Government of Karnataka

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EXAMINATION

THE OXFORD POLYTECHNIC

Recognized by Government of Karnataka
&
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
1ST Phase, J.P. Nagar, Bengaluru-560078

SYNOPSIS REPORT ON
SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE INJECTION KIT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the year
2017-20178
“5th Semester”

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY:
1. SIDDAROOD BIRAPPA KARACHURI

2. VIVEK KUMAR SHARMA

3. B CHANDRA SHEKAR REDDY
4. SYED SHAQUIB
5. KIRAN C
6. SAIF ALI
7. PREM KUMAR

LOG SHEET
 TITLE: SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE INJECTION KIT

SL NO WORK DATE SIGNATURE

1. SEMINAR
REGARDING
PROJECT WORK

2. BATCH FORMATION
AND GUIDE
ALLOCATION

3. IDENTIFICATION
OF PROJECT

4. PROJECT SYNOPSIS
SUBMISSION

5. FINALIZATION OF
PROJECT

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMET PRINCIPAL

 SYNOPSIS ON

SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE

INJECTION KIT
 OVERVIEW:

I. OBJECTIVES

II. FEATURES OF SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE

III. TECHNICAL DETAILS

IV. INNOVATIVE AND USEFULLNESS

V. BLOCK DIAGRAM

VI. PROCEDURE FOR THE OPERATION OF THE RELAY USING

VOLTAGE INJECTION KIT

VII. APPLICATIONS
 I. OBJECTIVE
This project aims at developing a Single-Phase Voltage Injection Source which
can be used for operating, maintaining, and testing protective relays and protection
circuits. Reclamation protective relays and associated circuits must be properly
maintained and tested to ensure proper protection of power plants and switchyard
equipment and systems. Protective relaying must function properly to protect the electric
power system as well. To test these relays we need a voltage injection kit.

This is a portable testing kit in one unit suitable for testing protective relay over current
relay earth fault relay protective device, circuit breaker, tripping coils etc. The set is
designed for both laboratory and field use.

II. FEATURES OF SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE

To test voltage sensing relays, we need a voltage injection source. The voltage
injection source has the following features.

 Single phase voltage source consists of auxiliary supply voltages such as 110V
DC, 220V DC, 110V AC and 220V AC. This supply is required by the measuring
circuit of the relay to operate. In a practical protection scheme, this supply is
derived from the station battery. Some electrochemical relays may not need
auxiliary supply.
 Single phase variable AC output voltage (0 to 270V AC) with an output switch.
Either nominal voltage or fault voltage can be chosen by using this output switch.
 Time interval meter with built in START, STOP inputs and external RESET input.
The timer starts whenever the fault output voltage is switched on by operating the
rotary switch. The No or NC output contact of the relay under test has to be
connected to the appropriate STOP input terminals of the timer so that when the
relay trips the timer stops. This helps in measuring the operation time of the relay.
 Voltmeter gives both fault voltage and nominal voltage.
III. TECHNICAL DETAILS
INPUT: 230Volts 50Hz, Single Phase, AC Supply
OUTPUTS:
1) AC Voltage Output:
a) 110VAC
b) 220VAC
c) Continuously variable 0-270V AC
2) DC Voltage Output:
a) 110VDC
b) 220V DC
3) Time Measurement:
a) Auto ranging: 1 to 9999sec at 0.05% Accuracy
b) Fixed ranges: 9999sec, 9.999sec, 99.99sec, 999.9sec
4) Metering:
a) Digital Voltmeter: Basic Range- 0 to 600V AC at +/- 10% Accuracy of full
range.

IV. INNOVATIVE AND USEFULLNESS

An injection tester is normally used to check the operation and condition of primary and
secondary equipment on the power systems. Some benefits and features offered by this
source are:

1. Correct operation of the protection scheme

By using secondary voltage injection source, secondary injection tests are
conducted to prove the correct operation of the protection scheme.
2. To test different types of relays
With the help of the voltage injection kit we can test different relays like
electromechanical relays, static relays, numerical relays, etc.

3. Fault voltage detection

The kit ensures the fault voltage measurement which will trip the relay
coil.
 4. Accurate tripping time
Accurate tripping time of the relay coil can be known whenever a fault
voltage is fed.
5. Portability
The kit is compact in size and is portable to take it from one place to
another.

V. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig: Block Diagram of Single Phase Voltage Injection Kit

Single phase A.C supply is fed to the voltage injection kit and with the help of
rotary switch voltage is given to different components. The rotary switch will be
connected to auxiliary PT through auxiliary supply switch which in turn will give ac or dc
voltage for the components of the microprocessor as well as nominal voltage for the
operation of the relay. From that rotary switch, it will be connected to auto transformer,
timer and voltmeter and further connected to rotary switch 2 which will feed either
nominal voltage or fault voltage to the relay. When this rotary switch 2 will be on 1 st
position, nominal voltage will be fed to the relay but at this time voltmeter will display
only nominal voltage and timer circuit won’t start counting. As soon as the rotary switch
will be rotated to 2nd position the fault voltage will be set using an autotransformer which
is to be fed to the relay and by this time voltage will be measured and timer circuit will
start counting the time.
VI. PROCEDURE FOR THE OPERATION OF THE
RELAY USING VOLTAGE INJECTION KIT

 Connect the mains cord provided at the back side of the panel to 230V, 50Hz
single phase power supply through a 5A socket.

 If NC contacts of the trip relay are not used for stopping the time interval meter
then short the external stop (NC) contacts of the voltage source using a patch
cord.

 Select the auxiliary supply voltage as per specifications of the relay under test.
Connect this auxiliary supply to the relay under test using patch cord. In some
electro mechanical relays, auxiliary supply may not be required.

 Reset the relay under test by operating its RESET key and ensure that its trip
indicator is not showing.

 While testing under voltage relays, connect nominal voltage (110V AC or 220V
AC depending upon the relay specification) available under auxiliary supply to
the nominal voltage input terminals. After this connection is done, the output
rotary control switch be operated to output either nominal or fault voltage.

Note: NO means Normally Open and NC means Normally Closed. A relay is said to be
NO when it has open circuit across its terminals in un-energized state. Similarly a relay is
said to be NC when it has a short circuit across its terminals in the un-energized state.
When the relay is energized, the NO contact closes whereas the NC contact opens.

VII. APPLICATIONS
Protective devices such as relays, overload coils and circuit breakers must be
checked on installation and at regular intervals while in service to ensure that they are
always ready to operate correctly if any fault occur in the equipment’s that they are
 protecting. Routine Voltage injection testing will quickly detect faulty or incorrectly
adjusted protection devices. Also, it will possibly prevent serious damage to plant
equipment and maybe injury to personnel.

The Voltage injection kit is suitable for all these applications and particularly for
testing protective relays, including microprocessor based relays.

As well as checking that a protective device functions correctly, it is usually

necessary to measure its operating time. This kit has its own built-in timer unit with the
option of control by a remote pushbutton.

VIII. REFERENCE
 www.electricalengineeringportal.com
 www.electricalsforu.com
 Switching in Electrical Transmission and Distribution Systems by Rene
Smeets, Lou van der Sluis, Mirsad Kapetanovic, David F. Peelo, Anton
Janssen.

 Protection of Substation Critical Equipment against Intentional

Electromagnetic Threats by Vladimir Gurevich.