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Vacuum Cleaner

1. Vacuum Cleaner : Introduction


A vacuum cleaner, also known as a sweeper or hoover, is a
device that uses an air pump (a centrifugal fan in all but some of the very
oldest models), to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt,
usually from floors, and from other surfaces such as upholstery and
draperies.

The dirt is collected by either a dustbag or a cyclone for later disposal.


Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well as in industry, exist
in a variety of sizes and models--small battery-powered hand-held
devices, wheeled canister models for home use, domestic central vacuum
cleaners, huge stationary industrial appliances that can handle several
hundred litres of dust before being emptied, and self-propelled vacuum
trucks for recovery of large spills or removal of contaminated soil.
Specialized shop vacuums can be used to suck up both dust and liquids.

Although vacuum cleaner and the short form vacuum are neutral names,
in some countries (UK, Ireland) hoover is used instead as a genericized
trademark, and as a verb. The name comes from the Hoover Company,
one of the first and more influential companies in the development of the
device. The device is also sometimes called a sweeper although the same

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Vacuum Cleaner

term also refers to a carpet sweeper, a similar invention.A vacuum


cleaner is a cleaning tool in many households. Most come with a carpet
and rug cleaning design, which features a rotating brush to pick up dirt
so that the vacuum can carry it to the bag. These are called 'upright'
vacuum cleaners, as opposed to 'canister' vacuum cleaners, which are

connected by a hose to the tool being used. Many upright vacuums now
have hoses, which can be used like a canister hose, and some canister
vacuums have power heads, with rotating brushes. Vacuum is created by
an impeller, which pulls air from one part of the machine to another. The
low pressure, or 'vacuum' is used to transport the dirt and dust into a bag
or receptacle.

2. Types of Vacuum Cleaner


The vacuum cleaner evolved from the carpet sweeper via manual
vacuum cleaners. The first manual models, using bellows, were
developed in the 1860s, and the first motorized designs appeared at the
turn of the 20th century, with the first decade being the boom decade.

2.1. Manual Vacuum Cleaner


In 1860 a carpet sweeper was invented by Daniel Hess of West
Union, Iowa that gathered dust with a rotating brush and a bellows for

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generating suction. Another early model (1869) was the "Whirlwind",


invented in Chicago in 1868 by Ives W. McGaffey. The bulky device
worked with a belt driven fan cranked by hand that made it awkward to
operate, although it was commercially marketed with mixed success. A
similar model was constructed by Melville R. Bissell of Grand Rapids,
Michigan in 1876, who also manufactured carpet sweepers. The
company later added portable vacuum cleaners to its line of cleaning
tools.

2.2. Powered vacuum cleaner


The end of the 19th century saw the introduction of powered cleaners,

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Vacuum Cleaner

although early types used some variation of blowing air to clean instead
of suction. One appeared in 1898 when John S.Thurman of St.
Louis, Missouri submitted a patent (US No. 634,042) for a "pneumatic
carpet renovator" which blew dust into a receptacle. Thurman's system,
powered by an internal combustion engine, traveled to the customers
residence on a horse-drawn wagon as part of a door to door cleaning
service. Corrine Dufour of Savannah, Georgia received two patents in
1899 and 1900 for another blown air system that seems to have featured
the first use of an electric motor.

1901 powered vacuum cleaners using suction were invented


independently by British engineer Hubert Cecil Boothand American
inventor David T. Kenney. Booth also may have coined the word
"vacuum cleaner".Booth's horse drawn combustion engine powered
"Puffing Billy", maybe derived from Thurman's blown air design," relied
upon just suction with air pumped through a cloth filter and was offered
as part of his cleaning services. Kenney's was a stationary 4,000 lb.
steam engine powered system with pipes and hoses reaching into all
parts of the building.

2.3. Domestic vacuum cleaner


The first vacuum-cleaning device to be portable and marketed at the
domestic market was built in 1905 by Walter Griffiths, a manufacturer
in Birmingham, England.His Griffith's Improved Vacuum Apparatus for
Removing Dust from Carpets resembled modern-day cleaners; – it was
portable, easy to store, and powered by "any one person (such as the
ordinary domestic servant)", who would have the task of compressing a

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Vacuum Cleaner

bellows-like contraption to suck up dust through a removable, flexible


pipe, to which a variety of shaped nozzles could be attached.

