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201 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code AN INTERNATIONAL CODE Vill Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Division 1 et MUL 2013 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code PER July 1, 2013 Vill RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS Division 1 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee on Pressure Vessels oi, CS S) CRS NL ee is Two Park Avenue * New York, NY * 10016 USA UG-24-u627 Go) Bach casting of steel material permitted by this Division shall be examined per Mandatory Appendix 7 for severe service applications [7-3(b)]. The quality factor for lethal service shall not exceed 100%. (2) Defects. Imperfections defined as unacceptable by either the material specification or by Mandatory Appendix 7, 7-3, whichever is more restrictive, are consil- cred to be defects and shall be the basis for rejection of the casting, Where defects have been repaired by welding, the completed repair shall be subject to reexamination and, when required by either the rules of this Division or the requirements of the castings specification, the repaired casting shall be postweld heat treated and, to obtain a 90% or 100% quality factor, the repaired casting shall be stress relieved. (6) Identification and Marking. Each casting to which a ‘quality factor greater than 80% is applied shall be marked with the name, trademark, or other traceable identifica tion of the manufacturer and the casting identification, in- cluding the casting quality factor and the material designation UG-25 CORROSION (a) The user or his designated agent (see U-2) shall spe- cify corrosion allowances other than those required by the rules ofthis Division. Where corrosion allowances are not provided, this Fact shall be indicated on the Data Report. (2) Vessels or parts of vessels subject to thinning by cor- rosion, erosion, or mechanical abrasion shall have provi- sion made for the desired life of the vessel by a suitable increase in the thickness of the material over that deter- mined by the design formulas, or by using some other table method of protection. (See Nonmandatory Appendix E,) NOTE: When using high alloys and nonferrous materials ether fr so- wall read or lined vessels eer to UHA-6, UGK and UNF, as appropiate, (c) Material added for these purposes need not be of the same thickness for all parts ofthe vessel i different rates of attack are expected for the various parts (a) No additional thickness need be provided when pre- vious experience in like service has shown that corrosion does not occur or is of only a superficial nature, (€) Telltale Holes. Telltale holes may be used to provide some positive indication when the thickness has been re- duced to a dangerous degree. Telltale holes shall not be used in vessels that are to contain lethal substances [see UW-2(a)], except as permitted by ULW-76 for vent holes in layered construction. When telltale holes are provided, they shall have a diameter of "ig in. to Yoo in. (1.5 mam to 5 mm)and have a depth nat less than 80% of the thick- ness required for a seamless shell of like dimensions. ‘These holes shall be provided in the oppasite surface to that where deterioration is expected, [For telltale holes In clad o lined vessels, see UCI-25(b} 18 2013 SECTION VII - DIVISION 1 @. Openings for Drain. Vessels subject to corrosion shall be supplied with a suitable drain opening at the low: est point practicable in the vessel: ora pipe may be used extending inward from any other location to within Yo in. (6 mm) of the lowest point. UG-26 LININGS Corrosion resistant or abrasion resistant lining: whether or not attached to the wall of a vessel, shall not be considered as contributing to the strength of the wall except as permitted In Part UCL (see Nonmandatory Appendix F). UG-27 THICKNESS OF SHELLS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE (a) The minimum required thickness of shells under in- ternal pressure shall not be less than that computed by the following formulas,"® except as permitted by Mandatory Appendix 1 or Mandatory Appendix 32. In addition, provi- sion shall be made for any of the loadings listed in UG-22, when such loadings are expected. The provided thickness of the shells shall also meet the requirements of UG-16, ex cept as permitted in Mandatory Appendix 32. (b) The symbols defined below are used in the formulas of this paragraph, E = joint efficiency for, or the efficiency of, appropriate joint in cylindrical or spherical shells, or the effi- ciency of ligaments between openings, whichever Is less. For welded vessels, use the efficiency specified in ow-12. For ligaments between openings, use the efficiency calculated by the rules given in UG-53, internal design pressure (see UG-21) Inside radius of the shell course under consideration,”? 