Adeyemi's Final Project

CHAPTER 1
GENERAL BACKGROUND
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The term ‘project’ simply refers to research projects at undergraduate level which engage
students in research and inquiry at the end of their undergraduate or bachelor program.
‘Dissertation’ is a research project usually at Postgraduate level (Masters) and ‘thesis’ is
usually reserved for Doctoral level research projects. Final year project primarily is meant to
provide opportunity for students to synthesis and apply their knowledge and experiences from
their whole program. It helps them to negotiate successfully the transition to the next stage of
their career, whether to the workplace or further study.
Final year undergraduate projects represents an important opportunity for students to use their
own initiative to select a topic, methodology, writing style, way of working and presentation
format that aligns with their interests, personal and career goals, discipline and course
requirements, and the changing world around them. To encourage students to use their
initiative, project guides often give minimal guidance about the range of possible forms a
project can take. For some students, however, this lack of guidance can actually close down
their choices since they automatically assume that what is required is a formal piece of
writing that echoes the style and approach of the textbooks and journal articles of their
discipline. To give students genuine choice in tailoring what they produce to their own
specific abilities, interests and goals, one approach is to be explicit about which aspects of a
project are ‘essential’ and what possibilities and opportunities are available. The essential
aspects, such as being an extended piece of work, being research based and being
underpinned by literature are the features that make a project a project.
Why is a project compulsory for the final year undergraduate student?
One can venture to suggest that there are three major reasons why the final year project was
designed. First, it is meant to train undergraduate students in the basics of independent
research work and the writing up of the outcome of such work. Second, it is aimed at
teaching students the ethics and discipline of academic investigations and research work.
Third, it is expected that the project will stimulate the students to identify some relevant
problems in their field of study, which they will like to tackle as part of their investigation; in
the alternative, they may wish to follow up on previous work done (either published or in
previous, unpublished projects), particularly where specific recommendations for further
work were made. Fourth, lecturers in the students’ department may suggest relevant problems
for them to work on. In essence, the work undertaken for the project is meant to be problem-
solving oriented. Above all, it is essential that both the investigation and write-up are
done with a high level of integrity and transparency. (Sowunmi 2014: 2).
It is worthy of note that final year projects are meant to engage students in research and
inquiry at the end of their undergraduate or bachelor programme. However, bearing in mind
the peculiarity of the nature of our department (i.e. Science and Arts), I hereby recommend a
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more flexible but equally robust approach to the design and assessment of final year projects
to meet the needs of students from diverse subject areas and types of institution.
1.2 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN: Geography
Location and size:
The University of Ibadan is located in Ibadan North Local Government, Ibadan the Capital
city of Oyo State, having a co-ordinate of Latitude 7.4414640N and Longitude 3.8952020E as
seen in Fig.1.1-1.4. Ibadan has the largest metropolitan geographic area with Co-ordinate of
7023’47”N 3055’0”E / 7.396390N 3.916670E and it is the third largest by population, in
Nigeria, after Lagos and Kano, with a population of over 3.2 million. The name of the city
‘Ìbàdàn’ is a Yoruba word meaning (Ìlú) Ẹ̀ bá-Ọ̀dàn, i.e. (the city at) the edge of the
savannah.
Drainage:
The city of Ibadan is naturally drained by four rivers with many tributaries: Ona River in the
North and West; Ogbere River towards the East; Ogunpa River flowing through the city and
Kudeti River in the Central part of the metropolis. Ogunpa River, a third-order stream has a
channel length of 12.76 km and a catchment area of 54.92 km2. And It is located at the edge
of the savannah
Topography:
Ibadan is located in south-western Nigeria, 128 km inland northeast of Lagos and 530 km
southwest of Abuja, the federal capital, and is a prominent transit point between the coastal
region and the areas to the North. It is the third largest metropolitan area, by population, in
Nigeria, after Lagos and Kano, with a population of over 3 million Ibadan is also the largest
metropolitan geographical area. Ibadan had been the centre of administration of the old
Western Region since the days of the British colonial rule, and parts of the city's ancient
protective walls still stand to this day. The principal inhabitants of the city are the Yorubas.
Climate:
Ibadan has a tropical wet and dry climate with a lengthy wet season and relatively constant
temperatures throughout the course of the year. Ibadan’s wet season runs from March through
October, though August sees somewhat of a lull in precipitation. This lull nearly divides the
wet season into two different wet seasons. November to February forms the city’s dry season,
during which Ibadan experiences the typical West African harmattan. The mean total rainfall
for Ibadan is 1420.06 mm, falling in approximately 109 days. There are two peaks for
rainfall, June and September. The mean maximum temperature is 26.46 C, minimum 21.42 C
and the relative humidity is 74.55%.
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1.3 THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN: A brief history
The University of Ibadan is the first university to be set up in Nigeria. It was established as a
college of the University of London in 1948, and later converted into an autonomous
university in 1962. It has the distinction of being one of the Premier educational institutions
in Africa. It started off as the University College, Ibadan (UCI) which was founded in 1948,
occupying, at first, and the old site at Eleyele. It later moved to the new site which covered
over 2,550 acres of land. The site was generously leased by the Chiefs and people of Ibadan
for 999years. The establishment of the University could be traced directly to the reports in
1945 of the Asquith and Elliot Commissions which were set up by the British Government in
1943. Equipment was transferred to the university from its sub-university status forerunners,
the Yaba Higher College, (established in 1930). There were 104 foundation students
(including 49 students in teacher training and survey courses) who began their courses at
Ibadan on 18 January 1948. The formal opening took place on 25 March, 1948.
In February 1945, London University allowed Ibadan its special relationship scheme. Arthur
Creech Jones, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, and an influential member of Elliot
Commission, cut the first sod at the permanent site of the University College on 17
November, 1948, which thereafter became the Foundation Day. With the expansion of
facilities at Ibadan, the number of students offered admission increased year by year until
today.
1.4 HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND

ANTHROPOLOGY
The processes which led to the establishment of what is today the department of Archaeology
and Anthropology date back to 1946, when, as a post-graduate student, Kenneth Onwuka
Dike (later Professor of History and the first Nigerian Vice-Chancellor of the University of
Ibadan), discovered the potentials of archaeology in providing the missing time-depth to
Nigerian history. This discovery came as he read an article by none other than Thurstan
Shaw, who was to become the founding Head of the department of Archaeology (as it first
was).
Motivated by his patriotic and scholastic determination to have archaeology established at

Ibadan, and with commendable ingenuity, Professor Dike, who had then become Vice-
Chancellor, ensured that a research professorship in Archaeology was one of the three to be
created in the Institute of African Studies. This was the first step towards the establishment of
a department of Archaeology. Thus, in 1963, Professor Thurstan Shaw, was appointed to that
research professorship as well as headship of the Archaeology Unit at the Institute of African
Studies.
Through the personal conviction and dogged efforts of Professor Shaw, Senate and Council
approved the establishment of the department of Archaeology, in the Faculty of Science for
the 1970/71 session. The department owes its appropriate location in the Faculty of Science
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to the incisiveness, vision, and insight of Professor Shaw. This is a remarkable departure
from tradition. At its inception, the department had 15members of staff, made up of six
academic, six technical, two administrative/secretarial and one field personnel. These had all
been staff members of the Archaeology Unit.
The approval for the establishment of the department (Fig. 1.1) came too late for the
admission of students for 1970/71 session. However, some of the staff members gave lectures
on the Prehistory and Archaeology of Nigeria, and the Archaeology of Africa from the
seventh to the sixteenth centuries, to second and third year students in the department of
History during that session.
The first set of Archaeology students was admitted in October 1971. This foundation set
comprised sixteen 100 level and two postgraduate students. Single Honours and Combined
Honours (with Geography, Islamic Studies, History, and Religious Studies) Courses in
Archaeology were offered, as well as Subsidiary Courses in Archaeology for students of the
Faculties of Science, Arts and the Social Sciences. M.Sc. Courses were also offered, and
there was one Ph. D. student. At the initiative of the last Professor Bassey Andah, the first
Nigerian Head of the department. Courses in Cultural Anthropology were introduced. In
1982/83 the first set of students who graduated with Honours the name of the department was
changed to the present one, to reflect the introduction of degree Courses with Botany,
Geology, and Zoology were introduced.
1.5 PHILOSOPHY OF THE DEPARTMENT
The guiding philosophy of the department has been the following:
 To ascertain the cultural and natural heritage of the Nigerian peoples with a view to:
 Shed light on how they interacted with one another and the rest of the environment
from the earliest time known;
 Explore how such insights might contribute to the promotion of national unity and
identity, self-reliance and ecologically sustainable development.
1.6 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS & NOTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS
The department has at various times collaborated with Archaeologists in the University of
Benin, Cotonou. There is an ongoing research project, on the vegetation history of the
Nigerian rain forest, between the department and colleagues at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe
University Frankfurt, University of Angiers, France and the University of Benin, Cotonou.
The Editorial and Business Offices of the West African Journal of Archaeology are located in
the department. The pioneer Editor-in-Chief was Professor Shaw who was succeeded by the
late Professor Bassey Andah. The latter remained Editor-in-chief until his demise in
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December, 1997. The West African Regional Office of the World Archaeological Congress is
located in the department.
1.7 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY
The aim of this research is to assess the extent of the impact of undergraduate students of the
department of archaeology on the society using the year 2000 to 2007 as a case study.
1. The geographical spread of undergraduate projects of the department of archaeology,

university of Ibadan in terms of the areas of concentration of the projects over the
years. This will give us an understanding on the area(s) that have been over
researched.
2. The period concern in order to make us know whether we are in the right direction.
There seems to be too much emphasis on lack of awareness on the part of the Nigerian public
and the need for Archaeology to be taught at all levels in Nigerian education system and other
tertiary institutions without Archaeology department. However, research project by
undergraduates is a major way which allows for a wide range of innovative practice across
higher educational sector through its impact if well spread – but not restricted to only a
particular region - could help in persuading the people to want to embrace more and as a
result leave the Government with little or no choice than to implement the bill suggesting its
endorsement to be taught at all levels of Nigeria education.
Archaeology research in conjunction with other discipline sought to address the problem of
underdevelopment in Nigeria .e.g. Studies were conceived and initiated into the history of
culture and technology of Nigeria in order to advance claims for alternative, in-ward looking
economic development (Ogundiran 2002:22). In order words, the classification of the
projects by types explains a wide range of innovative practice across the higher education
sector, result into an impact in the society that is limitless. As with most academic disciplines,
there are a number of sub-disciplines in Archaeology. These are:
 Historical archaeology: The study of the past using both material evidence (artifacts
and their contexts) and documentary evidence (maps, photographs and film)
 Prehistoric archaeology: It concerns itself with societies that did not have writing
systems.
 Settlement archaeology: The study of societal relationships using archaeological
data.
 Ethno-archaeology: The study of modern societies resembling extinct ones of
archaeological interest, for archaeological purposes
 Industrial archaeology: It focuses on the preservation of material relics of the
Industrial Revolution or the archaeology of work
 Environmental archaeology: It studies the long-term relationship between humans
and their environments
 Archaeo-zoology: It studies animal remains in human settlements
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 Archaeo-botany: It studies human-plant interaction in the archaeological record
 Forensic archaeology: which is based on the application of archaeological techniques
to criminal investigations
 Museum studies: which is based on display and interpretation of past remains for the
public
Few of the many other aspects of archaeology that is not very much concentrated on here in
the department includes:
 Modern archaeology: which is the study of modern society using archaeological

methods
 Maritime archaeology: which studies submerged archaeological sites, including
shipwrecks as well as settlements that have been engulfed by bodies of water
 Pseudo-archaeology: which interpretations of the past from outside of the academic
archaeological community, which typically also reject the accepted scientific and
analytical methods of the discipline
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CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODS OF STUDY
2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Like the Anthropologist says, Archaeology without Anthropology is like a blind man with
one eye. This research project is relatively different from the way project over the years has
been. Its focus is concentrated on the internal (within the department) challenges using
statistical tools to overview projects and see how much impact such a project can make in
promoting archaeology in Nigeria and the whole world at large. And I hope you will agree
with me after this research that Archaeology without statistics makes the one-eyed man be
short-sighed. Suffice to say, No interpretation is possible without the statistical analysis. As a
result, the textbooks available are write-ups on the history of the development of archaeology
in Nigeria. Archaeology is probably one of the most misunderstood disciplines by many
people including those in the citadel of learning and in the town. In the past, people had
referred to archaeologists as grave diggers or those who study rubbish (Folorunso, 2007).
This is because there are many different ideas people have about the past and usually several
interpretation of the same data and definitely more than one answer to the same question
According to Ogundiran (2002:15), ‘the establishment of the archaeological Research Unit

within the Institute of African Studies in 1962 was a product of the realization that
archaeology has important roles to play in the newly independent Nigeria’... ‘The
Universities at Ife and Nigeria (Nsukka) soon joined Ibadan in the appointment of
archaeologists to academic positions. These early academic archaeologist were originally
housed either within departments of history or in the Institute of African Studies.
Archaeology if properly harnessed has the capacity of contributing to National development.
It is the source for the unwritten history of many African nations that had been told did not
have history. A people without history, is a people that is lost… Archaeology has proven that
Africa has history and an enviable history for that matter (Folorunso, 2007).
According to Ogundiran (2002), ‘the archaeological research in Nigeria began as part of the
legacy of the British Colonial rule, but the institutionalization of archaeology as a
pedagogical discipline was a product of the nationalist historiography that developed in
Nigeria during the later 1950s’. However, Mick Healey (2013) attempted to describe the
essential features that make a project a project rather than another form of work. Whatever
form a project or piece of work takes, and whether undertaken on campus, in the workplace
or community, characteristics such as the following make it a project:
Characteristics of final year projects
 It should be an extended piece of work: This means that the project tackles a central
question or issue in depth which the students take ownership of. All sections of the
final year project relate to the same issue rather than being a collection of unrelated
essays. The size depends on the contribution it makes to the final year marks e.g. this
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project being a 6units course (The highest single unit course throughout all the
departments in the institution).
 It should be relevant to a discipline or take an interdisciplinary approach: There are a
great variety of approaches to research, but central to these is a desire to find out
something significant about ourselves, our society, our culture, our environment or
other aspects of our world. Research can be qualitative, quantitative, laboratory or
design-based, artistic, ethnographic, participative, action research, research ‘on’, ‘for’
or ‘with’ people, first person inquiry, or one of many other scholarly approaches.
 It should be relevant to a discipline or take an interdisciplinary approach: The project
needs to draw from the disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge and skills and
literature that students have gained during their degree, regardless of where the
research takes place, e.g., work or community-based research.
 It should be underpinned by a range of relevant sources: Sources that inform
dissertations and projects include textbooks, journal articles, surveys, interviews,
experiments, secondary data, websites, blogs, tweets, wikis, practice reports and direct
personal experience. What is appropriate depends on the type of final year project and
the purposes that the source is being used for. It should be recognized that all sources
have strengths and limitations, and reflection on the limitations and validity of the
sources used is part of the process.
 It should be contextualized and show recognition of the provisional nature of
knowledge: final year project need to be contextualized through reference to the larger
disciplinary and real world contexts to which it is contributing. They should recognize
that knowledge is uncertain, provisional, and may be contested.
 It should incorporate an element of critical thinking, challenge and evaluation: The
authors of final year project should take a questioning attitude towards the sources
used, the discipline, the data, and/or the social and cultural context, examining,
problematizing and critiquing these as appropriate. The best final year project
challenge and stretch their authors and move them beyond their comfort zone helping
them to discover new things about themselves and their capacities.
 It should be clear what it is contributing: A key part of a final year project is its
contribution to the field being investigated. For some disciplines, it is important that
dissertations go beyond stringing facts together and demonstrate at least some
elements of originality, innovation or creativity, though these are more likely to be the
characteristics of a very good piece of work rather that a minimum threshold
judgement. The originality could, for example, come from the application of a
theoretical framework to new data, the critical evaluation of arguments surrounding a
controversial issue, bringing together of information from multiple sources that have
not been collated in that way before, or applying theory to real-life issues. It is also
important that the experiences of undertaking final year project contribute to the
personal fulfillment of the students.
 It should have a clearly defined and justified methodology: final year project should
be based on a systematic and rigorous methodology, with clear explanation of how
application of the methodology can achieve the purposes and goals of the dissertation.
It should give the opportunity for students to demonstrate the understanding and skills
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that they have developed during their degree programme. Furthermore it should show
an awareness and understanding of appropriate ethical issues in undertaking the
research.
 It should build up to its conclusions and where appropriate have an element of
reflective commentary, including recommendations: final year project should reach a
coherent set of conclusions which relate to both the particular topic and the research
process. A variety of ideas should be considered, leading up to reasoned conclusions
and recommendations, e.g., for future research or policy or practice. In some cases,
critical evaluation can extend to reflection on the personal interests and goals of the
researcher and how they influence the research process. Many disciplines emphasise
the importance of the author presenting evidence-based and argued opinions.
 It should communicate the research outcomes appropriately and effectively: final year
project should be presented in ways which most clearly and effectively communicate
the ideas to the intended audience. For some projects, there may be multiple intended
audiences, for example, a research aimed at policymakers. Most final year project will
incorporate an extended piece of academic writing while some may also include other
forms of writing or other media, such as a report, conference, presentation, website, or
digital story.
As with all characterisations, not every project can be expected to exhibit all of the above
listed characteristics – some are generally applicable, but some are more relevant to particular
disciplines than others. And some are aspirational rather than being a strict requirement. The
intention, though, is for educators to pick, choose, adapt and add to this list according to their
specific discipline, institution and education goals.
2.2 METHODOLOGY
The following methods were employed to achieve the objectives of this project
1. First-Hand information: This involves the use of the primary source (project) for
information. These project booklets were gotten from the department of Archaeology
and Anthropology library, University of Ibadan.
2. Book Review: This is the use of secondary source for available for selection, having
carefully carried out review on books, journals, unpublished works and books such as
students’ handbooks and departmental pamphlets. Some of which were recommended
by my supervisors, some past from past final year project and others were from my
own personal survey of books.
3. Unstructured Interview: This was conducted with the Librarian of the department in
person of Mr. Gbenga Matesun was also interviewed. The interview questions were
related to the chapter two of this project work.
4. Photography: Some pictures of the researcher, interviewees and library were taken to
supplement the information in the project.
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5. Statistical Analysis: This is a method used to bridge the gap between the project
topics, reduce (if not stop) repetition in the choice of type of projects and their choice
of case study.
2.4 RELEVANCE OF STATISTICS AS A TOOL IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL

INVESTIGATION
Archaeologist and social scientist are faced usually with voluminous data. However,
Statistics being a branch of mathematics plays specific and major role in archaeological
investigation
1. It makes archaeologist subject the voluminous data they come across into a
manageable proportion so that maximum and acceptable statement can be derived
from it. In doing this, Statistics can represent the data simplified in Graphical forms
e.g. histogram, Ogive, Cummulative frequency graph etc. however, it is important to
note that it can as well use probability in reducing data through Absolute dating
methods such as radio-carbon method e.g. 2000±200BP.
2. Human eyes can only detect very obvious pattern, rather than small scales that should
be noted. However, application of statistical method helps in aiding the visual
methods of analysis of artefacts in order to avoid/reduce error of replicability and
repetition in visual analysis e.g. the use of Munsell Colour Chart and the Computer
Spreadsheet like Microsoft excel.
3. It can be used in interpreting the data.
4. Statistics help saves time and help make the result reliable
5. It can help determine more characteristics in artefacts in terms of attributes of artifact
i.e. because of these; there is usually a better basis for comparisons of analysis
between two sets of artefacts.
6. It enhances the separation of artefacts into separate categories.
2.5 MAJOR LIMITATIONS OF USE OF STATISTICAL METHODS FOR