Early electric vacuum cleaner by Electric Suction Sweeper Company, circa 1908

2.4. Post-Second World War


For many years after their introduction, vacuum cleaners
remained a luxury item, but after the Second World War, they
became common among the middle classes. Vacuums tend to be
more common in Western countries because in most other parts of
the world, wall-to-wall carpeting is uncommon and homes
have tile or hardwood floors, which are easily swept, wiped or
mopped manually without power assist.

The last decades of the 20th century saw the more widespread use
of technologies developed earlier, including filterless cyclonic dirt
separation, central vacuum systems and rechargeable hand-held
vacuums. In addition, miniaturized computer technology and
improved batteries allowed the development of a new type of
machine — the autonomous robotic vacuum cleaner. In 1997

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
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Electrolux of Sweden demonstrated the Electrolux Trilobite, the


first autonomous cordless robotic vacuum cleaner on the BBC-TV
program Tomorrow' World, introducing it to the consumer market
in 2001.

2.5. Recent developments


In 2004 a British company released Airider, a hovering vacuum
cleaner that floats on a cushion of air, similar to a hovercraft. It has
claimed to be light-weight and easier to maneuver (compared to using
wheels), although it is not the first vacuum cleaner to do this — the
Hoover Constellation predated it by at least 35 years.

A British inventor has developed a new cleaning technology known as


Air Recycling Technology, which, instead of using a vacuum, uses an air
stream to collect dust from the carpet.[14] This technology was tested by
the Market Transformation Programme (MTP) and shown to be more
energy-efficient than the vacuum method.[15] Although working
prototypes exist, Air Recycling Technology is not currently used in any
production cleaner.

3. Types of Vacuum Cleaner


A wide variety of technologies, designs, and configurations are
available for both domestic and commercial cleaning jobs.

3.1. Upright
Upright vacuum cleaners are popular in the United States, Britain and
numerous Commonwealth countries, but unusual in some Continental
European countries.They take the form of a cleaning head, onto which a
handle and bag are attached. Upright designs generally employ a rotating

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Vacuum Cleaner

brushroll or beater bar, which removes dirt through a combination of


sweeping and vibration. There are two types of upright vacuums; dirty-
air/direct fan (found mostly on commercial vacuums), or clean-air/fan-
bypass (found on most of today's domestic vacuums).

The older of the two designs, direct-fan cleaners have a large impeller
(fan) mounted close to the suction opening, through which the dirt passes
directly, before being blown into a bag. The motor is often cooled by a
separate cooling fan. Because of their large-bladed fans, and
comparatively short airpaths, direct-fan cleaners create a very efficient
airflow from a low amount of power, and make effective carpet cleaners.
Their "above-floor" cleaning power is less efficient, since the airflow is
lost when it passes through a long hose, and the fan has been optimized
for airflow volume and not suction.

Fan-bypass uprights have their motor mounted after the filter bag. Dust
is removed from the airstream by the bag, and usually a filter, before it
passes through the fan. The fans are smaller, and are usually a
combination of several moving and stationary turbines working in
sequence to boost power. The motor is cooled by the airstream passing
through it. Fan-bypass vacuums are good for both carpet and above-floor
cleaning, since their suction does not significantly diminish over the
distance of a hose, as it does in direct-fan cleaners. However, their air-
paths are much less efficient, and can require more than twice as much
power as direct-fan cleaners to achieve the same results.

The most common upright vacuum cleaners use a drive-belt powered by


the suction motor to rotate the brush-roll. However, a more common
design of dual motor upright is available. In these cleaners, the suction is
provided via a large motor, while the brushroll is powered by a separate,
smaller motor, which does not create any suction. The brush-roll motor

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can sometimes be switched off, so hard floors can be cleaned without the
brush-roll scattering the dirt. It may also have an automatic cut-off
feature which shuts the motor off if the brush-roll becomes jammed,
protecting it from damage.

3.2. Canister
Canister models (in the UK also often called cylinder models)
dominate the European market. They have the motor and dust collector
(using a bag or bagless) in a separate unit, usually mounted on wheels,
which is connected to the vacuum head by a flexible hose. Their main
advantage is flexibility, as the user can attach different heads for
different tasks, and maneuverability (the head can reach under furniture
and makes it very easy to vacuum stairs and vertical surfaces). Many
cylinder models have power heads as standard or add-on equipment
containing the same sort of mechanical beaters as in upright units,
making them as efficient on carpets as upright models. Such beaters are
driven by a separate electric motor or a turbine which uses the suction
power to spin the brushroll via a drive belt.