5 = maximum allowable stress value (see UG-23 and the stress limitations specified in UG-24) = minimum required thickness of shell (6) Cylindrical Shells. The minimum thickness or maxi- mum allowable working pressure of cylindrical shells shall be the greater thickness or lesser pressure as given by (1) oF (2) below. (2) Circumferencial Stress (Longitudinal joines), When. the thickness does not exceed one-half of the inside radius, ‘or P does not exceed 0.38558, the following formulas shall apply: P R see Rs ose « Se-0ae aa) 12018 SECTION VIIE- DIVISION 1 2) Longitudinal Stress (Circumferential Joints). ‘When the thickness does not exceed one-half of the inside radlus, or P does not exceed 1.25SE, the following formu- Jas shall apply: see eRe od save © @ (@) Spherical Shells When the thickness ofthe shell of a ‘holly spherical vessel does not exceed 0.356R, or P does not exceed 0,665SE, the following formulas shall apply: PR ee see e-02P oP Rom o (e) When necessary, vessels shall be provided with stif- feners or ather additional means of support to prevent ‘overstress or large distortions under the external loadings listed in UG-22 other than pressure and temperature. @) Asstayed jacket shel! that extends completely around ‘a eylindrical or spherical vessel shall also meet the re- quirements of UG-47(c). (@) Any reduction in thickness within a shell course or spherical shell shall be in accordance with UW-9. UG-28 THICKNESS OF SHELLS AND TUBES UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE (a) Rules for the design of shells and tubes under exter- nal pressure given in this Division are limited to cylindri- cal shells, with or without stiffening rings, tubes, and spherical shells. Three typical forms of cylindrical shells are shown in Figure UG-28, Charts used in determining ‘minimum required thicknesses of these components are given in Subpart 3 of Section II, Part D. (b) The symbols defined below are used In the proce- dures of this paragraph: A = factor determined from Figure G in Subpart 3 of Sec- tion Il Part D and used to enter the applicable ma- terial chart in Subpart 3 of Section I, Part D.For the case of cylinders having D,/t values less than 10, see (2). factor determined from the applicable material chart or table in Subpart 3 of Section II, Part D for maximum design metal temperature [see UG-20(c)] outside diameter of cylindrical shell course or tube E = modulus of elasticity of material at design tempera- ture. For external pressure design in accordance with this Section, the modulus of elasticity to be tsed shall be taken from the applicable materials chart in Subpart 3 of Section II, Part D.(Interpola- tion may be made between lines for intermediate temperatures) total length, in. (mm), ofa tube between tubesheets or design length ofa vessel section between lines of support (see Figure UG-28.1). Aline of support is 9 UG27 - u6-28 ()a circumferential line on a head (excluding conical heads) at one-third the depth of the head from the head tangent line as shown on Figure UG-28; (0) stiffening ring that meets the require ments of UG-29; (€)a jacket closure of a jacketed vessel that meets the requirements of 9 (a) acone-to-cylinder junction or a knuckle-to- cylinder junction of a toriconical head or section that satisfies the moment of inertia requirement of 1-8 external design pressure [see Note in (Q)] calculated value of maximum allowable external working pressure for the assumed value oft, [see Note in (F) below] outside radius of spherical shell {= minimum required thickness of cylindrical shell or tube, or spherical shel, in. (mm) { = nominal thickness of cylindrical shell or tube, in. (mm) (6) Cylindrical Shells and Tubes. The required minimum thickness of a cylindrical shell or tube under external pres- sure, ether seamless or with longitudinal butt joints, shall be determined by the following procedure: (2) Cylinders having D./t values > 10: Step 1. Assume a value for ¢ and determine the ratios L/D, and Deft. Step 2. Enter Figure G in Subpart 3 of Section Il, Part D at the value of L/D, determined in Step 1. For values of L/D, greater than 50, enter the chart at a value of L/D. = 50. For values of L/D, less than 0.05, enter the chart. ata value of L/D, = 005. ‘Step 3. Move horizontally to the line for the value of D,/t determined in Step 1. Interpolation may be made for intermediate values of D/t; extrapolation is not per- mitted. From this point of intersection move vertically. downward to determine the value of factor A. Step 4.Using the value of A calculated in Step 3, enter the applicable material chart in Subpart 3 of Section I, Part D for the material under consideration. Move verti- cally to an intersection with the material/temperature line for the design temperature (see UG-20} Interpolation may ‘be made between lines for intermediate temperatures. If ‘tabular values in Subpart 3 of Section Il, Part D are used, linear interpolation or any other rational interpolation ‘method may be used to determine a B value that lies be- tween two adjacent tabular values for a specific tempera~ ture. Such interpolation may also be used to determine a value at an intermediate temperature that lies between two sets of tabular values, after first determining B values for each set of tabular values. In cases where the value ofA falls to the right of the end of the material/temperature line, assume an intersection ‘with the horizontal projection of the upper end of the ma- terial/temperature line. If tabular