THE INDOOR GAMES 609 Bharhut, a square of 36 compartments or rooms, 6 being on each side, is drawn on the ground, with two players, or perhaps four, sitting on opposite sides of it. In the second room from the left, in the second row, one player has set up a twig like those used in the last Indian game. The even number of com- partments shows, however, that the game cannot be one of the present class, which requires a central room ; and there is, nothing else to indicate the mode of playing it. The absence of shells or dice may point to a game resembling the Mandinka if so, it is unknown in Ceylon at the present day, and in India also, as faras I could ascertain, Paxcua Kettva, ‘The Five Game.’ This game is played on a peculiar bent diagram, only one ‘compartment in width, which is cut ona board. The illustration Fre. t6 18 Ty ios, 261, 262. Pancha Keliya Diagram. shows its shape. The name may be derived from one of the numbers thrown by the shells, or from the five Houses of Safety on it in which the connters cannot be attacked ; but the Siga «games just described also possess them. The main part of the diagram rises vertically from a horizontal base. At the point of junction there is a square marked by diagonals and termed a House (Gé); four others occur at bends in the diagram, RR610 ANCIENT CEYLON In any of these squares the counters are safe from attack. Each of the other plain squares is Room (Kamara), or Katfiya. The terminal square is known as Kenda-gé. The stations for counters not in play are marked by circles. ‘The game may be played by two, four, six, or eight players, but there are only two opposing sides, half the players being ‘on cach side, The play of both sides commences from opposite ‘ends of the base line. Six counters termed Ia, pl. 1, are used, three for each side, whatever the number of players may be. They are of a dagaba shape, without tee or spire; and have ‘grooves to represent the basal platforms. They are made of wood and covered with lac. Six yellow cowries, usually filled with lead, are used as dice. They are placed in a half-coconut shell, the mouth is covered by the hand, and after a slight shaking they are emptied out onto a mat without reversing the coconut-shell. The counting is as follows :—When all the mouths are upward it counts 6; if five be upward it counts 5, and is called Pancha ; two, three, or four mouths upward count 2, 3, or 4, respectively ; one ‘mouth upward counts r, called Ondira ; and when no mouths are upward it counts 0, and is called Bokka. For the other numbers the ordinary Sinhalese words are used. To admit each Itt into the board a player must throw 6, 5, or Z. After each of these numbers has been thrown the player has an additional throw, which is repeated as long as he continues to throw any one of them. The counter or Itt® then moves up the line of squares to the full extent of the total throws ; or the score of each throw may be used for each Itta of that player ; it cannot be subdivided. To go out of the last square, termed to ‘land ’ (goda-yanazod), exactly one more than the number of squares up to and including the Kenda-gé, must be thrown. An Itt is‘ cut ’ out only when the opponent's Ita enters the same Kamara or blank square. | ‘Sometimes the Ittd are made of pieces of coconut, kaju-nut, or areka-nut, and are eaten at the conclusion of the game, being then termed ‘Dogs’; they do not receive this name while they are used in the game.THE INDOOR GAMES 611 Panapa Kettva, ‘ the Race Game’ (from Skt. pra, ‘ forward * +syad, ‘ running’). This is the Sinhalese form of the Indian game called Pachis, ‘twenty-five.’ Tt is always played on a diagram worked on a cloth, and known as Pahadapela, which closely resembles that employed in Pachis (Fig. 264). Tt consists of a central blank square from the sides of which four arms forming a cross extend at right-angles, each having three rows of eight squares. Every square is called a‘ House,’ Gé, and those in the central rows are specially distinguished as Kimara, ‘room.’ Inallthe squares the counters, which are termed Jttd, pl. Itt, and are like those used in the last game, may be cut out or * chopped,” excepting during their progress down the last central row, into the middle enclosure. To assist in counting the squares, little open crosses are marked on each outer corner square, and on the third and sixth from those, in the outer rows. Two long dice called Kawaru or Kahuru, or sometimes in- correctly Pahada Janu, ‘ the Pahada Strings,’ are used ; the: are made of bone or ivory, and are 24 inches long and yp in wide on each of the four sides. Both are marked alike, with small red circles having a central spot, arranged in the following order :—A cross formed of four or seven circles in the middle counts 1; three equidistant circles count 3 ; three equidistant pairs of circles count 6; and two pairs, one being near each end, count 4. Some of the names of the numbers shown by the two dice when thrown are peculiar compounds of Sinhalese and Tamil. Thus + risdugé-deka ; 1 + 3 is miindwonduica, three-one’ or nalu-hatara, ‘four-four’; x + 4 18 anji-paha, ‘ five-five,’ ot paha-anjiya ; 1 + 6 is druondu-hata, * six-one-seven’; 3 + 3 is iri-haya, ‘six-lines’; and 4 + 3 is ndlw-hata, ‘ four-seven.’ For the other scores the ordinary Sinhalese words are used. Casting the dice, termed ‘ putting down’ (damanawa), is done in a special manner. ‘They are laid side by side across the fingers of the open hand, one end resting on the fore-finger, beyond the last joint, and are held in place by the thumb. The hand és then reversed, and they are thrown down sharply in theangle between the player's partner and the latter's right- hand opponent.