Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation - Test 2

Question Answer
What is hemostasis? The stoppage of bleeding or hemorrhage.
Blood Platelets, Endothelial Cells, Plasma Coagulation
What are the components of hemostasis?
Factors
1. Compression and Vasoconstriction 2. Formation of a
What are the steps involved in hemostasis? platelet plug 3. Blood Coagulation 4. Clot retraction and
thrombus dissolution
What is the purpose of vascular spasms? Reduces blood flow and blood loss
1. Adherence - binding of receptor platelets 2. Aggregation -
What are the stepsw involved in the formation of
Platelets stick to collagen fibers 3. Secretion - releases ADP,
a platelet plug?
thromboxane, and collagen
What plays a role in clot formation as well as clot
Thrombin
dissolution?
What organ is primarily responsible for the
Liver
formation of coagulation factors?
Where do thrombocytes originate from? From megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
What vitamin is required for the activation of
Vitamin K
some coagulation factors?
How long does it take for the formation of a
15-20 seconds
blood clot to begin in a severe trauma?
How long does it take for the formation of a
1-2 minutes
blood clot to begin in a minor trauma?
Bllod proteins, and activator substanes from platelets and the
What is the clot initiated by?
vascualr wall
How long does it take for the clot to be formed? 3-6 minutes
What time does clot retraction occur? 20 min - 1 hour
What forms connective tisue within the clot? Fibroblasts
What is the size of platelets? 2-4 micrometer
What is the half-life of a platelet? 8-12 Days
What organ is primarily responsible for
Spleen - by the tissue macrophage system
eliminating platelets?
True or False, platelets contain a nucleus? False
True or False, platelets can reproduce? False
What is the surface of platelet cell membrane
Glycoproteins - avoids sticking to the endothelium
composed of?
What are procoaggulants? substances that promote coagulation
What are anticoagulants? substances that inhibit coagulation
What is the role of prothrombin activator? Catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin
What does thrombin do? It acts as an enzyme to convert fibrinogen into fibrin fibers
True or False fibrinogen has a high molecular True - 340,000
weight?
True or False, platelets are necessary for clot
True
retraction?
Clotting factors are dependent on what vitamin? Vit K
1. Prothrombin 2. Protein C 3. Factor VII 4. Factor IX 5.
List the types clotting factors?
Factor X
How many pathways are there in the coagulation 2, Extrinsic Pathway - Tissue Damage & Intrinsic Pathway -
cascade? Endothelial damage
What is necessary for the activation of both
Phospholipids
pathways of the Coagulation Cascade?
1. Prostacyclin (PGI2) 2. Tissue Plasminogen Activator
What all is involved in Clot retraction? (TPA) 3. Plasmin 4. Thrombin 5. Protein C and its cofactor
protein S 6. Antithrombin III 7. Heparin
True or False, Strokes and Embolisms are
associated w/ abnormalities in Protein C and S, True
Antithrombin III, and Plasminogen?
Name 3 causes of excessive bleeding? 1. Vit. k deficeincy 2. Hemophilia 3. Thrombocytopenia
What is a thrombus? an abnormal clot that develops in the blood vessel
What is an emboli? A free flowing clot
1. Roughened Endothelial surface of a vessel 2. slow
What are the 3 causes of thromboembolic
flowing blood 3. DIC - Disseminated Intravascular
conditions?
Coagulation
What are the 2 types of anticoagulants? Heparin and Coumarins
What are the 3 types of Blood Coagulation Tests? 1. Bleeding Time 2. Clotting Time 3. Prothrombin Time