Waste Water Sanitation and

Solid Waste Disposal

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 Waste Water Sanitation and Solid
Waste Disposal
Wastewater Sanitation
Wastewater Sanitation means promoting health through prevention of
human contact with the hazardous wastes. Hazards can be physical,
biological or chemical agents of disease.

Mixture disharges
River from ouall

Mixture flows
over weir (dam) Mixture of
to river when rainwater
capacity exceeded & sanitary
wastewater
Combined Sewer

To wastewater treatment plant

(mixture of rainwater & sanitary wastewater)

Wastewater Collection
 In general, a collection system is located at or near the point of
wastewater generation to receive one or more wastewater streams
and direct these streams to treatment and/or storage systems.

 Waste water streams from different points throughout the

industrial facility normally enter the collection system through
individual drains or trenches connected to a main sewer line.

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  The drains and trenches are usually open to the atmosphere.
Junction boxes, sumps, trenches, lift stations, and weirs will be
located at points requiring waste water transport from one area or
treatment process to another.

Wastewater Treatment

 It is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and

household sewage.

 It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove

all (physical, chemical and biological) contaminants.

 Its objective is to produce a waste stream suitable for discharge or

reuse back into the environment.

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Reuse of Wastewater
Urban reuse: For irrigation of public
parks, school yards, highway, residential
landscapes, for fire protection and toilet
flushing in commercial and industrial
buildings.

Agricultural reuse: Irrigation of

non-food crops (fodder and
fibre), nurseries, and pasture
lands. High-quality reclaimed
water is used to irrigate food
crops.

Recreational
impoundments:
Ponds and lakes.

Environmental reuse:
Creating artificial, natural
wetlands, and sustaining
stream flows.

Industrial reuse: Process water and

cooling tower water.

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Solid Waste Disposal
Disposal of solid waste can be done by landfills, recycling, composting
and conversion to biofuels. Daily cover also minimizes odour emissions
and reduces windblown litter.

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Open Dumping

Advantages: Disadvantages:
Inexpensive  Health-hazard - insects, rodents, etc.
 Damage due to air pollution
 Ground water and run-off pollution

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Recycling
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Key to providing  Expensive

a livable  Some wastes cannot be recycled

environment for  Technological push needed

the future  Separation of useful material from

waste difficult