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Although vacuum cleaner and the short form vacuum are neutral names,
in some countries (UK, Ireland) hoover is used instead as a genericized
trademark, and as a verb. The name comes from the Hoover Company,
one of the first and more influential companies in the development of the
device. The device is also sometimes called a sweeper although the same
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
connected by a hose to the tool being used. Many upright vacuums now
have hoses, which can be used like a canister hose, and some canister
vacuums have power heads, with rotating brushes. Vacuum is created by
an impeller, which pulls air from one part of the machine to another. The
low pressure, or 'vacuum' is used to transport the dirt and dust into a bag
or receptacle.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
although early types used some variation of blowing air to clean instead
of suction. One appeared in 1898 when John S.Thurman of St.
Louis, Missouri submitted a patent (US No. 634,042) for a "pneumatic
carpet renovator" which blew dust into a receptacle. Thurman's system,
powered by an internal combustion engine, traveled to the customers
residence on a horse-drawn wagon as part of a door to door cleaning
service. Corrine Dufour of Savannah, Georgia received two patents in
1899 and 1900 for another blown air system that seems to have featured
the first use of an electric motor.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Early electric vacuum cleaner by Electric Suction Sweeper Company, circa 1908
The last decades of the 20th century saw the more widespread use
of technologies developed earlier, including filterless cyclonic dirt
separation, central vacuum systems and rechargeable hand-held
vacuums. In addition, miniaturized computer technology and
improved batteries allowed the development of a new type of
machine — the autonomous robotic vacuum cleaner. In 1997
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
3.1. Upright
Upright vacuum cleaners are popular in the United States, Britain and
numerous Commonwealth countries, but unusual in some Continental
European countries.They take the form of a cleaning head, onto which a
handle and bag are attached. Upright designs generally employ a rotating
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
The older of the two designs, direct-fan cleaners have a large impeller
(fan) mounted close to the suction opening, through which the dirt passes
directly, before being blown into a bag. The motor is often cooled by a
separate cooling fan. Because of their large-bladed fans, and
comparatively short airpaths, direct-fan cleaners create a very efficient
airflow from a low amount of power, and make effective carpet cleaners.
Their "above-floor" cleaning power is less efficient, since the airflow is
lost when it passes through a long hose, and the fan has been optimized
for airflow volume and not suction.
Fan-bypass uprights have their motor mounted after the filter bag. Dust
is removed from the airstream by the bag, and usually a filter, before it
passes through the fan. The fans are smaller, and are usually a
combination of several moving and stationary turbines working in
sequence to boost power. The motor is cooled by the airstream passing
through it. Fan-bypass vacuums are good for both carpet and above-floor
cleaning, since their suction does not significantly diminish over the
distance of a hose, as it does in direct-fan cleaners. However, their air-
paths are much less efficient, and can require more than twice as much
power as direct-fan cleaners to achieve the same results.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
can sometimes be switched off, so hard floors can be cleaned without the
brush-roll scattering the dirt. It may also have an automatic cut-off
feature which shuts the motor off if the brush-roll becomes jammed,
protecting it from damage.
3.2. Canister
Canister models (in the UK also often called cylinder models)
dominate the European market. They have the motor and dust collector
(using a bag or bagless) in a separate unit, usually mounted on wheels,
which is connected to the vacuum head by a flexible hose. Their main
advantage is flexibility, as the user can attach different heads for
different tasks, and maneuverability (the head can reach under furniture
and makes it very easy to vacuum stairs and vertical surfaces). Many
cylinder models have power heads as standard or add-on equipment
containing the same sort of mechanical beaters as in upright units,
making them as efficient on carpets as upright models. Such beaters are
driven by a separate electric motor or a turbine which uses the suction
power to spin the brushroll via a drive belt.
3.3. Drum
Drum or shop vac models are essentially heavy-duty industrial
versions of cylinder vacuum cleaners, where the canister consists of a
large vertically positioned drum which can be stationary or on wheels.
Smaller versions, for use in garages or small workshops, are usually
electrically powered. Larger models, which can store over 200 litres
(44 imp gal; 53 US gal), are often hooked up to compressed air, utilizing
the Venturieffect to produce a partial vacuum. Built-in dust collection
systems are also used in many workshops.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
3.4. Wet/dry
Wet or wet/dry vacuum cleaners are a specialized form of the
cylinder/drum models that can be used to clean up wet or liquid spills.
They are generally designed to be used both indoors and outdoors and to
accommodate both wet and dry debris; some are also equipped with an
exhaust port or detachable blower for reversing the airflow, a useful
3.5. Pneumatic
Pneumatic or pneumatic wet/dry vacuum cleaners are a specialized
form of wet/dry models that hook up to compressed air. They commonly
can accommodate both wet and dry soilage, a useful feature in industrial
plants and manufacturing facilities.
