Documentos de Académico
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in Economics
Alan B. Krueger & David A. Anderson
Chapter 4: The Demand for Goods and Services
- Module 10: Determining Demand
- Module 11: Shifts of the Demand Curve
- Module 12: Elasticity of Demand
MODULE 10:
Determining Demand
KEY IDEA:
When the price of a good or service increases, consumers buy
less of it for two reasons: (1) they substitute the good with other
goods whose prices haven t increased, and (2) their income will
buy less of the good at the higher price.
OBJECTIVES:
•To describe the law of demand and the role of the substitution
effect and the income effect.
•To explain what economists mean by all else equal.
•To show the relationship between a demand schedule and a
demand curve.
THE LAW OF DEMAND
THE LAW OF DEMAND
The quantity demanded is the amount of a good that
consumers are willing and able to purchase at a particular
price over a given period of time.
What is…
A. Substitution effect?
B. Income effect?
C. Law of demand?
D. Market demand curve?
E. Demand schedule?
F. Demand curve?
G. Quantity demanded?
H. Ceteris paribus?
MODULE 11:
Shifts of the Demand Curve
KEY IDEA:
The demand curve for a good can shift due to changes in tastes
income, the prices of related goods, expectations about the
future, and the number of buyers in a market.
OBJECTIVES:
• To identify what shifts the demand curve to the left and
what shifts it to the right.
• To distinguish between the terms quantity demanded and
demand.
• To explain how goods are categorized as normal goods,
inferior goods, substitutes, and complements.
MOVEMENTS ALONG A
DEMAND CURVE
A movement along a demand curve caused by a price
change is called a change in the quantity demanded,
not to be confused with a change in demand.
SHIFTS OF THE
DEMAND CURVE
A shift of the
demand curve
represents a change
in the amount people
are willing and able
to buy at every price.
SHIFTS OF THE
DEMAND CURVE
SHIFTS OF THE
DEMAND CURVE
WHAT CAUSES THE
DEMAND CURVE TO SHIFT?
What is…
A. Change in the quantity demanded?
B. Change in demand?
C. Normal goods?
D. Expectations?
E. Substitutes?
F. Complements?
G. Conspicuous consumption?
H. Taste?
I. Inferior goods?
J. Income?
MODULE 12:
Elasticity of Demand
KEY IDEA:
An important aspect of demand is how sensitive quantity
demanded is to price changes.
OBJECTIVES:
• To explain how economists measure the sensitivity of
quantity demanded to price changes.
• To identify what makes the demand for a good more or
less sensitive to changes in its price.
• To show the connection between price sensitivity and the
total revenue of firms in a market.
WHAT IS ELASTICITY?
Elasticity of demand is a measure of how strongly consumers
respond to a change in the price of a good, calculated as the
percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the
percentage change in price.
What is…
A. Elasticity of demand?
B. Elastic demand?
C. Inelastic demand?
D. Necessity?
E. Unit- elastic demand?
F. Total revenue?
G. Luxury?
H. Close substitute?