3.3. Drum
Drum or shop vac models are essentially heavy-duty industrial
versions of cylinder vacuum cleaners, where the canister consists of a
large vertically positioned drum which can be stationary or on wheels.
Smaller versions, for use in garages or small workshops, are usually
electrically powered. Larger models, which can store over 200 litres
(44 imp gal; 53 US gal), are often hooked up to compressed air, utilizing
the Venturieffect to produce a partial vacuum. Built-in dust collection
systems are also used in many workshops.

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3.4. Wet/dry
Wet or wet/dry vacuum cleaners are a specialized form of the
cylinder/drum models that can be used to clean up wet or liquid spills.
They are generally designed to be used both indoors and outdoors and to
accommodate both wet and dry debris; some are also equipped with an
exhaust port or detachable blower for reversing the airflow, a useful

function for everything from clearing a clogged hose to blowing dust


into a corner for easy collection.

3.5. Pneumatic
Pneumatic or pneumatic wet/dry vacuum cleaners are a specialized
form of wet/dry models that hook up to compressed air. They commonly
can accommodate both wet and dry soilage, a useful feature in industrial
plants and manufacturing facilities.

3.6. Backpack
Backpack vacuum cleaners are commonly used for commercial
cleaning: they allow the user to move rapidly about a large area. They
are essentially small canister vacuums strapped onto the user's back.

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
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3.7. Hand-held

USB-powered hand-held vacuum cleaner

Lightweight hand-held vacuum cleaners, either powered


from rechargeable batteries or mains power, are also popular for cleaning
up smaller spills. Frequently seen examples include the Black & Decker
DustBuster, which was introduced in 1979, and numerous handheld
models by Dirt Devil, which were first introduced in 1984. Some
battery-powered handheld vacuums are wet/dry rated; the appliance must
be partially disassembled and cleaned after picking up wet materials, to
avoid developing unpleasant odors.

3.8. Robotic

Robotic vacuum cleaner

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The Electrolux Trilobite was the first mass-produced robotic vacuum cleaner.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, several companies


developed robotic vacuum cleaners, a form of carpet sweeper usually
equipped with limited suction power. Some prominent brands
are Roomba, Neato,and bObsweep.Thesemachinesmove autonomously
while collecting surface dust and debris into a dustbin. They can usually
navigate around furniture and come back to a docking station to charge
their batteries, and a few are able to empty their dust containers into the
dock as well. Most models are equipped with motorized brushes and a
vacuum motor to collect dust and debris. While most robotic vacuum
cleaners are designed for home use, some models are appropriate for
operation in offices, hotels, hospitals, etc.

In December 2009, Neato Robotics launched the world's first robotic


vacuum cleaner which uses a rotating laser-based range-finder (a form
of lidar) to scan and map its surrounding. It uses this map to clean the
floor methodically, even if it requires the robot to return to its base
multiple times to recharge itself. In many cases it will notice when an
area of the floor that was previously inaccessible becomes reachable,
such as when a dog wakes up from a nap, and return to vacuum that area.
It also has the strongest impeller among robotic vacuum cleaners, pulling
in 35 CFM (1 m3/min) of air.

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3.9. Cyclonic
Portable vacuum cleaners working on the cyclonic
separation principle became popular in the 1990s. This dirt separation
principle was well known and often used in central vacuum systems.
Cleveland's P.A. Geier Company had obtained a patent on a cyclonic
vacuum cleaner as early as 1928, which was later sold to Health-Mor in
1939, introducing the Filter Queen cyclonic canister vacuum cleaner.

In 1979, James Dyson introduced a portable unit with cyclonic


separation, adapting this design from industrial saw mills. He launched
his cyclone cleaner first in Japan in the 1980s at a cost of about US$1800
and in 1993 released the Dyson DC01 upright in the UK for £200.
Critics expected that people would not buy a vacuum cleaner at twice the
price of a conventional unit, but the Dyson design later became the most
popular cleaner in the UK.