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
In an effort to condense data to manageable proportions, there are certain information that
would be lost in the process especially information as regards minute details represented in a
data. And secondly, unless statistical methods are cautiously used, misleading results can be
obtained from the statistical method. This call for carefulness and caution so that result
obtained will not be misleading for the sake of interpretation. Suffice to say, that the result is
a function of our input.
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CHAPTER THREE
DATA COLLECTION AND MAP ANALYSIS
3.1 DATA COLLECTION
Whilst it is no surprise that interviews and questionnaires are the most common techniques,
content analysis, observations and focus groups are usually employed to generate data. This
research gathered its information from past documented projects from the year 2000 – 2007.
Secondary data analysis was uncommon.
Data Collection were not without its challenges as I had to go over the projects ‘not once’ so
that I can be sure all the information in this project of which I got from the Department
Library is ‘very correct and reliable’. This would not have been possible within the time
frame allocated for undergraduate project without the very cooperation of the Assistant
Librarian who was very supportive and understanding by granting me a special access to the
library for my data and later yielded to my request of being ‘locked up in the library’ after
several relentless persuasion.
The data below are arranged and classified based on their ‘Type of Project’, from the year
2000 – 2007.
SETTLEMENT ARCHAEOLOGY
Find place name: Orile-Owu, Osun
Region: South West of Nigeria
Co-ordinates: None
Description: An investigation of defensive ditches and embarkments as tourist attractions
Nature of Site: Stratified
Present location of the finds: Not stated
Finds collected by: Benjamin Adedapo Adegoke. 2000
Literature: Fagan B.M. 1995; Andah B.W & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Swarbrooke John 1995
Find place name: Umuchu town, Aguata LGA, Anambra
Region: South East of Nigeria
Co-ordinates: 70 05’- 70 13’N / 50 33’- 50 58’E
Description: The settlement pattern of Umuchu town
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Finds collected by: Ejikeme Roseann Nonye. 2000
Literature: Okpoko A.I. 1979; Chang, David (eds). 1968; Ucko, J. Peter et al (eds.) 1972
Find place name: Jobele, Iwo-Isin in Irepodun LGA, kwara
Region: North Central of Nigeria
Co-ordinates: 70 46’N / 50 04’E
Description: Indigenous architecture and settlement patterns in Yorubaland
Finds collected by: Adekunle Adegbile Emmanuel. 2001
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 1995; Andah B.W. 1992; Willey, G.R. 1973
Find place name: Njikoka LGA, Anambra
Co-ordinates: 60N / 50 9’E
Description: Architecture and settlement pattern of indigenous areas of Abba town
Finds collected by: Urubusi O.S. 2002
Literature: Aniakor C.C. 1978; Chang F.C. (ed.) 1969; Ude 1988
Find place name: Ngwo, Enugu-North LGA, Enugu
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Solid waste disposal strategy
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Finds collected by: Agwah Maureen Amuche. 2002
Literature: Agu J.O. 1990; Crawford O.G.S. 1953; Ogundele S.O. 1989
Find place name: FIIRO, Oshodi /Isolo LGA, Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Developing and improving indigenous technologies in Nigeria, implications

and applications
Finds collected by: Macaulay Anthony Effiok. 2004
Literature: Anyanwu C.N. 1987; Aremu D.A et al 2001; Okpoko A.I. 1999
Find place name: Epe LGA, Lagos
Co-ordinates: 60 31’N – 60 45’N / 40E – 40 15’E
Description: Settlement pattern and land-use system of Igbo-oye community
Finds collected by: Ladele Ishaq Oluwasegun. 2004
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 1993; Okpoko A.I. 1979; Mabogunje A.L. 1968
Find place name: Dakace village, Zaria LGA, Kaduna
Region: North West of Nigeria
Co-ordinates: 70 30’N – 70 50’N / 80E – 100 30’E
Description: Settlement patterns and architectural traditions of the Fulani people
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Finds collected by: Koledoye Saheed Adeyinka. 2004
Literature: Mabogunje A.L. 1968; Sowunmi M.A. 2001; Ucko P.J. 1976
Find place name: Ilesha, Osun
Description: Defence systems in pre-colonial yorubaland
Finds collected by: Adedeji Tolu A. 2004
Literature: Agbaje-Williams B. 1983; Aremu D.A. & Aleru J.O. 2000; Biobaku S. 1973
Find place name: Orile Ijaye, Oyo
Description: Settlement pattern and environments
Finds collected by: Adebayo Anifat Abolore. 2004
Literature: Aleru J.O. 1998; Folorunso C.A. & Ogundele S.O. 1993; Olonade T.O. 2000
Find place name: Idanre, Ondo
Description: An ethnoarchaeological reconstruction of ancient settlement
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Nature of Site:
Finds collected by: Farayola Kolawole Aderemi. 2004
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 1994; Andah B.W & Okpoko A.I. 1979; Okpoko 1979
Find place name: Ajibode, Akinyele LGA, Oyo
Co-ordinates: 70 46’- 70 52’N / 30 85’- 30 89’E
Description: Settlement patterns of the people of Olodi
Finds collected by: Ogbonna Patience Nkeiru. 2005
Literature: Andah B.W & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Akpobasa J.J. 1990; Chang K.C. 1968
Find place name: Ethiope-East LGA, Delta
Region: South South of Nigeria
Co-ordinates: None
Description: An ethnographic study of the settlement patterns: kokori inland
Finds collected by: Onome-Irikefe Marho. 2005
Literature: Andah B.W. 1982; Ogundele S.O. 1990; Taylor C.C. 1972
Find place name: Ibadan, Oyo
Description: A historical analysis of settlement patterns in Ibadan
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Finds collected by: Hamzat Oladayo Afeez. 2005
Literature: Oyelaran P.A. 1990; Okpoko A.I. 1979; Mabogunje A.L. 1968
Find place name: Benin, Edo
Description: Environment and technology: Indigenous architecture and settlement pattern
Finds collected by: Anochie Henry Amechi. 2007
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 1990; Andah B.W. 1992; Folorunso C.A. 1998
Find place name: Ikenne town, Ijebuland, Ogun
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Architectural form and history of Ijebu-land, Ijebu remo Ikenne (from 1605-
1992)
Finds collected by: Ogunjinrin Oluwafemi Adebayo. 2007
Literature: Andah B.W. 1992; Ajayi J.A. 1976; Ogundele S.O. 1990
RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
Find place name: None
Region: None
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Co-ordinates: None
Description: Archaeological application of Geographical information system (GIS)
Nature of Site: Surface
Finds collected by: Yusuff Akeem Olubunmi. 2000
Literature: Mayor F. 1988; Omoluabi A.D. 1997; Tomlison R. 1984
Find place name: Orile Owu, Ayedaade LGA, Osun
Co-ordinates: None
Description: A preliminary archaeological reconnaissance of Orile-Owu
Finds collected by: Tugele Tiena. 2000
Literature: Agbaje-Williams B. 1984; Alabi R.A. 1996; Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I. 1994
Find place name: Obafemi Owode LGA, Abeokuta, Ogun
Description: Application of Geographic information systems on the archaeological

documentation of Ojere and Ototo Sites
Finds collected by: Adegbite Adeola Oluwaseun. 2007
Literature: Akpobasa J.J. 1994; Aleru J.O. 2006; Koledoye S.A. 2004
17
CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Find place name: Old oyo National park, Oyo
Co-ordinates: 80 15’- 90 00’N / 30 35’- 40 42E
Description: Wildlife and Cultural Resources management in Southern Nigeria
Nature of Site: Collections
Finds collected by: Thomas Adebimpe Aramide. 2000
Literature: Aremu D.A 1999; Andah B.W. 1990; Dixon, J.A. & Sherman P.B. 1991
Find place name: Oredo LGA, Benin City, Edo
Description: Environment and Technology: Benin indigenous Architecture
Finds collected by: Edomwonyi Osaigbovo James. 2000
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 1989; Andah B.W. 1992; Deetz J. 1967
Find place name: Igbo-Ukwu, Anambra
Co-ordinates: None
Description: The role of Archaeology in Intra-National and International relations
Finds collected by: Duru Chibuzo Chimezie. 2000
Literature: Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Andah B.W. et al (eds.); Connah G. 1981
18
Find place name: Itakpe hill, Okene, Kogi
Co-ordinates: 70 35.8’- 70 36.7’N / 60 18.8’- 60 19.7’E
Description: The impact of Iron Ore exploration and exploitation on the natural and social
environment
Finds collected by: Odeniyi Grace Oluwaseun. 2000
Literature: Rockaway J.D. 1995; Weisner D. 1995; Andah B.W. Okpoko A.I. 1994
Find place name: Warri, Delta State
Description: Impact of Crude oil exploration and exploitation on the socio-economic

environment of Warri and its environs
Finds collected by: Ekuke Goddy Oghenero. 2000
Literature: Andah B.W. 1990; Ikpotuko C.O. 1983; Okumagba 1981
Find place name: Ikorodu LGA, Lagos
Co-ordinates: 60 22’- 60 42’N / 20 42’- 30 22’E
Description: Cultural analysis of solid waste management
Finds collected by: Osuntogun Oluwakemi Oluwajuedalo. 2000
Literature: Fagan B.M 1997; Binford L.R. 1978; Omotosho, R.K.O. 1992
19
Find place name: Orile-Owu, Ayedaade LGA, Osun
Co-ordinates: 70 10’- 70 15’N / 40 25’E
Description: Cultural resources management and Tourism development in Orile Owu
Finds collected by: Azeez Rainat Olabisi. 2001
Literature: Andah B.W. (ed.) 1990; Ogundele S.O 2000; Okpoko A.I. 1986
Find place name: Ikogosi warm spring, Ekiti-west LGA, Ekiti
Co-ordinates: None
Description: An assessment of tourism and its contributions to socio-economic

development of the community
Finds collected by: Fagbamila Eyitayo Babalola. 2001
Literature: Andah B.W. 1990; Ouma, J. 1970; Falade O. 2000
Find place name: Aiyedaade LGA, Osun
Co-ordinates: 70 10’- 70 15’N / 40 25’E
Description: Impact of natural and cultural resources on socio-economic development in

Nigeria: Orile Owu and its environs
Finds collected by: Adejobi Olumuyiwa Oladunmoye. 2001
Literature: Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I 1994; Ogundele S.O. 2000; Mabogunje et al 1971
20
Find place name: Old Oyo
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Soil chemistry as it affects the preservation and conservation of cultural

materials
Finds collected by: Adeyinka Solomon Ayoola. 2002
Literature: Soper R.C. 1973; Oyelaran P.A. 1993; Agbaje-William R. 1978
Find place name: Ibadan
Co-ordinates: 70 55’N- 70 27’N / 30 56’E – 40E
Description: Ibadan palaces: cultural resource management
Finds collected by: Modupe Oluwatosin Moronkeji. 2002
Literature: Andah B.W. 1990; Agbaje-William B. & Ogundiran A. 1992; Filani M.O. 1979
Find place name: Badagry Area of Lagos
Description: Mat making technology in Yorubaland
Finds collected by: Kolawole Olusegun Busayo. 2002
Literature: Okpoko A.I. WAJA vol.19; Willet F. 1971; Lawal O.L. 1979
21
Find place name: Owo LGA, Ondo
Description: Management of cultural resources in a rapidly urbanizing environment with

special focus on Monuments
Finds collected by: Ebisemiju Adeola Olamide. 2004
Literature: Akpobasa J.J. 1991; Ogundele S.O. 2000; Okpoko A.I 1986
Find place name: Mushin, Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Preservation of cultural materials: Gold smithing produces
Finds collected by: Adelaja Adekunle Iyabode. 2004
Literature: Akpobasa J.J. 1991; Aremu D.A. 2001; Balogun L.U. 1992
Find place name: Osa Lagoon, Badagry, Lagos
Co-ordinates: 60 22’N- 60 28’N / 20 43’E – 30 22’E
Description: Pre and post-colonial cultural relics of Badagry
Finds collected by: Bello Modupeola Amudalat. 2004
Literature: Folorunso C.A. 1992; Ogundele S.O. 2000; Adeyemi S. 2000
22
Find place name: National Museum Ibadan, Oyo
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Role of museums in cultural development in Nigeria
Finds collected by: Shoyemi Adetoro O. 2004
Literature: Ajekigbe P.G. 2002; Ogundele S.O. 2000; Andah B.W. (ed.) 1990
Find place name: Ile-Ife, Osun
Description: The roles and impact of archaeology in nation building
Finds collected by: Ejele Blessing Ogechi. 2004
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 2000; Andah B.W, et al 1998; Phillipson, D.W. 1985
Find place name: Osogbo, Osun
Co-ordinates: 70 45’ 55” / 40 33’ 24.6”
Description: The significance of material culture in Tourism
Finds collected by: Oyebanji Deborah Oluwakemi. 2004
Literature: Okpoko A.I. 1990; Andah 1990; Aremu D.A. 2001
23
Find place name: Ile-Ife, Osun
Description: The role of Government in the preservation and protection of Endangered

ancient and historical sites
Finds collected by: Omaivboje Agbonmere Valentine. 2004
Literature: Andah B.W. 1982/83; Connah G. 1972; Phillipson D.W. 1985
Find place name: Nigeria
Region: South West of Africa
Co-ordinates: 40N – 140N / 30E – 150E
Description: Public archaeology: the socio-cultural effects of illicit trafficking of cultural

materials in Nigeria
Finds collected by: Etti Oladapo Olutola. 2004
Literature: Andah B.W. 1988; Clark J.D. 1970; Shaw T. 1975
Find place name: Badagry, Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Impact of tourism on Nigeria economy
Finds collected by: Adeniyi Adewale Kolawole Revelation. 2004
Literature: Alabi R.A. 1990; Folorunso C.A. 2002; Ogundele S.O. 2000
24
Co-ordinates: 40N – 140N / 30E – 150E
Description: Archaeology, tourism and National economy
Finds collected by: Odusina Gbenga Solomon. 2004
Literature: Andah B.W. 1990; Aremu D.A. 2001; Olokesusi F. 1987
Find place name: Benin moat, Benin city, Edo
Description: Destruction of cultural heritages in Nigeria
Finds collected by: Aigbefo Louis Ehimare. 2004
Literature: Aremu D.A 1996; Folorunso C.A. 1996; Okpoko A.I. 1990
Find place name: Lagelu LGA, Oyo
Co-ordinates: 70 37’- 70 41’N / 30 91’- 40 2’E
Description: Environmental resources conservation and management
Finds collected by: Oguntoye Oluwatope L. 2005
Literature: Andah B.W. 1990; Folorunso C.A. 2001; Gouldie A. 1980
25
Find place name: Osogbo
Description: The traditional cloth weaving in Yorubaland
Finds collected by: Olayiwola T. Olayinka. 2005
Literature: Shaw T. 1977; Lamb 1975; Trowel M. 1970
Find place name: Benin
Description: Conservation of cultural materials in Nigeria Museum: A study of the storage

and care of objects in Benin National Museum
Finds collected by: Daraojimba Kingsley. 2007
Literature: Okpoko A.I. 2006; Ajekigbe P.G. 2005; Edomwonyi O.J. 2001
Find place name: Lagos
Co-ordinates: 60 22’N – 60 42’N / 20 42’E – 30 42’E
Description: A study of historic sites and monuments: Iga-Idunganran palace of Oba of Lagos
Finds collected by: Olatunde Ganiyat Funmilayo. 2007
Literature: Ajekigbe P.G. 1998; Andah B.W. 1994; Ojo G.J.A. 1971
26
Find place name: Olumo rock tourist centre, Abeokuta, Ogun
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Tourism and its impact on the society economy and environment
Finds collected by: Oluwale S.O. 2007
Literature: Agbaje-Williams B. 1990; Aremu D.A. 2001; Andah B.W. 1990
Find place name: Enugu National Museum, Enugu
Description: Alternative methods to the conservation of cultural materials in Museums
Finds collected by: Ogundipe Oluwaseun A. 2007
Literature: Ogundiran 2002; Edet A.S. 2005; Okpoko A.I. 2006
Find place name: Osun-Osogbo Annual festival
Co-ordinates: 70 45’ 55.5”N / 40 33’ 24.6”E
Description: Tourism development and its socio-economic impact
Finds collected by: Mbanefo Njideka Augustina. 2007
Literature: Andah B.W. 1990; Aremu D.A. 2001; Wenger, S. 1990
27
Find place name: Old Oyo, Ile-Ife & Benin
Region: South West & South South of Nigeria
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Potsherd pavements in Nigeria: comparative studies of Old Oyo, Ile-Ife and
Benin
Finds collected by: Iruvbe Omaye Vincent. 2007
Literature: Agbaje-Williams 1983; Soper R.C. 1978; Willet F. 1960
Find place name: Akinyele LGA (Oyo) and Abeokuta-South (Ogun)
Co-ordinates: Ijaye-Orile: 70 50’N/ 30 45’E Ijaye-Kurunmi: 70 10’N / 30 26’E
Description: Pottery decorations in yorubaland: Comparative studies of Ijaye-orile (Oyo)

and Ijaye-Kurumi (Abeokuta)
Finds collected by: Eyin-ola Emopin Kevin. 2007
Literature: Cardew M. 1970; Ajekigbe P.G. 1998; Folorunso C.A. & Olayinka O.J. 1997
Find place name: Ibadan-Ijebu, Ijebu North-East LGA, Atan, Ogun
Description: Pottery: Continuity and innovation overtime
Finds collected by: Balogun Ibrahim Olanrewaju. 2007
Literature: Ajekigbe P.G. 1998; Ogundele S.O. 1998; Aleru J.O. 2000
28
Find place name: Ijebu-Ode LGA, Ogun
Description: Palaces as repository of cultural heritage-Awujale’s palace
Finds collected by: Hassan Shakirat Yetunde. 2007
Literature: Andah B.W. 1990; Filani,Ukporuko&Aweto 1994; Oyelaran P.A. 1994
Find place name: Old Oyo site, Old Oyo National park, Oyo
Description: Analysis of archaeological materials from 2006 old Oyo excavations
Finds collected by: Omisakin Omotayo Funmilola. 2007
Literature: Allsworth Jones P. 1992; Aleru J.O. 2006; Clarke J.D. 1989
Find place name: Ikorodu LGA, Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Urbanization and destruction of cultural heritage in Ikorodu
Finds collected by: Agbesanmi Oluwatosin Elizabeth. 2007
Literature: Andah B.W & Okpoko A.I. 1987; Ogundele S.O. 2000; Graham C.1991
29
Co-ordinates: 50 05’N / 20 30’E – 50E
Description: A review of Government policy on the nation’s heritage: National commission

