Coursework Submission Coversheet 7LFS1034

Module Title: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND METHODS

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Table of Contents
Executive summary......................................................................................................................... 2

Carbon Footprinting ........................................................................................................................ 3

Environmental Review.................................................................................................................... 5

Natural capital ................................................................................................................................. 8

Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 10

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 12

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Executive summary
I have chosen the “Football Stadium” development project for the consultation. The proposed
development of “Football Stadium” will accommodate 60,000 spectators. Moreover, the stadium
will facilitate the hospitality for the guest and will be able to arrange conference or meeting. At
the outside part of the stadium, there will be retail stores and good parking facilities for the
spectators and fans.

The aim of this report to advice the government body on how the construction and operations of
the football stadium will have the impact on the environments. This report aims to put
recommendations for innovation and future development programs. The tools used to critically
analyze the development program are Environmental Review, Carbon Footprinting, and Natural
Capital.

Fig: New Construction process in a Sequence (Source: METROPOLIS, 2012)

The project description will not be any part of this assessment rather the report will draw evidence
and facts from the secondary sources and peer reviewed. The clear benefits from these assessments
are mentioned with actual or approximately information. As these tools have similarities, the data
might be reused more than one times but the reader will get a clear idea from the conclusion that
associated with the sustainability of the stadium in context of the environmental impacts.

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The chosen tools are some drawbacks which are addressed in this report. The comparisons and
implementations of the tools will give proper distinction and guidance as well as advice to the
government bodies.

Carbon Footprinting
As the project is all about the football stadium, the FIFA announcement for "Green Building
Certificate" can be implemented to reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas like Carbon Die
oxide (Angelidis, 2012). As per the statement of FIFA, the stadium causes only 1.1 percent of
Carbon Footprint. This Stadium Project will cause only 0.06 % of carbon footprint. But after the
renovation, it will be reduced in .05% of carbon footprints (Erten, Fuchs and Furrer, 2015).
Significantly, it is clear that the Stadium Project is accounted of the marginal role in global carbon
emissions.

Fig: Stages of Carbon Footprinting (Source: METROPOLIS, 2012)

Following are the recommendations for this Stadium Project-

1. Solar Panels: Like Amsterdam Arena of Ajax, this stadium might be powered by the about
4000 solar panels and one wind turbine. The main complex of the stadium may comprise
an energy generating escalator (Gilbert, Harvey and Santilli, 2010). Moreover, the stadium

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 can be powered by second-life batteries from the used batteries. If the stadium can equip
375kW solar panels, then the annual production will be 468000 kWh (Erten, Fuchs and
Furrer, 2015). That means the system will produce the same effect of planting about 8300
trees in each year. This proposal will be tremendously helpful for keeping both game and
environment live. (Erten, Fuchs and Furrer, 2015)
2. LED lights: all the modern stadiums are equipped with energy efficient LED lights. The
installation of LED lights will reduce 75% energy consumption which will result in low
production of Carbon Die oxide (Smith, Jensen and Spring, 2018). On the game event, a
stadium consumes 10 MW of electricity from the national grid which means 6.8 metric
tons of Carbon are in the air for the stadium only (Henry, Jin and Ong, 2012). This amount
of carbon can be produced driving car over 17000 miles (Gilbert, Harvey and Santilli,
2010). This is why the projected stadium may follow “Zero Carbon” approach by using
renewable energy.
3. Rainwater: The rainwater can be collected from the roof and reused for the water supply
purposes and to water the field accordingly. Moreover, the collected rainwater can reduce
the pressure of fresh water demand (Gilbert, Harvey and Santilli, 2010). Thus, the stadium
can reduce the demand of power generated for the water supply. This is how the emission
of carbon will be reduced from the stadium. (Smith, Jensen and Spring, 2018)
4. Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED): The Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design (LEED) is the global certificate which measures the sustainability
of a building (Gilbert, Harvey and Santilli, 2010). There are some very easy standards to
be followed to become a sustainable stadium. According to the project plan, if the power
consumption is reduced by 30%, this stadium will get Leadership in Energy &
Environmental Design (LEED) certification (Henry, Jin and Ong, 2012). The best way to
become power efficient is to establishing LED light and LED big screens backed by
previous proposed 4000 solar rooftop panel. Moreover, the stadium can build an extra tank
to store over 3 million gallons of fresh water collected from the rain. (Smith, Jensen and
Spring, 2018)
5. Green roofing- the green roofing is a unique idea for the Stadium project. To adopt the
sustainability, the authority can save 25000 square feet for the green roofing with extinct

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 and native species of plant. This will be very unlike what anyone would see at the stadium.
(Gilbert, Harvey and Santilli, 2010)
6. Transportation- the fans will come to visit the stadium by the public and private vehicles.
If the management provides buses for the fans to come to the stadium, then there will be at
least 8000 cars off the road of the sixty thousand spectators (Gilbert, Harvey and Santilli,
2010). That means, the service will reduce the number of traffic on the roads which has
tremendous effects on the atmosphere and environments. (Smith, Jensen and Spring, 2018)

Environmental Review
The stadium construction project will definitely avoid the negative because the site is situated in
the town having buildings and markets so that people can easily reach to the stadium. For the
stadium, there will be development phase for roadways, parking areas and conference rooms
(Henry, Jin and Ong, 2012).

