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Manual Técnico para o Curso de Manutenção Geral de Microscópios Ópticos e Compostos com Êndase na Microscopia Geral do curso profissionalizante da ONG CPMA - Organização Não Governamental Centro Profissionalizante Mão Amiga - Site - WWW.CPMA.COMUNIDADES.NET
Manual Técnico para o Curso de Manutenção Geral de Microscópios Ópticos e Compostos com Êndase na Microscopia Geral do curso profissionalizante da ONG CPMA - Organização Não Governamental Centro Profissionalizante Mão Amiga - Site - WWW.CPMA.COMUNIDADES.NET
Manual Técnico para o Curso de Manutenção Geral de Microscópios Ópticos e Compostos com Êndase na Microscopia Geral do curso profissionalizante da ONG CPMA - Organização Não Governamental Centro Profissionalizante Mão Amiga - Site - WWW.CPMA.COMUNIDADES.NET
Research
Polarizing y
Microscopes . series LR
‘The Bausch & Lomb LR Research Polarizing Microscope is a
Fresh, new design from top to bottom. By making a new ap
proach to the problem, BEL scientists have produced an instru
ment which is assured of a long, long life of consistently sats
Factory performance,
Eyepieces are large diameter, Huygenian with authentic
spiderweb crosshairs and focusing eyeienses, in magnification
powers of $x, 7.5% and 10%. An adapter permits using stand
ard diameter eyepicees, including a micrometer eyepiece such
as the Filat (Catalog No, 31-16-50),
Body tube is generally rectangular to provide room for the
‘optical and mechanical elements. Within the body tube, safely
sealed from dust and dirt is a focusable, accurately preentered
Bertrand lens and an adjustable diaphragm on a fip-in mount.
Focusing the Bertrand lens is done with a rack and pinion acti-
vated by an exterior knob on the left side ofthe tube. A gradu
ated scale allows accurate repeats of conoscopic image observa
tions. The iris is adjusted by a knurled knob 10 isolate inter
ference figures of small erystals,
Also within the body tube, at the lower end, is fli-in Potar-
oid Analyzer, rotatable through 94° and graduated in $* from
(010 90. The use of highest grade Polaroid material for the ana-
Iyzer cancels the need for the stigmatizing lenses used ia. prism
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BAUSCH & LOMB RESEARCH POLARIZING MICROSCOPE,
SERIES LR with coarse focusing adjustment By rack ana pinion:
fine focusing by bal-bearing micchanism, with one micron dNisions
fn rightnov whieh ie concentae withthe tacination jet; exton=
ible side with clamp, on body tube, io provide added clearance
between stage and objective: quick change Bayonet adapter for
nosepioces and vertical iluminator: centerable noseplece
‘sige ameter ube: reucing odaper for stangard slametr aye
pieces: body lube completely enelosing Bervand lens and analy
Gr: accessory slot; Bertrand lens with irs diaphragm on fip-out
fount focused by rack and pinion with seale: Polaroid analyzer on
Alipsout mount, oletable tom 2" through +82" and “oe
each,
‘Graduated circular stage, ball bearing, 130mm diameter, 2 stay
clipe, clamp for braking rotation, vernier reading to 8
‘Bebstage condenser Sens elements, 125 NA. with awing-out°
the attachable mechanical stage. The arm is designed to permit,
ful 360° rotation of the stage even when fited withthe meshan-
ical stage (Catalog No. 31-59-87),
Condenser, polarizer, and Irs for LR microscope.
Substase is focusable by rack and pinion, The condenser is
made up of five elements; with the upper element in place the
numerical aperture is 1.25, providing a better interference figure
n condensers with a lower N.A. The upper element is in a
igged swing-out mount actuated by a convenient knob. Re-
‘moving this element from the optical path provides orthoscopic
illumination with 0.25 N.A., allowing full field illumination of
the 2,6 objective, even with the 5X eyepiece,
‘Two itis diaphragms le in the correct plane for aperture con-
trol, one for high power objectives the other for low. All ar-to-
lass surfaces are Baleoted, The working distance of the con-
denser allows full aperture itumination when using slides of
normal 1.2mm thickness,
‘The substage mount will receive most standard BE con=
densers, such as phase contrast (with long working distance),
dark field, ete, Because of this and other features, the instruc
rent is ideally suited to the dispersion staining method of iden-
‘iGcation, pioneered by G. C. Crossmon, Bausch & Lomb Mi-
_croscopist. (Reprints on this method, with suggested equipment
top lens to give 0.25 N.A.,2 iis diaphragms, Polaroid polarizer in
fofotable mount graduated. a 45" intervals, with heat protecting
filter, elteuar polarizer plate on swing-out mount; plane-coneave
tmiecor: 4 wave late: pinhole cap
"Wood cabinet with compartmenis for accessories, with lock and
key: mitn itner of the Toloning recommended equipments
fodel LR-2 Polarizing Microscope with two achromatic strain-
{eae objecitves 10% (16mm) 0.25 N-A. and 45X (Umm) 00 WAL: te
Objective holders: two large diamveior Huygenian eyepicces (7.5%
nt 10X) with spiderweb crosshairs and focusing eyelene: intruce
manual. Catalog No. $1-28-1-02.
ce a Potanzing lcroscope wit three achromatic tan,
‘objectives, 26X (domi) 0.08 NA. 10K (16mm) 0.25.N.Ay and
(imm) 088 NuA,;tnree Objective holders; three large diameter
‘oyganlan evepleces (8X,7.5X, ond 10X) with spiderweb crosshairs
‘and Focusing eysiens. instruction manual, Catalog No. 31-26-7-08
requirements are available upon request, See also listing at end
of catalog.)
