Water Treatment Engineering Assignment I 2017

JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSITITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Department of Civil Engineering (Evening Class)

Water treatment Engineering Assignment I

Note: Do all questions by a group of 10 students according to your order:

1) Water contains sand particles of three major sizes: 0.002 mm, 0.6 mm, and 60 mm. A settling
basin is designed to achieve 100% removal of 0.6 mm diameter particles. Assume water
temperature is 25oC. How much removal can be achieved for the other particle sizes? Take ρw =
997 kg/ m3, ρp = 2650 kg/ m3 and μw = 0.89 x 10-3 N.S/m2 (10 pts).
2) A column analysis of a flocculating suspension is run the apparatus shown below. The initial
solids concentration is 250 mg/L. The resulting matrix is shown below. What will be the overall
removal efficiency of a settling basin which is 3 m deep with a detention time of 1 h and 45 min?

3) Design a settling tank (coagulation–sedimentation) with continuous flow for treating water for a
population of 48,000 persons with an average daily consumption of 135lit/head. Take detention
period of 3hrs and maximum day factor of 1.8. Take depth of tank =3 to 4.5 m and assume free
board.
4) A water treatment plan uses ferrous sulphate and lime as a coagulant at the rate of 10mg/l of
water .Find out the quantity of ferrous sulphate and the required to treat 27 million liters of
water.

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 Water Treatment Engineering Assignment I 2017
5) Design the water depth for a mixing basin having around the end baffle in order to meet 48MLD
of water. The tank divided in to two similar compartments by providing a longitudinal partition
wall and each half may have a clear width of 8m. Assume suitable values of detention period and
flow velocity through the basin. The clear distance between baffles may be kept as equal to
minimum permissible. Mention the number of channels in the tank and also the overall inside
length of the channel.

6) A water treatment plant is designed to process 8 MGD. The flocculation basin will have three
compartments with transverse paddle units. The velocity gradient will be tapered through the
basins as follows: 40, 30, 23, and 18sec-1. Each compartment will contain one single horizontal
shaft with two paddle reels which have four paddles per reel. The basin will be 35 ft wide, and
17 ft deep (includes 2 ft freeboard) to connect to the settling basin. The best Gtd value for this
system has been found to be 3.4x104. Determine the following: (a) basin dimensions (ft), (b)
power requirements (kW), (c) basin configuration, (d) paddle dimensions (in), and (e) rotational
speed of the paddles (rpm) if the paddle tip velocity is 2.0 ft/sec. The water temperature is 22oC.

7) Design a slow sand filter for a community of 40,000 populations. The per capita water demand of
the water supply is 180lit/capita per day and the rate of filtration is 150lit/m2/hr. MDF = 1.8

8) Design a rapid sand filter to treat water for 240,000 population, the per capital water consumption
of the town is 200lit/head/day. The filter works all the 24hrs. Assume rate of filtration as
100lit/m2/min and maximum day factor is 1.8.

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 Water Treatment Engineering Assignment I 2017
9) Design a conventional rectangular horizontal-shaft flocculation tank unit for 10 MLD of settled
raw water after coagulant addition and rapid mixing as per design parameters given below:

Detention time (t): 10 – 30 minutes

Velocity gradient (G): 0 – 75 /s
Gt: 2 x 104 – 6 x 104
Tank Depth (D): <5m
Paddle tip speed (vp): 0.25 – 0.75 m/s
Velocity of paddle relative to water (v): 0.75 x paddle tip speed
Paddle area (Ap)/Tank section area (AT): 10:100 to 20:100
Coefficient of drag on paddle blade (CD): 1.8
Maximum length of each paddle (l): 5.0 m
Maximum width of each paddle (b): 0.50 m
Kinematic viscosity: 1.003 x 10-6 m2/s
Dynamic viscosity of water: 1.002 x 10-3 N.s/m2
Freeboard: 0.50 m
Draw a net sketch of the designed tank (top and front view) clearly showing tank dimensions,
paddle shaft position, paddle blade dimensions, water level, etc. Also mention paddle rotation
speed and power requirement

10) What is water hardness? What causes for formation of water hardness? Discuss on the difference
between temporary and permanent hardness. Also, explain the methods of water softening
process in detail.

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