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# 19 is the only known prime of the form n^n - 8. The next prime in this form (if
it exists) will have more than 34000 digits. [Firoozbakht]
# 19 is the smallest prime mentioned a prime number of times in the KJV Bible.
[Opao]
# The largest number n for which the sum of digits is not smaller than n/2.
[Capelle]
# The smallest prime that is equal to the product of its digits plus the sum of its
digits: 19 = (1 * 9) + (1 + 9). [Losnak]
# 19 is the smallest prime p such that 10*p + 1, 3, 7, 9 are all primes. [Das]
# The recurring decimal cycles for 1/19 to (19 - 1)/19 form a true magic square.
# 2^1 + 3^2 + 5^3 + 7^4 + 11^5 + 13^6 + 17^7 + 19^8 = 17398892111 = prime.
# The largest value of n less than a thousand, such that 2^n+3^n+5^n+7^n is prime.
[Opao]
2^19 + 3^19 + 5^19 + 7^19 = 11417969834487023 is prime.
# 19 is the only prime p less than 30 that does not divide 30, where p + 30 is
composite. [Axoy]
# The only two-digit prime n such that n!/reversal(n)+1 and n!/reversal(n)-1 are
both prime. [Patterson]
# 19^5 + 19^2 + 19^1 + 19^3 + 19^5 + 19^6 + 19^4 + 19^0 = 52135640. [De Geest]
n 6n-1 6n+1
--------------------
1 5 7
2 11 13
3 17 19
4 23 25
5 29 31
6 35 37
7 41 43
8 47 49
9 53 55
10 59 61
11 65 67
12 71 73
13 77 79
14 83 85
15 89 91
16 95 97
17 101 103
18 107 109
19 113 115
# The smallest number of neutrons for which there is no stable isotope. [Hartley]
# 19 is the only known number for which both (10^n-1)/9 and (10^n+1)/11 are primes.
# The Metonic cycle, which involves the phase cycle of the Moon, is a period of
about 19 Julian years. [Gevisier]
# 19 is the largest prime that can be expressed pandigitally in some base b > 1 (19
= 201 in base 3). [Keith]
# The smallest multidigit number (coincidentally prime) that does not form a
palindrome when added to its reversal. [Capelle]
# 19 is the smallest prime which is the sum of three discrete primes (3 + 5 + 11).
[Mander]
# The smallest prime that yields another if its sum of digits is sandwiched between
its digits, 1109 = AP100. [Silva]
# 19 is the sum of all single-digit semiprimes is 19 (4+6+9) and 4^3 + 6^3 + 9^3 =
1009 [Silva]
# 19, 109, 1009, 10009. No other digit can replace the 9 and yield four primes.
Inserting zeros between the digits of 19 yields primes for 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 17, 21,
44, 48, 55, 68, 100 zeros.
Zeros Number
0 19 = Prime
1 109 = Prime
2 1009 = Prime
3 10009 = Prime
4 100009 = 7 * 7 * 13 * 157
5 1000009 = 293 * 3413
6 10000009 = 23 * 434783
7 100000009 = 149 * 671141
8 1000000009 = Prime
9 10000000009 = 295081 * 33889
10 100000000009 = 7 * 13 * 53 * 1979 * 10477
11 1000000000009 = 29 * 519217 * 66413
12 10000000000009 = 47 * 69761 * 3049927
13 100000000000009 = 17 * 541 * 1249 * 8705453
14 1000000000000009 = 179 * 367 * 322459 * 47207
15 10000000000000009 = 197 * 11717 * 4332288241
16 100000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 13 * 84530853761623
17 1000000000000000009 = Prime
18 10000000000000000009 = 19 * 318007 * 1655044667173
19 100000000000000000009 = 557 * 72937 * 2461483384901
20 1000000000000000000009 = 89 * 103 * 727 * 12343 * 11971 * 1015517
21 10000000000000000000009 = Prime
22 100000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 197419 * 5566339100598721
23 1000000000000000000000009 = 53 * 193 * 5189 * 189169 * 82633 * 1205257
24 10000000000000000000000009 = 173 * 3739 * 45879817771 * 336958757
25 100000000000000000000000009 = 317 * 315457413249211356466877
26 1000000000000000000000000009 = 115901179 * 8628039927014029771
27 10000000000000000000000000009 = 461 * 7873 * 339341 * 11725297 *
692466289
28 100000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 23 * 6526241 * 12047047 *
607696954219
29 1000000000000000000000000000009 = 17 * 1021 *
57613642910641239845595437
30 10000000000000000000000000000009 = 18821053 * 531319900113984058171453
31 100000000000000000000000000000009 = 343997 *
290700209594851117887655997
32 1000000000000000000000000000000009 = 5059 *
197667523225933979047242538051
33 10000000000000000000000000000000009 = 2532184185301 *
3949159803638574142309
34 100000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 59 * 95320451 *
60440407 * 3232906373039773
35 1000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 26113 * 20499713702449 *
1868079847957684057
36 10000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 19 * 53 * 569 * 1049 * 20939 *
794560256286499428881893
37 100000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 6361 * 3685603013 *
4265461733431061133622013
38 1000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 167 * 3916011157 *
1529113098003313064420243411
39 10000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 29 * 773 * 13441 *
33188752396862657943073901823097
40 100000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 1613 *
681277804650402294543646062554928023
41 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 3593 *
278318953520734762037294739771778458113
42 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 735173 * 473411 *
28732413402023228574786262684903
43 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 269 *
371747211895910780669144981412639405204461
