KNOWN: Airis enclosed at uniform pressure in a vertical, cylindrical container whose top and bottom surfaces are maintained at different temperanaves, FIND: (s) Conditions in air when bettom surfice ic colder than top eurdace,(b) Conditions when bottom surface is hotter thaa top surface. SCHEMATIC: 3) C3 a Ty Air (0, and Nz) Te ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Uniform pressure (2) Perfect gas behavior ANALYSIS: (@) IFT, > Tp, the axial temperature gradient (6 /ds) will resuit in an axial density gradient. However, siace do/de<0 there will be no buoyancy driven, convective motion of the mictue. ‘There will also be axial species density gradients, dp ax aad dpy,, idx. However, there is a0 redientasscinted withthe mass factions (dip, dx =0,dane, /dx=0). Hence, om Fick's law, Eq. 14.4, thee i no ams wansfer by dithsion - (ET ST, dp /dx> 0 and there will be a buoyancy dhiven, comvective motion ofthe mixtwe However, do, dx =0 and dmg, /Ax=0, and there i still no mass transfer. Hence. although there is motion of each species with the coavective motion ofthe mixture, there iso relative mation ja=-D, ‘would be inappropriate for this problem since is not uniform. If applied, this special case indioates that mass transfer would occur, thereby providing an inceect rest,KNOWN: Fresswe and temperature of hydrogen stored in a spherical steel tank of prescribed diameter and thickness, FIND: (s) Initial sate of hydrogen mass love fiom the tanks (b) Initial rate of pressure deop in the tak: Sane een D=100, dr iy rigeger “) Cp ,o2Skmol/m>. 300K Steel (B) 3 Dygt 03x10 mi/s "A,r Lemm ™My=2kg|kmol ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional species diffision in a stationary medium, (2) Unifoem total ‘malar concentration, C. (3) No chemical sesetions Na, =SAo SAL ___S ao __ Rugif (1/4Dap)(1/r -1!19) P /s\i5 kmolint b Nas 710.05 m—1/0.052 my = 7.3510“ kmol/s ag,=MAaNa, =2 kg/kmolx7.35«107? kmol/s =14.7«107! kgs. < (© Applying 2 species balance to control volume about the hydrogen, Ma; Ma out =PAr Nig, SAW) _2D3 dog nD? dpa _xD'ma dpa. . at dt ORT at ORT dt Hence 6(0.08314 m> ‘bar/kmol-K }(300 K) agp -- x (0.1m°)? kg/kmol COMMENTS: Ifthe spherical shell is appoximated as a plane wall. N,.=Daz(Ca.o) =D” x 10"? kmol’s. This result is 4% lower than that associated with the spherical shell calculatoa,KNOWN: Molar coacentatious oflelium atthe ianer and outer surfaces ofa plastic membrage. Diffusion coefficient aid membrane thichuess, FIND: Molar diivcion fixe SCHEMATIC: L:0001n———> 0 “n2/s ye B(plastic) AX Aheliur) } Daa? Cp,1=002 kmolfms Cpyg20.005kmol/ms ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state consltions, 2) One-dimensional diffusion in a plane wall, 3) Stationary medium, (4) Uniform C = Ca > Cp, ANALYSIS: The molar fax may be obtained fiom Eq. 14.50, on? Daa / 10? m?/5 5 99.905 3 Nax (Cay -Ca a )=———— 0.02 -0.005 kmol/nr ‘ax = 28 (Car Car)“ Sone mol/a Nay =1.5*107 kmol/s- my’. < COMMENTS: The mass duis ‘kmol/s-m? =6%10 kg/s-m’.KNOWN: Osyzen pressures on opposite sides of a rubber membrane FIND: (2) Molar diffusion flux of O,, (b) Molar concentvations of Op outside the ruber. SCHEMATIC: Oxygen (A) ny, Pa yt2bar C0) Ay od ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional, steady-state conditions, (2) Stationary medium of uniform total molar concentration, C= Cq + Cg, (2) Perfect gno behavior. PROPERTIES: Table -8, Onygenaubber 298 K): Day ~ 021 » 10° m/s; Table 10, Oxygeo rubber (298K); $= 3.12 » 10” kamcl mt bar: ANALYSIS: (a) For the assumed conditions Nax JAx From Eq, 1433, Ca(0)=Spai= Ca(L)=Spa,2~ 3.126107 Hence gp, (02809-31210 )emou a Nh =0.219109 nr a Ni. =131x10kmol/s-m” < (©) From the perfect gas law Cay -PAL-—_2b# 0807 mot? < RT (0.08314 m’ -bar/kmol-K)298 K Cao =0.5C, 1 =0.0404 kmol/m>, < COMMENTS: