DIFERENCIA DIVIDIDAS

Diferencia dividida de primer orden

y 4− y 3
f [ x 3 , x 4 ]=
x 4−x 3
y −y
f [ x n−1 , x n ] = n n−1
x n−x n−1

Diferencia dividida de segundo orden

f [ x 4 , x 5 ] −f [ x3 , x 4 ]
f [ x 3 , x 4 , x 5 ]=
x 5−x 3

Diferencia dividida de cuarto orden

f [ x 3 , x 4 , x 5 , x 6 ] −f [ x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 ]
f [ x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 , x 6 ]=
x 6−x 2

Pequeño ejercicios

f [ x 1 , x 4 , x 6 ]= ❑
❑
f [ x 1 , x 4 , x 6 , x 9 ]= ❑
❑
f [ x 0 , x 1 , … ., x n−1 , x n ] = ❑
❑
INTERPOLACION
POLINOMIO DE NEWTON
Data:
x=[x0 x1 x2 … xn]';
y=[y0 y1 y2 … yn]';
Pn(x)=f(x0)+ f[x0,x1](x-x0)+ f[x0,x1,x2](x-x0)(x-x1)+…..+ f[x0,x1,x2,….,x n](x-x0)(x-x1)(x-x2)….(x-xn-1)

Data:
x=[1.0 2.1 3.1 3.9]';
y=[1.1 4.2 6.9 4.1]';

El polinomio de Newton será:

Pn(x)=f(x0)+ f[x0,x1](x-x0)+ f[x0,x1,x2](x-x0)(x-x1)+ f[x0,x1,x2,x3](x-x0)(x-x1)(x-x2)

Encontrando las diferencias divididas:

i x y Primer orden Segundo orden Tercer Orden
0 1 1.1 f[x0,x1]=2.8182 f[x0,x1,x2]=-0.0563 f[x0,x1,x2,x3]=-1.1683
1 2.1 4.2 f[x1,x2]=2.700 f[x1,x2,x3]=-3.4444
2 3.1 6.9 f[x2,x3]=-3.500
3 3.9 4.1
f[x0,x1]=(y1-y0)/(x1-x0)=2.8182
f[x0,x1,x2]=( f[x1,x2]- f[x0,x1])/(x2-x0)=-0.0563
f[x0,x1,x2,x3]=( f[x1,x2,x3]- f[x0,x1,x2])/(x3-x0)=-1.1683
Pn(x)=1.1+ 2.8182 (x-x0) -0.0563 (x-x0)(x-x1) -1.1683(x-x0)(x-x1)(x-x2)
Pn(x)=1.1+ 2.8182 (x-1) -0.0563 (x-1)(x-2.1) -1.1683(x-1)(x-2.1)(x-3.1)
POLINOMIO DE LAGRANGE
n n
x−x j
pn=∑ Li . f (x i ) Li= ∏
i=0 j=0,i ≠ j x i−x j

Data:
x=[1.0 2.1 3.1 3.9]';
y=[1.1 4.2 6.9 4.1]';

El polinomio de Lagrange será:

Pn(x)=L0f(x0)+ L1f(x1)+ L2f(x2)+ L3f(x3)
x−x 1 x−x 2 x −x3
L0 = (
x 0− x1 )( x 0−x 2 )( x 0−x 3 )
x −x 0 x−x 2 x−x 3
L1 = (
x 1−x 0 )( x 1−x 2 )( x 1−x 3 )
x−x 0 x− x1 x−x 3
L2 = (
x 2−x 0 )( x 2−x 1 )( x2− x3 )
x−x 0 x−x1 x−x 2
L3 = (
x 3−x 0 )( x 3−x 1 )( x 3−x 2 )
x−2.1 x−3.1 x−3.9 x−1 x−3.1 x−3.9 x−1 x−2.1 x−3.9
P3 ( x ) = ( 1−2.1 )( 1−3.1 )( 1−3.9 )1.1+( 2.1−1 )( 2.1−3.1 )( 2.1−3.9 ) 4.2+( 3.1−1 )( 3.1−2.1 )( 3.1−3.9 )6.9
P3 ( x )=−0.1642 ( x−2.1 ) ( x−3.1 )( x−3.9 )−2.1212 ( x−1 )( x−3.1 )( x−3.9 ) −4.1071 ( x−1 ) ( x −2.1 )( x−3.9 )+ 0.9

i x y den(Li) f(xi)/den(Li)
0 1 1.1 -6.6990 -0.1642
1 2.1 4.2 1.98 -2.1212
2 3.1 6.9 -1.68 -4.1071
3 3.9 4.1 4.1760 0.9818