for museum and monument (Lagos) and National council for arts and culture
(Lagos)
Finds collected by: Jiboye Olaide Adeola. 2007
Literature: Okpoko A.I. 1990; Andah B.W. 1990; Aremu D.A. 1990
Description: Environment and Technology
Finds collected by: Shittu Olalekan. 2007
Literature: Alabi R.A. 1998; Amusa 1992; Ajekigbe P.G. 1997
Find place name: Asaba, Delta
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Application of Geographic information systems on the archaeological

documentation of Ojere and Ototo Sites
Finds collected by: Adegbite Adeola Oluwaseun. 2007
30
Literature: Aremu D.A. 2001; Da ‘Silva M.C. 1984; Holloway, J.C. 1989
ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Find place name: The Itaakpa rock shelter, Iffe-ijumu
Co-ordinates: None
Description: An ecological evaluation of man, his environment and his subsistence
Finds collected by: Akinyemi O.O. 2000
Literature: Oyelaran P.A. 1998; Butzer K.W. 1994; Shaw T. & Daniels 1984
Find place name: Omi-adio, Oyo
Description: Clay properties and their uses in archaeology
Finds collected by: Apelehin Olaniyi Olajide. 2000
Literature: Ajayi J.O 1981; Grim R.E. 1942; Bradley W.F. 1946
Find place name: Urhobos of Niger Delta area of Nigeria
Co-ordinates: 60 – 60 25’N / 50 15’- 50 40’E
Description: Environmental pollution and indigenous agricultural practices
31
Finds collected by: Obogho Victor Efe. 2000
Literature: Duru M. 1981; Gouldie A. 1986; Ikporuko C.O. 1983
Find place name: Ijaye-orile
Description: A critical examination of the concept of stratigraphy in Archaeological research
Finds collected by: Ayeni Olufemi Olumuyiwa. 2000
Literature: Harris E.C 1979; Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I 1994
Find place name: Agbowo
Description: Solid waste disposal strategy
Finds collected by: Emore Ewhes John. 2000
Literature: Mcbean E.A. 1998; Crutcher & Yardley 1998; Akinola F.O. 1978
Find place name: Warri, Delta State
Co-ordinates: None
Description: An investigation into the impact of Industrialisation of the Natural and Social
Environment in the Niger Delta area
32
Finds collected by: Udo-Iwe Aniesua-Abasi Morris. 2000
Literature: Kenneth F.W 1968; Gouldie A. 1986; Oyelaran P.A. 1994
Find place name: Ewan 1 well, western Niger Delta (by Chevron)
Co-ordinates: 40 6’N / 30 – 90E
Description: Reconstruction of depositional environment of studied section of Ewan 1 well
Finds collected by: Shanu Olufunmilola Adedayo. 2000
Literature: Allens J.R. 1965; Burke F.K. 1972; Payment R.A. 1964
Find place name: None
Region: None
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Anthropogenic contributions to Ozone depletion: causes and effects
Finds collected by: Onogoro Stella Ufuona. 2000
Literature: Akingbade 1991; Johnston 1971; Crutzen 1971
Find place name: Ijaye Orile,
Description: An archaeological study of landuse change and prediction of archaeological

site using GIS aid
33
Finds collected by: Olonade Titilayo Olufunke. 2000
Literature: Adeniran A.A. 1985; Ajiboso O.A. 1987, Samuel J. 1921
Find place name: Ikire, Irewole LGA, Osun state
Co-ordinates: 70 30’- 70 33’N / 40 29’- 40 39’E
Description: Lithostratigraphical and paleoecological study in South western Nigeria
Finds collected by: James Iranola Ayodele. 2000
Literature: Oyelaran P.A. 1992; Butzer K.W. 1972; Burke & Durotoye B. 1970
Find place name: An archaeological site in Saminaka, Plateau state
Description: The palaeoecology of Saminaka, a middle stone age site, Based on Pollen
Analysis
Finds collected by: Sanni Halima Shadiya A. 2000
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 1988; Opadeji O.A. 1998; Butzer K.W. 1964
Find place name: The middle river Ona
Co-ordinates: None
34
Description: The archaeological and geological significance of the late quaternary
superficial deposit of southwestern Nigeria
Finds collected by: Taiwo Adewale Emmanuel. 2001
Literature: Andah B.W. 1979; Burke K.C. 1968; Faniran A. 1986
Find place name: Lagos Island LGA, Lagos

1
Co-ordinates: 50 05’ – 60N / 22 0 – 50E
Description: The impacts of industrial pollution in Lagos state, causes and effects
Finds collected by: Odujebe Abiola Abidemi. 2001
Literature: Herman K. 1980; Osafor R. 1989; Ramsey C.F. & Rickson R.E. 1976
Find place name: Ijaye-Orile
Description: Soil chemistry and how it affects buried archaeological materials in Oyo state
Finds collected by: Alayo Olaniran William Junior. 2001
Literature: Cline M.G. 1949; Forbes R.J. 1957; Oyelaran P.A. 1993
Find place name: Ogba area of Coastal Lagos, Ikeja LGA
35
Co-ordinates: 60 22’- 60 42’N / 40 40’- 40 44’E
Description: Application of 36hysic-chemical methods in environmental reconstruction
Finds collected by: Majekodunmi Samson Oluwatosin. 2001
Literature: Tubosun B.J. 1981; Ojelabi A.A. 1990; Alabi R.A. 1990
Find place name: Warri, Delta
Description: The effect of environmental pollution on indigenous agricultural practices
Finds collected by: Majekodunmi Samson Oluwatosin. 2001
Literature: Gouldie A.S. 1981; Otite & Ogionwo et al 1984; Odu L. 1980
Region: West of Africa
Co-ordinates: 40 – 14’N / 30- 150’E
Description: The study of pollen grains in Honey samples from the Southern Guinea
savannah vegetation in Nigeria
Finds collected by: Jadesimi Adejoke Oyindamola. 2001
Literature: Agwu C.O & Okeke, G.I. 1997; Erdtman G. 1969; Sowunmi M.A. 1988
Find place name: Ikeja LGA, Lagos
36
Description: Impact of industrial waste on man and his Environment
Finds collected by: Okala David Nnaemeka. 2001
Literature: Oyelaran P.A 1994; Sowunmi M.A. 1987; Mabogunje 1978
Find place name: Omi-Adio area, Ido LGA, Oyo
Co-ordinates: 70 25’N / 30 45’- 30 50’E
Description: Clay mineralogy and its importance in ceramic industry
Finds collected by: Ajileye Ayodele Vincent. 2001
Literature: Andah B.W. 1979; Butzer K.W. 1972; Grim R.E. 1942
Find place name: The Nigerian breweries plc, Alakia, Egbeda LGA, Oyo
Description: The effects of industrial wastes disposal on the environment and

archaeological materials
Finds collected by: Tuologbo Victor Ejiro. 2001
Literature: Anozie F.N et al 1978; Bernard Fagg 1977; Aina D.O 1991
37
Find place name: Abeokuta, Ogun state
Description: Anthropogenic impact on natural vegetation and cultural elements in

Abeokuta and its environs
Finds collected by: Ademokun Abiodun Adekoya. 2001
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 1989; Oyelaran P.A. 1994; Andah B.W. (ed.) 1990
Find place name: Odo-Ona, Ibadan, Oyo state
Description: Man’s impact on the hydrosphere: the effects of human activities along
streams in built-up areas
Finds collected by: Dare Thomas Olusegun. 2001
Literature: Akintola F.O 1978; Mabogunje A.L. 1968; Sowunmi M.A. 1987
Find place name: Portland cement Company, Ewekoro, Ogun state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: The environmental impact of mining activities at Ewekoro
Finds collected by: Olateju Oluwatosin Olasunkanmi. 2001
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 2000; Sowunmi M.A. 1998; Akanbi 1992
38
Find place name: Omo-forest reserve, Ibadan
Description: Study of atmospheric pollen grains of forest vegetation
Finds collected by: Oduyebo Olusegun Joseph. 2001
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 1998; Olaleye 1996; Montanaric 1989
Find place name: Ebute-Ilaje (Somolu LGA) and Maroko (Eti-Osa LGA), Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Local sand dredging and its potential effects on the coastal environment
Finds collected by: Sadiq Babatunde Ayokunle. 2002
Literature: Alabi R.A. 1999; Aremu D.A. 2001; Majekodunmi S.O. 2001
Find place name: Etua-Utagba-Uno, Ndokwa LGA, Delta state
Co-ordinates: 50 50’N – 50 70’N / 60 – 60 50’E
Description: The effect of oil pipe-laying on the environment, archaeological and cultural
remains in the Niger-Delta region
Finds collected by: Ogwu Raphael Ochonogor. 2002
39
Literature: Oyelaran P.A. 1993; Andah & Okpoko A.I 1988; Butzer K.W. 1982
Find place name: Olonde, Oluyole LGA, Oyo
Description: Evaluation of quarrying on Environment and archaeological elements
Finds collected by: Akindele Olubukola Titilope. 2002
Literature: Sowunmi M.A et al 2001; Mabogunje A.L. 1997; Andah & Okpoko A.I. 1994
Find place name: Oluyole Estate, Ibadan South West LGA, Oyo
Description: Waste disposal as an environmental pollutant: Impacts on archaeological

elements and the environment
Finds collected by: Brown Ndifreke Glory. 2002
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. et al 2001; Filani M.O et al (ed.) 1994; Grilliand A. 1993
Find place name: Igbeti, Olorunsogo LGA, Oyo
Description: Impact assessment of marble exploration and exploitation
Finds collected by: Akinrogbe Ademola Stephen. 2002
40
Literature: Gouldie A. 1986; Butzer K.W. 1982; Rosen S.I. 1976
Find place name: Ijeshaland, Osun
Description: Impact of Humans on the Natural vegetation and Landforms of Ilesa and its
environs
Finds collected by: Olorunsomo Oluwaseyi Modupe. 2002
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 2001; Agbaje-Williams 1992; Gouldie A. 1994
Find place name: Ogunpa, (Ashi to Challenge) Oyo state
Finds collected by: Olokodana Adetola Aramide. 2002
Literature: Mabogunje A.L. et al 1968; Oyelaran P.A. 1999; Faniran A. 1987
Find place name: Agbabu, Odigbo LGA, Ondo state
Co-ordinates: 60 – 70N / 30 45’E – 50 45’E
Description: The potential environment impact of Bitumen exploration and exploitation
41
Finds collected by: Daramola Olumide Abiola. 2002
Literature: Andah & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Gouldie A. 1986; Meyer R.F. 1987
Find place name: Warri, Niger Delta, Delta state
Description: The effect of Human activities on the atmosphere
Finds collected by: George Akpan Akpan. 2002
Literature: Gouldie A. et al 1985; Osagie J.I. 1997; Iwena O.A. 1995
Find place name: Imope area, Ijebu-ode, Ogun state
Co-ordinates: 60 55’N- 70N / 30 50’E – 30 57’E
Description: Clay mineralogy and its significance in Archaeology
Finds collected by: Oloyede Oluwaseun Adewale David. 2002
Literature: Ajayi J.O. 1982; Grim R.E. 1942; Bradley W.F. 1946
Find place name: Omo forest reserve, Ogun state
Description: Aeropalynology of a rainforest in South western Nigeria
42
Finds collected by: Ogunbamowo Olumuyiwa. 2002
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 1986; Oduyebo O.J. 2001; Ayodele O. 1994
Find place name: Ikorodu oriwu, Lagos state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Degradation of the Rainforest and its implication on the ecosystem
Finds collected by: Enwefah Jennifer. 2002
Literature: Gouldie A. 1980; Kenneth F.W. 1968; Khan S.A. 1986
Find place name: Ibeju-Lekki
Description: Sedimentological analysis on the late quaternary superficial deposit in Lagos
Finds collected by: Asogbon Victoria Abosede. 2002
Literature: Tubosun B.J. 1981; Majekodunmi T.S. 2002; Alabi R.A. 1990
Find place name: Apapa, Area, Lagos
Description: Sedimentological analysis of quaternary environments Southern Nigeria
43
Finds collected by: Ajawara Ikechukwu Stanley. 2002
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 1987; Alabi R.A; Peters S.W. 1987
Find place name: Ewekoro, Ogun state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Environmental impact assessment of Mining activities at Ewekoro,

Southwestern, Nigeria
Finds collected by: Ndukwe Lesley Uchenna. 2002
Literature: Okpoko & Anyanwu 1979; Oyelaran P.A. 1994; Butzer K.W. 1982
Find place name: Sasa-Odo Ona, Ibadan, Oyo
Description: Urban growth and its effect on Ecosystem
Finds collected by: Anthony Goodluck Ijeoma. 2002
Literature: Gouldie Andrew 1994; Ayeni M.A.O. 1979; Mabogunje A.L. 1968
Find place name: Ilaje, Ondo state
Co-ordinates: 60N – 60 20’N / 40 45’E – 50 45’E
Description: The impact of oil exploration and exploitation on plant and animal life
44
Finds collected by: Oyekunle Philip Tunde. 2004
Literature: Olapade E.O. 2002; Gbereru D.A. 1989; Chevron 1996
Find place name: Ado-Odo, Ota, Ogun state
Description: Impact of the industrial activities: Agbara industrial area
Finds collected by: Arabome Samuel Anetor. 2004
Literature: Aremu et al (ed.) 2001; Clark R.B. 1998; Gouldie A. 2002
Find place name: L.A. Adisa Quarry site, Moniya, Oyo state
Description: Impact of human on landscape
Finds collected by: Owolabi Babatunde A. 2004
Literature: Faniran A. 1973; Gouldie A. 2000; Osinbanjo O. 2003
Find place name: Eleyele, Ibadan, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: An assessment of the impact of human activities on Eleyele Lake
45
Finds collected by: Ogoh Lovett Odiri. 2004
Literature: Oyelaran P.A 2003; Sowunmi M.A. 1986; NEST 1991
Find place name: Erhoike-kokori, Ethiope-East LGA, Delta state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: The impact of Gas flaring on the vegetation
Finds collected by: Adjogbe Tobore. 2004
Literature: Aweto A.O. 2004; Ojo B. 2003, Layiwola D. 1994
Find place name: Onitsha LGA, Anambra state
Description: The effect of human activities along River Niger area
Finds collected by: Oyeka Uche Edna. 2004
Literature: Goudie A. 1994; Ebisemiju F.A. 1985; Dike k.O. 1956
Find place name: Akinyele LGA, Oyo
Description: Impact of man’s activities on the vegetation cover of Atan village
46
Finds collected by: Cole Emmanuel Bamidele. 2004
Iiterature: Alabi R.A 1999; Gouldie 2000; Sowunmi M.A. 1991
Find place name: Egbedore LGA, Osun
Description: Impact of humans on landforms: Iragberi and its environs
Finds collected by: Owolabi Fatai Bola. 2004
Literature: Clarke D.B. 1998; Alabi R.A. 1999; Ogundele S.O 2000
Find place name: Osu town, Osun state
Co-ordinates: 70N – 70 34’N / 40E – 40 37’E
Description: Impact of socio-economic activities on the natural vegetation
Finds collected by: Ogunmuyide Oyewale Vincent. 2004
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. et al 2001; Alabi R.A. 1999; Fasola T.R. 2003
Find place name: Osogbo groove, Osun state
Co-ordinates: 70N – 70 34’N / 40E – 40 37’E
47
Finds collected by: Omotosho Omobolanle Omotolani. 2004
Literature: Gouldie A. 1980; Kenneth F.W. 1968; NEST 1991
Find place name: Apata and its environs, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: 70 28’N / 30 52E – 30 36’E
Description: Underground water pollution and its impact on the environment
Finds collected by: Nwakalor Nneka A. 2004
Literature: Isibor R.A. 1997; Azeez L.O. 1971; Adeoye A.M. 1998
Find place name: Ijebu-East LGA, Ogun state
Description: Man’s impact on the natural vegetation: Effects of deforestation in Omo forest
reserve
Finds collected by: Agboola Oluwakemi Esther. 2004
Literature: Aweto A.O 2004; Enabor E.E. 1992; Gouldie A. 2000
Description: Analysis of a sediment core from Ahanve
48
Finds collected by: Ore Omolara Olabanji. 2004
Literature: Tubosun B.J. 1981; Sowunmi 1987; Alabi R.A. 1997
Find place name: Lagos mainland, Lagos state
Co-ordinates: 50 05’N – 60N / 20 30’E – 50E
Description: Impact of man on landforms
Finds collected by: Ejele Blessing Ogechi. 2004
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 1987; Oyelaran P.A. 1994; Gouldie A. 1994
Find place name: Ogunpa, Ibadan, Oyo state
Description: Environmental impact assessment of Drainage: Ogunpa channelization scheme
Finds collected by: Olaleye Olanrewaju Samuel. 2004
Literature: Oyelaran P.A. 1994; Faniran A. 1987; Aweto A.O. 1987
Find place name: Ibadan, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: 70 30.3’N / 30 51.8’E – 30 57.7’E
49
Description: Environmental impact of Tobacco production: British American tobacco
company
Finds collected by: Owoseni Oluwaseun Temitope. 2004
Literature: Ayeni B. 1987; Charles O’brien 1995; Doll E. 1996
Find place name: Orogun-Ojoo, Akinyele LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Man’s impact on physical landscape: Gully erosion
Finds collected by: Popoola Opeyemi I. 2004
Literature: Gouldie A.; Faniran A.F. 1990; Oyelaran P.A. 1994
Find place name: Sabo, Ibadan, Oyo state
Description: Effect of solid waste disposal on the Environment
Finds collected by: Ayase Friday John. 2004
Literature: Akintola F.O. 1986; Mabogunje A.L. 1968; Filani M.O. et al (ed.)
Find place name: Ikorodu LGA, Lagos state
50
Description: Effect of thermal power station on the Environment: Lagos thermal power
plant, Egbin
Finds collected by: Enifeni Yussuff Olalekan. 2004
Literature: Alabi R.A 1994; Gouldie A. 2002; Fagan B.M. 1992
Find place name: Festac town, Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Impact of man on the Hydrosphere: Festac Town River and its environs
Finds collected by: Onyia Chukka Christian. 2004
Literature: Gouldie A. 2002; Uchegbu S.N. 1998; Popoola K.K. 2003
Find place name: Ijaye orile town, Akinyele LGA, Oyo state
Region: South of West of Nigeria
Co-ordinates: 40 50’N / 50E
Description: Past and present role of man in changing the settlement pattern and effect
Finds collected by: Jegede Abiodun. 2004
Literature: Ucko P. 1972; Okpoko A.I. 1979; Chang D. 1968
Find place name: Bodija, Ibadan
51
Description: Butchering at Bodija Abattoir environment and Archaeological implication
Finds collected by: Agbato Funmilayo Oyetola. 2004
Literature: Ogundele S.O 2000; Fagan B.M. 1987; Aremu 2001
Find place name: Ewekoro, Shagamu, Ijebu-ode LGA, Ogun state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Impact of shagamu cement company (WAPCO) on Man and the environment
Finds collected by: Aremu Musbau Ajibola. 2004
Literature: Alabi R.A. Alabi 1999; Ogundele S.O. 2000; Gouldie A. 1994
Find place name: North bank of the main Lagoon, Lagos state
Co-ordinates: 6½0N / 3¼0E
Description: The influence of Environment on Subsistence economy: coconut production in

