Governments and Politics in Africa

Spring 2018

Review for Final Examination

A. Acronym

AGOA AMU APRM AU COMESA

DRC EOI EAC ECOWAS FOCAC
GDP HDI HIPCs IFIs IMF
ISI LDCS MDRI MDGs NEPAD
OAU OPEC SADC SAPs TNCs

B. Political Parties of Africa

African National Congress (ANC)

Action Group (AG)
All People’s Congress (APC)
Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO)
Front de Libération Nationale (FLN)
Kenya African National Union (KANU)
Malawi Congress Party (MCP)
Movement of Multi-Party Democracy (MMD)
Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA)
National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroon (NCNC)
National Democratic Congress (NDC)
Northern People’s Congress (NPC)
Parti Démocratique de Côte d’Ivoire (PDCI)
Provisional National Defense Council (PNDC)
Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP)
South West African People’s Organization (SWAPO)
Tanganyika African National Union (TANU)
United Democratic Front (UDF)
United National Independence Party (UNIP)
Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)
Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU)
C. Short Answers

1. African state’s own survival strategies in the late 1980s and early 1990s
2. Reasons for the emergence of multiparty democracy in Africa in the 1990s
3. Obstacles to democratic consolidation
4. Two major explanations of military coups
5. Five pillars of structural adjustment
6. External factors for state collapse in Africa in the 1980s

D. Notorious Ruthless African Leaders

1. Sani Abacha 6. Muammar Gaddafi

2. Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali 7. Hosni Mubarak
3. Omar al-Bashir 8. Robert Mugabe
4. Idi Amin 9. Mobutu Sese Seko
5. Jean-Bedel Bokassa 10. Charles Taylor

E. Important Contemporary African Leaders in the 21st Century

1. Paul Biya 9. Uhuru Kenyatta

2. Mohammadu Buhari 10. Yoweri Museveni
3. Blaise Compoare 11. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
4. José Eduardo Dos Santos 12. Pierre Nkurunziza
5. Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 13. Alassane Ouattara
6. Yahya Jammeh 14. Macky Sall
7. Joseph Kabila 15. Ellen Sirleaf-Johnson
8. Paul Kagame 16. Jacob Zuma

F. Post-Conflict Issues

ceasefire constitutional revision disarmament

de-mobilization international monitoring group peace agreement
peacekeeping operation reconciliation reconstruction
referendum repatriation reintegration
retaliatory justice retributive justice retroactive justice
transition government transitional justice
J. Important Terms

apartheid breakthrough coup cash crop

comparative advantage containment countercoup
democratic consolidation democratic reverse democratic transition
democratization dependency theory double turnover criteria
economy of scale electoral democracy failed state
guardian coup horizontal cleavages humanitarian intervention
imperialism indebted industrialization international division of labor
junta kleptocracy liberal democracy
liberalization multiparty democracy neo-colonialism
pariah state pluralistic democracy proxy war
representative democracy responsibility to protect secession
separatism sovereignty state collapse
term of trade underdevelopment vampire state
veto coup warlord state

K. Country Report

Country name
Year of independence
President’s or Prime Minister’s name
Democracy Index (what kind of regime)
Economic Freedom Index (freedom status)
Fragile State Index (status)
Freedom House Index (scores for political rights and civil liberties as well as freedom status)