Recomize that the molar concentrations outside the membrane cffer fiom those within the membrane; that is Ca + Ca(0) and Ca.2* Ca).KNOWN: Water vapor is wansered through cry wall by diffusion FIND: The muss diffusion sate through 2 0.01 x3 x 5 m wall. SCHEMATIC: Dry wall ase Insulation Sheom eS Dagl0"'me|s Sesto kmolfm3-bar Moist air Py 120.05bar ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) One-dimensional species diffusion, (3) Homogeneove madivm, (1) Constant propertias, (5) Uniform total molar concentration, (6) Stationary saedium with x, << 1, (7) Negligible condensaticn in the dey wall. ANALYSIS: From Ey. 1446, Nix =-CDas SA dx, From Ey 1433 Ca =Spa> <0 kmol/m? Hence > 5X im? 10-9 x2 gy 1Sx1OT kod m 0.0m N 015x107! kmot/s- m? Therefere na =Maq(A-N&)=18kg/kmolx15 m? 0.15107" kmol/s-m” ng =4.0510 kg/s <KNOWN: Pressure and temperature of helium in a glass cylinder of 100 mm inside diameter and 5 ‘mma thickness, FIND: Mass rate of helium loss per unit length. SCHEMATIC: ‘D+ 0.1m Helium (A) Glass cylinder (B),0005m thick Pas24bar Test ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-siate conditions, (2) One-dimensional radial diffusion through cylinder ‘wall, () Negligible end losses, (4) Stationary medium, (5) Uniformtotal molar concentration, (6) ‘Negligible bel concentration outside cylinder. PROPERTIES: Table A-8, He-SiO; (298 K): Dap~ 0.4% 10? m/s; Table A-10, He-SiO; (298 Ki): S= 0.45 « 10° anatlan shar ANALYSIS: From Table 14.1. na, o CASIACAS? ‘At “in(h/q)/2eDap where, from Eq. 14.44, Cas =Spa. Hence Casi -Spa1=0.45:10 kamol/m? -barsctbar=1.8%10-Femol > Caso =SPa Hence 1.8107 kmol/ m? Nag=—_ 800 eel 1n(0.055/0.050)/ 21 (04x07? m’ Nag =4.75x107)> iamol sm. ‘The mass loss is thea aly» =MaNig , =4 kg/kamolx<4.75x107} kamol /s-m n’ , =1.90x107!4 kg sem.KNOWN: Pressure, temperature and mole fiaction of CO in auto exhaust. Diffusion coefficient for CO in gas mixture. Film thickness and reaction rate coefficient for catalytic surface FIND: (a) Mole faction of CO at catalytic curfice aad CO semoval sate, (o) Effect of reaction sate coefficient on removal rate, SCHEMATIC: Thin fim CO, gn = 104 ©] fb cate antes 7 Kj = 0,005 mis 200 + 02-3200, ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state, (2) One-dimensional species diffusion in film, (3) Negligible feflect of advection in film, (4) Constant total molar concentration and diflusion coedFicient in film. ANALYSIS: From Eg, (14 60) the surface moles concentration ie ) SAL 0.0012 =. =—_—____—______= 0.0008 < THR /Daz) 1, (001m-0.005m/s/10 Fae x4(0 ‘With C= p/+T = 1.2 bari(8.314 x 107 ax’ tas/kamol K x 773 K)= 0.0187 kmolim’, Eq. (14.61) yields 8 CO molar Sin, end hence a CO removal ite, of KCAL N4, =-N'4 (0) =——_——_ as" NAOT Dap) 5: x 3x 2 Ng ROOSmAOOISTIMAL**OH012 745 cg tpmatisg? —— < 14(0.01m%0005:u/s/10%u?/s) Ifthe process is diffusion limited, Lkj/Dap >>1 and wy, -© DAB FAL _ 0.0187imol/ m? 10m? /s 0.0012 24x10Ttmol/sm? < ° L 00im COMMENTS: Ite process is reaction limited, N’a g + 0a kf + 0.KNOWN: Spherical droplet of liquid A and radius r, eveporsting into stagnant gas B. FIND: Evaporation sate of species A in terms of pg sat partial pressure pa(), the total pressure p and other pertinent parameters. SCHEMATIC: Palo) AB Liquid droplet (A) ye PORT, ry 7 bd, To ASSUMPTIONS: (J) Steady-state conditions, 2 CCoastant properties, including totl concenvation, ( temperature, (5) Perfect gas belvior. (One-dimensional, radial, species difusion, (3) Droplet and muster air st uniform pressure and ANALYSIS: From Ey. 1431 for a radial spherical coordinate system, the evaporation rte of liquid A into a binary gas mixtwe A+B i find that : 1 4,PoP, Na =4m,Dap—2— 1 in P PAI AS SMOCABRTI-,/f P-Pa where pa.o=Pa (fo )= P4sat- the saturstion pressure of lid A at temperature T.