Badagry
Finds collected by: Adeoye Adefolashade Oluwatoyin. 2004
Literature: Child R. 1974; Fabiyi J.S. 2003; Dede T. 1970
52
Find place name: Odo Ogun village, iseyin LGA, Oyo
Co-ordinates: 70 57’N – 80N / 30 34’E – 30 37’E
Description: An environmental reconstruction of the late quaternary period along upper

Ogun River based on sediment analysis
Finds collected by: Oketola Adegbola Alao. 2004
Literature: Alabi R.A 1990; Tubosun 1981; Petters S.W. 1987
Find place name: Agege LGA, Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Resource recovery in solid waste management in Lagos
Finds collected by: Omisore Ifeoluwa Titilayo. 2004
Literature: Mabogunje A.L 1998; Osinowo F.A.O 2001; Ogungbes 2000
Description: Impact of industrial waste in Lagos metropolis environment
Finds collected by: Lawore Olakunle Samuel. 2004
Literature: Gouldie 2000; NEST 1991; Sowunmi 2001
53
Find place name: Ikorodu, Lagos state
Co-ordinates: 60 37’N – 60 45’N / 30 3’E
Description: Environmental degradation and its effects on subsistence economy
Finds collected by: Akun Stephen Taiwo. 2004
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. et al 2001; Otite & Ogionwo 1994; Alabi R.A. 1999
Find place name: Olushosun landfill site, Lagos state
Description: The effect of solid waste dumping on the environment
Finds collected by: Ojemakinde Olubukola Abiola. 2004
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. et al 2001; Ogundele S.O. 2000; Faniran A. 1982
Find place name: Ibadan North LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Garbage archaeology and ethnography
Finds collected by: Alarape R. Ojuolape. 2004
Literature: Sowunmi et al 2001; Shaw T. 1969; Fagan B.M. 1997
54
Find place name: Egbeda LGA and its environs, Oyo state
Description: Anthropogenic impact on natural vegetation and land
Finds collected by: Azeez Saheed Owolabi. 2004
Literature: Alabi R.A. 1999; Gouldie A. 1994; Sowunmi et al 2001
Find place name: Ajibode, Oyo
Description: Environment evaluation of refuse dump sites
Finds collected by: Ikekhua Osagie Eromosele. 2004
Literature: Ogundele S.O 2000; Akintola F.O. 1978; Gouldie A.S. 1981
Find place name: Shagamu Quarry, Ijebu-remo LGA, Ogun
Finds collected by: Adeyemi M.E. 2004
Literature: Adegoke O.S. 1976; Ogbe F.G.A. 1972; Oyelaran P.A. 1991
55
Find place name: Ekiti LGA, Kwara state, Nigeria
Description: Effect of deforestation on socio-economic activities in Guinea savannah
Finds collected by: Olafemiwa Kolawole. 2004
Literature: Adekunle A.O. 1971; Enabor E.E. (1971); Udo R.K. 1978
Find place name: Akinyele LGA, Oyo
Co-ordinates: 70 37’N – 80 37.19’N / 30 50.3’E – 30 27’E
Description: Geophysical prospecting for the recovery of buried artifact: Ijaye-Orile

abandoned settlement
Nature of Site: Excavated
Finds collected by: Ogunremi Olasunkanmi Afolabi. 2004
Literature review: Alabi R.A 1991; Aremu D.A. 2001; Ogundele S.O. 2000
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Man-induced changes and effects on the catchment areas of ikorodu river and
its tributaries
Finds collected by: Ogunpehin Oluwayemisi Christianah. 2004
56
Literature: Gouldie A. 1980; NEST 1995; Sowunmi 1987
Find place name: Idi-Ayunre, Oluyole LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Effect of traditional farming practices on the Natural Environment
Finds collected by: Popoola Ayodele Kazeem. 2004
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 2000; Keay R.W.J. 1965; Omoniyi A.O. 1992
Find place name: Apete, Oyo
Description: Perception of Environmental problems in Ibadan
Finds collected by: Badmus Omowunmi. 2005
Literature: Obikeze S.D 1986; Cox K.R. 1972; Downs, Rim 1970
Find place name: Ajibode, Oyo
Co-ordinates: 70 46’N
Description: Impact of human activities on natural vegetation
Finds collected by: Kudaisi Tawakalt Olayinka. 2005
57
Literature: Oguntoyinbo J. 1983; Oyelaran P.A. 1994; Andah B.W. 1970
Find place name: Ojoo, Oyo
Description: Ecosanitation and waste management
Finds collected by: Obademi Anuoluwapo Taiwo. 2005
Literature: Gouldie A. 2000; Adebayo Adenike O. 1994; Akintola M.O. 1994
Find place name: Sasa, Oyo state
Description: The impact of Quarrying on man and his environment: ladson quarry
Finds collected by: Alagbe Saheed Abiodun. 2005
Literature: Adebayo A.O. 1994; Fatai B.S. 1985; Olabowale O.A. 1989
Find place name: Ring road, Oyo
Description: Effects of human activities on the atmosphere: Oluyole industrial estate
58
Finds collected by: Adeyemo Oluwayemisi Anna. 2005
Literature: Gouldie A. 2000; Filani M.O. 1994; Frior J. 1978
Find place name: Oluyole-East LGA, Oyo
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Effect of mining activities on buried archaeological materials: Solel Boneh,

Ekefa village
Finds collected by: Adeleke Abiodun Henry. 2005
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 2000; Ayoade J.O. 1994; Olabowale O.A.
Find place name: Mushin, Lagos
Co-ordinates: 60 22’N / 20 42’E - 40 20’E
Description: Impact of industrial activities on the environment: Ilupeju industrial estate
Finds collected by: Akindola Oladapo Akinola. 2005
Literature: Butzer K.W. 1982; Gouldie A. 1986; Mabogunje 1978
Description: The effect of domestic waste management
59
Finds collected by: Otuyo Ibitola Rashidat. 2005
Literature: Akinola R.A.; Burke K.C. 1968; Butzer K.W. 1982
Find place name: Akinyele LGA, Oyo state
Description: The impact of human sanitation practices on the environment
Finds collected by: Adeoye Adenike Olurant. 2005
Literature: Akintola F.O 1987; Faniran J.O. 1994; Sowunmi 2001
Find place name: Warri, Delta state
Description: Socio-economic impact of oil exploration in Isoko community
Finds collected by: Akindehinde Bukola Marufat. 2005
Literature: Michael C. 1981; Oyelaran P.A. 1994; Usman P.A. 1996
Description: Waste disposal and management system
60
Finds collected by: Adu Bamidele Titus. 2005
Project: Sowunmi 2004; Odiete 1992; Akanni C.O. 1992
Find place name: Ogoniland, Niger Delta
Co-ordinates: 70 10’N - 70 30’N / 40 05’E - 40 20’E
Description: Health and environment effect of oil exploration, drilling, and extraction
Finds collected by: Oyewusi S. Oyesiji. 2005
Literature: Aremu 2001; Gbadegesin A. 1999; Odu 1977
Find place name: Sango-ota, Ogun state
Description: Industrial effluents and its impact on the environment: Coca cola plants,
Finds collected by: Isibor Henry Onyejebose. 2005
Literature: FEPA 1988; Thomas Nelson 1972; Washington O.C 1991
Find place name: Monatan, Egbeda LGA, Oyo state
Description: The impact of humans on the vegetal component of the environment
61
Finds collected by: Ibrahim Abiola Aminat. 2005
Literature: Sowunmi 1981; Gouldie A. 1981; Okunmadewa F. 2004
Find place name: Gege, Oyo state
Description: Solid waste management in Ibadan
Finds collected by: Doherty Oluwakemi Opeyemi. 2005
Literature: Burke K.C. 1968; Akintola R.A. 1978; Akinola R.A. 1965
Find place name: Olingan, Bassa LGA, Plateau state
Co-ordinates: 70 11’N - 100 11’ 55”N / 70 25’E - 90 30’ 21”E
Description: Sediments on archaeological sites as excellent past climate indicators
Finds collected by: Abadom Monica O. 2005
Literature: Andah & Okpoko 1994; Sowunmi 2001; Shaw T. 1965
Find place name: Old Oyo, Oyo state
Description: Sedimentological and phosphate analysis of soil sample: Akesan market
62
Finds collected by: Ajayi Ayodeji Oluwatoyin. 2005
Literature: Agbaje-William 1983; Alabi R.A. 1990; Tubosun B.J. 1981
Find place name: Oluyole LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: 70 03’N - 70 47’N / 30 32’E - 40E
Description: Industrialization: A menace to our environment: British-America tobacco

company and lister flour mill
Finds collected by: Ojoawo Adedeji Olusegun. 2005
Literature: Gouldie A. 2000; Smith 1993; Orogun 1998
Find place name: FESTAC town, Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: The impact of domestic waste management on Environment and the

implication for archaeology
Finds collected by: Yusuff Akeem Olubunmi. 2000
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 2000; Odumosu A.O. 1993; Nze C.O. 1997
Find place name: Ayetoro community, Ilaje LGA, Ondo
63
Description: The socio-economic impact of exploration of petroleum
Finds collected by: Adebesin Salami Taiwo. 2005
Literature: Gouldie A. 1986; Sowunmi 1987; Udo R.K. 1987
Find place name: Ibadan City, Oyo
Description: Effect of human waste disposal system on the environment
Finds collected by: Adedoyin Adedayo. 2005
Literature:
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Degradation of rainforest and its implication for the ecosystem
Finds collected by: Akanbi Abiola Medinat. 2006
Literature: Sowunmi 2001; Gouldie A. 2006; Andah & Okpoko 1994
Find place name: Ibarapa central and Iwajowa LGA, Oyo state
64
Description: Impact of charcoal industry on the savanna woodland ecological zone
Finds collected by: Adejumo Adeniyi O. 2007
Literature: Alabi R.A 2004; Gouldie A. 2000; Ogundele S.O. 2006
Find place name: The Old Ibadan toll gate towards Ojoo, Oyo state
Description: Anthropogenic factors leading to the deterioration or destruction of the natural

vegetation along the 10km corridor
Finds collected by: Ogunlende Eniola Olasheni. 2007
Literature: Alabi R.A. 1999; Filani, Ukporuko & Oyelaran P.A. 1994
Find place name: Oluana, Akinyele LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: 70 27.7’N - 70 28.5’N / 60 12.6’E - 60 12.9’E
Description: Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants
Finds collected by: Ashamu Oyeleke Abbas. 2007
Literature: Olapade E.O. 2002; Sofowora A. 1993; Folani M.O. 1994
Find place name: Igbo-Oloyin, Akinyele LGA, Oyo state
65
Description: Human impact on natural vegetation
Finds collected by: Ezemenaka Kingsley Emeka. 2007
Literature: Alabi R.A. 1999; NEST 1991; Sowunmi M.A. 2004
ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGY
Find place name: Ile-ife, Osun state
Description: History and technology of Bead making
Finds collected by: Gbenro Olajumoke Olanrewaju. 2000
Literature: Fagg W. 1971; Willet F. 1967; Adeduntan J. 1985
Co-ordinates: 40N / 40E
Description: An Ethnographical Study of dyeing in Yorubaland
Finds collected by: Suberu A. Olorunseyi. 2000
Literature: Fagg W. 1971; Otite & Ogionwo 1979; Larson J.L 1976
66
Find place name: Ndiowa, Orumba North LGA, Anambra State
Description: An Ethnographical study of technique of production and use of basketry in

Igboland
Finds collected by: Nwafor Onyechuchi Emmanuel. 2000
Literature: Hudges 1964; Ifeomesia C.C. 1979; Onwudofor O. 1981
Find place name: Ipaja, Lagos state
Co-ordinates: 70 14’- 70 07’N / 50 02’- 50 04’E
Description: Blacksmithing in Yoruba
Finds collected by: Akinfolarin Babatunde Stephen. 2000
Literature: Andah B.W. 1979; Aremu D.A 1991; Adeniji D. 1979
Find place name: Iseyin town, Iseyin LGA, Oyo state
Description: Traditional farming systems practices in Yoruba towns
Finds collected by: Nelson-Cole Aramide Omotola. 2000
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 1985; Andah B.W. 1987; Shaw T.
67
Find place name: Ijaye Orile, Akinyele LGA, Oyo
Description: An archaeological investigation into palm oil processing
Finds collected by: Bukola Hamid. 2000
Literature: Folorunso C.A. 1998; Sowunmi M.A. 1998; Ajekigbe P.G.
Find place name: Agoro, Sagbana LGA, Bayelsa
Description: History and Ethnography of Boat making in Ijawland
Finds collected by: Agbalalah Eseimokumoh Hitler. 2000
Literature: M. Duze et al 1977; Egbe life & Dapo Adelugba 1998
Find place name: Majidun, Ikorodu LGA, Lagos
Description: Analytical study of the Indigenous fishing practice among Yoruba
Finds collected by: Anyanwu K.C.. 2000
Literature: Hole & Heizer 1977; Stiles 1977; Chang
68
Find place name: Awe, Afijio LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: 70 42’N / 40E
Description: An investigation into aspects of Yoruba traditional architecture
Finds collected by: Onifade Saheed A. 2000
Literature: Andah B.W. 1992; Johnson S. 1921; Susan D.A. 1978
Co-ordinates: 70 10’N / 4026’E
Description: An ethnographic study of manufacturing and uses of grinding stones
Finds collected by: Fayemiwo Abiola Idowu. 2000
Literature: Andah & Okpko 1994; Aremu D.A. 1985; Thomas Regrogori R. (1975)
Find place name: Apete village, Ibadan, Oyo state
Description: Blacksmithing in Apete
Finds collected by: Olusokun Ajibola Ayodele. 2000
Literature: Fagan B.M. 1975; Stiles D. 1977; Stalisnowki M.B. 1973
69
Find place name: Oke-Ore, Ado odo Ota LGA, Ogun state
Description: An ethno-archaeological study of Blacksmithing
Finds collected by: Nnaji Hope Okechukwu 2001
Literature: Okpoko A.I. 1989; Andah B.W. 1979; Connah Graham 1969
Find place name: Tuomo, Burutu LGA, Delta state
Co-ordinates: 50 10’- 50 20’N / 50 44’- 50
Description: An ethnoarchaeological study of Gin making process
Finds collected by: Bripu Nairobi Elijah. 2001
Literature: Ogundele S.O 2000; Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Alagoa E.J. 1971
Find place name: Ile-Ife, and Benin
Region: South West & Edo of Nigeria
Description: Ethno-archaeological study of the Beadmaking and comparison of its uses
Finds collected by: Omotosho Olubukola Fadekemi. 2001
Literature: Andah B.W. 1992; Fagg W. 1971; Okpoko A.I 1999
70
Find place name: Beere, South East LGA, Ibadan, Oyo state
Description: Architectural technology of Ibadan: past and present
Finds collected by: Adejumo Abiola Aderonke. 2001
Literature: Okpoko 1989; Ogundele S.O. 1995; Andah 1992
Find place name: Alagbado, Ifako Ijaye LGA, Lagos state
Co-ordinates: 70 41’- 70 71’N / 50 21’- 50 41’E
Description: Assessment of the differences and similarities of weaving techniques amongst

the yoruba (Nigeria) and the Ashantis (Ghana)
Finds collected by: Soetan J. Olusegun. 2001
Literature: Andah B.W. 1992; Connah G. 1975; Fagg W. 1971
Find place name: Ewekoro, Ogun state
Co-ordinates: 60 55’- 30 55’N / 30 55’E
Description: The socio-economic impact of exploration of limestone
Finds collected by: Alamu Adeleke Abdul-Azeez. 2001
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 1987; Okpoko A.I. 1997; Gouldie A.
71
Find place name: Owo LGA, Ondo state
Description: Ethno-archaeological research on palm oil production
Finds collected by: Olanisha A.A. 2001
Literature: Andah B.W.; Sowunmi M.A. 1998; Oswalt W.H. 1967
Find place name: Aiyedaade LGA, Osun State
Co-ordinates: 70 10’- 70 15’N / 40 25’E
Finds collected by: Ogerugba Luke Ovigwerie. 2001
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 1999; Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I. 1992; Akinsanmi O. 1975
Find place name: Orile-owu, Aiyedaade LGA, Osun state
Description: Blacksmithing at orile owu Osun state: An archaeological and ethnographic

analysis
Finds collected by: Ijegbai Robert Uaifo. 2001
Literature: Okpoko A.I. 1987; Ogundele S.O. 1995; Aremu, D.A. 1990
72
Find place name: Ijaye, Abeokuta
Description: The effect of oil pipe-laying on the environment, archaeological and cultural
remains in the Niger-Delta region
Finds collected by: Babalola Abidemi Babatunde. 2002
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 1990; Okpoko A.I. 1982; Folorunso C.A. 1981.
Find place name: Ijebu Ode town
Description: The Settlement patterns of Ijebu-ode: An Ethnographical approach
Finds collected by: Okerentugba Thompson Toritseresola. 2002
Literature: Fagan B.M. 1975; Okpoko A.I. 1989; Ucko J. Peter et al (ed.) 1972
Find place name: Ota, Ado-Odo Ota LGA, Ogun state
Description: A study of drum making and its significance among the Otta, Yoruba: An
Ethnoarchaeological approach
Finds collected by: Ayinla H.A. 2002
Literature: Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Sowunmi M.A. et al 2001; Akpobasa J.J. 1975
73
Find place name: Ilora
Co-ordinates: 7½0N / 30 54’E
Description: Ethnoarchaeological study of palm oil processing
Finds collected by: Amoo O. Oluwakemi. 2002
Literature: Ajekigbe P.G. 1989; Andah B.W. 1987; Okpoko A.I. 1989
Find place name: Dunukofia LGA, Anambra state
Co-ordinates: 50N - 70N / 60E - 80E
Description: Ethnoarchaeological study of wood carving with a particular reference to