44 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = Prime
45 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 17 * 181 * 257 * 709
* 2633 * 2896560828828149401 * 2338619856704273
46 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 7 * 13 * 1103 *
142326265885390351133130565846535280546419
47 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 10612446529 *
94228978894485791948153711163918930121
48 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = Prime
49 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 53 * 33929941 *
55608480216048376837592585818758851608433
50 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 23 * 619693 *
303801949081035085406416357 * 230943114146407583
51 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
81968571913187607828701 * 20631405476568442002077
52 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 47807
* 3442651 * 2285813 * 2921012527832482457719550700906739
53 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 61 * 6653 *
13434257 * 12246653 * 14976887817099219115020717738287813
54 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 19 * 103 *
2287 * 57378619 * 21152204856641 * 1840929997355121048523759169
55 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = Prime
56 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 131 * 1289
* 5922100687555889825238808710225691257202754961239851
57 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 25097 *
47590931612383967990516956743829 * 8372477381430169647293
58 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7 * 13 *
47 * 1643821345757 * 14223488766011279006967726932458258348679881
59 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 11069 *
4001286937 * 22578335198067455967303388696235369076794326853
60 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 955957
* 10479967 * 1855321962677 * 210618853 * 2554378194844101943086789731
61 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 17 *
17 * 307114501 * 1098306748096133 * 1025836582202891580862702687580283857
62 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 53 *
65820173 * 10565641 * 2680783726879615088507849 * 10120628473822529606729
63 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
2394464068423655294429688325345192385123940581 * 4176299879322594389
64 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7
* 13 * 89 * 2213 * 201005975457887 * 27757363889344740398229258493813991073178361
65 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
57407806765213342611682109701646617646731253 * 17419233660846923581253
66 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
5011 * 463649614213 * 4304133115991266629019326086727836260747880412467863
67 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
29 * 173 * 389 * 661541 * 2279972641 * 11099726593 *
3060607338067788197518753559037036121
68 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= Prime
69 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 233 * 176144029 * 243655462971284241469045332244275022188090622768643397118037
70
100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7
* 13 * 461441 * 27719514687381131 * 85912588722435682498206622800410226588499783969
71
1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
701 * 6101 * 61518724620516367649694130673826375241 * 3800787890757331900322802049
72
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
19 * 23 * 401 * 2437 * 2837 * 2166491050879227877624043335402337641228499 *
158925967 * 23972181841
73
100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
2273 * 640009 * 472663577 *
145432793359920088930815323300385163632551746780688951881
74
1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 1609 * 2556688350289903 *
243089479289013139347321759970782706988667219525834194767
75
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 53 * 1153 * 1777 * 12723121 * 1714838614622699894508818821677867646452433 *
4220758303106880341
76
100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 = 7
* 13 * 423649 * 5066409637 * 412633029993841 *
1240760993901508574765288918144554098878748703
77
1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
17 * 58823529411764705882352941176470588235294117647058823529411764705882352941177
78
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
1270102423 * 131718413419 *
59774336563903912554239754249518683175186086279598174510557
79
100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009 =
1973 * 2281 *
22220182903213549512011453171075632391960471183422499223960112105266783293
80
1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 214783 * 360592747443720357197 *
12911690531799134903783969795640220563008987528582098259
81
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009
= 30737537 *
325335110617353628561715924083312205529024658026438487898363489566519269257
82
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
9 = 7 * 13 * 157 * 46401991739 *
150842017645808483066517564593203383570668339882644301389279451476613
83
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
09 = 2333 * 7349 * 2961821 * 25134430501753 *
783482240132149073340529248667794897329260655693803146629
84
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
009 = 35190735374357 * 1764003334671730447 * 9446525378537874397788757 *