Av ihe suggestion of Dr, R, C. Emmons of the University of
Wisconsin, the conventional “Bocke Lever” has been left off
the substage, but he has added a flp-in quaeterwave plate as a
means of improving conoscopic observations. This plate is sa
‘mounted that, when in the optical path, its slow ray is perpen=
dicular 10 the slow ray of a conventional quarterwave plate as
normally used in the accessory slot. Thus, the specimen is
viewed in circularly polarized light. Observation of the cono-
scopic intererence figure will reveal thatthe isogyres have boen
removed and that the poinis oC emergence of the optical axes of
biaxial crystal are clearly indicated. Whereas wo observations
‘would normally be required t0 locate these axes, with the aux
iary quarterwave plate only one observation is necessary,
‘The polarizer isthe best selected Polaroid material ina rotat-
able mount with a protective heat absorbing glass. Rotation is
through 360°, graduated at each 45°.
‘A large plano-coneave mirror in mount is regularly supplied
for use with a separate ight source, AS an optional accessory
the Optilume integral light source may be used jastead of the
mirror. The Optilume Illuminator (Catalog No. 31-33-93) 1s
recommended, It has a blue glas filter to produce & White back-
ground to permit better color identification in the specimen.
COptilume illumination is adequate, even with high power ob-
jpctives,
For photomicragraphy, in both the orthoscopie and cono-
scopic modes, a special adapter (Catalog No. 31-99-89-80) per~
mits the attachment of the Mode! N. 35mm eyepiece camera
This camera, as well as other photomicrographic equipment
adaptable to B&L polarizing microscopes, is deseribed in bro-
chure 42-21, available on request. With the combination of the
LR microscope, N camera and the special adapter, one can
‘suitch immediately from orthoseopic to interference figure ob-
servation and photography by simply flipping the Bertrand fens
control, just as for visual observation, Since an eyepiece is used
at all times, the possibifity of adding reticles and measuring
scales which are imaged at the same time that the specimen is,
areatly enhances the versatility and value of this equipment,
BALCOTED optics
Better interference colors with high contrast reveat biafringence
colors more accurately, make om birefringent materials easier we
See, define figures and Images more clearly. Baleoted optics In
condenser and objectives reduce the depolarization normally oc-
Curing when plene polarized light stikos these surfaces. at high
‘angles of incidence.
SWING-IN CIRCULAR POLARIZER
Feciitates determination of dispersion in interference figures and
sharpens observer's sense of optic als, which ae te saving
factors.
1.25 N.A. CONDENSER OF ROBUST CONSTRUCTION
Gives years and years of accurate, precise “new-instrument,”
factory-tresh operation®
DiC
LR Microscope
Biaxial Interference Figures
plate in the bod tube,
fle by the at
f.
ww
anda
bisects
{wo Gark
iD)
‘The obser
es ak
ereets Cire aC Ens
coerThe Intermediate Series
Models LI-2 and LI-4
‘These are complete Polarizing Microscopes, designed for com=
prehensive work in advanced student instruction, petrography,
and, industrially, for previse quality-production control, A com
parison of the cost of these fine instruments with any others
available will convince you that nowhere can you get more for
your money. Note these quality features
Eyepieces —Huygenian, SX, 75x and 10X, keyed, with
crosshairs and focusing eyelenses,
Bertrand Lens—Fixed focus, for examination of interference
Figures with the 45% objective, Flip-in, dustproof and accident
proof,
Centerable Nosepiece—Assures repeat centration of objec:
tives with optimum precision.”
Objectives—Achromatic, strain-free, and parfocal: avai
able in range of magnifications
Stage~Ball-bearing, graduated in 1 degree, precentered, ro
tatable; clamping screw; vernier reading to 6” of arc. Drilled
and tapped for attachable mechanical stage.
‘Condenser-Polarizer Substage—Iris diaphragm, heat-ab-
sorbing iter, Polaroid polarizer and two condensing lenses. In-
stantly Variable Focus from 0.08 N.A. to 1.25 N.A without in-
convenience of removing or sivinging-out upper lens element
[No ausiliy ies or additional condenser is required to increase
the numerical aperture for oil immersion objectives. Polarizer i,
rotatable through 360 dogrees, and graduated each 45 degrees.