Ifitedunu
Finds collected by: Akabike Chinyelum G. 2002
Literature: Andah B.W. 1992; Opara O.E. 1992; Sowunmi M.A. et al 2001
Find place name: Imope, Ijebu ode, Ogun state
Description: Ijebu-ode pottery-continuity and innovation overtime
Finds collected by: Sobulo Riyanat Oluwabusola. 2002
Literature: Ojo G.A. 1996; Leith-Ross S. 1972; Fatunsin A.K. 1989
74
Find place name: Ogbomoso, Oyo
Co-ordinates: 80 8’N- 80 15’N / 40 11’E - 40 18’E
Description: Ethno-archaeological study of Blacksmithing in Ogbomoso, Oyo
Finds collected by: Onakanmi Mosebolatan Aina. 2002
Literature: Aremu D.A. 2001; Folorunso C.A. 2001; Connah G. 1969
Find place name: Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state
Description: Foreign impact on Ijebu-Ode architecture: An ethnoarchaeological studies
Finds collected by: Ayotade Omobayode Olasupo. 2004
Literature: Atolagbe A.M.O. 1996; Lloyd P.C. 1964; Ojo G.J. 1966
Find place name: Ijebu North LGA, Ogun state
Description: Ethnoarchaeological reconnaissance of Ijebu-Igbo land
Finds collected by: Afosi Adewale Alex. 2004
Literature: Folorunso C.A. 2001; Ogundele S.O. 2000; Andah B.W. (ed.) 1990
75
Find place name: Aba-Osho, Akinyele LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: 70 30.3’N / 30 51.8’E - 30 57.7’E
Description: Ethnoarchaeological research on production of palm oil
Finds collected by: Sanni Habeebah Adefolahan. 2004
Literature: Gouldie A. 1994; Oyelaran P.A. 1994; Faniyan A.F. 1990
Find place name: Arochukwu LGA, Abia state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Traditional religious practices and their archaeological implication
Finds collected by: Ndu Grace Omoji. 2004
Literature: Andah B.W & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Ogundele S.O. 2002; Shaw T. 1963
Find place name: Sakpo, Badagry town, Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Impact of social development on the culture of a fishing community
Finds collected by: Lanlehin Olaniran Sekoni. 2004
Literature: Mabogunje A.L. 1971; Ogunremi G.O. 1994; Omotayo A.O. 1996
76
Find place name: Badagry, Lagos state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: An archaeological reconnaissance of traditional fishing industry
Finds collected by: Badejo Morakinyo Tunde. 2004
Literature: Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Shaw T. & Wilson D. 1978; Nicolson J. 1979
Description: Ethnoarchaeological survey of sewage and burial sites near wells
Finds collected by: Arueyingbo Dinah Alero. 2004
Literature: Andah B.W. 1988; Aremu D.A. 2001; Folorunso 2001
Find place name: Akoko-Edo LGA, Edo state
Description: An ethnoarchaeological research into indigenous textile industry in Igarra
Finds collected by: Adigbo Christiana Onwenu. 2004
Literature: Shaw T. 1976; Folorunso C.A. 1999; Aleru J.O. 1984;
77
Find place name: Benin City, Edo state
Description: The structures and role of the palace in Benin
Finds collected by: Oghumah P.J. 2004
Literature: Osadolor B.O. 2001; Eweka E.B. 1989; Fagan B.M. 1997
Find place name: Ile-Ogbo, Aiyedire LGA, Osun state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: An Ethnoarchaeological reconnaissance of Ahoro abandoned settlement site
Finds collected by: Ajani Olawale Olufolahan. 2004
Literature: Akpobasa J.I. 1994; Andah & Okpoko 1994; Folorunso C.A. 1995
Find place name: Iseyin LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: 70 95’N / 30 65’W
Description: Socio-cultural significance of local textile in Yorubaland
Finds collected by: Jimoh Kazeem Oluwafemi. 2004
Literature: Connah G. 1972; Okpoko 1981; Mabogunje A.L. 1968
78
Find place name: Ibadan
Description: Nigerian land laws as it affects archaeological studies (A preliminary study)
Finds collected by: Egede Etunum Lateefat. 2004
Literature: Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Dike A. 1983; Ogundele T.O. 2000
Find place name: Egbeda LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Pottery making in kumapayi
Finds collected by: Alonge Adekola Tairu. 2005
Literature: Soper R.C. 1977; Shaw C.T. 1975; Willet Frank 1967
Description: Traditional farming systems and their social implications
Finds collected by: Omeike Augusta Nwakaego. 2005
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. 1981; Gouldie A. 1981; Okunmadewa F. 2004
79
Find place name: Ile-Ife, Osun state
Description: Ethnoarchaeology of Bead making
Finds collected by: Olanrewaju Olayinka quam. 2006
Literature: Willet F. 1967; Okpoko A.I. 1989; Gouldie R.A. 1975
Find place name: Oghe, Ezeagu LGA, Enugu
Description: Shrines and groves on Amankwo: An Ethnographic survey
Finds collected by: Eze Philomena onyinye. 2006
Literature: Eluyemi O. 1975; Onwumelu F.O. 1979; Adewale Thompson 1977
Co-ordinates: 70 26’N - 70 32’N / 40E - 40 04’E
Description: An ethnoarchaeological reconnaissance of an abandoned settlement of Onisade

village
Finds collected by: Mobaghan Edore. 2007
Literature: Sowunmi M.A. et al 2001; Okpoko A.I. 1989; Oyelaran P.A. 1991
80
Find place name: Abafamimu, Oyo
Co-ordinates: None
Description: An ethnoarchaeological study of pre-university of Ibadan communities
Finds collected by: Alabi Akinwale Idowu. 2007
Literature: Adeleke S. 1983; Okpoko A.I. 1986; Ogundele S.O. 2000
HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Find place name: University of Ibadan
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Archaeology: its history and development in Nigeria from earliest attempts up
till 1999
Finds collected by: Agbenro Funmilayo Cecilia. 2000
Literature: Shaw T. 1970; Connah G. 1975; Okpoko A.I. 1983
Find place name: Nigeria,
Co-ordinates: 40 - 140N / 30 - 150E
Description: The History and Development of Archaeology in Nigeria
Finds collected by: Akinpelu Oluwatosin Caleb. 2000
81
Literature: Shaw T. 1978; Dymond D.P. 1974; Connah G. 1975
Find place name: Oyo, Ife & Benin
Region: South West & South South of Nigeria
Co-ordinates: Benin (60 33’N / 50 35’E), Oyo (70N / 30E), Ife (50N / 60W)
Description: Traditional medicine in Nigeria and archaeological evidence
Finds collected by: Nurudeen Olayiwola Ajao. 2004
Literature: Andah B.W. & Okpoko 1985; Andah & Okpoko 1994; Ogbonno D.O 1975
Find place name: Nigeria,
Region: West Africa
Co-ordinates: 40N - 140N / 30N - 150N
Description: A critical evaluation of the History and development of Archaeology in Nigeria
Finds collected by: Olaleye Bamidele Babatunde. 2004
Literature: Ajekigbe P.G. 1998; Andah B.W. 1993; Ogundele 1998
Find place name: Ilesha, Ijeshaland, Osun state
Description: A study in architecture and history of Ilesha
Finds collected by: Alade Toba Ishona. 2007
82
Literature: Andah B.W. 1992; Fagan B.M. 1997; Wright F.K. 1953
Find place name: Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state
Description: Urbanization and the preservation of Historical sites
Finds collected by: Sobowale Oluwabukola Joke. 2007
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 2004; Biobaku S.O. (ed.) 1973; Mabogunje A.L. 1962
Find place name: University of Ibadan, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Knowledge of the public on the archaeological discipline
Finds collected by: Iwelu Prince Chike. 2007
Literature: Nwanna N. 1984; Okpoko A.I. 1986; Sowunmi M.A. 2004
Find place name: Okeho town, kajola LGA, Oyo state
Co-ordinates: 70 59’N - 80N / 30 21’E - 40 34’E
Description: A critical analysis of the Historical and religious significance of ancestral hills,
among the Yoruba people
83
Finds collected by: Ojedokun Usman Adekunle. 2007
Literature: Ogundele S.O. 2000; Andah B.W. 1990; Akinsete M.O. 2000
Find place name: Kogi state
Co-ordinates: 70 27.7’N - 70 28.5’N / 60 12.6’E - 60 12.9’E
Description: A reconnaissance survey in the documentation of archaeological sites using

geographical positioning system
Finds collected by: Zuberu Ilyasu Hammed. 2007
Literature: Habibu A.S. 1993; Idris S.E. 1996; Ogungbemi B.A.F. 2000
Find place name: Ilesha, Osun State
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Defences system in pre-colonial yorubaland
Finds collected by: Fasoyin Olaleye E. 2007
Literature: Fagan B.M. 1997; Akpobasa J.J. 1991; Agbaje-Williams 1983
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Trends in Nigerian archaeology from 1945 till present
84
Finds collected by: Ohio Ebihonmon Rebekah-Flora. 2007
Literature: Shaw C.J. et al 1999; Folorunso C.A. 1997; Aremu D.A. & Aleru J.O. 2000
Find place name: Ibadan North LGA, Oyo
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Perception of archaeology among science teachers in selected senior secondary

schools
Finds collected by: Badmos Olanrewaju. 2007
Literary: Sowunmi M.A. 2004; Okpoko A.I. 1986; Ogundele S.O. 2000
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Find place name: Sagamu town, Ogun state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Conflict and cooperation: A case study of 1999 crisis in Sagamu
Finds collected by: Somotun Olujide Adedayo. 2001
Literary: Otite & Ogionwo 2000; Hobbes Thomas 1975; North R.C. 1972
Co-ordinates: None
85
Description: The conflict of modernity and tradition on AGAN festival in Egosi community
Finds collected by: Olasehinde Tope Emmanuel. 2001
Literary: Otite & Ogionwo 1981; Oke E.A. 1984; Agboola A. 1983
Find place name: Ile-Igbo, Osun
Co-ordinates: None
Description: The social practices of Aaro (Mutual service) and Owe (Gift of service)
among the Yorubas
Finds collected by: Ayodele Oluwasholape Victoria. 2002
Literary: Otite & Ogionwo 1994; Atand J.A. 1988; Bettie J. 1976
Find place name: Mile 12, Market, Lagos
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Delegation of Authority in a multi-Ethnic market in Nigeria
Finds collected by: Ayo-Odugbesan Akinsola Oladipupo. 2002
Literary: Otite & Ogionwo 1990; Mabogunje 1990; Haviland 1990
86
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Non-verbal communication: The use of Aroko symbol as a means of

communication among the Yorubas
Finds collected by: Olaniyi Bosede Oladunni. 2002
Literary: Otite & Ogionwo 1979; Awe B. 1967; Victor T. 1967
Find place name: Odo-Owa, Oke-Ero LGA, Kwara state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: The archaeology of Ash-mound
Finds collected by: Foster-Aileru Anthony Olaolu. 2004
Literary: Aremu 1984; Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I. 1994; Fagan B.M. 1997
Find place name: Ikole LGA, Ekiti state
Description: Socio-Cultural significance of Isinmole Festival
Finds collected by: Famoroti Iyabode ‘Tolagbe. 2004
Literary: Aremu J.K. 1985; Aremu D.A. 1982; Edward Taylor 1871
87
Description: An appraisal on recycling of industrial waste: Nigerian Breweries plc, Alakia
Finds collected by: Odinigweh Kelechi Charles. 2004
Literary: Gouldie 1981; Filani M.O. et al 1985; Sowunmi 1989
Find place name: Alakia, Oyo state
Description: How Nigerian breweries recycles their industrial waste: Nigeria Breweries plc
Finds collected by: Asiegbu Obiora Nnaemeka. 2005
Literary: Gouldie A. 2000; Oyelaran P.A. 1994; Smith 1989
Find place name: Badagry LGA, Lagos
Description: An urban Ethno-archaeological study of Topo settlement pattern
Finds collected by: Olayiwola Olatunde Saheed. 2005
Literary: Ogundele S.O. 1989; Alabi R.A. 2001; Folorunso C.A. 1998
Find place name: Ajibode, Akinyele LGA, Oyo state
88
Description: Ethnobotanical significance of Medicinal plants in Ajibode
Finds collected by: Adedoyin Abidemi Adetokunbo. 2005
Literary: Aremu 1989; Filani M.O. 1994; Olapade E.O. 2002
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTIFACTS
Find place name: Ajibode, Ogun state
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Analysis of Excavated materials from Ademu: Abandoned site in Ajibode area
of Ibadan
Finds collected by: Oyeyemi Oladapo Julius. 2001
Literature: Okpoko A.I. 1987; Ogundele S.O. 1995; Aremu D.A. 1990
Find place name: Ijaye-Orile, Akinyele LGA, Oyo
Description: Classification and analysis of excavated materials from refuse mounds, Square
Finds collected by: Ijomanta Ayesha Anyaku A. 2007
Literature: Folorunso C.A. & Olayinka O.J. 1997; Andah B.W. & Okpoko A.I. 1994;
Sowunmi M.A. et al 2001
89
Find place name: Ijaye-Orile and Old Oyo
Co-ordinates: None
Description: The significance of Grinding stones to archaeological studies
Finds collected by: Ijekpa Onyeoma Oduenyi. 2007
Literary: Shaw T. 1977; Connah G. 1989; Aleru J.O. 1998
Co-ordinates: None
Description: Perception of archaeology among science teachers in selected senior

secondary schools
Finds collected by: Badmos Olanrewaju. 2007
Literary: Jackson M.L. 1962; Bates 1954; Cardew M.A. 1970
90
3.2 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD
OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT
Maps indicating the geographical position of the Case Study of Project Research of the
Final Year Students (2000 - 2007) of the Department of Archaeology, University of
Ibadan.
Fig.3.1: A Map showing the Summary of Case Study of Project Research of the Final
Year Students (2000 - 2007) of the Department of Archaeology, University of Ibadan.
Source: https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zXlHwahAtWFU.k9pC6DxreaNI
KEYS ON THE MAP REPRESENTING EACH YEAR:
2000 – RED
2001 – YELLOW
2002 – GREEN
2004 – BLUE
2005 – BLACK
2006 – WHITE
2007 – PURPLE
91
Analysis and Interpretation on the Geographical Spread of the Research projects as in
Fig.3.1
In order to place the area used as a case study on the map there is need to use a certain co-
ordinate (70 25’N / 30 45’E) value rather than that of the co-ordinate having range of values
(70 14’- 70 07’N / 50 02’- 50 04’E). As a result, the lower boundary mark was used to locate
point on the Map.
It can be deduced from map that some of the supposed co-ordinate points on the Map are
wrong. This is the reason for outliers being indicated outside the Map of Nigeria (bearing in
mind that the entire research project was carried out in Nigeria). Suffice to say, it is expected
of a graduate to get information from reliable sources rather than ‘cook up’ stories to make up
mere writing project for the sake of it. Instead, one can use place the location of the site used
as case study on Google search to get the right co-ordinate.
The link above is a screenshot of an electronic mapping work done to show the geographical
spread of all data ranging from the year 2000 – 2007. The detailed information can be
confirmed online through the link
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zXlHwahAtWFU.k9pC6DxreaNI . It is saved
with the name ‘Department of Archaeology University of Ibadan project research from
year 2000-2007’. It is assessable to everyone online for view but cannot be edited. This is in
a bid to further bridge the link between the past and the present as well as a means to
promoting archaeological work via the use of the internet.
Appendix 1 - 7 contain the detailed information of the co-ordinate conversion from Decimal
degrees (DD) expressed as Latitude and Longitude geographic coordinates as decimal
fractions, used in many geographic information systems (GIS), web mapping applications
such as OpenStreetMap, GPS and is used for the Electronic mapping of Sites for this research
project ranging from the year 2000 to 2007. Decimal degrees are an alternative to using
degrees, minutes, and seconds (DMS). As with latitude and longitude, the values are bounded
by ±90o and ±180o respectively.
General formula:
Latitude: ([LATITUDE_DEG]) + ([LATITUDE_MIN]/60) +

([LATITUDE_SEC]/3600)
*IF [Latitude_Direction]=”South”, THEN -1 ELSE 1 END
Longitude: ([LONGITUDE_DEG]) + ([LONGITUDE_MIN]/60) +

([LONGITUDE_SEC]/3600)
*IF [Longitude_Direction]=”West”, THEN -1 ELSE 1 END
NOTE: Positive latitudes are north of the equator, negative latitudes South of the equator.
Positive longitudes are East of Prime Meridian; negative longitudes are west of the Prime
92
Meridian. However, data collected has a list of geographic location that does not contain
negative numbers.
93
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
STATISTICS OF PROJECTS FROM THE YEAR 2000 - 2007
INTERPRETATION: The table 4.1 below indicates that out of 242 final year projects
written from year 2000-2007, 234 students (96.7%) chose a state as their Case Study while
the remaining 8 students (3.3%) did a comparative study as they choose more than one state
as their Case Study in their research subjects. The Chart 4.1 below indicates that most
research project was carried out in Oyo (87), which amounts to 36%. This is followed by
Lagos (41), with 16.9%. However, Case study used least represented in the chat includes
Abia, Bayelsa, and Kaduna with 4% each. Comparative research study between more than
one state were also carried out within the year in places such as Ile-Ife & Benin (4%) and
Oyo, Ile-Ife & Benin having a percentage of (8%).
CASE STUDY (2000-2007)

STATES IN NIGERIA Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Abia 1 .4 .4 .4
Anambra 6 2.5 2.5 2.9
Bayelsa 1 .4 .4 3.3
Delta 10 4.1 4.1 7.4
Edo 7 2.9 2.9 10.3
Ekiti 2 .8 .8 11.2
Enugu 3 1.2 1.2 12.4
Kaduna 1 .4 .4 12.8
Kogi 3 1.2 1.2 14.0
Kwara 4 1.7 1.7 15.7
Lagos 41 16.9 16.9 32.6
Niger Delta 3 1.2 1.2 33.9
None 8 3.3 3.3 37.2
Ogun 28 11.6 11.6 48.8
Ondo 8 3.3 3.3 52.1
Osun 23 9.5 9.5 61.6
Osun & Edo 1 .4 .4 62.0
Oyo 87 36.0 36.0 97.9
Oyo & Ogun 1 .4 .4 98.3
94
Oyo, Osun &
2 .8 .8 99.2
Edo
Plateau 2 .8 .8 100.0
Total 242 100.0 100.0
Table 4.1: A Table showing the frequency distribution as it relates to different States
Chart 4.1: A Bar Chart showing the Frequency distribution as it relates to different states
INTERPRETATION: The table 4.2 below indicates that out the 242 final year projects
written from year 2000-2007, the year 2003 had nothing to be recorded for. In Chart 4.2
below, there is an observed consistency in the number of final year projects written within the
range of 30-35; except for two outliers experienced in the year 2004 (73), this amounts to
30.2% as the highest recorded among the years and in the year 2006, the least recorded with 3
students (1.2%)
95
YEAR (2000-2007)
YEAR Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
2000 35 14.5 14.5 14.5
2001 30 12.4 12.4 26.9
2002 35 14.5 14.5 41.3
2004 73 30.2 30.2 71.5
2005 34 14.0 14.0 85.5
2006 3 1.2 1.2 86.8
2007 32 13.2 13.2 100.0
Total 242 100.0 100.0
Table 4.2: A Table showing the frequency distribution as over the years
Chart 4.2: A Bar Chart showing the Frequency distribution over the years
96
written from year 2000-2007, no student was without at least one supervisor assigned to him
or her. 2 students (8%) of 242 students enjoyed the privilege of being supervised by the more
than one lecturer i.e. Dr. R.A. Alabi & Mr. J.J. Akpobasa and Prof. P.A. Oyelaran & Dr. B.J.
Tubosun . However, Chart 4.3 below indicates that Prof. P.A. Oyelaran supervised 49students
(20.2%) within this period and he is followed by Dr. R.A. Alabi having supervised 33
students (13.6%) and Dr. B.J. Tubosun with 28student (11.6). Mr. J.J. Akpobasa supervised 2
Students (8%), the least number of students being supervised within this period of research
study as an individual.
NAMES OF SUPERVISOR (2000-2007)

