Capítulo 10

Ch.
10 Chi-Square Tests and the F -Distribution
10.1 Goodness-of-Fit Test
1 Find Expected Frequencies
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Provide an appropriate response.
1) The frequency distribution shows the ages for a sample of 100 employees. Find the expected frequencies for
each class to determine if the employee ages are normally distributed.
Class boundaries Frequency, f
29.5-39.5 14
39.5-49.5 29
49.5-59.5 31
59.5-69.5 18
69.5-79.5 8
2 Perform a Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Many track runners believe that they have a better chance of winning if they start in the inside lane that is
closest to the field. For the data below, the lane closest to the field is Lane 1, the next lane is Lane 2, and so on
until the outermost lane, Lane 6. The data lists the number of wins for track runners in the different starting
positions. Calculate the chi-square test statistic χ 2 to test the claim that the number of wins is uniformly
distributed across the different starting positions. The results are based on 240 wins.
Starting Position 1 2 3 4 5 6

Number of Wins 45 36 33 50 32 44
A) 6.750 B) 9.326 C) 12.592 D) 15.541
2
positions. Find the critical value χ 0 to test the claim that the number of wins is uniformly distributed across
the different starting positions. The results are based on 240 wins.

Number of Wins 32 50 44 33 36 45
A) 11.070 B) 9.236 C) 15.086 D) 12.833
Page 232
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

positions. Test the claim that the number of wins is uniformly distributed across the different starting
positions. The results are based on 240 wins.

Number of Wins 33 44 45 32 36 50
4) A coffeehouse wishes to see if customers have any preference among 5 different brands of coffee. A sample of
200 customers provided the data below. Calculate the chi-square test statistic χ 2 to test the claim that the
distribution is uniform..
Brand 1 2 3 4 5
Customers 30 65 18 32 55
A) 37.45 B) 45.91 C) 48.91 D) 55.63
5) A coffeehouse wishes to see if customers have any preference among 5 different brands of coffee. A sample of
2
200 customers provided the data below. Find the critical value χ 0 to test the claim that the distribution is
uniform. Use α = 0.01.
Brand 1 2 3 4 5
Customers 30 32 55 65 18
A) 13.277 B) 9.488 C) 11.143 D) 14.860
6) A new coffeehouse wishes to see whether customers have any preference among 5 different brands of coffee. A
sample of 200 customers provided the data below. Test the claim that the distribution is uniform. Use α = 0.01.
Brand 1 2 3 4 5
Customers 55 32 30 65 18
7) A teacher figures that final grades in the statistics department are distributed as: A, 25%; B, 25%; C, 40%; D, 5%;
F, 5%. At the end of a randomly selected semester, the following number of grades were recorded. Calculate
the chi-square test statistic χ 2 to determine if the grade distribution for the department is different than
expected.
Grade A B C D F
Number 36 42 60 8 14
A) 5.25 B) 6.87 C) 3.41 D) 4.82
Page 233

F, 5%. At the end of a randomly selected semester, the following number of grades were recorded. Find the
2
critical value χ 0 to determine if the grade distribution for the department is different than expected. Use α =
0.01.
Grade A B C D F
Number 42 36 60 8 14
A) 13.277 B) 11.143 C) 9.488 D) 7.779
F, 5%. At the end of a randomly selected semester, the following number of grades were recorded. Determine if
the grade distribution for the department is different than expected. Use α = 0.01.
Grade A B C D F
Number 36 42 60 14 8
1
10) Each side of a standard six-sided die should appear approximately of the time when the die is rolled. A
6
player suspects that a certain die is loaded. The suspected die is rolled 90 times. The results are shown below.
Calculate the chi-square test statistic χ 2 to test the playerʹs claim.
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Frequency 15 12 16 19 17 11
A) 3.067 B) 2.143 C) 5.013 D) 4.312
1
6
2
Find the critical value χ 0 to test the playerʹs claim. Use α = 0.10.
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Frequency 11 15 12 16 17 19
A) 9.236 B) 1.610 C) 12.833 D) 11.071
1
6
Test the playerʹs claim. Use α = 0.10.
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Frequency 19 12 15 17 16 11
Page 234

13) A random sample of 160 car crashes are selected and categorized by age. The results are listed below. The age
distribution of drivers for the given categories is 18% for the under 26 group, 39% for the 26-45 group, 31% for
the 45-65 group, and 12% for the group over 65. Calculate the chi-square test statistic χ 2 to test the claim that
all ages have crash rates proportional to their driving rates.
Age Under 26 26 - 45 46 - 65 Over 65

Drivers 66 39 25 30
A) 75.101 B) 85.123 C) 101.324 D) 95.431
2
the 45-65 group, and 12% for the group over 65. Find the critical value χ 0 to test the claim that all ages have
crash rates proportional to their driving rates. Use α = 0.05.
Age Under 26 26 - 45 46 - 65 Over 65

Drivers 66 39 25 30
A) 7.815 B) 6.251 C) 11.143 D) 9.348
the 46-65 group, and 12% for the group over 65. Test the claim that all ages have crash rates proportional to
their driving rates. Use α = 0.05.
Age Under 26 26 - 45 46 - 65 Over 65