3.6. Backpack
Backpack vacuum cleaners are commonly used for commercial
cleaning: they allow the user to move rapidly about a large area. They
are essentially small canister vacuums strapped onto the user's back.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
3.7. Hand-held
3.8. Robotic
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
The Electrolux Trilobite was the first mass-produced robotic vacuum cleaner.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
3.9. Cyclonic
Portable vacuum cleaners working on the cyclonic
separation principle became popular in the 1990s. This dirt separation
principle was well known and often used in central vacuum systems.
Cleveland's P.A. Geier Company had obtained a patent on a cyclonic
vacuum cleaner as early as 1928, which was later sold to Health-Mor in
1939, introducing the Filter Queen cyclonic canister vacuum cleaner.
Cyclonic cleaners do not use filtration bags. Instead, the dust is separated
in a detachable cylindrical collection vessel or bin. Air and dust are
sucked at high speed into the collection vessel at a direction tangential to
the vessel wall, creating a fast-spinning vortex. The dust particles and
other debris move to the outside of the vessel by centrifugal force, where
they fall due to gravity.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
In portable cyclonic models, the cleaned air from the center of the vortex
is expelled from the machine after passing through a number of
successively finer filters at the top of the container. The first filter is
intended to trap particles which could damage the subsequent filters that
remove fine dust particles. The filters must regularly be cleaned or
replaced to ensure that the machine continues to perform efficiently.
3.10.Central
The power unit of a typical central vacuum cleaner for residential use
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Another benefit of the central vacuum is, because of the remote location
of the motor unit, there is much less noise in the room being cleaned than
with a standard vacuum cleaner.
3.11.Constellation
The Constellations were changed and updated over the years until
discontinued in 1975. These Constellations route all of the exhaust under
the vacuum using a different airfoil. The updated design is quiet even by
modern standards, particularly on carpet as it muffles the sound. These
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
4.1. Motor
The heart of any vacuum cleaner. The motor is attached to a
fan that forces air through the exhaust port. Motor strength is a
4.2. Cord
The majority of full-sized vacuum cleaners utilize power cords
to channel electricity to the suction unit. Power cords are
available in a range of different lengths, all of which provide
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
4.3. Wand
Many vacuum cleaners feature cleaning wands that can
accommodate different attachments and extend for greater
cleaning range. Some wands can be extended to clean along
ceilings and other surfaces where vacuum cleaners
traditionally cannot reach. In some cases, cleaning wands are
electrified and can be connected directly to a power nozzle.
Pictured here is the Miele SET220 telescopic electric
wand, which is compatible with a range of Miele canister
vacuum cleaners that have electric power nozzles.
4.4. Hose
A feature on canister and some upright vacuum cleaners, hoses
extend to provide wider cleaning range. Some hoses can
accommodate attachments for more versatile cleaning.
The hose pictured here is compatible with the SEBO Essential
G1 commercial upright vacuum cleaner.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
4.6. BrushRoller
Frequently found in vacuum cleaners with electric power
nozzles, brush rollers (also known as roller brushes or
brushrolls) agitate fibers to provide deep cleaning on area rugs
and carpeting. These can typically be adjusted (either
automatically or by manual control) to properly clean different
carpet heights or turned off to prevent damage to bare flooring.
The brush rollerpictured here is compatible with the Electrolux
UltraOne Deluxe EL7085ADX canister vacuum cleaner.
4.7. Attachments
Standard vacuum cleaner attachments include the crevice tool,
the dusting brush, and the upholstery tool. Many vacuum
cleaners offer onboard storage for these attachments so they
will always be close at hand while you are cleaning.
Attachments frequently fit on a vacuum's cleaning wand for
added versatility. Crevice tools provide focused suction in
narrow areas, such as behind furniture and along baseboards.
Dusting brushes agitate dust from crevices in hard wood
surfaces for a more thorough clean. Upholstery tools aid in the
cleaning of couches, drapes, and other textiles. Pictured here is
an accessory kit that comes standard with most Miele canister
vacuum cleaners.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
4.8. Headlight
A headlight (typically located on the vacuum's power nozzle)
helps to illuminate your vacuum's cleaning path, so you can
see any dirt or debris that needs to be cleaned. These also
provided added visibility when cleaning under beds and other
furnishings where light may be low. The Miele SEB236 power
nozzle comes equipped with a headlight that helps illuminate
your cleaning duties.
4.10.Belt
This crucial part keeps a vacuum cleaner's brushroll in motion.
The belt pictured here is compatible with several Bissell
DeepCleaner steam cleaner models.
4.11.Cyclone
On bagless vacuum cleaners, a cyclone (sometimes referred to
as cyclonic technology) funnels dirt and debris into its
dustcup, where it is stored until it can be disposed of. Pictured
here is the Dyson DC41 cyclone assembly.
4.12.Filters
Vacuum cleaners are typically equipped with two filters. One
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
4.13.Switch
On/off power switches can be located on different parts of
vacuum cleaners. Some canister vacuum cleaners have on/off
pedals on the canister that can be tapped with the foot. Other
vacuum cleaners have on/off switches on their handles, which
makes taking breaks from cleaning especially easy. The handle
switch configuration pictured here is available on the Miele
Complete C3 Brilliant canister vacuum cleaner.