17052975191451395662532260703
85
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0009 = 991009 *
100907257149026900865683359081501782526697537560203792296538174728988334112001001
86
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00009 = 885023 * 4038451 * 26487664123300753522810233575025275124639262605773 *
10562992324013728075633921
87
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000009 = 1129 * 32959467383168682673 *
268736015137218369400770545632781711948956989707295382666045979377
88
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000009 = 7 * 7 * 7 * 13 * 53 * 103 * 263 * 997 * 9302577834136361 *
1684206015194423425017762911431830297136994720047296251534459
89
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000009 = 28511929 * 131316266047656409 * 3533942033 *
75578009974633661101991422665652594983985823897845085993
90
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000009 = 19 * 3539 * 126019 * 1578617878327594094681 *
2604816950997502703664642212970983 * 286995826295291604199606277
91
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000009 = 109394957929 *
914118912728157387324004224216661794590048541504933403300454410653297779559311521
92
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000009 = 59 * 5521 * 329489 *
9317283733226224339052814158486698205002315167466865180122549843667010154539908779
93
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000009 = 17 * 1356023985893 *
433794166059878998771586968545898337809602947994030358346094104711401173265001989
94
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000009 = 7 * 13 * 13 * 23 * 4289 * 36011 * 585841 * 11818511152796883077 *
3436795252114506974429240541679575708013597573799487748567
95
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000009 = 29 * 29 * 8377 * 4078835209 * 1375068724044461 *
25307830965290039841835261517000007368472719662087010716146035813
96
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000009 = 1008247 * 6704472149415743 *
1292424446445023967463835886447912618628376891 * 1144625208537401088326808948019
97
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000009 = 1433 * 273010845316449497 *
136048448238289667796249806445965191989522715425077037642317 * 28710112637 *
65440321
98
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000009 = 3079409181853103653 *
324737617167922950518581770926420981805685233555106229023735803175419695095128853
99
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000009 = 3221 * 426362206609 *
72816629721289399809217825292529170113189522101509920834398652794394122691532826377
81
100
10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000009 = Propable Prime with warning ...
# The only prime that is equal to the difference of two prime cubes. [Gupta]
# The decimal expansion of 19^19 begins with the digits 19. This is not true for
p^p, where p is any other prime less than 19,000,000,019. [Caldwell]
# Earth's mass (5.9736*10^24) and volume (1.083*10^12) are both multiples of 19.
59736 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 19 * 131
1083 = 3 * 19 * 19
# If p, q, r, s are consecutive prime numbers such that p > q > r > s > 19, then
floor((p * q)/(r * s)) = 1. [Capelle]
# For p >= 19, p = 2q + 3r, where q and r are odd primes. [Capelle]
# 19 is the smallest prime of the form 3p + 2q, where p and q are twin primes.
[Teofilatto]
19 = 3*3 + 2*5
# The sum of 19 consecutive Fibonacci numbers starting from the 19th Fibonacci
number is prime. [Opao]
# There are exactly 19 primes beginning with the digit 2 among primes smaller than
one thousand. [Capelle]
# The first prime p such that p^2 is the reversal of a prime (19^2 = 361, reversal
163 is prime). [Silva]
# 19 is the largest prime factor of (2n)^2 = 1444, the smallest perfect square to
end in the maximum of three 4's ((2*19)^2 = 1444).
Note that 4 is the only non-zero digit that can repeat at the end of a perfect
square, and the most consecutive 4's that can appear in such a place is three.
[Litman]
Quran 1:1 "Bism Allah ArRahmaan ArRaheem" = 4 words with 19 letters.
# An unistable polyhedron is stable on only one face. The simplest such polyhedron
known requires 19 faces.
Whether unistability is possible with fewer faces is an unsolved problem.
[McCranie]
# 19 is the smallest prime equal to the product of twin primes plus their
arithmetic mean (3*5 + 4 = 19). [Teofilatto]
# 19 is the smallest prime which is the sum of two semiprimes in two different
ways. [Post]
19 = 10 + 9 or 4 + 15
# 19 is possibly the largest prime that cannot be represented as the sum of four
distinct primes {2,3,5,7,11,13,19}. [Post]
# The smallest titanic hexagonal-congruent prime has 19 ones on each of its six
sides.
Therefore each side of this hexagon is a repunit prime.
# There are 19 visible diamond patterns on the surface of a fully formed rhombic
triacontahedron when structured using a series of phi-ratio pyramids. An example
being Roger von Oech's Ball of Whacks. [Trace]
# (11, 13, 17, 19) is the first prime quadruple (p, q, r, s) such that s divides
pqr+1. [Loungrides]
# All pairs (a,b) where a+b=19 have prime a*b+19 sums. 19 is the largest prime with
such property. [Bergot]
# The only known prime p of form 4*q+7, where q and 4*p+7 are prime. [Loungrides]