Drivers 66 39 25 30
16) A sociologist believes that the levels of educational attainment of homeless persons are not uniformly
distributed. To test this claim, you randomly survey 100 homeless persons and record the educational
attainment of each. The results are shown in the following table. Calculate the chi -square test statistic χ 2 to
test the sociologistʹs claim.
Response Frequency, f
Less than high school 38
High school graduate/G.E.D. 34
More than high school 28
attainment of each. The results are shown in the following table. Find the critical value χ 0 2 to test the
sociologistʹs claim. Use α = 0.10.
Page 235

attainment of each. The results are shown in the following table. At α = 0.10, is there evidence to support the
sociologistʹs claim that the distribution is not uniform?
3 Test for Normality
1) The frequency distribution shows the ages for a sample of 100 employees. Are the ages of employees normally
distributed? Use α = 0.05.
Class boundaries Frequency, f
29.5-39.5 14
39.5-49.5 29
49.5-59.5 31
59.5-69.5 18
69.5-79.5 8
Page 236

10.2 Independence
Find the marginal frequencies for the given contingency table.
1)
Blood Type
O A B AB
Sex
F 110 87 20 8
M 71 74 16 4
A) B)
110 87 20 8 225 110 87 20 8 225
71 74 16 4 165 71 74 16 4 160
181 161 36 12 390 181 161 36 12 390
C) D)
110 87 20 8 235 110 87 20 8 215
71 74 16 4 165 71 74 16 4 175
181 161 36 12 400 181 161 36 17 390
Page 237

2) The table below describes the smoking habits of a group of asthma sufferers.
Nonsmoker Light smoker Heavy smoker

Men 393 90 77
Women 355 80 76
A) B)
Non- Light Heavy Non- Light Heavy
smoker smoker smoker Total smoker smoker smoker Total
Men 393 90 77 560 Men 393 90 77 560
Women 355 80 76 511 Women 355 80 76 511
Total 748 170 153 1071 Total 748 170 118 1071
C) D)
Non- Light Heavy Non- Light Heavy
smoker smoker smoker Total smoker smoker smoker Total
Men 393 90 77 560 Men 393 90 77 415
Women 355 80 76 583 Women 355 80 76 511
Total 748 170 153 1071 Total 748 182 153 1071
3) The following contingency table was based on a random sample of drivers and classifies drivers by age group
and number of accidents in the past three years.
Number of Age
accidents <25 25-45 >45
0 96 145 287
1 64 67 62
>1 20 8 26
A) B)
Number of Age Number of Age
accidents <25 25-45 >45 Total accidents <25 25-45 >45 Total
0 96 145 287 528 0 96 145 287 528
1 64 67 62 193 1 64 67 62 193
>1 20 8 26 54 >1 20 8 26 54
Total 180 220 375 775 Total 180 220 385 785
C) D)
Number of Age Number of Age
accidents <25 25-45 >45 Total accidents <25 25-45 >45 Total
0 96 145 287 528 0 96 145 287 500
1 64 67 62 225 1 64 67 62 193
>1 20 8 26 54 >1 20 8 26 54
Total 180 220 375 775 Total 180 215 375 770
Page 238

Find the indicated expected frequency.
4) The contingency table below shows the results of a random sample of 400 state representatives that was
conducted to see whether their opinions on a bill are related to their party affiliation.
Opinion
Party Approve Disapprove No Opinion
Republican 84 40 28
Democrat 100 48 36
Independent 20 32 12
Find the expected frequency for the cell E2,2. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
A) 55.2 B) 45.6 C) 93.84 D) 34.96
5) A researcher wants to determine whether the number of minutes adults spend online per day is related to
gender. A random sample of 315 adults was selected and the results are shown below. Find the expected
frequency for the cell E2,2 to determine if there is enough evidence to conclude that the number of minutes
spent online per day is related to gender. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
Minutes spent online per day
Gender 0-30 30-60 60-90 90+
Male 23 35 76 46
Female 31 42 46 16
A) 33 B) 52.3 C) 44 D) 69.7
6) A medical researcher is interested in determining if there is a relationship between adults over 50 who walk
regularly and low, moderate, and high blood pressure. A random sample of 236 adults over 50 is selected and
the results are given below. Find the expected frequency E2,2 to test the claim that walking and low, moderate,
and high blood pressure are not related. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
Blood Pressure Low Moderate High

Walkers 38 64 20
Non-walkers 24 63 27
A) 61.3 B) 29.9 C) 65.7 D) 22.7
7) A sports researcher is interested in determining if there is a relationship between the number of home team and
visiting team wins and different sports. A random sample of 526 games is selected and the results are given
below. Find the expected frequency for E2,2 to test the claim that the number of home team and visiting team
wins are independent of the sport. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary.
Football Basketball Soccer Baseball

Home team wins 41 154 27 81
Visiting team wins 30 98 20 75
A) 106.8 B) 19.9 C) 145.2 D) 27.1
Page 239

