Slug Flow Analysis Using Dynamic Spectrum Method in

Caesar II Part 2 of 2

 Clicking Save / Continue button will convert the time history into its equivalent force
response spectrum in terms of Dynamic Load Factor versus Frequency and the screen
“Spectrum Table Values “as shown in Fig. 5 will appear.
 Be sure to specify a unique spectrum name, as this processor will overwrite any existing
files of the same name.
 By clicking OK, the processor will load the appropriate data in the Spectrum Definitions tab
in Dynamic Input and move the data to the dynamic input

Once the spectrum profile is generated click on force sets button and enter the slug force with
proper direction in the fields as shown in Fig. 6:

Fig.6: Entering slug forces for dynamic slug flow analysis.

 Click on the + button to add more rows and – button to delete rows.
 In force set field input a numeric id which will be used to construct dynamic load cases.

After that click on Spectrum load cases menu and create the required load cases for dynamic
analysis. You have to specify at least two load cases as shown.

 Operating + Dynamic for nozzle and support load checking.

 Sustained + Dynamic for stress checking.

Refer Fig. 7 for load case preparation

 Fig. 7: Load Case preparation for dynamic slug flow analysis
Finally click on control parameters button and select the load case for which you want to perform
the analysis. Normally operating load case is selected (Refer Fig. 8) for dynamic analysis. Keep all
other parameters as it is. Now click on batch run to obtain the analysis results. Fig 9 shows a typical
analysis results.

Fig.8: Selecting the load case for slug flow analysis

 Fig. 9: Typical Dynamic Slug Flow Output Reports

 This figure shows a typical output screen for dynamic slug flow analysis.
 The highlighted node 10 is for nozzle.
 All support and nozzle loads to be checked.
 Stresses to be kept below code allowable values.
 The highlighted direction sign will show other load case combinations.

Few Important Points:

1. Vibration due to any two phase flow can be reduced / arrested by proper supporting of the
piping system. Normally following supports are used:

 HOLD DOWN SUPPORTS WITH 0 GAP

 GUIDE SUPPORTS WITH 0 GAP
 AXIAL STOPS WITH 0 GAP

Whenever modifying any support perform static analysis and keep the system stresses within
allowable limit.
2. Sometimes Vibration Absorbing Material (like PTFE) is used to reduce the Transfer of
vibration to connected systems.
3. It is preferred to keep natural frequency of piping system above 4 Hz for Vibration prone
lines.
4. The formation of Slug Flow can be reduced:

 By reducing line sizes to a minimum permitted by available pressure differentials.

 By using a low point effluent drain or bypass.
 By arranging the pipe configurations to protect against slug flow. E.g. in a pocketed line
where liquid can collect, slug flow might develop. Hence pocket is to be avoided.