Is quiet operation
Is easy to use over both carpet and hard carpet and hard
surfaces
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Heavy to lift
Vacuum cleaners are bulky, cumbersome machine that often hard
to move around the home. Moreover, in case of upright vacuum
cleaner it almost impossible to move up and down stairs. Vacuum
cleaner was manufactured in a fairly large size, although not
heavy. Moving and storing of this device will require a big place.
Running electricity bill
Depending on the vacuum cleaner model uses hundreds to
thousands watts of electricity. Absolutely, if you are using vacuum
cleaner, your electricity bill starts running.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Vacuum cleaners remove dirt, dust, pet hair and other unwanted
particles in the air and in the surfaces of your home.
The process of cleaning is also made easy and simple having this
cleaning tool around.
Another important thing that signifies the great importance of
vacuum cleaner is that it eliminates the greater involvement of
human in the cleaning process.
Some vacuum cleaner has the capacity to wash and shampoo
carpets. Other units that use steam also play essential role in
disinfecting surfaces.
A vacuum cleaner also protects your health. There are some
models of vacuum cleaners that are added with unique features
such as HEPA filter. This is responsible for eliminating pollen in
the air and surfaces therefore decreasing the risk of allergic
reactions.
A vacuum cleaner helps clean air. The filtration efficiency of
vacuum cleaners is excellent and it aids in filtering airborne
allergens and dust in indoor air.
An excellent brand of vacuum cleaner is sufficed to clean up an
entire mess in your space.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
These are just few of the many benefits provided by highly efficient
vacuum cleaner. Home and office owners value this cleaning tool
because it turns larger jobs to simple ones making residential and
commercial spaces ultimately clean and fresh. A vacuum cleaner
displays several beneficial features that take part in transforming your
space into a clean, inviting, appealing and fresh haven.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. Those available on Earth are as
follows:
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
Machinery components
Vacuums are often used as part of machineries’ controlling systems.
Vacuum actuators, for instance are typically employed to drive
secondary devices, such as those found in automobiles. These vacuum
actuators typically use vacuum pressure to create energy that is then
converted to linear or rotary motion. Vehicle accessories that are driven
by actuators include headlights, ventilation systems, windshield wipers,
transmission shift control systems, and many others.
There are, of course, challenges that come with designing devices such
as vacuum actuators. There is a possibility that the positioning stage will
outgas and corrupt the vacuum level. The opposite may also happen
wherein the stage is damaged by the operation taking place inside the
vacuum. Overheating is among the common causes of stage damage.
This is because a vacuum chamber lacks air and can no longer be cooled
by convection.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
Vacuum Cleaner
the vacuum positioning system is the motor. To reduce and monitor the
heat produced by this component, many models now use strategies such
as limiting the acceleration or duty cycle and lowering stepping motor
drive currents.
Outgassing
Outgassing refers to the release of gasses trapped in certain materials.
This is important as the presence of air bubbles can compromise the
structural integrity of materials used in industries like construction and
aerospace engineering. Gas pockets can also affect air quality in closed
environments where the air is stagnant. Out gassing is carried out by
baking the material in question under vacuum. This process raises the
vapor pressure and boils off the out gassing substance. The process is
used to de-air rubbers used for molds, and to create and maintain ultra-
high vacuum environments.
Pumping
A vacuum pump is typically employed in deep wells. It works by
expanding the volume of a container and reducing the pressure. This
leads to the creation of an artificial vacuum that is then filled by the air
pushed in by the atmospheric pressure. This process of exhaustion and
expansion is repeatedly done until the water fills the pump’s cavity and
reaches ground level.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Jump up^ "Fascinating facts about the invention of vacuum
cleaner by Daniel Hess in 1860". The Great Idea Finder.
2. Jump up^ Hess, Daniel (10 July 1860) "Carpet-Sweeper" U.S.
Patent 29,077
3. Jump up^ McGaffey, Ives W. (8 June 1869) "Improved-
Sweeping Machine" U.S. Patent 91,145
4. Jump up^ "Our History". Bissell. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
5. ^ Jump up to:a b Gantz, Carroll (Sep 21, 2012). The Vacuum
Cleaner: A History. McFarland. p. 45
6. ^ Jump up to:a b Wohleber, Curt (Spring 2006). "The Vacuum
Cleaner". Invention & Technology Magazine. American Heritage
Publishing. Archived from the originalon 13 March 2010.
Retrieved 8 December 2010.
7. ^ Jump up to:a b Gantz, Carroll (Sep 21, 2012). The Vacuum
Cleaner: A History. McFarland. p. 49
8. Jump up^ "Sucking up to the vacuum cleaner". BBC News. 30
August 2001. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
9. Jump up^ "THE STORY OF THE VACUUM
CLEANER". bvc.co.uk.
10.Jump up^ "The Changes to Vacuum Cleaners over the last 100
years". The People History.
Alpana Singh, B.Sc. (Voc.) VI Semester, Roll. No. 158265991042, DDIVE Khandari- Agra