NAMES OF SUPERVISOR Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Dr. B.J. Tubosun 28 11.6 11.6 11.6
Dr. D.A. Aremu 20 8.3 8.3 19.8
Dr. J.O. Aleru 19 7.9 7.9 27.7
Dr. K.D. Aiyedun 9 3.7 3.7 31.4
Dr. O.A. Opadeji 12 5.0 5.0 36.4
Dr. R.A. Alabi 33 13.6 13.6 50.0
Dr. R.A. Alabi & Mr. J.J. Akpobasa 1 .4 .4 50.4
Dr. S.O. Ogundele 16 6.6 6.6 57.0
Mr. J.J. Akpobasa 2 .8 .8 57.9
Mr. P.G. Ajekigbe 26 10.7 10.7 68.6
Prof. (Mrs) Sowunmi 14 5.8 5.8 74.4
Prof. C.A. Folorunso 12 5.0 5.0 79.3
Prof. P.A. Oyelaran 49 20.2 20.2 99.6
Prof. P.A. Oyelaran & Dr. B.J. Tubosun 1 .4 .4 100.0
Total 242 100.0 100.0
Table 4.3: A Table showing the frequency distribution as it relates to Supervisors
97
Chart 4.3: A Bar Chart showing the Frequency distribution as it relates to supervisors
INTERPRETATION: The table 4.4 below indicates 242 final year projects written from
year 2000-2007, with each being classified under a specific type of project. In the below
Chart 4.4, 106 project research falls under Environmental Archaeology with percentage of
43.8%, followed by Ethno-Archaeology with 19.4% and then followed by Cultural Resource
Management with 16.9%. However, Artifact Classification and Reconnaissance Survey with
1.7% each, has the least number of research project recorded under it when compared with
other recorded project types.
98
TYPES OF PROJECT (2000-2007)
TYPES OF PROJECT Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
Artifact Classification 4 1.7 1.7 1.7
Cultural Resource
41 16.9 16.9 18.6
Management
Environmental Archaeology 106 43.8 43.8 62.4
Ethno-Archaeology 47 19.4 19.4 81.8
Historical Archaeology 12 5.0 5.0 86.8
Industrial Archaeology 12 5.0 5.0 91.7
Reconnaissance Survey 4 1.7 1.7 93.4
Settlement Archaeology 16 6.6 6.6 100.0
Total 242 100.0 100.0
Table 4.4: A Table showing the frequency distribution as it relates to project types
Chart 4.4: A Bar Chart showing the Frequency distribution as it relates to project types
99
written from year 2000-2007, 183 students (75.6%) indicated co-ordinate of the geographical
location of their research while the remaining 59 students (24.4%) did not. It can be seen in
(Chart 4.5) below that the percentage of those who indicated co-ordinate of their geographical
location in their research is more than those who did not. However, percentage of students
without co-ordinate is surprisingly high. Hence, this should be improved upon subsequently.
CO-ORDINATES (2000-2007)
Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
WITHOUT CO-
59 24.4 24.4 24.4
ORDINATE
WITH CO-
183 75.6 75.6 100.0
ORDINATE
Total 242 100.0 100.0
Table 4.5: A Table showing the frequency distribution as it relates to
indication of co-ordinates
100
Chart 4.5: A Bar Chart showing the Frequency distribution as it relates to
indication of co-ordinates
written from year 2000-2007, 234 students (96.7%) chose a specific region of the country as
their specific Case Study while the remaining 8 students (3.3%) did not choose any specific
region of the country for their research projects. From Chart 4.6 below, it can be deduced that
195 students (80.6%) carried out their research in the South-West region of Nigeria. This is
followed by South-South with 20 students (8.3%) and 9 students (3.7%) carried out her
research in the North-Central and South-Eastern region of Nigeria each. However, the region
of the country least represented in the chat is the North West. It is worthy of note that no
research study within this period was carried out at the North Eastern part of the Country and
comparative research study between more than one region of the country.
101
REGIONS IN NIGERIA (2000-2007)
Geo-Political Zones Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative
Percent Percent
None 8 3.3 3.3 3.3
North-Central 9 3.7 3.7 7.0
North-West 1 .4 .4 7.4
South-East 9 3.7 3.7 11.2
South-South 20 8.3 8.3 19.4
South-West 195 80.6 80.6 100.0
Total 242 100.0 100.0
Table 4.6: A Table showing the frequency distribution as it relates to regional location
Chart 4.6: A Bar Chart showing the Frequency distribution as it relates to different states
102
Analysis and Interpretation for the year 2007
Following the Statistics on Appendix 14, in 2007, most students of about 34.4% had her
research case study carried out in Oyo state. Coming close to this figure is that Ogun 18.8%
and Lagos 12.5% which has very close proximity to Oyo State. However, no research case
study was recorded to have been carried out in Ondo and Ekiti for this year.
Furthermore, students rarely studied or carried out projects in the Eastern part of Nigeria in
the year 2007. Enugu and Delta states were the only states used as case study in 2007
amassing 6.3% and 3.1% respectively.
Recommendations
From the above analysis, most research work has been done in the South-West of Nigeria
especially Oyo, Ogun and Lagos state. I hereby recommend that the project co-ordinator of
the department encourages the students to explore some other places in the South-West such
as Ekiti and Ondo, having considered how affordable the cost of transportation as against the
usual Oyo, Ogun and Lagos state.
Following the frequency of supervisors, more students were allotted to Prof. Oyelaran and
Dr. Alabi, as this could be interpreted to mean that there are more Science final year students
than Art students in this year, as majority of the students were supervised by mostly
Environmentalist. I hereby recommend that the ratio of Science and Art students admitted
should be at equilibrium. It could also be interpreted to mean that the department is short of
science lecturer than Art lecturers. I recommend that more Science lecturer should be
employed in the department to ease the few science lecturers of the enormous task of having
to supervise more than the expected number per supervisors for effective purposes.
The frequency distribution as relates to project types reveals that Cultural Resource
Management (43.8%) has the largest percentage in the year 2007 with about 14 students.
Then, followed by Historical Archaeology (25%) with 8 students. However, Artifact
Classification and Reconnaissance Survey appeared just once. I hereby recommend that the
students be encouraged to carry out research more on Artifact Classification and
Reconnaissance Survey particularly under Settlement Archaeology and Ethno-Archaeology.
The frequency distribution as it relates to project types reveals that South Western areas has
been explored more by students than other regions, having about 78.1% of students study
103
areas in South West, while North Central areas of the Country has had few students going
there, which could also be due to distance. As it is known that the practice of Archaeology is
very expensive and also bearing in mind, financial limitation that might restrict students
solely to South-West region of the country. I hereby recommend that the department, in a bid
to encourage students to more carry out research outside of South-West, should give a
specific amount as sponsorship to students whose research study is away from the West so as
to explore more of the frontiers of knowledge.
In conclusion, the Staff of Archaeology have a role to play in amending this fault. The
number of Students who choose South Western region should be cut down in order to ensure
the spread of research work across the country, as a tool to promoting and creating more
awareness of Archaeology to the Public
I specially chose to analyse and interpret 2007, because it happens to be the most recent of
the year to the present research project, having observed improvement over the years from
my analysis, for instance, the fact that it revealed great shift from the ‘usual’ Environmental
Archaeology to Cultural Resource Management and the consistency in the number of
students per supervisor. However, there is still room for improvement especially in the area
of the geographical distribution of research project over the years.
NOTE: The breakdown for each year’s project (2000-2007) is seen in the Appendix 8 – 14
104
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 SUMMARY
The research study help to understand more the unity in the dichotomy of our unique
department classified under both Science and Art faculty in the institution. Having observed
variety in project types, methods of study and geographical location within the period of
study, the effect (positive and/or negative) would help us to know what needs to be improved
upon, what already has been improved and what needs to be sustained.
Analysis from Table 4.5 shows that over 24.4% of research project are without co-ordinates.
This is surprisingly high, as it could be deduced that most students without co-ordinate has
little or no idea about the importance of specifying co-ordinate in a technical research. This is
needful because it helps us understand the geographical framework to which the research is
tending towards and it helps one to better appreciate the uniqueness in the differences and
similarities within terrains. I hereby recommend that the department should make courses
such as Arc321 (Quantitative measures in Archaeology) compulsory for both Science and Art
students, so that it all could be helped in learning some scientific tool for data analyzing.
Following the result in Table 4.1, States such as Oyo, Lagos and Ogun have been ‘over
researched’ when compared to the spatial-temporal framework of states in Nigeria. There is
need for students to explore other states other than the aforementioned. It is worthy of note
that over 75% of research done in Oyo state was carried out in Ibadan. However,
neighbouring states like Ekiti and Ondo are within South West region of the Country, still, it
has not being explored having considered cost of transportation and the proximity from the
institution.
Analysis shows that students rarely carry out their research outside of the South-West region
of the country, as states such as Delta 4.1% and Edo 2.9% are the most researched states
outside of the South-West region. In the light of this, it is important to note that there are
archaeological sites explored by foreign people in the Northern part of the Country with lot of
promises.
105
5.2 CONCLUSION
It is important to emphasize that in the bid to enlarge the frontiers of knowledge and in order
to ensure the spread of research work across the country, choice of Site location is a tool to
promoting and creating more awareness of Archaeology to the Public. Hence, it should not
just be considered only at its proximity to the institution alone. However, it is worthy of note
that this research Project is not against researches that have been done in the South-West over
the years. But one can query students motive in doing project as it relates to the geographical
spread and project types as being just to fulfill ‘all righteousness’ by the act of writing project
for the sake of being awarded certificate as a graduate.
Result from analysis of project types reveals the Project co-ordinator has a role to play in
amending inequality in the choice of project types. This restricts their capability to explore
their innovative ability through the application of their intelligent quotient in other field of
Archaeology. Hence, it reduces their chances of contributing their quota to affecting their
society uniquely. This is not good for the exploration and the exploitation of the frontiers of
knowledge.
5.3 Recommendation
It is clear from this research that students require guidance on transferable study skills in
order to improve their experience of undergraduate research. The department should establish
a seminar where each final year student would be called upon to present their project
proposals, giving room for questions and suggestions as a better way to carrying out their
research to give more room for creativity.
Having known that the practice of Archaeology is very expensive and the extent of the
impact of Archaeological undergraduate research in reaching out to the public, the
department should sought for sponsors especially for students who would be carrying out
research outside of the South Western region of the Country.
Proper project planning and time management skills are vital to the successful completion of
research project. However, given the multiple demands on it is difficult to have such amount
of time needed for research by the students. Having to combine academic lectures, test and
exam alongside shuttling from school to project sites etc., the research projects should begin
earlier. Suffice to say, that the department should ensure that students are assigned their
106
supervisors and given project topic as at 300l so that students can spend enough time at their
sites and could carry out analysis.
It is a shame that some students’ topic is cancelled and changed towards the end of 400l such
research work are usually a shadow of what researches are intended to be.
It is worthy of note that the critical role that the student-supervisor relationship plays cannot
be over-emphasized. The head of department should come up with staff-development and the
management of research project courses as a way out to encourage the supervisors to give
more time to their students and show more care as to knowing more about why the students is
not up to date with his/her research. The success of the student in carrying out research is the
success of the supervisor as well.
The importance of library in documentation cannot be over-emphasized. However, it is

observed that projects earlier than 2000 have been moved off the shelves so that more space
could be available for the most recent ones. Some of the projects I worked on had already
been mutilated. Electronic copy should be submitted on a CD in the library alongside the
hard-bound copies, where students can have access to go through past project topics (READ-
ONLY) but without access to copy. This is an advanced way of documentation.
107
References
Andah, B.W. and A.I. Okpoko 1994, Practising Archaeology in Africa. Ibadan:
Wisdom Publishers Ltd. Ibadan
Aleru, J.O. 2014, Arc.321 (Lecture note): Relevance of Scientific

importance (Statistics) in Archaeological
investigation.
Hand, L. and Clewes, D. 2000, Making the difference: An investigation of the

criteria used for assessing undergraduate
dissertations in a business school. Assessment
and Evaluation in Higher Education 25(1), 5-21.
Mick Healey, 2013. Rethinking the dissertation: Avoiding throwing

the baby out with the bathwater.
www.mickhealey.co.uk; mhealey@glos.ac.uk
Ogundiran, A. 2002. Archaeology, Historiographic, Tradition and

Discourse of Development. In Falola, T. (ed).
Nigeria in the 20th century. Carolina Academic
press, North Carolina
Shaw, T., Ucko, P.J. & MacDonald, K. 1999,

First Memorial Lecture – A tribute to the life
and work of Professor Bassey Wai ANDAH.
Ibadan: Textflow Publishers Ltd. Ibadan,
Nigeria
Sowunmi M.A. 2014 The department of Archaeology and

Anthropology and The department of Botany:
final year Undergraduate project – Some
Guidelines.
Students’ information Handbook, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,

University of Ibadan, E.Adegbola Printers
Wilkipedia, Ibadan
last modified on 22 January 2015, at 23:31
www.ui.edu.ng A Brief History of the UNIVERSITY OF

IBADAN
108
UNPUBLISHED
Archaeology department library, All undergraduate projects of the department of
Archaeology from the Year 2000-2007.
Benjamin Adedapo Adegoke, 82617, May, 2000
An investigation of defensive ditches and
embarkments as tourist attractionsOrile-Owu,
South-western Nigeria
Yusuff Akeem Olubunmi 80402, April, 2000

Archaeological application of Geographical
information system(GIS)
Thomas Adebimpe Aramide, 82474, May, 2000

Wildlife and Cultural Resources management in
Southern Nigeria.
Akinyemi O.O, 82618, April, 2000 An ecological evaluation of man, his

environment and his subsistence,The Itaakpa
rock shelter, Iffe-ijumu LGA, Kogi
Apelehin Olaniyi Olajide, 90221, May, 2000

Clay properties and their uses in archaeology,
Omi-adio, Oyo
Gbenro Olajumoke Olanrewaju, 80530, April, 2000

History and technology of Bead making Ile-Ife,
Osun state
Adekunle Adegbile Emmanuel, 88716, September, 2001

Indigenous architecture and settlement patterns
in Yorubaland, Jobele, Iwo-Isin in Irepodun
LGA, kwara state
Taiwo Adewale Emmanuel, 87000, September, 2001

The archaeological and geological significance
of the late quaternary superficial deposit of
southwestern Nigeria, The middle river Ona
Nnaji Hope Okechukwu, 86093, September, 2001

An ethno-archaeological study of Blacksmithing,
Oke-Ore, Ado odo Ota LGA, Ogun state
Azeez Rainat Olabisi, 90670, September, 2001
109
Cultural resources management and Tourism
development in Orile Owu Orile-Owu,
Ayedaade LGA, Osun State
Somotun Olujide Adedayo, 82336, August, 2001

Conflict and cooperation: A case study of 1999
crisis in Sagamu, Sagamu town, Ogun state
Okesanya A. Gbolahan, 90479, September, 2001

An archaeological reconnaissance of ikorodu
town
Oyeyemi Oladapo Julius, 85812, September 2001

Analysis of Excavated materials from Ademu:
Abandoned site in Ajibode area of Ibadan
Sadiq Babatunde Ayokunle, 93512, September, 2002

Local sand dredging and its potential effects on
the coastal environment, Ebute-Ilaje (Somolu
LGA) and Maroko (Eti-Osa LGA), Lagos
Babalola Abidemi Babatunde, 97179, August, 2002

Settlement patterns of Ijaye town (Old pattern),
Ijaye, Abeokuta
Adeyinka Solomon Ayoola, 97310, August, 2002

Soil chemistry as it affects the preservation and
conservation of cultural materials, Old Oyo
Ayodele Oluwasholape Victoria, 91797, August, 2002

The social practices of Aaro (Mutual service)
and Owe (Gift of service) among the Yorubas,
Ile-Igbo, Osun
Ijomanta Ayesha Anyaku A., 91800, September, 2002

Classification and analysis of excavated
materials from refuse mounds, Square Ijaye-
Orile, Akinyele LGA, Oyo
Urubusi O.S., 94136, September, 2002

Architecture and settlement pattern of
indigenous areas of Abba town, Njikoka LGA,
Anambra state
110
Ebisemiju Adeola Olamide, 99877, April, 2004
Management of cultural resources in a rapidly
urbanizing environment with special focus on
Monuments, Owo LGA, Ondo state
Foster-Aileru Anthony Olaolu, 94680, March, 2004
The archaeology of Ash-mound Odo-Owa, Oke-
Ero LGA, Kwara state
Macaulay Anthony Effiok, 99885, March, 2004

Developing and improving indigenous
technologies in Nigeria, implications and
applications, FIIRO, Oshodi /Isolo LGA, Lagos
state
Oyekunle Philip Tunde, 99895, March, 2004

The impact of oil exploration and exploitation
on plant and animal life, Ilaje, Ondo state
Nurudeen Olayiwola Ajao, 98122, March, 2004

Traditional medicine in Nigeria and
archaeological evidence in Oyo, Ife and Benin
Ayotade Omobayode Olasupo, 103770, March, 2004

Foreign impact on Ijebu-Ode architecture: An
ethnoarchaeological studies, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun
state
Alonge Adekola Tairu, 106800, March, 2005

Pottery making in kumapayi, Egbeda LGA, Oyo
state
Badmus Omowunmi, 108427, February, 2005

Perception of Environmental problems in
Ibadan, Apete, Oyo state February, 2005
Oguntoye Oluwatope L., 106244, March, 2005

Environmental resources conservation and
management, Lagelu LGA, Oyo state
Asiegbu Obiora Nnaemeka, 106808, March, 2005

How Nigerian breweries recycles their
industrial waste: Nigeria Breweries plc, Alakia,
Oyo state
111
Ogbonna Patience Nkeiru, 108456, February, 2005
Settlement patterns of the people of Olodi,
Ajibode, Akinyele LGA, Oyo state
Michael Friday, 98121, February, 2005

Education and archaeology in Nigeria, Ibadan-
North LGA, Oyo state
Olanrewaju Olayinka quam, 107920, September, 2006

Ethnoarchaeology of Bead making, Ile-Ife, Osun
state
Akanbi Abiola Medinat, 112884, February, 2006

Degradation of rainforest and its implication for
the ecosystem, Ikorodu, Lagos state
Daraojimba Kingsley, 116448, February, 2007

Conservation of cultural materials in Nigeria
Museum: A study of the storage and care of
objects in Benin National Museum, Benin
Alade Toba Ishona, 117317, March, 2007

A study in architecture and history of Ilesha,
Ilesha, Ijeshaland, Osun state
Anochie Henry Amechi, 117275, February, 2007

Environment and technology: Indigenous
architecture and settlement pattern, Benin, Edo
state
Adejumo Adeniyi O., 117298, March, 2007

Impact of charcoal industry on the savanna
woodland ecological zone, Ibarapa central and
Iwajowa LGA, Oyo state
Aiyeola Olalekan Michael, 117432, February, 2007

Clay analysis and comparison from Fiditi
pottery sites I & II, Fiditi, Oyo
Adegbite Adeola Oluwaseun, 117336, February, 2007

