Subject: Liquid-liquid extraction of ethylene glycol from water by furfural with one stage. Feed, F = 45 kg, of 30 wt% ethylene glycol (B) and 70 wt% water (A). Phase equilibrium diagrams of Fig. 4.14a and 4.14e for 25°C. Find: (a) Minimum amount of solvent. (b) Maximum amount of solvent. (c) % glycol extraction and amounts of solvent-free extract and raffinate for 45 kg solvent. (@) Maximum possible glycol purity in extract. Maximum purity of water in raffinate. Analysis: For a single stage, all mixtures of feed, F, and solvent, S, lie on a straight line between these two points as shown in the following ternary diagram of Fig. 4.14a. (a) The minimum amount of solvent corresponds to the maximum solubility of the solvent in the feed. This is point M; in the diagram below. By the inverse lever arm rule, $/F = 0.097. Therefore, Sin = 0.0972(45) = 4.4 kg. In this case, no extract is obtained. (b) The maximum amount of solvent corresponds to maximum solubility of the feed in the solvent. This is point Mz in the diagram below. By the inverse lever arm rule, $/F = 11.15. Thus, Spax = 11.2(45)= 504 kg. In this case, no raffinate is obtained. Etnylene alyco! (8! ra =, TOR ETE © Analysis: (continued) (©) With 45 kg of solvent, S/F = 1. Therefore, the mixing point, Ms is at the mid point between F and $ in the diagram below. A tic line drawn through point M; determines the raffinate, R, and the extract, E. By total material balance, R + E= F +S = 45 +45 = 90. By the inverse lever arm rule, R/E=0.61. Combining these equations gives: E = 55.9 kg, R= 34.1 kg. From the diagram, the composition of the extract is: 19 w1% B, 76 wt % C, and 5 wt% A. ‘Therefore. the extract contains (0.19)(55.9) = 10.62 kg B. The composition of the raffinate is 8 wt% B, 84 wi% A, and 8 we% C. ‘The % extraction of glycol (B) = 10.62/[(0.30)(45)] x 100% = 78.7%. ‘The amount of solvent-free extract = (55.9)(1 - 0.76) = 13.4 kg ‘The amount of solvent-free raffinate = (34.1)(1 - 0.08) = 31.4 kg.GOOo KX a BEESubject: Liquid-liquid extraction of acetic acid from chloroform by water at 18°C and 1 atm. Given: Equilibrium data for the teary mixture: Assumptions: Equilibrium stages. Find: (a) Compositions and weights of raffinate and extract when 45 kg of a 35 wt% chloroform (C) and 65 wt acetic acid (A) feed mixture (F) is extracted with 22.75 kg of water (S) ina single-stage extraction. (b) Compositions and weights of raffinate and extract if the raffinate from part (a) is extracted again with half its weight of water. (©) Composition of the raffinate from part (b) if all the water is removed from it, Analysi Use a righttriangle diagram of the equilibrium data, which is eas with a spreadsheet (a) In the diagram on the next page, the feed and solvent are represented by points F and S. respectively. The mixing point is My. which is the sum of the feed and solvent (67.75 kg) with an overall composition OF 33.58 wie S, 23.25 wis C, and 43.17 wis A. A tie line passing through point M, locates, on the equilibrium curve, the extract F, and the mffinate R,. If the inverse lever arm rule is used to obtain £ and ), and their compositions are read from the diagram, the following results are obtained: ‘Feed Solvent Extract Raffinate ly produced F Ss Ey Ry ‘Amount, kz 4522.75 55 12.75 Composition, wt: Chloroform 35 ° is 745 A fo 65 ° 48.0 220 Water o 100 40.5 35 (b)_ TER, is mixed with half its weight of solvent (6.375 kg). the mixing point is Mz. shown in the diagram on the next page, with an overall composition of 14.6 wt% A, 49.7 wi% CC. and 35.7 wt% S.. A tie line passing through point Mz locates. on the equilibrium curve. the extract F; and the raffinate R». If the inverse lever arm rule is used to obtain F2 and R, and their compositions are read from the diagram. the following results are obtained: Feed Solvent Extract Raffinate Water-free as Ey Ry _-Raffinate ‘Amount, ke 1245 6375-8895 10.33 10.10 Composition, wes: Chloroform ms 0 Lo 910 932 Acetic acid 20 0 240 67 68 Water 35100 749 13 00 Te) The water Aree raffinate Te included fa the above Table 1.0 o9 |_| _|_ Chloroform - Acetic acid - Water System 18°C, t atm 08 Borf | | — a B06 2 08 Eines & = Bo« / Me - Booth = oll ne Ril 02 i — o | =, Re 0.0 ve] + 00 Of 02 03 04 05 06 O07 08 08 10 Mass fraction of chloroformSubject: Liquid-liquid extraction of benzoic acid (B) from water (A) using chloroform (C). Given: Q = 1,000 Lh of aqueous waste containing 0.05 moV/L of B. $=500 Lh of chloroform solvent. Extraction with a distribution coefficient, Ky a (a), where concentrations are in mol/L. wo Assumptions: Water is insoluble in chloroform. Chloroform is insoluble in water. Equilibrium is achieved in each stage. No change in volumes of feed and solvent as acid transfers from feed to the solvent. Find: Percent extraction of acid for: (@) One stage. (b) Three crosscurrent stages with one-third of solvent to each stage. (©) Three countercurrent stages. Analysis: To simplify the nomenclature, let: kek, velo) t=(4), ‘Thus, from Eq, (1) ar 2 (2) For one stage, the acid material balance is, xQ =yS+mQ or (0205)(1,000 1500 + 11,000 @) Combining Eqs. (2) and (3), yi = 0.0672 mol/L, xy =0.016 mol/L. % extracted = y,8/ te0 x 100% = (0.0672)(500)"0.05)(1,000) x 100% = 67.2% (b) For three crosscurrent stages, can use Eq, (5-21) in the following form, @ where from Eq, (5-14), E = KS/Q = (4.2)(500)/1,000 = 2.1 and N= 3. Frm Eq. (4), 0% = 1-1 __}x100% =79.6% (1421173) (©)) For three-stage countercurrent extraction, Eq. (5-28) applies in the form, Percent extraction = ( =,——___, - 0058 6 ) fi+21428 +20] % extraction = (1 - 0.058) x 100% = 94.2%