Fig: Factors of Environmental Review, (Source: METROPOLIS, 2012)

As a stadium project is very vital for any city or country, the summary of Environmental Review
is presented below-

a) Transportation and traffic: a parking management plan should be prepared to address

the parking pressure by establishing event parking or shared parking and pedestrian

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 circulation. After the completion of the construction project, the stadium should have the
capacity to hold at least ten thousand striped parking facilities. The traffic study must be
prepared to analyze several peak hours surrounding the project area (Yüreklý and Yüreklý,
2014). The construction model must be included in the Traffic volumes and the
configurations of roadways. As the increasing number of vehicles has adverse effects on
the environments, the authority can take following steps to discourage people not to bring
their cars-
i) Kept minimum number of spaces
ii) Establishing a toll plaza
iii) Increasing awareness through website and email. (Yüreklý and Yüreklý, 2014)
b) Air quality: the project of constructing the stadium is temporary but it will cause emissions
from the equipment that will be used for the site, activities of construction and fugitive
dusts from the soil (Van Vuuren and Vidal, 2005). The authorities are anticipating that the
emissions and activities will not affect the air significantly as mitigation measures are
associated with the constructions. As per the report, the control of dust will be
implemented. The mitigation plan should focus on as low as 30% emission from the diesel
fuel and low Sulphur fuel (San Pietro and Vercolloni, 2013). Lastly, the fugitive dust
should be controlled by reducing soil erosion.
c) Socioeconomics: though the project will cover some retail outlets, the Stadium will result
in beneficial impacts in the economy by enabling more outlets and retail shop centering it
(Erten, Fuchs and Furrer, 2015). The Stadium will create a large number of job which will
be beneficial for the country. The project authority thinks that there will be about 12000
new jobs (Smith, Jensen and Spring, 2018). Due to an increase in the job, the number of
people will be increased in the city which has a definite adverse impact on the
environments.
d) Resource Contamination: The geotechnical and subsurface environmental nature should
be reviewed and characterized by the requirement of the Stadium project. This report
recommends to fill the geotechnical boring by the organic pit, clay, glacial till, marsh
deposits and shale bed lock (Smith, Jensen and Spring, 2018). It is important that the
foundation supported by pile must avoid building’s settlement. As per the guidance of

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 NJDEP, the presence of any volatile metal and compounds must be checked as well the
Non-Residential Direct Soil Cleanup Criteria must be met. (Erten, Fuchs and Furrer, 2015)
if the presence of Methane gas is observed underlying the within the strata, then the stadium
project should implement methane protection plans (Smith, Jensen and Spring, 2018).
Lastly, this giant stadium needs to contain small quantities of lead based paint and
fluorescent bulbs so that those can be recycled and disposed of very easily in future.
e) Utilities and Infrastructure: Though the stadium will use the existing infrastructure and
utilities of the site, the plan mentioned there will be approximately 1000 linear feet of a
sanitary trunk which will be relocated from the project sire (San Pietro and Vercolloni,
2013). The sewer flows will be approximately 125,321 gallons per day during a game
event. The average peak flow will be a million gallons lesser than the game day (Smith,
Jensen and Spring, 2018). There will be required a new water line for the better water
supply during the training period and lower the pressure of the local cities and resident of
the city. The estimate water flow during the game event is 2500 gallons per minute. The
local purveyor should review the water supply demand for during and after stadium
construction. (Smith, Jensen and Spring, 2018)
f) Water Resources - the Storm Water discharge management must be clear before starting
the construction process. The Stadium Project contains a significant part of the city. That
is why the water flowing during peak hour must meet the requirements and clearance from
the Pollutant water Discharge Elimination System (Erten, Fuchs and Furrer, 2015). The
construction process cannot hamper the water discharge process in any condition. If there
any adverse situation anticipated, then project plan must be reviewed by the Project
authority. (Gilbert, Harvey and Santilli, 2010)
g) Land Use- the Stadium Project is designed to hold more than Sixty thousand spectators
and accommodate seminar and other conferences. The Stadium Project will replace the
present land. The soil test report needs to be reviewed to find out the real capacity of the
land and whether it meets the requirements of the project or not (Smith, Jensen and Spring,
2018). The land may contain underground resources. This is important to save our natural
resources for the future so that the Stadium Project do not face any potential legal
obligation due to environmental issues. (Erten, Fuchs and Furrer, 2015)