Cyclonic cleaners do not use filtration bags. Instead, the dust is separated
in a detachable cylindrical collection vessel or bin. Air and dust are
sucked at high speed into the collection vessel at a direction tangential to
the vessel wall, creating a fast-spinning vortex. The dust particles and
other debris move to the outside of the vessel by centrifugal force, where
they fall due to gravity.

In fixed-installation central vacuum cleaners, the cleaned air may be


exhausted directly outside without need for further filtration. A well-
designed cyclonic filtration system loses suction power due to airflow
restriction only when the collection vessel is almost full. This is in
marked contrast to filter bag systems, which lose suction when pores in
the filter become clogged as dirt and dust are collected.

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In portable cyclonic models, the cleaned air from the center of the vortex
is expelled from the machine after passing through a number of
successively finer filters at the top of the container. The first filter is
intended to trap particles which could damage the subsequent filters that
remove fine dust particles. The filters must regularly be cleaned or
replaced to ensure that the machine continues to perform efficiently.

Since Dyson's success in raising public awareness of cyclonic separation,


several other companies have introduced cyclone models. Competing
manufacturers include Hoover, Bissell, Shark, Eureka, Electrolux, Filter
Queen, etc., and the cheapest models are no more expensive than a
conventional cleaner.

3.10.Central

The power unit of a typical central vacuum cleaner for residential use

Central vacuum cleaners, also known as built-in or ducted, are a


type of canister/cylinder model which has the motor and dirt filtration
unit located in a central location in a building, and connected by pipes to
fixed vacuum inlets installed throughout the building. Only the hose and
cleaning head need be carried from room to room, and the hose is

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commonly 8 m (25 ft) long, allowing a large range of movement without


changing vacuum inlets. Plastic or metal piping connects the inlets to the
central unit. The vacuum head may be unpowered, or have beaters
operated by an electric motor or by an air-driven turbine.

The dirt bag or collection bin in a central vacuum system is usually so


large that emptying or changing needs to be done less often, perhaps a
few times per year for an ordinary household. The central unit usually
stays in stand-by, and is turned on by a switch on the handle of the hose.
Alternately, the unit powers up when the hose is plugged into the wall
inlet, when the metal hose connector makes contact with two prongs in
the wall inlet and control current is transmitted through low voltage
wires to the main unit.

A central vacuum typically produces greater suction than common


portable vacuum cleaners because a larger fan and more powerful motor
can be used when they are not required to be portable. A cyclonic
separation system, if used, does not lose suction as the collection
container fills up, until the container is nearly full. This is in marked
contrast to filter-bag designs, which start losing suction immediately as
pores in the filter become clogged by accumulated dirt and dust.

A benefit to allergy sufferers is that unlike a standard vacuum cleaner,


which must blow some of the dirt collected back into the room being
cleaned (no matter how efficient its filtration), a central vacuum removes
all the dirt collected to the central unit. Since this central unit is usually
located outside the living area, no dust is recirculated back into the room
being cleaned. Also it is possible on most newer models to vent the
exhaust entirely outside, even with the unit inside the living quarters.

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Another benefit of the central vacuum is, because of the remote location
of the motor unit, there is much less noise in the room being cleaned than
with a standard vacuum cleaner.

3.11.Constellation

Hoover Constellation of 1960

The Hoover Company marketed an unusual vacuum cleaner,


called the Constellation, in the 1960s. The cylinder type lacked wheels,
and instead the vacuum cleaner floated on its exhaust, operating as
a hovercraft, although this is not true of the earliest models. They had a
rotating hose with the intention being that the user would place the unit
in the center of the room, and work around the cleaner. Introduced in
1954, they are collectible, and are easily identified by their spherical
shape. But they remain an interesting machine; restored, they work well
in homes with lots of hardwood floors.

The Constellations were changed and updated over the years until
discontinued in 1975. These Constellations route all of the exhaust under
the vacuum using a different airfoil. The updated design is quiet even by
modern standards, particularly on carpet as it muffles the sound. These

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models float on carpet or bare floor—although on hard flooring, the


exhaust air tends to scatter any fluff or debris around.

Hoover re-released an updated version of this later model Constellation


in the US (model # S3341 in Pearl White and # S3345 in stainless steel).
Changes include a HEPA filtration bag, a 12-amp motor, a turbine-
powered brush roll, and a redesigned version of the handle. This same
model was marketed in the UK under the Maytag brand as
the Satellitebecause of licensing restrictions. It was sold from 2006 to
2009.