Plus— Bausch & Lomb standard coarse adjustment; Dynoptic
design fine adjustment; dustproof, flip-in analyzer; dustproof
slot for retardation plates, and wedge, on modern design Dy-
roptic Stand, Other accessories begin on page 8.
‘Other nosepieces available oplionatiy. See accessories listing.
SPECIFICATIONS
Mode! L-2 Dynoptic Polarizing Microscope. Rack and. pinion
coarse adjustment, ball Nearing and roller, lew position fine 0.
Jstment, graduated In one micron divisions: ball bearing gradu-
ted, precentered, rtataple stage with vornie reading to 6’ of arc;
Stage clamping screw; stage clips,
Menoculer tube, centerable nosepiece; slo! for retardation
plates, ete: Aip-n, dustproot, ised Polaroid analyzer; Alpen, dust-
Prooh fed Bertrand lens
Variable Focus Condenser, 008 N.A, 10 1.25 N.A. with iris dia
phragm: graduated. and” rotatable Polaroid. polarizer) one. 10
orn 029 N.A, and one 43x, 4mm, 085 N.A. achromatic eta
tre objectives; ino bjective holders one 1X and one 10X Huy-
Gunian eyepiece with crasshair and focusing eyelenses: plano:
Concave mirror with fork mount. In wood abiaet, Catalag No.
Sh pp0.02
Model Li Dynoptic Polarizing Microscope. Same as Model
Li2\above, but with one 26x, dom, 008 NA., coe 10X, 16mm,
595 NAW and ane 49X, 4mm, 685 NA. gchromail, strani ob
Jectivea; three objective holders: one 8X, one 75K, and one 10X
Huygenian syepievee with crosshaire and focusing eye lenees, In
wood cabinet. Catalog No. 81-2860-08
®The microscopes shown on pages 6, 7, and 8 will accept the 35mm
‘Made! M camera directly without te need for special adapters. Cono-
Scople potomierography, however cenrol be easily done wilh such
Sn arrangement Fortis application, the Series UR with N camera and
‘holo adapter ie recommended. The guadruple-nosepieee with indi
Fidvaly centerable aperfures (Catalog No, 31-19-20) ca be supplied
Instead of the standard revolving and single centering nosepieces
sted. Se pricelist.
For Chemical
Microscopy -Model LM-4
Primarily designed for chemical microscopy the Series M is the
same as the Series I except for the body tube and nosepiece. No
Bertrand lens is included and the nosepiece is ball-bearing,
‘iple, and revolving. The listed Model LM-4 is the suggested
equipment for most chemical microscopy. The Series M with
proper accessories can also be used for metallography, biology,
textile, and paper analysis, particle size determination, photo-
‘mierography and many other applications in quality-produetion
control
‘Optical and mechanical equipment can vary according to
specific application. Variations in the Series M can consist of
furnishing it with the Series $ rotatable stage, having a single
index line and without clamp; double or quadruple nosepiece:
or conterable nosepieces
‘The optical and mechanical equipment should be selected to
suit the particular use to which the instrument will be put. Give
Bausch & Lomb full information about the intended appli
tion and you will receive expert recommendations as to specific
equipment. Your microscope can be “tailor-made” 20 the re
‘quired application, For wedge, plates, and attachable illursina
tor please see Accessories, beginning on page 9.
SPECIFICATIONS
Mode! L¥-4 Oynoptic Polarizing Microscope, Rack and. pinion
coarse adjustment; ball-bearing and roller, fw position fine ad
[ustment, graduated in one micron divisions: bal-bearing, gradu-
ted, procentered, rotatable stago with vernior reading ta 8” ohare
Stage'clamoing screw, stage clips.
Monoevlar tube; ball-bearing, rovolving, tiple noseplecet; stot
{ot elardation plates, et. fipin, dustprool, fixed Polaroldanalyzer.
Variable Focus Condenser, 008 NA. 10 125 N.A. with Is dia-
phragm, sraduated rotatable Polaroid polarizer: one 4X. 32mm,
BAO N'A. one 10X, 16mm, 0.25 NA. and one 21K, Bm, 050 NA,
achromatic, stain-free objectives; dne 8%, one 7.5X, and one 10X
Huygenian eyepioces with crosshairs and focusing eyslonses. In
wood eabine!, Catalog No. 3128-88-04,
*Centering Anured head serews canbe supplied instead of te factory-
Set, sllled-head centering screws (at adalfona cost. See price is
Other nosepieces available oplonaly. See accessories listing.The Standard Series
Model LS-2
This Series is expecially designed for routine student instruetion
in geology, basic crystallography, paleontology, and micro-
chemistry.
"Now, because of the extremely low cost, schools can own
several polarizing microscopes of recognized, standard design,
with features found only on more expensive instruments
“These features make this the best Student Polarizing Miero-
scope buy:
Eyepiece —Keyed Huygenian 10%, durable erossline reticle
Easily cleaned. Focusing crosshair eyepieees can be substituted
at additional cost.
Coarse Adjustment—Standard design, same as on the most
expensive laboratory type microscopes
Fine Focusing Adjustment —Dynoptic design. Friction-free,