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Natural capital
The Natural Capital can be defined as the reliance of human being on the ecosystem through
nature. The Project management and stakeholders are responsible for collecting the specific date
regarding the plan, input materials for the construction like technologies, equipment, expected
annual production (AEP). (Erten, Fuchs and Furrer, 2015)

Fig: LCA of building products, (Source: METROPOLIS, 2012)

The data collected from the primary sources and the LCA data is considered as the secondary data
to quantify the Natural capital and its impact on the construction and operation of the Football
stadium. The LCA data need to associated with the supply, technology, and disposal of material
(Smith, Jensen and Spring, 2018).

The indicators are as follows of Natural Capital-

 Process of construction
 Waste arose from the construction
 Use of fuel and electricity
 Life Cycle Assessment
 Specified technology

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  Maintenance of the site
 Disposal yard and route (Erten, Fuchs and Furrer, 2015)
These units are quantified to analyze the impact on the environment as well as estimate the amount
of greenhouse gas emission, water consumption, toxicity in the freshwater, human toxicity and
lastly the air pollution (Smith, Jensen and Spring, 2018). The waste generated from the site is
considered as the great source of greenhouse and primary indicator for this tool. The LCA factors
are there to cover the regionalization impact due to this construction of this stadium (Yüreklý and
Yüreklý, 2014).

Natural Capital Quantification

As we mentioned before, the project management of the Stadium construction is engaged with the
supply chain of the construction site and operations of the Stadium. The annual energy production
(AEP) is the part of the operational phase (San Pietro and Vercolloni, 2013). There are several
factors which will influence the environmental change and impact on the animal kingdom as well
as atmosphere.

The important factors for the Natural Capital analysis are as follows-

1. Green House Gas Emission: Greenhouse gas includes various gases which cause global
warming. The gases are methane, hydrofluorocarbons, Carbon Die Oxide, Nitrous Oxide

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 and ethane (Henry, Jin and Ong, 2012). The fossil fuel will be used in this project like
diesel mostly. The fuel combustion in order to generate energy production for both
construction and operations are causing .06% global emission (Smith, Jensen and Spring,
2018). This is a marginal emission but has the impact on the environment. After the full
operation, this rate will be increased to .07% from this site alone (Erten, Fuchs and Furrer,
2015).
2. Air pollution: the emitted gases include the ammonia (NH3), Sulphur die Oxide, Nitrogen
die Oxide and Volatile organics elements and compound will cause air pollution to great
extent. The ammonia gas mixes with water to produce Acid rain (Gilbert, Harvey and
Santilli, 2010).
3. Ecotoxicity: the ecotoxicity covers the toxicity present in the freshwater and workers which
is caused by the chemical output from the project site. The chemical waste from the lead
paint and equipment are highly hazardous for the ecosystem and environment (Gilbert,
Harvey and Santilli, 2010). This is why the chemical waste disposal yard will be guided
according to the law and policies.

Recommendations
The analysis by using different tools provides clear evidence on the bad sides of running a
construction project as well as the good side of using the renewable energy. The evidence also
shows how to efficiently use the energy to minimize the emission of the greenhouse gases and
chemical wastes from the construction and operation of Football stadium. The Natural Capital
counting and carbon Footprinting can be helpful as they have covered crucial factors behind the
business decision making without hampering the environments.

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 Fig: Key Activities of the Advising process.

The recommendations for this project are as follows-

1. Integrate Financial Capital with Natural Capital: the investment decision needs to be
backed by the Natural Capital. For the investment assessment in the technologies,
equipment and assets and other financial decisions should cover the Natural Capital. Thus,
the potential risk will not be incorporated into the project.
2. Taking international stadiums is an example: There are series of the stadiums are being
built as a greener one. The stadiums of the Qatar Football World Cup- 2022 are fully
designed with green technologies which will cause zero emission of greenhouse gas during
game events. Technology is very simple, using the solar panel of the roof, the energy will
be produced. This Football stadium can take these steps seriously. The elaboration of this
process has been described earlier.

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 3. Make early collaboration with Engineer and Architecture: For the appropriate as well as
feasible design and sustainable environmental design, the engineers and architecture can
collaborate at the early stage of the construction process. Thus, varieties of expert opinion
from both sides will be considered to make energy efficient and greener stadium for playing
football. (Gilbert, Harvey and Santilli, 2010).

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