4. Parts of Vacuum Cleaner


There are many parts of vacuum cleaner which are following:

4.1. Motor
The heart of any vacuum cleaner. The motor is attached to a
fan that forces air through the exhaust port. Motor strength is a

determining factor of a vacuum cleaner's suction power and


performance.

4.2. Cord
The majority of full-sized vacuum cleaners utilize power cords
to channel electricity to the suction unit. Power cords are
available in a range of different lengths, all of which provide

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different cleaning radii. Whereas some vacuum cleaners have


automatic cord retract capabilities, others require their power
cords to be manually wrapped around their units after use.
The power cord pictured here is the compatible with the SEBO
Automatic X4 vacuum cleaner.

4.3. Wand
Many vacuum cleaners feature cleaning wands that can
accommodate different attachments and extend for greater
cleaning range. Some wands can be extended to clean along
ceilings and other surfaces where vacuum cleaners
traditionally cannot reach. In some cases, cleaning wands are
electrified and can be connected directly to a power nozzle.
Pictured here is the Miele SET220 telescopic electric
wand, which is compatible with a range of Miele canister
vacuum cleaners that have electric power nozzles.

4.4. Hose
A feature on canister and some upright vacuum cleaners, hoses
extend to provide wider cleaning range. Some hoses can
accommodate attachments for more versatile cleaning.
The hose pictured here is compatible with the SEBO Essential
G1 commercial upright vacuum cleaner.

4.5. Power Head


Also known as the power nozzle, the power head is found at
the base of most vacuum cleaners. These frequently offer
brushroll height adjustment capabilities for cleaning different
floor types. Different types can clean any surface, from bare
floors to deep-pile carpeting. Some power heads also house

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clog ports, which allows for easy removal of blockages that


might damage your unit, or feature headlights that add extra
visibility when cleaning. Pictured here is the Electrolux
UltraSilencer EL7060A Power Head Complete.

4.6. BrushRoller
Frequently found in vacuum cleaners with electric power
nozzles, brush rollers (also known as roller brushes or
brushrolls) agitate fibers to provide deep cleaning on area rugs
and carpeting. These can typically be adjusted (either
automatically or by manual control) to properly clean different
carpet heights or turned off to prevent damage to bare flooring.
The brush rollerpictured here is compatible with the Electrolux
UltraOne Deluxe EL7085ADX canister vacuum cleaner.

4.7. Attachments
Standard vacuum cleaner attachments include the crevice tool,
the dusting brush, and the upholstery tool. Many vacuum
cleaners offer onboard storage for these attachments so they
will always be close at hand while you are cleaning.
Attachments frequently fit on a vacuum's cleaning wand for
added versatility. Crevice tools provide focused suction in
narrow areas, such as behind furniture and along baseboards.
Dusting brushes agitate dust from crevices in hard wood
surfaces for a more thorough clean. Upholstery tools aid in the
cleaning of couches, drapes, and other textiles. Pictured here is
an accessory kit that comes standard with most Miele canister
vacuum cleaners.

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4.8. Headlight
A headlight (typically located on the vacuum's power nozzle)
helps to illuminate your vacuum's cleaning path, so you can
see any dirt or debris that needs to be cleaned. These also
provided added visibility when cleaning under beds and other
furnishings where light may be low. The Miele SEB236 power
nozzle comes equipped with a headlight that helps illuminate
your cleaning duties.

4.9. Control Module


These digital displays are frequently used on central vacuum
suction units and select residential vacuum cleaners. These
alert the user to filter troubles, bag status, and other potential
issues. Pictured here is the electronic canister display on
the Electrolux UltraOne Deluxe EL7085ADX canister vacuum
cleaner.

4.10.Belt
This crucial part keeps a vacuum cleaner's brushroll in motion.
The belt pictured here is compatible with several Bissell
DeepCleaner steam cleaner models.

4.11.Cyclone
On bagless vacuum cleaners, a cyclone (sometimes referred to
as cyclonic technology) funnels dirt and debris into its
dustcup, where it is stored until it can be disposed of. Pictured
here is the Dyson DC41 cyclone assembly.