Application of Geographic information systems
on the archaeological documentation of Ojere
and Ototo Sites, Obafemi Owode LGA,
Abeokuta, Ogun
112
Mobaghan Edore, 117350, February, 2007
An ethnoarchaeological reconnaissance of an
abandoned settlement of Onisade village,
Egbeda LGA, Oyo state
113
APPENDICES
BREAK-DOWN RESULT FOR EACH YEAR
FOR YEAR 2000 Appendix 1
S/N Case Study Date Time Long Lat Type
1 Orile-Owu, Osun May, 2000 Settlement Archaeology
2 None April, 2000 Reconnaissance Survey
3 Old Oyo National Park May, 2000 3.5833 - 4.7 8.25 - 9 Cultural Resouce Management
4 Itaakpa Rockshelter, Iffe-Ijumu LGA, Kogi April, 2000 5.75 - 5.9167 7.75 - 7.9167 Environmental Archaeology
5 Omi-adio, Oyo May, 2000 3.75 7.4167 Environmental Archaeology
6 Ile-Ife, Osun April, 2000 4.5167 7.5 Ethno-Archaeology
7 Urhobos, Niger Delta May, 2000 5.25 - 5.667 6 - 6.4167 Environmental Archaeology
8 Ijaye-Orile, May, 2000 3.75 8.3333 Environmental Archaeology
9 Agbowo, Oyo March, 2000 3.8333 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
10 Oredo LGA, Benin City, Edo April, 2000 5.5833 6.4167 Cultural Resouce Management
11 Abeokuta, Ogun April, 2000 3.4333 7.1667 Ethno-Archaeology
12 Ndiowa, Orumba North LGA, Anambra May, 2000 4 4 Ethno-Archaeology
13 Igbo-Ukwu, Anambra April, 2000 Cultural Resouce Management
14 Itakpe hill, Okene, Kogi April, 2000 6.3133 - 6.3283 7.5967 - 7.6117 Cultural Resouce Management
15 Warri, Delta April, 2000 5.8333 5.6333 Cultural Resouce Management
16 Ipaja, Lagos May, 2000 5.0333 - 5.0667 7.2333 - 7.2353 Ethno-Archaeology
17 Warri, Delta May, 2000 Environmental Archaeology
18 Iseyin LGA, Oyo April, 2000 3.6 7.9833 Ethno-Archaeology
19 Ewan 1 well, Western Niger Delta (by Chevron) April, 2000 3.15 4.1 Environmental Archaeology
20 None May, 2000 Environmental Archaeology
21 Ijaye-Orile, Akinyele LGA, Oyo May, 2000 5.75 7.8333 Ethno-Archaeology
22 Agoro, Sagbana LGA, Bayelsa April, 2000 6.2667 4.9667 Ethno-Archaeology
23 Ijaye-Orile, Akinyele LGA, Oyo April, 2000 3.75 7.8333 Environmental Archaeology
24 Orile-Owu, Osun May, 2000 Reconnaissance Survey
25 University of Ibadan April, 2000 Historical Archaeology
26 Majidun Ikorodu LGA, Lagos May, 2000 7.0833 7.0833 Ethno-Archaeology
27 Awe, Afijilo LGA, Oyo May, 2000 4 7.4 Ethno-Archaeology
28 Abeokuta, Ogun May, 2000 4.4333 7.1667 Ethno-Archaeology
29 Igbo-Ora, Oyo April, 2000 3.35 7.4 Industrial Archaeology
30 Ikorodu LGA, Lagos April, 2000 2.7 - 3.3667 6.3667 - 6.7 Cultural Resouce Management
31 Ikire, Irewole LGA, Osun April, 2000 4.4833 - 4.65 7.5 - 7.55 Environmental Archaeology
32 Umuchu town, Aguata LGA, Anambra April, 2000 5.55 - 5.9667 7.0833 - 7.2167 Settlement Archaeology
33 Apete Village, Ibadan, Oyo April, 2000 3.9167 5 Ethno-Archaeology
34 Saminaka, Plateau June, 2000 8.7 10.4167 Environmental Archaeology
35 Nigeria April, 2000 *3 - 15 *4 - 14 Historical Archaeology
114
1 Jobele, Iwo-Isin, Irepodun LGA, Kwara September, 2001 5.0833 7.7667 Settlement Archaeology
2 The middle River Ona September, 2001 Environmental Archaeology
3 Lagos Island LGA, Lagos September, 2001 2.5 -5 5.0833 - 6 Environmental Archaeology
4 Oke-Ore Ado Odo Ota LGA, Ogun September, 2001 7.1667 3.4333 Ethno-Archaeology
5 Tuomo, Burutu LGA, Delta September, 2001 5.7333 - 5.9167 5.1667 - 5.3333 Ethno-Archaeology
6 Ijaye-Orile September, 2001 7.4833 7 Environmental Archaeology
7 Ile-Ife and Benin, Nigeria September, 2001 4.5667 7.55 Ethno-Archaeology
8 Beere, South East LGA, Oyo September, 2001 3.8333 7.4333 Ethno-Archaeology
9 Ogba, Coastal Lagos, Ikeja LGA July, 2001 4.6667 - 4.7333 5.3667 - 6.7 Environmental Archaeology
10 Warri, Delta September, 2001 3.8333 5.6333 Environmental Archaeology
11 Alagbado, Ifako Ijaye LGA, Lagos September, 2001 5.35 - 5.6833 7.6833 - 8.1833 Ethno-Archaeology
12 Nigeria September, 2001 *3 - 15 *4 -14 Environmental Archaeology
13 Ikeja LGA, Lagos September, 2001 3.7 6.3667 Environmental Archaeology
14 Omi-Adio, Ido LGA, Oyo September, 2001 3.75 - 3.8333 7.4167 Environmental Archaeology
15 Alakia, Egbeda LGA, Oyo September, 2001 7.3833 4.0333 Environmental Archaeology
16 Abeokuta, Ogun September, 2001 7.1667 3.4333 Environmental Archaeology
17 Orile-Owu, Ayedaade LGA, Osun September, 2001 4.4167 7.1667 - 7.25 Cultural Resource Management
18 Ewekoro, Ogun September, 2001 3.9167 6.9167 - 3.9167 Ethno-Archaeology
19 Sagamu town, Ogun August, 2001 Industrial Archaeology
20 Odo-Ona, Oyo July, 2001 3.8333 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
21 Ikogosi, Ekiti-West LGA, Ekiti August, 2001 Cultural Resource Management
22 Oke-Ero LGA, Kwara September, 2001 Industrial Archaeology
23 Ayedaade LGA, Osun July, 2001 4.4167 7.1667 - 7.25 Cultural Resource Management
24 Owo LGA, Ondo August, 2001 5.5833 7.25 Ethno-Archaeology
25 Ayedaade LGA, Osun August, 2001 4.4167 7.1667 - 7.25 Ethno-Archaeology
26 Ikorodu, Lagos September, 2001 Reconnaissance Survey
27 Ewekoro, Ogun August, 2001 Environmental Archaeology
28 Ajibode, Oyo September, 2001 Artifact Classification
29 Orile-Owu, Ayedaade LGA, Osun September, 2001 4.5833 7.4167 Ethno-Archaeology
30 Omo-forest Reserve, Oyo March, 2001 4.3167 - 4.6667 6.5833 - 7.0833 Environmental Archaeology
115
1 Ebute-Ilaje, Somolu LGA & Maroko, Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos September, 2002 Environmental Archaeology
2 Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun August, 2002 3.4333 7.1667 Ethno-Archaeology
3 Etua-Utagba-Uno, Ndokwa LGA, Delta September, 2002 6 - 6.8333 5.333 - 6.1667 Environmental Archaeology
4 Bamikemo, Ile-Oluji, Oke Igbo LGA, Ondo September, 2002 Ethno-Archaeology
5 Ijebu Ode, Ogun 2002 3.6333 6.0117 Ethno-Archaeology
6 Old Oyo August, 2002 Cultural Resource Management
7 Olonde, Oluyole LGA, Oyo September, 2002 3.85 7.2167 Environmental Archaeology
8 Ile-Igbo, Osun August, 2002 Industrial Archaeology
9 Oluyole Estate, Oyo September, 2002 3.8333 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
10 Igbeti, Olorunsogo LGA, Oyo September, 2002 4.1667 8.0833 Environmental Archaeology
11 Sabongidda-Ora, Owan-west LGA, Edo August, 2002 Ethno-Archaeology
12 Ijaye-Orile, Akinyele LGA, Oyo September, 2002 7.8333 3.75 Artifact Classification
13 Mile 12, Komolafe LGA, Lagos August, 2002 Industrial Archaeology
14 Ijaye-Orile, Akinyele LGA, & Old-Oyo September, 2002 Artifact Classification
15 Ota, Ado-Odo Ota LGA, Ogun August, 2002 3.1333 - 5.25 6.0667 - 6.8333 Ethno-Archaeology
16 Ijeshaland, Osun August, 2002 4.1167 7.5 Environmental Archaeology
17 Ogunpa, Oyo August, 2002 3.8333 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
18 Njikoka LGA, Anambra September, 2002 5.15 6 Settlement Archaeology
19 Agbabu, Odigbo LGA, Ondo August, 2002 3.75 - 5.75 *6 - 7 Environmental Archaeology
20 Warri, Niger Delta August, 2002 5.7 5.4667 Environmental Archaeology
21 Ibadan, Oyo August, 2002 4 7.5 Industrial Archaeology
22 Imope, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun September, 2002 3.8333 - 3.95 6.9167 - 7 Environmental Archaeology
23 Ngwo, Enugu-North LGA, Enugu October, 2002 Settlement Archaeology
24 Omo forest Reserve, Ogun September, 2002 4.3167 - 4.6667 6.5833 - 7.25 Environmental Archaeology
25 Ilora September, 2002 3.9 7.5 Ethno-Archaeology
26 Ibadan, Oyo August, 2002 3.9333 - 4 7.9167 - 7.45 Cultural Resource Management
27 Dunukofia LGA, Anambra September, 2002 *6 - 8 *5 - 7 Ethno-Archaeology
28 Ikorodu Oriwu, Lagos August, 2002 Environmental Archaeology
29 Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos August, 2002 4.25 - 4.5 6.5042 Environmental Archaeology
30 Imope, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun August, 2002 3.9167 6.8167 Ethno-Archaeology
31 Apapa, Lagos September, 2002 3.45 6.35 Environmental Archaeology
32 Ewekoro, Ogun September, 2002 Environmental Archaeology
33 Ogbomoso, Oyo September, 2002 4.1833 - 4.3 8.1333 - 8.25 Ethno-Archaeology
34 Sasa-Odo Ona, Oyo September, 2002 3.9167 - 3.9333 7.4 - 7.4167 Environmental Archaeology
35 Badagry, Lagos September, 2002 2.9167 6.4167 Environmental Archaeology
116
1 Owo LGA, Ondo March, 2004 5.5833 7.25 Cultural Resource Management
2 Odo-Owa, Oke-Ero LGA, Kwara March, 2004 Industrial Archaeology
3 FIIRO, Oshodi/Isolo LGA, Lagos March, 2004 Settlement Archaeology
4 Ilaje, Ondo March, 2004 4.75 - 5.75 6 - 6.3333 Environmental Archaeology
5 Mushin, Lagos March, 2004 Cultural Resource Management
6 Ado-Odo, Ota, Ogun March, 2004 3.3833 7.25 Environmental Archaeology
7 L.A. Adisa Quarry site, Moniya, Oyo March, 2004 3.9 7.5333 Environmental Archaeology
8 Eleyele, Ibadan, Oyo March, 2004 Environmental Archaeology
9 Oyo, Ife & Benin March, 2004 3, -6, 5.5833 7, 5, 6.55 Historical Archaeology
10 Murtala Mohammed Int'l airport, Ikeja, Lagos March, 2004 Cultural Resource Management
11 Erhoike-kokori, Ethiope-East LGA, Delta March, 2004 Environmental Archaeology
12 Osa Lagoon, Badagry, Lagos March, 2004 2.7167 - 2.3667 6.3667 - 6.4667 Cultural Resource Management
13 Onitsha LGA, Anambra March, 2004 6.3 6.2667 Environmental Archaeology
14 Akinyele LGA, Oyo March, 2004 4.5667 - 4.8 8.5833 - 8.7667 Environmental Archaeology
15 Egbedore LGA, Osun March, 2004 4.3833 7.7167 Environmental Archaeology
16 Ijebu-Ode, Ogun March, 2004 3.9167 6.8167 Ethno-Archaeology
17 Osu town, Osun March, 2004 4 - 4.6167 7 - 7.5667 Environmental Archaeology
18 Osogbo groove, Osun March, 2004 4.5 7.75 Environmental Archaeology
19 National Museum Ibadan, Oyo March, 2004 Cultural Resource Management
20 Ijebu North LGA, Ogun March, 2004 4 7 Ethno-Archaeology
21 Apata and its environs, Oyo March, 2004 3.8767 7.4667 Environmental Archaeology
22 Ijebu-East LGA, Ogun March, 2004 4.7611 6.5833 - 7.0833 Environmental Archaeology
23 Badagry, Lagos March, 2004 2.7667 - 3.4833 6.4167 - 6.9667 Environmental Archaeology
24 Lagos mainland, Lagos March, 2004 2.5 - 5 5.0833 - 6 Environmental Archaeology
25 Ile-Ife, Osun March, 2004 4.1 7.0833 Cultural Resource Management
26 Ogunpa, Oyo March, 2004 3.8333 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
27 Ibadan, Oyo March, 2004 3.8333 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
28 Aba-Osho, Akinyele LGA, Oyo March, 2004 3.8633 - 3.9617 7.505 Ethno-Archaeology
29 Orogun-Ojoo, Akinyele LGA, Oyo March, 2004 Environmental Archaeology
30 Sabo, Oyo March, 2004 3.7833 - 3.9667 7.3167 - 7.4833 Environmental Archaeology
31 Ikole LGA, Ekiti March, 2004 5.6 8.0667 Industrial Archaeology
32 Ikorodu LGA, Lagos March, 2004 3.05 - 3.0833 6.6167 - 6.75 Environmental Archaeology
33 Festac town, Lagos March, 2004 Environmental Archaeology
34 Ijaye Orile town, Akinyele LGA, Oyo March, 2004 5 4.8333 Environmental Archaeology
35 Arochukwu LGA, Abia March, 2004 Ethno-Archaeology
36 Bodija, Oyo March, 2004 5.5 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
37 Ewekoro, Shagamu, Ijebu-Ode LGA, Ogun March, 2004 Environmental Archaeology
38 Sakpo, Badagry town, Lagos March, 2004 Ethno-Archaeology
39 Main Lagoon, Lagos March, 2004 3.25 6.5 Environmental Archaeology
40 Osogbo, Osun March, 2004 4.5568 7.7653 Cultural Resource Management
41 Badagry, Lagos March, 2004 Ethno-Archaeology
42 Odo-Ogun village, Iseyin LGA, Oyo February, 2004 3.5667 - 3.6167 7.95 - 8 Environmental Archaeology
43 Agege LGA, Lagos March, 2004 Environmental Archaeology
44 Agbowo, Oyo March, 2004 3.1 7.0333 Ethno-Archaeology
45 Lagos March, 2004 3.25 6.4333 Environmental Archaeology
46 Ikorodu LGA, Lagos March, 2004 3.05 6.6167 - 6.75 Environmental Archaeology
47 Akoko-Edo LGA, Edo March, 2004 5.8333 - 6.4333 7.0833 - 7.5667 Ethno-Archaeology
48 Olushosun, Lagos March, 2004 2.7 - 3.7 6.3667 - 6.8667 Environmental Archaeology
49 Ibadan North LGA, Oyo March, 2004 Environmental Archaeology
50 Benin city, Edo March, 2004 5.6167 6.3167 Ethno-Archaeology
51 Egbeda LGA, Oyo March, 2004 4.0333 7.3833 Environmental Archaeology
52 Ile-Ife, Osun March, 2004 4.0833 7.0833 Cultural Resource Management
53 Epe LGA, Lagos March, 2004 4 - 4.25 6.5167 - 6.75 Settlement Archaeology
54 Ile-Ogbo, Aiyedire LGA, Osun March, 2004 Ethno-Archaeology
55 Nigeria March, 2004 *3 -15 *4 - 14 Historical Archaeology
56 Iseyin LGA, Oyo March, 2004 4.0833 8.5833 Ethno-Archaeology
57 Dakace village, Zaria LGA, Kaduna March, 2004 8 - 10.5 7.5 - 7.8333 Settlement Archaeology
58 Ilesha, Osun March, 2004 4.1167 7.5 Settlement Archaeology
59 Ajibode, Oyo March, 2004 3.7833 - 3.95 7.3 - 3.95 Environmental Archaeology
60 March, 2004 3.75 7.8333 Settlement Archaeology
61 Ibadan March, 2004 3.8333 7.3333 Ethno-Archaeology
62 Egbeda LGA, Oyo March, 2004 4.0333 7.3333 Industrial Archaeology
63 Badagry, Lagos March, 2004 2.8 - 3.3667 6.3667 - 6.4667 Environmental Archaeology
64 Shagamu Quarry, Ijebu-remo, Ogun March, 2004 3.75 6.1333 Environmental Archaeology
65 Ekiti LGA, Kwara March, 2004 5.0167 - 9.15 5.0333 - 5.2 Environmental Archaeology
66 Nigeria March, 2004 *3 - 15 *4 - 14 Cultural Resource Management
67 Akinyele LGA, Oyo March, 2004 3.8383 - 3.45 7.6167 - 7.6198 Environmental Archaeology
68 Badagry, Lagos March, 2004 Cultural Resource Management
69 Nigeria March, 2004 *3 - 15 *4 - 14 Cultural Resource Management
70 Idanre, Ondo March, 2004 5.0833 9.1333 Settlement Archaeology
71 Benin city, Edo March, 2004 5.6167 6.55 Cultural Resource Management
72 Ikorodu LGA, Lagos March, 2004 Environmental Archaeology
73 Idi-Iyunre, Oluyole LGA, Oyo March, 2004 Environmental Archaeology
117
1 Egbeda LGA, Oyo March, 2005 Ethno-Archaeology
2 Apete, Oyo February, 2005 3.0833 7 Environmental Archaeology
3 Ajibode, Oyo February, 2005 7.7667 Environmental Archaeology
4 Lagelu LGA, Oyo March, 2005 4.5167 - 4.0333 7.6167 - 7.6833 Cultural Resource Management
5 Alakia, Oyo March, 2005 3.5333 7.005 Industrial Archaeology
6 Ajibode, Akinyele LGA, Oyo February, 2005 4.4167 - 4.4833 7.7667 - 7.8667 Settlement Archaeology
7 Ojoo, Oyo February, 2005 3.9167 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
8 Badagry LGA, Lagos February, 2005 3.9167 6.25 Industrial Archaeology
9 Sasa, Oyo February, 2005 2.9167 6.25 Environmental Archaeology
10 Ring road, Oyo February, 2005 7.3333 7.3833 Environmental Archaeology
11 Oluyole-East LGA, Oyo March, 2005 Environmental Archaeology
12 Mushin, Lagos February, 2005 2.7 - 4.3333 6.3667 Environmental Archaeology
13 Agbowo, Oyo February, 2005 3.8333 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
14 Akinyele LGA, Oyo March, 2005 3.0833 7.3833 Environmental Archaeology
15 Warri, Delta February, 2005 6.7167 6.1833 Environmental Archaeology
16 Abeokuta, Ogun March, 2005 3.2 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
17 Ogoniland, Niger Delta March, 2005 4.0833 - 4.3333 7.1667 - 7.5 Environmental Archaeology
18 Sango-Ota, Ogun March, 2005 4.5 6.005 Environmental Archaeology
19 Monatan, Egbeda LGA, Oyo February, 2005 3.9 7.3833 Environmental Archaeology
20 Egbeda LGA, Oyo February, 2005 4.0333 7.3833 Ethno-Archaeology
21 Gege, Oyo February, 2005 3.9333 7.55 Environmental Archaeology
22 Olingan, Bassa LGA, Plateau February, 2005 7.4167 - 9.5058 7.1833 - 10.0986 Environmental Archaeology
23 Old Oyo, Oyo March, 2005 4.4389 8.933 - 9.005 Environmental Archaeology
24 Osogbo, Osun February, 2005 4.0833 7.1167 Cultural Resource Management
25 Ethiope-East LGA, Delta March, 2005 Settlement Archaeology
26 Oluyole LGA, Oyo February, 2005 3.5333 - 4 7.005 - 7.7833 Environmental Archaeology
27 FESTAC town, Lagos February, 2005 Environmental Archaeology
28 Ajibode, Akinyele LGA, Oyo February, 2005 3.8333 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
29 Ayetoro community, Ilaje LGA, Ondo March, 2005 4.4167 6 Environmental Archaeology
30 Ibadan, Oyo March, 2005 3.9 7.3833 Settlement Archaeology
31 Ibadan-North LGA, Oyo February, 2005 3.9 7.3833 Industrial Archaeology
32 National Museum Ibadan, Oyo February, 2005 3.1333 7.05 Cultural Resource Management
33 Owo, Ondo February, 2005 5.5833 7.85 Cultural Resource Management
34 Ibadan City, Oyo February, 2005 3.8333 7.3333 Environmental Archaeology
118
1 Ile-Ife, Osun September, 2006 5 7.8333 Ethno-Archaeology
2 Ikorodu, Lagos February, 2006 Environmental Archaeology
3 Oghe, Ezeagu LGA, Enugu 2005/2006 Session 7.2833 6.45 Ethno-Archaeology

