Transformations Transformations

Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal

𝑦 = −𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥) 𝑦 = −𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥)

Reflect over x-axis Reflect over y-axis Reflect over x-axis Reflect over y-axis

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑐) 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑐)

Shift up c units Shift left c units Shift up c units Shift left c units

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑐) 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑐)

Shift down c units Shift right c units Shift down c units Shift right c units

𝑦 = 𝑐𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑐𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑐𝑥)

Whole number=Stretch Whole number=Compress Whole number=Stretch Whole number=Compress
Fraction=Compress Fraction=Stretch Fraction=Compress Fraction=Stretch

Arithmetic Sequences Series Arithmetic Sequences Series

𝑎1 (1−𝑟 𝑛 ) 𝑎1 (1−𝑟 𝑛 )
Explicit: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1) 𝑆= Explicit: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1) 𝑆=
1−𝑟 1−𝑟

Recursive: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑑 Recursive: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑑

Geometric Sequences Geometric Sequences

Explicit: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 ∙ 𝑟 𝑛−1 Explicit: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 ∙ 𝑟 𝑛−1

Recursive: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 ∙ 𝑟 Recursive: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 ∙ 𝑟