4.12.Filters
Vacuum cleaners are typically equipped with two filters. One

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is a post-motor filter that prevents debris from entering the


vacuum's inner mechanisms. The other filters particles from
exhausted air to ensure that only clean air is released from the
vacuum. Vacuum cleaners that are equipped with HEPA
filtration systems are capable of capturing up to 99.97% of
particles as small as 0.3 microns inside the vacuum cleaner, so
allergens that are drawn in will not be re-released into your
home. The filter pictured here is the Miele SF-HA50 HEPA
AirClean filter, which is compatible with a range of Miele
canister vacuum cleaners.

4.13.Switch
On/off power switches can be located on different parts of
vacuum cleaners. Some canister vacuum cleaners have on/off
pedals on the canister that can be tapped with the foot. Other
vacuum cleaners have on/off switches on their handles, which
makes taking breaks from cleaning especially easy. The handle
switch configuration pictured here is available on the Miele
Complete C3 Brilliant canister vacuum cleaner.

5. Characteristics of a Vacuum Cleaner


Some characteristics are following:

5.1. Where to start


 Is light weight

 Is quiet operation

 Is easy to use over both carpet and hard carpet and hard
surfaces

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 Has a long cord,so you’re not changing power points every 5


meters

 Has a compact design for easy storage and maneuverability

Another important factor to consider is the type of dust


collector. Cloth bags are messier and harder to empty, while paper
bags are more user friendlier, but have ongoing costs and may be
something you’re always forgetting to buy. The bags also have a
negative effect on the environment. However If the bag is
completely bio degradable, you can simply put them in your
compost your garden worms will love you for the snack.

5.2. Ease of Use


 Telescopic wand: to adjust the height
 Dust collector: how easy is to empty and clean
 Variable suction/power: good for curtain or blind or the car
convenience.
 Dustbag-full indicator: Lets you know when the dust collector is
full without having to open the vacuum.
 Blower: good for blowing up balloons or air beds or even
unblocking the hose onboard storage for accessories: saves you
running around the house looking for the tools when you need
them mostly
 Wand storage: Allows the wand to be attached to the cleaner when
storing. This is useful for keeping all the bits together.
 Retractable cord: This is much easier than winding the cord
around the cleaner. Most uprights don't have this feature, but you
can wind the cord around two hooks to keep it tidy.

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6. Advantages and Disadvantages


There are many advantages and disadvantages of vacuum cleaner, as it
has now become a valuable tool for cleaning dirt and dust in every home.
As a matter of fact, they are one of the handiest domestic tools ever
made. They purify air quality, offer an effective way for cleaning the
floor and reduce the risk of allergy break out. To make vacuum cleaners
more functional and efficient, manufacturing companies are coming up
with shinning body, latest design and other amazing features. Try our
Vacuum cleaner to choose right washing machine by answering simple
questions without reading any buying guide.

Advantages of Vacuum Cleaner

 Vacuum Cleaner Saves Time and Energy


Cleaning with vacuum cleaner is not only hygiene but also it more
secure than cleaning manually using broom. Vacuum cleaners
capable to clean within tens of minutes whereas manually cleaning
takes approximately hours. With vacuum cleaner, you can achieve
the purpose of thorough cleaning within the shortest time possible.
They are fast and easy to use. Additionally, you only need less
effort and energy to handle vacuum cleaner.
 Easy to use
Installing, usage of vacuum cleaner is quite easy. Just plug into
electricity socket and let move on the floor, anywhere you want to
clean.

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 Removes allergen from breathing air


Vacuum cleaner are equipped with HEPA or other type of filters
which blocks, removes air borne disease causing germs, bacteria
and viruses present in your home.

Removes pet hair


Vacuum cleaners are expert in removing pet hair which are stuck
in piles of carpet. Due to high suction power vacuum cleaner
removes pet hair as well as bad odors from carpet.

