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28 años
38 años
Aborto espontáneo
Gestante: 83 meses (6,9 años) ó 27,7 % del tiempo.
Lactante: 195 meses (16,3 años) ó 65 % del tiempo.
Ni gestante ni lactante: 22 meses (1,8 años) ó 7,3 % del tiempo.
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Las facilidades adecuadas para la lactancia

son una inversión en la salud de la fuerza
laboral presente y futura. Los bebés de hoy
son los trabajadores del mañana.

TIEMPO
1. Otorgar por lo menos cuatro meses de licencia
por maternidad remunerada (con un ideal de seis
meses) que se inicia después que nace el niño.
Ofrecer otras opciones como una licencia de
maternidad mayor con pago de salario parcial.
2. Ofrecer horas flexibles de trabajo a las mujeres
que están amamantando, como programas de
trabajo parcial, interrupción más largos para el
almuerzo y trabajo compartido.
3. Otorgar pausas para amamantar de por lo menos
una hora diaria.

ESPACIO/
PROXIMIDAD
1. Apoyar el cuidado de bebés y niños en el
lugar de trabajo o cerca de él y dar
transporte para que las madres puedan
unirse con sus pequeños. En lugares de
trabajo rural y durante períodos de trabajo
estacional, utilizar unidades de cuidado
móvil para los niños.
2. Proveer instalaciones cómodas y privadas
para la extracción y almacenamiento de la
leche materna.
3. Mantener el ambiente de trabajo
limpio y seguro, libre de residuos
peligrosos y de sustancias
químicas.
APOYO
1. Informar a las mujeres trabajadoras y a los
sindicatos sobre los beneficios de la maternidad y
dar información para apoyar la salud de las mujeres.
2. Garantizar que las mujeres tengan plena seguridad
en el trabajo.
3. Estimular a los compañeros de trabajo y al personal
administrativo para que tengan una actitud positiva
hacia la lactancia en público.
4. Estimular la creación de una red de mujeres
de apoyo para sindicatos y grupos de
trabajadores, que puedan colaborar
con las mujeres para combinar
lactancia y trabajo.
86 Lactancia materna

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Agotamiento progresivo de hierro corporal

Depósitos de hierro

Hemoglobina
(hierro en
glóbulos rojos)

Ferritina
sérica

Saturación de la
transferrina
(TS)

Protoporfirina
eritrocítica
libre (PEL)

Nivel más bajo

de hemoglobina
Concentración en sujetos normales
de hemoglobina

Normal Carencia de hierro

Anemia por carencia de hierro

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266 Cereales, raíces feculentas y otros alimentos con alto contenido de carbohidratos

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270 Cereales, raíces feculentas y otros alimentos con alto contenido de carbohidratos

-./012 3?
UB$'"&)4:$49+4*&96$,:+484%#$'&''6P,4)&7#$49+4"6+*6,+4:$94+##&M

Arroz sin moler Arroz molido

La tiamina se encuentra Se pierde poca tiamina

principalmente en las capas
externas y el germen

Arroz sin moler en precocción Arroz sin moler precocido Arroz molido precocido

La tiamina pasa al endospermo Ahora hay más tiamina en Quedan cantidades adecuadas
durante la precocción el endospermo de tiamina en el grano

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388 Protección y promoción de una buena salud

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72=1203*/-,1120+*0-6*-,;,*/4:

RAZONES PARA UNA ATENCIÓN ESPECIAL

Nombre

Peso al nacer

PESO
1° Año
Kilogramos

4° Año 5° Año

3° Año

2° Año
EDAD EN MESES
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!"#$%& WT
"/J*--,./0@:60@26E3,4:30,/4*34,/21*3M0;21/546,-,./0G0J21420+*0+*3266:11:

INFECCIÓN POR PARÁSITOS

Pérdida de apetito Efecto en la mucosa intestinal

Reducción consumo de nutrientes

Pérdida de nutrientes

MALNUTRICIÓN

Disminución capacidad para

obtener alimentos Pérdida de energía

Baja productividad

Falta de desarrollo

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Nutrición humana en el mundo en desarrollo
!"#$%& W'
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Grasas, aceites y dulces
UTILIZARLOS MODERADAMENTE
Grupo de leche, yogur y queso
2 A 3 PORCIONES
Grupo de hortalizas
2 A 3 PORCIONES
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407
CLAVE
Grasa (presente Azúcares
naturalmente (agregados)
y la agregada)
Estos símbolos muestran que las grasas
y los azúcares agregados provienen sobre todo
de grasas, aceites y dulces, pero pueden ser parte
o adiciones de los alimentos por otros grupos
de productos.
Grupo de carne, pollo, pescado, fríjo-
les secos, huevos y nueces
2 A 3 PORCIONES
Grupo de frutas
2 A 4 PORCIONES
Grupo de pan,
cereal, arroz y pastas
6 A 11
PORCIONES
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Alimentos ricos en proteína Alimentos ricos en energía

• Legumbres (frijoles, arvejas, maní) • Aceite, grasas
• Carne, pollo, leche, huevos • Maní, semillas oleaginosas
• Azúcar

ALIMENTO BÁSICO

Verduras y frutas frescas, especialmente: Alimentos saborizantes

• Hojas verde oscuro • Cebollas
• Frutas y hortalizas de color naranja • Hierbas, condimentos
• Frutas cítricas, guayaba • Sal

Adicione por lo menos un alimento de cada grupo al alimento básico para preparar una comida balanceada.

!908:0S%\A]8%X^^J5
440 Alimentación familiar, alimentación a grupos y alimentos de venta callejera

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