2 Perform a Chi-Square Test for Independence
Opinion
Republican 42 20 14
Democrat 50 24 18
Independent 10 16 6
2
Find the critical value χ 0 , to test the claim of independence using α = 0.05.
A) 9.488 B) 7.779 C) 11.143 D) 13.277
Opinion
Republican 42 20 14
Democrat 50 24 18
Independent 10 16 6
Find the chi-square test statistic, χ 2 , to test the claim of independence.
A) 8.030 B) 11.765 C) 7.662 D) 9.483
gender. A random sample of 315 adults was selected and the results are shown below. Find the critical value
2
χ 0 to determine if there is enough evidence to conclude that the number of minutes spent online per day is
related to gender. Use α = 0.05.
Gender 0-30 30-60 60-90 90+
Male 25 35 75 45
Female 30 45 45 15
A) 7.815 B) 9.348 C) 11.345 D) 6.251
gender. A random sample of 315 adults was selected and the results are shown below. Calculate the chi -square
test statistic χ 2 to determine if there is enough evidence to conclude that the number of minutes spent online
per day is related to gender.
Gender 0-30 30-60 60-90 90+
Male 25 35 75 45
Female 30 45 45 15
A) 18.146 B) 19.874 C) 20.912 D) 21.231
Page 240

2
the results are given below. Find the critical value χ 0 to test the claim that walking and low, moderate, and
high blood pressure are not related. Use α = 0.01.

Walkers 35 62 25
A) 9.210 B) 9.348 C) 6.251 D) 0.584
the results are given below. Calculate the chi-square test statistic χ 2 to test the claim that walking and low,
moderate, and high blood pressure are not related.

Walkers 35 62 25
A) 3.473 B) 16.183 C) 18.112 D) 6.003
7) A sports researcher is interested in determining if there is a relationship between the number of home team and
visiting team wins and different sports. A random sample of 526 games is selected and the results are given
2
below. Find the critical value χ 0 to test the claim that the number of home team and visiting team wins is
independent of the sport. Use α = 0.01.

A) 11.345 B) 12.838 C) 7.815 D) 9.348
8) A sports researcher is interested in determining if there is a relationship between the type of sport and type of
team winning (home team versus visiting team). A random sample of 526 games is selected and the results are
given below. Calculate the chi-square test statistic χ 2 to test the claim that the type of team winning is
independent of the sport.

A) 3.290 B) 2.919 C) 5.391 D) 4.192
Page 241

Perform the indicated hypothesis test. Be sure to do the following: identify the claim and state the null and alternative
hypotheses. Determine the critical value. Calculate the test statistic. Decide to reject or to fail to reject the null
hypothesis and interpret the decision in the context of the original claim.
9) The contingency table below shows the party and opinions on a bill of a random sample of 200 state
representatives.
Party Opinion
Approve Disapprove No Opinion
Republican 42 20 14
Democrat 50 24 18
Independent 10 16 6
Test the claim that opinions on the bill are dependent on party affiliation. Use α = 0.05 .
10) A researcher is interested in determining if there is a relationship between exercise and blood pressure for
adults over 50. A random sample of 236 adults over 50 is selected and the results are given below.
Blood Pressure
Low Moderate High
Exercise
Walkers 35 62 25
Test the claim that walking and blood pressure are independent. Use α = 0.01.
11) A researcher wants to determine whether the time spent online per day is related to gender. A random sample
of 315 adults was selected and the results are shown below.
Gender Time spent online per day (minutes)
0-30 30-60 60-90 90+
Male 25 35 75 45
Female 30 45 45 15
Test the hypothesis that the time spent online per day is related to gender. Use α = 0.05 .
12) A sports researcher is interested in determining if there is a relationship between the type of sport and type of
team winning (home team versus visiting team). A random sample of 526 games is selected and the results are
given below.

Test the claim that the type of team winning is independent of the type of sport. Use α = 0.01.
Page 242

13) The data below shows the age and favorite type of music of 779 randomly selected people.
Age Country Rock Pop Classical

15 - 21 21 45 90 33
21 - 30 68 55 42 48
30 - 40 65 47 31 57
40 - 50 60 39 25 53
Test the claim that preferred music type is dependent on age. Use α = 0.05.
3 Perform a Homogeneity of Proportions Test
Perform a homogeneity of proportions test to test whether the population proportions are equal. The hypotheses to be
tested are:
H0 : The proportions are equal
Ha : At least one of the proportions is different from the others.
1) Random samples of 400 men and 400 women were obtained and participants were asked whether they
planned to vote in the next election. The results are listed below. Perform a homogeneity of proportions test to
test the claim that the proportion of men who plan to vote in the next election is the same as the proportion of
women who plan to vote. Use α = 0.05.
Men Women
Plan to vote 230 255
Do not plan to vote 170 145
2) A random sample of 100 students from 5 different colleges was randomly selected, and the number who smoke
was recorded. The results are listed below. Perform a homogeneity of proportions test to test the claim that the
proportion of students who smoke is the same in all 5 colleges. Use α = 0.01.
Colleges
1 2 3 4 5
Smoker 18 25 12 33 22
Nonsmoker 82 75 88 67 78
10.3 Comparing Two Variances
1 Find the Critical F-Value
1) Find the critical value F0 for a two-tailed test using α = 0.05, d.f.N = 5, and d.f.D = 10.
A) 4.24 B) 4.07 C) 4.47 D) 6.62
2) Find the critical value F0 for a one-tailed test using α = 0.01, d.f.N = 3, and d.f.D = 20.

A) 4.94 B) 25.58 C) 5.82 D) 3.09
3) Find the critical value F0 for a one-tailed test using α = 0.05, d.f.N = 6, and d.f.D = 16.