 Vacuum cleaner comes with advanced features


Vacuum cleaners of nowadays have series of sophisticated
features that you cannot even envisage. When you have vacuum
cleaner with sophisticated features, cleaning will be easy for you.
Furthermore, with vacuum cleaners with advanced features, you
will always get the benefit of having automatic surface revealing
sensor to ascertain and work effectively.
 Vacuum cleaner is a low cost tool
Due to the fact that vacuum cleaner is a low cost tool; you will
always get advancement towards any term. Therefore, you can
always obtain the advantage of saving time and energy by
spending less. The average cost of vacuum cleaner varies
depending on the size and the type you want for your cleaning.
You can get good vacuum cleaner in range rupees 5,000 to 10,000

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner

rupees in India. Eureka Forbes, Euro Clean, Karcher, Black and


Decker and Bissell are trending, well known vacuum cleaner
manufactures in India.
 Discern the quantity of dirt and set settings
You will get the benefit of setting up the available alternatives
robotically, if you buy the robotic vacuum cleaner. In addition, the
vacuum cleaner will become aware of the amount of dirt and work
accordingly. As a result, you are not expected to operate the
machine physically in order to do the cleaning of your home for
you.
 Clean your home even when you are away
The robotic vacuum cleaners will clean your home, even when
you are not at home. Thanks to their advanced features that can
make them work robotically.

Disadvantages of Vacuum Cleaner

 Heavy to lift
Vacuum cleaners are bulky, cumbersome machine that often hard
to move around the home. Moreover, in case of upright vacuum
cleaner it almost impossible to move up and down stairs. Vacuum
cleaner was manufactured in a fairly large size, although not
heavy. Moving and storing of this device will require a big place.
 Running electricity bill
Depending on the vacuum cleaner model uses hundreds to
thousands watts of electricity. Absolutely, if you are using vacuum
cleaner, your electricity bill starts running.

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner

 No Reusable dustbin bags


You have to buy reusable dustbin bags when you want to clean
your home or other places because some vacuum cleaners don’t
offer them.

7. Importance of Vacuum Cleaner

Although vacuum cleaner comes in different sizes, colors and styles,


they all display common structures and provide immense benefits to
users. This tool is built with powerful motor that allows the unit to suck
all the unwanted elements in the surfaces and even in the air. You will
certainly notice the big difference in results when you use a vacuum
cleaner rather than doing the cleaning tasks manually. The importance of
vacuum cleaner is recognized by those who have acquired excellent
cleaning system with the help of this tool.

Vacuum cleaner is perfect addition to every home because it performs


many special functions. A premium quality vacuum cleaner is in fact an
excellent investment of homeowners and having this cleaning equipment
at home is indeed very beneficial. No one can ever question the
importance of vacuum cleaner so when individuals decide to purchase
one, they are confident that they are doing the right move.

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner

Every household needs this reliable and efficient cleaning equipment.


Aside from its beneficial role in cleaning, a vacuum cleaner can also
simplify and speeds up tasks assured with satisfying cleaning results. A
vacuum cleaner comes with unique and advanced components and parts
such as filters making it a greatly relied upon tool at home and in the
workplace. The following further attest to the importance of vacuum
cleaner:

 Vacuum cleaners remove dirt, dust, pet hair and other unwanted
particles in the air and in the surfaces of your home.
 The process of cleaning is also made easy and simple having this
cleaning tool around.
 Another important thing that signifies the great importance of
vacuum cleaner is that it eliminates the greater involvement of
human in the cleaning process.
 Some vacuum cleaner has the capacity to wash and shampoo
carpets. Other units that use steam also play essential role in
disinfecting surfaces.
 A vacuum cleaner also protects your health. There are some
models of vacuum cleaners that are added with unique features
such as HEPA filter. This is responsible for eliminating pollen in
the air and surfaces therefore decreasing the risk of allergic
reactions.
 A vacuum cleaner helps clean air. The filtration efficiency of
vacuum cleaners is excellent and it aids in filtering airborne
allergens and dust in indoor air.
 An excellent brand of vacuum cleaner is sufficed to clean up an
entire mess in your space.

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner

These are just few of the many benefits provided by highly efficient
vacuum cleaner. Home and office owners value this cleaning tool
because it turns larger jobs to simple ones making residential and
commercial spaces ultimately clean and fresh. A vacuum cleaner
displays several beneficial features that take part in transforming your
space into a clean, inviting, appealing and fresh haven.

Buying a vacuum cleaner and having this powerful tool at home is


therefore a brilliant idea. It is only then that you can prove that this tool
is highly capable of performing tasks in a quick and efficient manner.
Due to magnificent function and contribution, the importance of vacuum
cleaner is now highly talked upon.

