampoco salir del curso.
Tiempo máximo de duración: 120 minutos Ponderación: 30%.

Exercises (Score: 1.0 points each one).

a) Discuss the benefit of factorial experiments.
b) Identify the distinguishing characteristics of factorial experiments.
c) Discuss the meaning of complete randomization in a factorial experiment.
d) Consider a factorial experiment involving the factors A and B with four and three levels,
respectively. Determine the number of treatments and identify the various possible effects
on the response variable involving the factors A and B; list all treatments.
e) Consider a factorial experiment involving the factors A, B and C with four, three and five
levels, respectively. (i) Determine the number of treatments and identify the various
possible effects on the response variable involving the factors A, B and C. (ii) In view of
your answer to part (i), discuss a potential drawback in carrying out this experiment based
on the notion of complete randomization.
f) (i) Explain what is meant by a factor main effect in a factorial experiment. (ii) Explain what
is meant by the interaction effect of two factors in a factorial experiment. (iii) Explain the
orders of interaction and how many factors are involved for each order.
g) Suppose a factorial experiment consists of the three factors A, B and C. Factors A and B
have three levels each, and factor C has two levels. The experiment uses complete
randomization with 𝑛 = 3 observations per treatment. (i) List the sources of variation and
the corresponding degrees of freedom. (ii) List all treatments.
h) What is the consequence in a factorial experiment if only one observation of the response
is taken for each treatment, and what is the usual remedy for such a situation?
i) Suppose a factorial experiment consists of the factors A, B, C and D. All factors have two
levels each except factor B which has four levels. (i) Suppose only one observation of the
response variable is taken per treatment combination. List the sources of variation and the
corresponding degrees of freedom for the ANOVA table that would permit the assessment
of all main effects and all first-order interactions. (ii) Discuss a possible alternative
approach for this experiment that would permit two observations of the response per
treatment.
j) Suppose a factorial experiment consists of the five factors A-E. Factor A and B have three
levels each, while factors C, D and E have two levels each. (i) Suppose only one
observation of the response variable is taken per treatment combination. List the sources
of variation and the corresponding degrees of freedom for the ANOVA table that would
permit the assessment of all main effects and all first-order interactions. (ii) Discuss a
possible alternative approach for this experiment that would permit two observations of the
response per treatment.

1
k) The following is a partial analysis of variance table for a two-factor experiment with factor
A having four levels, factor B having three levels, and a sample of 𝑛 = 3 observations of
the response per treatment. Given that 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟 = 170, complete the ANOVA table and
determine whether the main effects and the interaction affect are statistically discernible.
Consider that 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑟 = 𝑆𝑆𝐴 + 𝑆𝑆𝐵 + 𝑆𝑆𝐴𝐵 .
Source of Degrees of Sum of
Mean square 𝐹0 p-value
variation freedom squares
Factor A 40
Factor B 20
Interaction
Error
Total 230
l) If it could be assumed that each run of a 24 design has been independently duplicated, how
can the standard error of an effect be calculated? Will the size of the standard error be the
same for all the effects? What is meant by “independently duplicated”?
m) If each run of a 24 factorial design has been performed only once, describe three methods
that might be used to distinguish real effects from noise.
n) How would you set out schemes for running a 24 factorial design in (i) two blocks of eight
runs? and (ii) four blocks of four runs? Mention any assumptions you make.

Problem
El porcentaje de agua que se elimina del papel en su paso a través de un secador depende de la
temperatura del secador y de la velocidad del papel que pasa por él. Se efectuó un experimento
de laboratorio para investigar la relación entre la temperatura del secador y el tiempo de
exposición, que está relacionado con la velocidad. Se prepararon cuatro especímenes de papel
para cada condición o tratamiento; los datos, medidos en % de agua eliminada, son:
Temperatura
100 °F 140 °F
24 26 45 49
10 s
Tiempo de 21 25 44 45
exposición 58 55 89 87
30 s
56 53 86 83
a) Calculate the average response from replicate experiments to calculate the four corner points.
(Score: 1.0 points)
b) Calculate and interpret the main effects in the design. (Score 1.5 points)
c) Show and interpreted the interaction plot for the two factors. (Score 1.5 points)
d) Calculate the main effects and interactions by hand using a least squares model. You may
confirm your result using R software, but your answer should not just be the computer
software output.
(Score 2.0 points)

Good luck!