A) 2.74 B) 3.94 C) 2.66 D) 2.19
4) Find the critical value F0 for a two-tailed test using α = 0.02, d.f.N = 5, and d.f.D = 10.

A) 5.64 B) 10.05 C) 5.99 D) 5.39
Page 243

2 2
5) Find the critical value F0 to test the claim that σ 1 = σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations
that are normal. The sample statistics are given below. Use α = 0.05.
n 1 = 25 n 2 = 30
2 2
s 1 = 3.61 s 2 = 2.25
A) 2.15 B) 2.21 C) 2.14 D) 2.09
2 2
6) Find the critical value F0 to test the claim that σ 1 = σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations
n 1 = 13 n 2 = 12
2 2
s 1 = 7.84 s 2 = 6.25
A) 4.40 B) 2.79 C) 4.25 D) 3.43
2 2
7) Find the critical value F0 to test the claim that σ 1 > σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations
n 1 = 16 n 2 = 13
2 2
s 1 = 1600 s 2 = 625
A) 4.01 B) 3.18 C) 2.62 D) 3.67
2 2
8) Find the critical value F0 to test the claim that σ 1 ≤ σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations
n 1 = 16 n 2 = 15
2 2
s 1 = 8.41 s 2 = 7.84
A) 2.46 B) 3.66 C) 2.95 D) 2.40
Page 244

2 2
9) Find the critical value F0 to test the claim that σ 1 ≠ σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations
n 1 = 11 n 2 = 18
2 2
s 1 = 0.578 s 2 = 0.260
A) 3.59 B) 2.45 C) 2.92 D) 4.56
2 Test a Claim About the Differences Between Two Population Variances
2 2
1) Calculate the test statistic F to test the claim that σ 1 = σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from
populations that are normal. The sample statistics are given below.
n 1 = 25 n 2 = 30
2 2
s 1 = 6.498 s 2 = 4.05
A) 1.604 B) 1.267 C) 0.623 D) 2.573
2 2
2) Calculate the test statistic F to test the claim that σ 1 = σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from
n 1 = 13 n 2 = 12
2 2
s 1 = 17.248 s 2 = 13.75
A) 1.254 B) 0.797 C) 1.120 D) 1.573
2 2
3) Calculate the test statistic F to test the claim that σ 1 ≥ σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from
n 1 = 13 n 2 = 12
2 2
s 1 = 35.224 s 2 = 28.083
A) 1.254 B) 0.797 C) 1.573 D) 1.120
Page 245

2 2
4) Calculate the test statistic F to test the claim that σ 1 > σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from
n 1 = 16 n 2 = 13
2 2
s 1 = 4800 s 2 = 1875
A) 2.560 B) 1.600 C) 0.391 D) 6.554
2 2
5) Calculate the test statistic F to test the claim that σ 1 ≤ σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from
n 1 = 16 n 2 = 15
2 2
s 1 = 12.615 s 2 = 11.76
A) 1.073 B) 0.932 C) 1.036 D) 1.151
2 2
6) Calculate the test statistic F to test the claim that σ 1 ≠ σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from
n 1 = 11 n 2 = 18
2 2
s 1 = 1.156 s 2 = 0.52
A) 2.223 B) 1.490 C) 4.933 D) 0.450
Perform the indicated hypothesis test. Be sure to do the following: identify the claim and state the null and alternative
hypotheses. Determine the critical value and rejection region. Calculate the test statistic. Decide to reject or to fail to
reject the null hypothesis and interpret the decision in the context of the original claim. Assume that the samples are
independent and that each population has a normal distribution.
2 2
7) Test the claim that σ 1 = σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations that are normal. The
sample statistics are given below. Use α = 0.05.
n 1 = 25 n 2 = 30
2 2
s 1 = 5.776 s 2 = 3.6
Page 246

2 2
8) Test the claim that σ 1 = σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations that are normal. The
n 1 = 13 n 2 = 12
2 2
s 1 = 10.976 s 2 = 8.75
2 2
9) Test the claim that σ 1 > σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations that are normal. The
n 1 = 16 n 2 = 13
2 2
s 1 = 3200 s 2 = 1250
2 2
10) Test the claim that σ 1 ≤ σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations that are normal. The
n 1 = 16 n 2 = 15
2 2
s 1 = 21.866 s 2 = 20.384
2 2
11) Test the claim that σ 1 ≠ σ 2 . Two samples are randomly selected from populations that are normal. The
n 1 = 11 n 2 = 18
2 2
s 1 = 2.89 s 2 = 1.3
12) A local bank has the reputation of having a variance in waiting times as low as that of any bank in the area. A
competitor bank in the area checks the waiting time at both banks and claims that its variance of waiting times
is lower than at the local bank. The sample statistics are listed below. Test the competitorʹs claim. Use α = 0.05.
Local Bank Competitor Bank
n 1 = 13 n 2 = 16
s1 = 1.69 minutes s2 = 1.43 minutes
13) A study was conducted to determine if the variances of elementary school teacher salaries from two
neighboring districts were equal. A sample of 25 teachers from each district was selected. The first district had
a standard deviation of s1 = $4830, and the second district had a standard deviation s2 = $4410. Test the claim
that the variances of the salaries from both districts are equal. Use α = 0.05
Page 247