8. The Everyday Applications Of Vacuum


Technologies
Popular media tells us that most encounters with vacuum environments
(hello, outer space) end in explosive deaths or an eternal drifting about in
the cold embrace of the great unknown. In real life, very few of us — in
this lifetime, at least — will ever get the chance to put ourselves in the
middle of perilous space adventures. In fact, NASA has to construct
massive vacuum chambers in order to replicate deep space environment
and test hardware that will be sent to where no living human being has
ever gone before. However, the practical uses of vacuum chambers are
far from confined in the realm of movies or space travel.
A vacuum is typically defined as a space void of matter, but the term
also encompasses regions where the gaseous pressure is lower than the
atmospheric pressure. The lower the gas pressure is inside a vacuum
chamber, the closer it approaches a perfect vacuum. The closest thing
that we have to a perfect vacuum is outer space, which has an average of

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner

a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. Those available on Earth are as
follows:

 Extremely high vacuum – requires the removal of trace gases

 Ultra-high vacuum – common in engineering, physics, and chemistry

 High vacuum – requires ion gauge measurements and multiple pumping

 Medium vacuum – can be achieved with a single pump

 Low vacuum – examples include the common vacuum cleaner


 Atmospheric pressure
Uses and Applications
Aside from vacuum cleaners, many everyday conveniences are made
possible by understanding how vacuum works and how it can be used to
our advantage. Some of the everyday practical applications of vacuums
are as follows:

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner

Machinery components
Vacuums are often used as part of machineries’ controlling systems.
Vacuum actuators, for instance are typically employed to drive
secondary devices, such as those found in automobiles. These vacuum
actuators typically use vacuum pressure to create energy that is then
converted to linear or rotary motion. Vehicle accessories that are driven
by actuators include headlights, ventilation systems, windshield wipers,
transmission shift control systems, and many others.

There are, of course, challenges that come with designing devices such
as vacuum actuators. There is a possibility that the positioning stage will
outgas and corrupt the vacuum level. The opposite may also happen
wherein the stage is damaged by the operation taking place inside the
vacuum. Overheating is among the common causes of stage damage.
This is because a vacuum chamber lacks air and can no longer be cooled
by convection.

To lessen the possibility of damaging the equipment, a careful


management of heat sources is needed. One major heat source in

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner

the vacuum positioning system is the motor. To reduce and monitor the
heat produced by this component, many models now use strategies such
as limiting the acceleration or duty cycle and lowering stepping motor
drive currents.
Outgassing
Outgassing refers to the release of gasses trapped in certain materials.
This is important as the presence of air bubbles can compromise the
structural integrity of materials used in industries like construction and
aerospace engineering. Gas pockets can also affect air quality in closed
environments where the air is stagnant. Out gassing is carried out by
baking the material in question under vacuum. This process raises the
vapor pressure and boils off the out gassing substance. The process is
used to de-air rubbers used for molds, and to create and maintain ultra-
high vacuum environments.

Pumping
A vacuum pump is typically employed in deep wells. It works by
expanding the volume of a container and reducing the pressure. This
leads to the creation of an artificial vacuum that is then filled by the air
pushed in by the atmospheric pressure. This process of exhaustion and
expansion is repeatedly done until the water fills the pump’s cavity and
reaches ground level.

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Jump up^ "Fascinating facts about the invention of vacuum
cleaner by Daniel Hess in 1860". The Great Idea Finder.
2. Jump up^ Hess, Daniel (10 July 1860) "Carpet-Sweeper" U.S.
Patent 29,077
3. Jump up^ McGaffey, Ives W. (8 June 1869) "Improved-
Sweeping Machine" U.S. Patent 91,145
4. Jump up^ "Our History". Bissell. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b Gantz, Carroll (Sep 21, 2012). The Vacuum
Cleaner: A History. McFarland. p. 45
6. ^ Jump up to:a b Wohleber, Curt (Spring 2006). "The Vacuum
Cleaner". Invention & Technology Magazine. American Heritage
Publishing. Archived from the originalon 13 March 2010.
Retrieved 8 December 2010.
7. ^ Jump up to:a b Gantz, Carroll (Sep 21, 2012). The Vacuum
Cleaner: A History. McFarland. p. 49
8. Jump up^ "Sucking up to the vacuum cleaner". BBC News. 30
August 2001. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
9. Jump up^ "THE STORY OF THE VACUUM
CLEANER". bvc.co.uk.
10.Jump up^ "The Changes to Vacuum Cleaners over the last 100
years". The People History.

Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra

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