1 Benin National Museum, Edo February, 2007 5.6167 6.55 Cultural Resource Management
2 Iga-Idungunran Palace of Oba of Lagos February, 2007 2.7 - 3.7 6.3667 - 6.7 Cultural Resource Management
3 Olumo rock, Abeokuta, Ogun February, 2007 Cultural Resource Management
4 Ijesha, Osun March, 2007 5.25 7.5 Historical Archaeology
5 Ijebu-Ode, Ogun February, 2007 3.9167 - 4.1 6.7 - 6.9 Historical Archaeology
6 Enugu National Museum, Enugu February, 2007 7.2833 6.45 Cultural Resource Management
7 University of Ibadan, Oyo March, 2007 Historical Archaeology
8 Osun-Osogbo Annual festival February, 2007 4.5568 7.7654 Cultural Resource Management
9 Benin, Edo February, 2007 5.6167 6.55 Settlement Archaeology
10 Ibarapa Central LGA & Iwajowa LGA, Oyo March, 2007 2.65 - 3.3833 7.6833 - 8.3167 Environmental Archaeology
11 Old Oyo, Ile-Ife & Benin March, 2007 Cultural Resource Management
12 Akinyele LGA Oyo & Abeokuta-South, Ogun February, 2007 3.75, 3.433 7.8333, 7.1667 Cultural Resource Management
13 Ikenne town, Ijebuland, Ogun February, 2007 Settlement Archaeology
14 Ibadan-Ijebu, Ijebu North-East LGA, Atan, Ogun February, 2007 3.9167 6.8167 Cultural Resource Management
15 Ojoo, Oyo February, 2007 5.9667 7.3667 Environmental Archaeology
16 Ijebu-Ode, Ogun February, 2007 3.9333 6.8167 Cultural Resource Management
17 Okeho town, Kajola LGA, Oyo February, 2007 3.35 - 4.5667 7.9833 - 8 Historical Archaeology
18 Oluana, Akinyele LGA, Oyo February, 2007 Environmental Archaeology
19 Kogi March, 2007 6.21 -6.215 7.4617 - 7.475 Historical Archaeology
20 Old oyo, Oyo February, 2007 3.5833 - 4.6667 8.1667 - 9.0833 Cultural Resource Management
21 Ikorodu LGA, Lagos March, 2007 Cultural Resource Management
22 Egbeda LGA, Oyo February, 2007 4 - 4.0667 7.4333 - 7.5333 Ethno-Archaeology
23 Igbo-Oloyin, Akinyele LGA, Oyo February, 2007 3.9667 7.5333 Environmental Archaeology
24 Ilesha, Osun February, 2007 Historical Archaeology
25 Lagos February, 2007 2.5 - 5 5.0833 Cultural Resource Management
26 Nigeria February, 2007 Historical Archaeology
27 Fiditi, Oyo February, 2007 4.9167 8.8167 Artifact Classification
28 Ibadan North LGA, Oyo February, 2007 Historical Archaeology
29 Abafamimu, Oyo February, 2007 Ethno-Archaeology
30 Badagry, Lagos March, 2007 3.05 6.0833 Cultural Resource Management
31 Asaba, Delta February, 2007 Cultural Resource Management
32 Obafemi Owode LGA, Ogun February, 2007 3.4167 7.25 Reconnaissance Survey
119
THE BREAK DOWN ANALYSIS FOR PROJECT FOR EACH YEAR (2000 – 2007)
THE BREAK DOWN FOR YEAR 2000 Appendix 8

CASE STUDY (2000)
STATES IN NIGERIA Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Anambra 3 8.6 8.6 8.6
Bayelsa 1 2.9 2.9 11.4
Delta 2 5.7 5.7 17.1
Edo 1 2.9 2.9 20.0
Kogi 2 5.7 5.7 25.7
Lagos 3 8.6 8.6 34.3
Niger Delta 2 5.7 5.7 40.0
None 3 8.6 8.6 48.6
Ogun 2 5.7 5.7 54.3
Osun 4 11.4 11.4 65.7
Oyo 11 31.4 31.4 97.1
Plateau 1 2.9 2.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
120
NAMES OF SUPERVISOR (2000)
NAMES OF SUPERVISOR Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Dr. B.J. Tubosun 1 2.9 2.9 2.9
Dr. C.A. Folorunso 3 8.6 8.6 11.4
Dr. D.A. Aremu 1 2.9 2.9 14.3
Dr. J.O. Aleru 3 8.6 8.6 22.9
Dr. K.D. Aiyedun 3 8.6 8.6 31.4
Dr. P.A. Oyelaran 8 22.9 22.9 54.3
Dr. P.A. Oyelaran & Dr. B.J.

1 2.9 2.9 57.1
Tubosun
Dr. R.A. Alabi 2 5.7 5.7 62.9
Dr. R.A. ALABI 1 2.9 2.9 65.7
Dr. R.A. Alabi & Mr. J.J.

1 2.9 2.9 68.6
Akpobasa
Dr. S.O. Ogundele 5 14.3 14.3 82.9
Mr. P.G. Ajekigbe 3 8.6 8.6 91.4
121
Total 35 100.0 100.0
TYPES OF PROJECT (2000)
TYPES OF PROJECT Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Cultural Resouce
6 17.1 17.1 17.1
Management
Total 35 100.0 100.0
122
123
CO-ORDINATES (2000)
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
WITHOUT CO-ORDINATES 7 20.0 20.0 20.0
WITH CO-ORDINATES 28 80.0 80.0 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
124
REGIONS IN NIGERIA (2000)
Geo-Political Zones Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
None 3 8.6 8.6 8.6
South-East 3 8.6 8.6 25.7
South-South 6 17.1 17.1 42.9
South-West 20 57.1 57.1 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
125
BREAK DOWN FOR YEAR 2001 Appendix 9
CASE STUDY (2001)

Percent
Delta 2 6.7 6.7 6.7
Ekiti 1 3.3 3.3 10.0
Kwara 2 6.7 6.7 16.7
Lagos 5 16.7 16.7 33.3
None 1 3.3 3.3 36.7
Ogun 5 16.7 16.7 53.3
Ondo 1 3.3 3.3 56.7
Osun 4 13.3 13.3 70.0
Osun & Edo 1 3.3 3.3 73.3
Oyo 8 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
126

Percent
Dr. B.J. Tubosun 4 13.3 13.3 13.3
Dr. D.A. Aremu 3 10.0 10.0 23.3
Dr. K.D. Aiyedun 6 20.0 20.0 43.3
Dr. P.A. Oyelaran 4 13.3 13.3 56.7
Dr. R.A. Alabi 5 16.7 16.7 73.3
Dr. S.O. Ogundele 3 10.0 10.0 83.3
Mr. J.J. Akpobasa 1 3.3 3.3 86.7
Mr. P.A. Oyelaran 1 3.3 3.3 90.0
Mr. P.G. Ajekigbe 1 3.3 3.3 93.3
Total 30 100.0 100.0
127

Percent
Cultural Resource
3 10.0 10.0 13.3
Management
Total 30 100.0 100.0
128
CO-ORDINATES (2001)

Percent
Total 30 100.0 100.0
129

Percent
None 1 3.3 3.3 3.3
South-South 2 6.7 6.7 16.7
South-West 24 80.0 80.0 96.7
South-West & South-South 1 3.3 3.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
130
THE BREAK DOWN FOR THE YEAR 2002 Appendix 10
CASE STUDY (2002)
STATES IN Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

NIGERIA Percent
Anambra 2 5.7 5.7 5.7
Delta 2 5.7 5.7 11.4
Edo 1 2.9 2.9 14.3
Enugu 1 2.9 2.9 17.1
Lagos 6 17.1 17.1 34.3
Ogun 7 20.0 20.0 54.3
Ondo 2 5.7 5.7 60.0
Osun 2 5.7 5.7 65.7
Oyo 12 34.3 34.3 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
131

Percent
Dr. B.J. Tubosun 2 5.7 5.7 5.7
Dr. C.A. Folorunso 4 11.4 11.4 17.1
Dr. D.A. Aremu 3 8.6 8.6 25.7
Dr. J.O. Aleru 4 11.4 11.4 37.1
Dr. P.A. Oyelaran 8 22.9 22.9 60.0
Dr. R.A. Alabi 7 20.0 20.0 80.0
Mr. P.G. Ajekigbe 6 17.1 17.1 97.1
Total 35 100.0 100.0
132

Percent
Cultural Resource
2 5.7 5.7 11.4
Management
Total 35 100.0 100.0
133
CO-ORDINATES (2002)

Percent
Total 35 100.0 100.0
134

Percent
South-East 3 8.6 8.6 8.6
South-South 3 8.6 8.6 17.1
South-West 29 82.9 82.9 100.0
Total 35 100.0 100.0
135
CASE STUDY (2004)
STATE IN NIGERIA Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Abia 1 1.4 1.4 1.4
Anambra 1 1.4 1.4 2.7
Delta 1 1.4 1.4 4.1
Edo 3 4.1 4.1 8.2
Ekiti 1 1.4 1.4 9.6
Kaduna 1 1.4 1.4 11.0
Kwara 2 2.7 2.7 13.7
Lagos 19 26.0 26.0 39.7
None 3 4.1 4.1 43.8
Ogun 6 8.2 8.2 52.1
Ondo 3 4.1 4.1 56.2
Osun 8 11.0 11.0 67.1
Oyo 23 31.5 31.5 98.6
Oyo, Osun & Edo 1 1.4 1.4 100.0
Total 73 100.0 100.0
136

Percent
Dr. B.J. Tubosun 12 16.4 16.4 16.4
Dr. D.A. Aremu 9 12.3 12.3 28.8
Dr. J.O. Aleru 8 11.0 11.0 39.7
Dr. P.A. Oyelaran 14 19.2 19.2 58.9
Dr. R.A. Alabi 8 11.0 11.0 69.9
Dr. S.O. Ogundele 5 6.8 6.8 76.7
Mr. J.J. Akpobasa 1 1.4 1.4 78.1
Mr. P.G. Ajekigbe 8 11.0 11.0 89.0
Prof. (Mrs) Sowunmi 8 11.0 11.0 100.0
Total 73 100.0 100.0
137

Percent
Cultural Resource Management 12 16.4 16.4 16.4
Total 73 100.0 100.0
138
139
CO-ORDINATES (2004)

Percent
Total 73 100.0 100.0
140

Percent
None 3 4.1 4.1 4.1
North-West 1 1.4 1.4 8.2
South-East 2 2.7 2.7 11.0
South-South 4 5.5 5.5 16.4
South-West 60 82.2 82.2 98.6
Total 73 100.0 100.0
141
CASE STUDY (2005)

Percent
Delta 2 5.9 5.9 5.9
Lagos 3 8.8 8.8 14.7
Niger Delta 1 2.9 2.9 17.6
Ogun 2 5.9 5.9 23.5
Ondo 2 5.9 5.9 29.4
Osun 1 2.9 2.9 32.4
Oyo 22 64.7 64.7 97.1
Plateau 1 2.9 2.9 100.0
Total 34 100.0 100.0
142

Percent
Dr. B.J. Tubosun 5 14.7 14.7 14.7
Dr. C.A. Folorunso 1 2.9 2.9 17.6
Dr. D.A. Aremu 4 11.8 11.8 29.4
Dr. O.A. Opadeji 7 20.6 20.6 50.0
Dr. P.A. Oyelaran 7 20.6 20.6 70.6
Dr. R.A. Alabi 4 11.8 11.8 82.4
Dr. S.O. Ogundele 3 8.8 8.8 91.2
Mr. P.G. Ajekigbe 3 8.8 8.8 100.0
Total 34 100.0 100.0
143

Percent
Cultural Resource
4 11.8 11.8 11.8
Management
Total 34 100.0 100.0
144
CO-ORDINATES (2005)

Percent
Total 34 100.0 100.0
145

Percent
South-South 3 8.8 8.8 11.8
South-West 30 88.2 88.2 100.0
Total 34 100.0 100.0
146
CASE STUDY (2006)
STATES IN Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

NIGERIA Percent
Enugu 1 33.3 33.3 33.3
Lagos 1 33.3 33.3 66.7
Osun 1 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 3 100.0 100.0
147

Percent
Dr. O.A. Opadeji 1 33.3 33.3 33.3
Dr. R.A. Alabi 1 33.3 33.3 66.7
Mr. P.G. Ajekigbe 1 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 3 100.0 100.0
148

Percent
Total 3 100.0 100.0
149
CO-ORDINATES (2006)

Percent
Total 3 100.0 100.0
150

Percent
South-East 1 33.3 33.3 33.3
South-West 2 66.7 66.7 100.0
Total 3 100.0 100.0
151
CASE STUDY (2007)

Percent
Delta 1 3.1 3.1 3.1
Edo 2 6.3 6.3 9.4
Enugu 1 3.1 3.1 12.5
Kogi 1 3.1 3.1 15.6
Lagos 4 12.5 12.5 28.1
None 1 3.1 3.1 31.3
Ogun 6 18.8 18.8 50.0
Osun 3 9.4 9.4 59.4
Oyo 11 34.4 34.4 93.8
Oyo & Ogun 1 3.1 3.1 96.9
Oyo, Osun & Edo 1 3.1 3.1 100.0
Total 32 100.0 100.0
152

Percent
Dr. B.J. Tubosun 4 12.5 12.5 12.5
Dr. J.O. Aleru 4 12.5 12.5 25.0
Dr. O.A. Opadeji 4 12.5 12.5 37.5
Dr. R.A. Alabi 5 15.6 15.6 53.1
Mr. P.G. Ajekigbe 4 12.5 12.5 65.6
Prof. C.A. Folorunso 4 12.5 12.5 78.1
Prof. P.A. Oyelaran 7 21.9 21.9 100.0
Total 32 100.0 100.0
153

Percent
Cultural Resource Management 14 43.8 43.8 46.9
Total 32 100.0 100.0
154
CO-ORDINATES (2007)

Percent
Total 32 100.0 100.0
155

Percent
None 1 3.1 3.1 3.1
South-East 1 3.1 3.1 9.4
South-South 3 9.4 9.4 18.8
South-West 25 78.1 78.1 96.9
Total 32 100.0 100.0
156

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CHAPTER 1

Why is a project compulsory for the final year undergraduate student?

1.2 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN: Geography

Location and size:

1.4 HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND

Motivated by his patriotic and scholastic determination to have archaeology established at

1.5 PHILOSOPHY OF THE DEPARTMENT

The guiding philosophy of the department has been the following:

1.6 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS & NOTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS

1.7 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY

1. The geographical spread of undergraduate projects of the department of archaeology,

 Modern archaeology: which is the study of modern society using archaeological

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODS OF STUDY

2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

According to Ogundiran (2002:15), ‘the establishment of the archaeological Research Unit

Characteristics of final year projects

2.4 RELEVANCE OF STATISTICS AS A TOOL IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL

2.5 MAJOR LIMITATIONS OF USE OF STATISTICAL METHODS FOR

DATA COLLECTION AND MAP ANALYSIS

3.1 DATA COLLECTION

Find place name: Orile-Owu, Osun

Region: South West of Nigeria

Description: An investigation of defensive ditches and embarkments as tourist attractions

Nature of Site: Stratified

Present location of the finds: Not stated

Finds collected by: Benjamin Adedapo Adegoke. 2000

Find place name: Umuchu town, Aguata LGA, Anambra

Region: South East of Nigeria

Co-ordinates: 70 05’- 70 13’N / 50 33’- 50 58’E

Description: The settlement pattern of Umuchu town

Nature of Site: Stratified

Finds collected by: Ejikeme Roseann Nonye. 2000

Find place name: Jobele, Iwo-Isin in Irepodun LGA, kwara

Region: North Central of Nigeria

Co-ordinates: 70 46’N / 50 04’E

Description: Indigenous architecture and settlement patterns in Yorubaland

Nature of Site: Stratified

Present location of the finds: Not stated

Finds collected by: Adekunle Adegbile Emmanuel. 2001

Find place name: Njikoka LGA, Anambra

Region: South East of Nigeria

Co-ordinates: 60N / 50 9’E

Description: Architecture and settlement pattern of indigenous areas of Abba town

Nature of Site: Stratified

Present location of the finds: Not stated

Finds collected by: Urubusi O.S. 2002

Find place name: Ngwo, Enugu-North LGA, Enugu

Region: South East of Nigeria

Description: Solid waste disposal strategy

Nature of Site: Stratified

Finds collected by: Agwah Maureen Amuche. 2002

Find place name: FIIRO, Oshodi /Isolo LGA, Lagos

Region: South West of Nigeria

Description: Developing and improving indigenous technologies in Nigeria, implications

Nature of Site: Stratified

Present location of the finds: Not stated

Finds collected by: Macaulay Anthony Effiok. 2004

Find place name: Epe LGA, Lagos

Region: South West of Nigeria

Co-ordinates: 60 31’N – 60 45’N / 40E – 40 15’E

Description: Settlement pattern and land-use system of Igbo-oye community

Nature of Site: Stratified

Present location of the finds: Not stated

Finds collected by: Ladele Ishaq Oluwasegun. 2004

Adeyemi's Final Project

Adeyemi's Final Project