Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
&
Galaxies
AST
104
-‐
Fall
2010
F
a= or F = ma
m
Newton’s version of Kepler’s Third Law:
4 π 2
p =
2
a 3
G ( M1 + M 2 )
Since the mass of the Sun is so much greater
than the planets, we can simplify the equation:
4 π 2
p ≈
2
a 3
GM Sun
We can use observations of planetary motion
and the above equation to measure the mass of
the Sun.
pEarth = 1 year = 3.156 × 10 seconds
7
−11 −1 −2
G = 6.67 × 10 3
m kg s
4π a 2 3
M Sun ≈ Earth
2
≈ 1.99 × 10 kg
30
G p Earth
Summary
1. Examples using the Law of Universal Gravitation
2. Orbits and the Center of Mass
Direction
of motion
Examples using the Law of Universal Gravitation
= 9.8 m/s2
602
Weight on different planets
C: Circular Orbit
E: Elliptical Orbit
U: Unbound Orbit
• For Einstein, as objects move they follow the
curvature of space created by the presence of
mass.
Test 1
1. 2.
Apparent
position
Actual
position
Test 2: The Orbit of Mercury