14) A random sample of 21 women had blood pressure levels with a variance of 553.6. A random sample of 18 men
had blood pressure levels with a variance of 368.64. Test the claim that the blood pressure levels for women
have a larger variance than those for men. Use α = 0.01.
15) The weights of a random sample of 121 women between the ages of 25 and 34 had a standard deviation of 28
pounds. The weights of 121 women between the ages of 55 and 64 had a standard deviation 21 pounds. Test
the claim that the older women are from a population with a standard deviation less than that for women in
the 25 to 34 age group. Use α = 0.05.
16) At a college, 61 female students were randomly selected and it was found that their monthly income had a
standard deviation of $218.70. For 121 male students, the standard deviation was $303.66. Test the claim that
variance of monthly incomes is higher for male students than it is for female students. Use α = 0.01.
17) A medical researcher suspects that the variance of the pulse rate of smokers is higher than the variance of the
pulse rate of non-smokers. Use the sample statistics below to test the researcherʹs suspicion. Use
α = 0.05.
Smokers Non-smokers
n 1 = 61 n 2 = 121
s1 = 7.8 s2 = 5.3
18) A statistics teacher believes that the variance of test scores of students in her evening statistics class is lower
than the variance of test scores of students in her day class. The results of an exam, given to the day and
evening students, are shown below. Can the teacher conclude that the scores of evening students have a lower
variance? Use α = 0.01.
Day Students Evening Students
n 1 = 31 n 2 = 41
s1 = 9.8 s2 = 5.3
19) A statistics teacher wants to see whether there is a significant difference between the variance of the ages of day
students and the variance of the ages of night students. A random sample of 31 students is selected from each
group. The data are given below. Test the claim that there is no difference between the variances of the two
groups.
Use α = 0.05.
Day Students
22 24 24 23 19 19 23 22 18 21 21
18 18 25 29 24 23 22 22 21 20 20
20 27 17 19 18 21 20 23 26
Evening Students
18 23 25 23 21 21 23 24 27 31 34
20 20 23 19 25 24 27 23 20 20 21
25 24 23 28 20 19 23 24 20
Page 248

20) A local bank has the reputation of having a variance in waiting times as low as that of any bank in the area. A
competitor bank in the area checks the waiting time at both banks and claims that its variance of waiting times
is lower than at the local bank. The sample statistics are listed below. Test the competitorʹs claim. Use α = 0.05.
Local Bank Competitor Bank
n 1 = 41 n 2 = 61
s1 = 2 minutes s2 = 1.1 minutes
3 Find the Critical F-value for a Left-tailed Test
1) Find the left-tailed and right-tailed critical F-values for a two-tailed test. Let α = 0.02, d.f.N = 7, and
d.f.D = 5.
2) Find the left-tailed and right-tailed critical F-values for a two-tailed test. Use the sample statistics below. Let
α = 0.05.
n 1 = 5 n 2 = 6
2 2
s 1 = 5.8 s 2 = 2.7
4 Construct the Indicated Confidence Interval
1) The weights of a random sample of 25 women between the ages of 25 and 34 had a standard deviation of 28
pounds. The weights of a random sample of 41 women between the ages of 55 and 64 had a standard
σ1 2
deviation of 21 pounds. Construct a 95% confidence interval for , where σ1 2 and σ2 2 are the variances of
σ2 2
the weights of women between the ages 25 and 34 and the weights of women between the ages of 55 and 64
respectively.
10.4 Analysis of Variance
1 Perform a One-Way ANOVA Test
1) Find the critical F0 -value to test the claim that the populations have the same mean. Use α = 0.05.
Brand 1 Brand 2 Brand 3

n = 8 n = 8 n = 8
x = 3.0 x = 2.6 x = 2.6
s = 0.50 s = 0.60 s = 0.55
A) 3.47 B) 3.210 C) 2.819 D) 1.892
Page 249

2) Find the test statistic F to test the claim that the populations have the same mean.

n = 8 n = 8 n = 8
x = 3.0 x = 2.6 x = 2.6
s = 0.50 s = 0.60 s = 0.55
A) 1.403 B) 1.021 C) 1.182 D) 0.832
3) A medical researcher wishes to try three different techniques to lower blood pressure of patients with high
blood pressure. The subjects are randomly selected and assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 is given
medication, Group 2 is given an exercise program, and Group 3 is assigned a diet program. At the end of six
weeks, each subjectʹs blood pressure is recorded. Find the critical value F0 to test the claim that there is no
difference among the means. Use α = 0.05.
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

9 8 4
12 2 12
11 3 4
15 5 8
13 4 9
8 0 6
A) 3.68 B) 19.43 C) 4.77 D) 39.43
weeks, each subjectʹs blood pressure is recorded. Find the test statistic F to test the claim that there is no
difference among the means.

13 8 6
12 5 12
11 3 4
15 2 8
9 4 9
8 0 4
A) 11.095 B) 9.812 C) 8.369 D) 12.162
5) Four different types of fertilizers are used on raspberry plants. The number of raspberries on each randomly
selected plant is given below. Find the critical value F0 to test the claim that the type of fertilizer makes no
difference in the mean number of raspberries per plant. Use α = 0.01.
Fertilizer 1 Fertilizer 2 Fertilizer 3 Fertilizer 4

6 8 6 3
5 5 3 5
6 5 3 3
7 5 4 4
7 5 2 4
6 6 3 5
A) 4.94 B) 4.43 C) 26.69 D) 4.22
Page 250

selected plant is given below. Find the test statistic F to test the claim that the type of fertilizer makes no
difference in the mean number of raspberries per plant.

6 8 6 3
7 5 3 5
6 5 2 3
5 5 4 4
7 5 3 5
6 6 3 4
A) 8.357 B) 8.123 C) 7.123 D) 6.912
7) A researcher wishes to determine whether there is a difference in the average age of elementary school, high
school, and community college teachers. Teachers are randomly selected. Their ages are recorded below. Find
the critical value F0 to test the claim that there is no difference in the average age of each group. Use α = 0.01.
Elementary Teachers High School Teachers Community College Teachers

23 41 39
28 38 45
27 36 36
37 47 61
25 42 45
52 31 35
A) 6.36 B) 5.09 C) 9.43 D) 5.42
school, and community college teachers. Teachers are randomly selected. Their ages are recorded below. Find
the test statistic F to test the claim that there is no difference in the average age of each group.

23 36 45
28 38 45
27 41 36
52 47 61
25 42 39
37 31 35
A) 2.517 B) 2.913 C) 3.189 D) 4.312
Perform the indicated one-way ANOVA test. Be sure to do the following: identify the claim and state the null and
alternative hypotheses. Determine the critical value and rejection region. Calculate the test statistic F. Decide to reject
or to fail to reject the null hypothesis and interpret the decision in the context of the original claim. Assume that each
population is normally distributed and that the population variances are equal.
9) Test the claim that the populations have the same mean. Use α = 0.05.

n = 8 n = 8 n = 8
x = 3.0 x = 2.6 x = 2.6
s = 0.50 s = 0.60 s = 0.55
Page 251

weeks, each subjectʹs blood pressure is recorded. Test the claim that there is no difference among the means.
Use α = 0.05.

11 8 6
12 2 12
13 3 4
15 5 8
9 4 9
8 0 4
selected plant is given below. Test the claim that the type of fertilizer makes no difference in the mean number
of raspberries per plant. Use α = 0.01.

6 5 6 3
5 8 3 5
7 5 4 3
6 5 2 4
7 5 3 4
6 6 3 5
school, and community college teachers. Teachers are randomly selected from each group. Their ages are
recorded below. Test the claim that at least one mean is different from the others. Use α = 0.01.

23 41 39
28 36 45
27 38 36
25 47 61
52 42 45
37 31 35
13) The grade point averages of students participating in sports at a local college are to be compared. The data are
listed below. Test the claim that at least one group has a different mean. Use α = 0.05.
Tennis Golf Swimming

2.6 1.8 2.7
3.2 3.3 2.5
2.5 1.9 2.8
3.5 2.1 3.0
3.1 2.5
2.1
Page 252

14) A researcher wishes to compare times it takes workers to assemble a certain computer component using
different machines. Workers are randomly selected and randomly assigned to one of three different machines.
The time (in minutes) it takes each worker to assemble the component is recorded. Test the claim that there is
no difference in the mean assembly times for the three machines. Use α = 0.01.
Machine 1 Machine 2 Machine 3

32 40 31
32 29 28
31 38 29
30 33 25
33 36
31 32
35
15) A realtor wishes to compare the square footage of houses of similar prices in 4 different cities. The data are
listed below. Can the realtor conclude that the mean square footage is the same in all four cities? Use α = 0.01.
City #1 City #2 City #3 City #4

2150 1780 1530 2400
1980 1540 1670 2350
2000 1690 1580 2600
2210 1650 1750 2150
1900 1500 2000
1600 2200
2350
blood-pressure. The subjects are randomly selected and randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 is
given medication, Group 2 is given an exercise program, and Group 3 is assigned a diet program. At the end of
six weeks, each subjectʹs blood pressure is recorded. Perform a Scheffé Test to determine which means have a
significance difference. Use α = 0.05.

11 8 6
12 2 12
13 5 4
15 3 8
9 4 9
8 0 4
selected plant is given below. Perform a Scheffé Test to determine which means have a significance difference.
Use α = 0.01.

6 5 6 3
7 8 3 5
5 5 4 3
6 5 3 4
7 5 2 5
6 6 3 4
Page 253

Ch. 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F -Distribution
Answer Key
10.1 Goodness-of-Fit Test
1) 11, 26, 32, 21, and 7, respectively.
2 Perform a Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
1) A
2) A
2
3) critical value χ 0 = 11.070; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 6.750; fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence to reject
the claim that the distribution is uniform.
4) A
5) A
2
6) critical value χ 0 = 13.277; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 37.45; reject H0 ; There is sufficient evidence to reject the claim
that the distribution is uniform.
7) A
8) A
2
9) critical value χ 0 = 13.277; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 5.25; fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence to
support the claim that the grades are different than expected.
10) A
11) A
2
12) critical value χ 0 = 9.236; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 3.067; fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence to
support the claim of a loaded die.
13) A
14) A
2
15) critical value χ 0 = 7.815; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 75.101; reject H0 ; There is sufficient evidence to reject the claim
that all ages have the same crash rate.
16) 1.520
17) 4.605
18) Critical value χ 0 2 = 4.605; chi-square test statistic χ 2 = 1.520; fail to reject H0 ; There is not enough evidence to support
the claim that the distribution is not uniform.
3 Test for Normality
1) Critical value χ 0 2 = 9.488; chi-square test statistic χ 2 = 1.77; fail to reject H0 ; The ages of employees are normally
distributed.
10.2 Independence
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
2 Perform a Chi-Square Test for Independence
1) A
2) A
Page 254

3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) H0 : opinion on the bill is independent of party;
Ha : opinion on the bill is dependent on party (claim);
2
Critical value χ 0 = 9.488; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 8.030; fail to reject H0 ; There is not enough evidence at the 5%
significance level to conclude that opinions on the bill are dependent on party affiliation.
10) H0 : blood pressure is independent of walking (claim);
Ha : blood pressure is dependent on walking;
2
Critical value χ 0 = 9.210; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 3.473; fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the
1% significance level to reject the claim that blood pressure is independent of walking.
11) H0 : time online is independent of gender; Ha : time online is dependent on gender (claim);
2
Critical value χ 0 = 7.815; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 18.146; reject H0 ; There is enough evidence at the 5%
significance level to conclude that time spent online per day is related to gender.
12) H0 : type of team winning is independent of type of sport (claim);
Ha : type of team winning is dependent on type of sport;
2
Critical value χ 0 = 11.345; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 3.290; fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the
1% significance level to reject the claim that the type of team winning is independent of the type of sport.
13) H0 : preferred music type is independent of age;
Ha : preferred music type is dependent on age (claim);
2
Critical value χ 0 = 16.919; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 91.097; reject H0 ;
There is sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to conclude that preferred music type is dependent on age.
3 Perform a Homogeneity of Proportions Test
2
1) Critical value χ 0 = 3.841; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 3.273; fail to reject H0 ; There is not enough evidence at the 5%
level of significance to reject the claim that the proportion of men who plan to vote is equal to the proportion of
women who plan to vote.
2
2) Critical value χ 0 = 13.277; chi-square test statistic χ 2 ≈ 14.336; reject H0 ; There is enough evidence at the 1% level of
significance to reject the claim that the proportion of students who smoke is the same in all 5 colleges.
10.3 Comparing Two Variances
1 Find the Critical F-Value
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) A
Page 255

2 Test a Claim About the Differences Between Two Population Variances
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
2 2
7) H0 : σ 1 = σ 2 (claim)
2 2
Ha : σ 1 ≠ σ 2
Critical value F0 = 2.15; rejection region F > 2.15
Test statistic F ≈ 1.604;
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to reject the claim that the two variances
are equal.
2 2
8) H0 : σ 1 = σ 2 (claim)
2 2
Ha : σ 1 ≠ σ 2
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the 2% significance level to reject the claim that the two variances
are equal.
2 2
9) H0 : σ 1 ≤ σ 2
2 2
Ha : σ 1 > σ 2 (claim)
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the 1% significance level to conclude that
2 2
σ 1 > σ 2 .
2 2
10) H0 : σ 1 ≤ σ 2 (claim)
2 2
Ha : σ 1 > σ 2
2 2
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to reject the claim that . σ 1 ≤ σ 2 .
Page 256

2 2
11) H0 : σ 1 = σ 2
2 2
Ha : σ 1 ≠ σ 2 (claim)
Test statistic F ≈ 2.223
2 2
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the 2% significance level to support the claim that σ 1 ≠ σ 2 .
2 2
12) H0 : σ 1 ≤ σ 2
2 2
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to conclude that the variance in waiting
times is lower at the competitor bank.
2 2
13) H0 : σ 1 = σ 2 (claim)
2 2
Ha : σ 1 ≠ σ 2
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to reject the claim that the variances of
the salaries in the two districts are equal.
2 2
14) H0 : σ 1 ≤ σ 2
2 2
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the 1% significance level to support the claim that the blood
pressure levels for women have a larger variance than those for men.
2 2
15) H0 : σ 1 ≤ σ 2
2 2
Reject H0 ; There is sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to support the claim that the standard deviation of
weights of women aged 55-64 is less than the standard deviation of weights of women aged 25 -34.
Page 257

2 2
16) H0 : σ 1 ≤ σ 2
2 2
Reject H0 ; There is sufficient evidence at the 1% significance level to support the claim that the variance of monthly
incomes for male students is higher than the variance of monthly incomes for female students.
2 2
17) H0 : σ 1 ≤ σ 2
2 2
Reject H0 ; There is sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to support the claim that the variance of the pulse
rate of smokers is higher than the variance of the pulse rate of non-smokers.
2 2
18) H0 : σ 1 ≤ σ 2
2 2
Reject H0 ; There is sufficient evidence at the 1% significance level to support the claim that the variance of test scores
of students in her evening statistics class is lower than the variance of test scores of students in her day class.
2 2
19) H0 : σ 1 = σ 2 (claim)
2 2
Ha : σ 1 ≠ σ 2
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to reject the claim that the variance of the
ages of day students is equal to the variance of the ages of night students.
2 2
20) H0 : σ 1 ≤ σ 2
2 2
Reject H0 ; There is sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to conclude that the variance in waiting times is
lower at the competitor bank.
3 Find the Critical F-value for a Left-tailed Test
1) FL = 0.134, FR = 10.46
2) FL = 0.107, FR = 7.39
4 Construct the Indicated Confidence Interval
1) (0.827, 3.573)
Page 258

10.4 Analysis of Variance
1 Perform a One-Way ANOVA Test
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
9) H0 : μ1 = μ2 = μ3 (claim)
Ha : At least one mean is different from the others.
Critical value F0 = 3.47; rejection region F > 3.47; test statistic F ≈ 1.403;
Fail to reject H0 ; The data does not provide enough evidence at the 5% level of significance to reject the claim that the
means are equal.
10) H0 : μ1 = μ2 = μ3 (claim)
Reject H0 ; There is enough evidence at the 5% level of significance to reject the claim that the mean blood pressures
are equal for all groups.
11) H0 : μ1 = μ2 = μ3 = μ4 (claim)
Reject H0 ; There is enough evidence at the 1% level of significance to reject the claim that the mean number of
raspberries per plant is the same for all types of fertilizer.
12) H0 : μ1 = μ2 = μ3
Ha : At least one mean is different from the others (claim)
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not enough evidence at the 1% level of significance to conclude that at least one group of
teachers has a different mean age.
13) H0 : μ1 = μ2 = μ3
Ha : At least one mean is different from the others (claim)
Fail to reject H0 ; There is not enough evidence at the 5% level of significance to conclude that at least one of the sports
groups has a different mean grade point average.
14) H0 : μ1 = μ2 = μ3 (claim)
Ha : At least one mean is different from the others
Reject H0 ; There is enough evidence at the 1% level of significance to reject the claim that all three machines have the
same mean assembly time.
15) H0 : μ1 = μ2 = μ3 = μ4 (claim)
Ha : At least one mean is different from the others
Reject H0 ; There is enough evidence at the 1% level of significance to reject the claim that the mean square footage is
the same in all four cities.
16) critical value F0 = 7.36; Test statistic F ≈ 22.0 for Group #1 versus Group #2 indicating a significant difference. Test
statistic F ≈ 6.5 for Group #1 versus Group #3 indicating no difference. Test statistic F ≈ 4.6 for Group #2 versus Group
#3 indicating no difference.
Page 259

17) critical value F0 = 14.82; Test statistic F ≈ 0.634 for #1 vs #2 indicating no difference. Test statistic F ≈ 18.03 for #1 vs #3
indicating a significant difference. Test statistic F ≈ 11.90 for #1 vs #4 indicating no difference. Test statistic F ≈ 11.90
for #2 vs #3 indicating no difference. Test statistic F ≈ 7.04 for #2 vs #4 indicating no difference. Test statistic F ≈ 0.634
for #3 vs #4 indicating no difference.
Page 260

Capítulo 10

Cargado por

Información del documento

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Capítulo 10

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Ch.

Starting Position 1 2 3 4 5 6

Starting Position 1 2 3 4 5 6

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Starting Position 1 2 3 4 5 6

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Age Under 26 26 - 45 46 - 65 Over 65

Age Under 26 26 - 45 46 - 65 Over 65

Age Under 26 26 - 45 46 - 65 Over 65

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

110 87 20 8 225 110 87 20 8 225

181 161 36 12 390 181 161 36 12 390

110 87 20 8 235 110 87 20 8 215

181 161 36 12 400 181 161 36 17 390

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Nonsmoker Light smoker Heavy smoker

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Blood Pressure Low Moderate High

Football Basketball Soccer Baseball

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

A) 9.488 B) 7.779 C) 11.143 D) 13.277

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Blood Pressure Low Moderate High

Blood Pressure Low Moderate High

Football Basketball Soccer Baseball

Football Basketball Soccer Baseball

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Football Basketball Soccer Baseball

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Age Country Rock Pop Classical

2) Find the critical value F0 for a one-tailed test using α = 0.01, d.f.N = 3, and d.f.D = 20.

3) Find the critical value F0 for a one-tailed test using α = 0.05, d.f.N = 6, and d.f.D = 16.

4) Find the critical value F0 for a two-tailed test using α = 0.02, d.f.N = 5, and d.f.D = 10.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

A) 2.15 B) 2.21 C) 2.14 D) 2.09

A) 4.40 B) 2.79 C) 4.25 D) 3.43

A) 4.01 B) 3.18 C) 2.62 D) 3.67

A) 2.46 B) 3.66 C) 2.95 D) 2.40

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

A) 3.59 B) 2.45 C) 2.92 D) 4.56

A) 1.604 B) 1.267 C) 0.623 D) 2.573

A) 1.254 B) 0.797 C) 1.120 D) 1.573

A) 1.254 B) 0.797 C) 1.573 D) 1.120

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

A) 2.560 B) 1.600 C) 0.391 D) 6.554

A) 1.073 B) 0.932 C) 1.036 D) 1.151

A) 2.223 B) 1.490 C) 4.933 D) 0.450

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Brand 1 Brand 2 Brand 3

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Brand 1 Brand 2 Brand 3

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Fertilizer 1 Fertilizer 2 Fertilizer 3 Fertilizer 4

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Inc.

Fertilizer 1 Fertilizer 2 Fertilizer 3 Fertilizer 4

Elementary Teachers High School Teachers Community College Teachers