values are used, the last a) 1628 12013 SECTION Vil - DIVISION 1 UG- Diagrammatic Representation of Varlables for Design of Cytndreal Vessels Subjected to External Pressure (maximum) tabulated value shall be used. For values of A falling to the left of the material/temperature line, see Step 7. Step 5.From the intersection obtained in Step 4, move horizontally to the right and read the value of factor 8. ‘Step 6.Using this value of B, calculate the value of the ‘maximum allowable external working pressure P, using the following equation: 4 ‘SOo/e) ‘Step 7.For values ofA falling tothe left ofthe applicable ‘material/temperature line, the value of P, can be calcu- lated using the following equation: 2Ae (Pol If tabular values are used, determine B as in Step 4 and apply it to the equation in Step 6. ‘Step 8.Compare the calculated value of P, obtained in Steps 6 or 7 with P. If P, is smaller than P, select a larger value for ¢ and repeat the design procedure until a value of P, is obtained that is equal to or greater than P. 20 (2) Cylinders having D./t values < 10: ‘Step 1. Using the same procedure as given in (1), obtain the value of B. For values of D./tless than 4, the value of factor A can be calculated using the following equation: u oe For values of A greater than 0.10, use a value of 0.10. ‘Step 2. Using the value of 8 obtained in Step 1, calculate avalue Pa; using the following equation: 2467 [p28 oom Step 3.Calculate a value Pz using the following equation: where $ Is the lesser of two times the maximum allow- able stress value in tension at design metal temperature, from the applicable table referenced in UG-23, oF 0.9 times the yield strength of the material at design temperature. 1 iaak) Bie met Dele 2013 SECTION Vu - DIVISION 1 ve28 Figure UG-28.1 as) Diagrammatic Representation of Lines of Support for Design of Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure Eni f OB Uy | 7 | (on (a2) [Notes (1) and (21) ev (e2) @ fe oy [Notes (1) and (201 Note (a) ote (3) AL = {Note tc) cI Noes: Ct) When the cone-n-yinder or the knuckle-o-ylinder junction Is not line of support, the required thickness of the cone, knuckle, oF tr leonical section shall not be less thao the required thickness ofthe adjacent cylindrical shell. Also the reinforcement requirement of 1 shall be satisfied when a knuckle i not provided atthe cone-to-linde junction |@) Calculations shall be made using the diameter and corresponding thickness of each cylindrical section with dimension Las shown. Thick nesses ofthe transtion sections are based on Note (1) |) When the cone-to-clinder or the knuckle-o-cylinder junction saline of support the moment of inertia shall be provided in accordance with] 148 [eee U6-23(0). vG-28- 06-29 Values of yield strength are obtained from the applicable ‘external pressure chart as follows: (a) For a given temperature curve, determine the B va- ue that corresponds to the right hand side termination point of the curve, (6) The yield strength is twice the B value obtained in (@) above. ‘Step 4.The smaller of the values of Py; calculated in Step 2, of Pa2 calculated in Step 3 shall be used for the ‘maximum allowable external working pressure P,. Com- pare P, with P. If Py is smaller than P, select a larger value for ¢ and repeat the design procedure until value for Py is obtained that is equal to or greater than P. (@) Spherical Shells. The minimum required thickness of 1 spherical shell under external pressure, either seamless or of built-up construction with butt joints, shall be deter- mined by the following procedure: Step 1. Assume a value for t and calculate the value of factor A using the following equation: os 5 Step 2.Using the value of A calculated in Step 1, enter the applicable material chart in Subpart 3 of Section I, Part D for the material under consideration. Move verti- cally toan intersection with the material/temperature line for the design temperature (see UG-20). Interpolation may bbe made between lines for intermediate temperatures. If ‘tabular values in Subpart 3 of Section Il, Part D are used, linear interpolation or any other rational interpolation ‘method may be used to determine a B value that lies be- ‘tween two adjacent tabular values for a specific tempera- ture. Such interpolation may also be used to determine a B value at an intermediate temperature that lies between ‘two sets of tabular values, after first determining B values for each set of tabular values. In cases where the value at A falls to-the right ofthe end of the material/temperature line, assume an intersection with the horizontal projection of the upper end of the ma- terial/temperature line. f tabular values are used, the last (maximum) tabulated value shall be used. For values at A falling to the left of the material/temperature line, see Step 5. ‘Step 3. From the intersection obtained in Step 2, move horizontally to the right and read the value of factor B. ‘Step 4, Using the value of B obtained in Step 3, calculate the value of the maximum allowable external working pressure P, using the following equation: 2 2013 SECTION Vill - DIVISION 1 ‘Step 5. For values ofA falling to the left of the applicable ‘material/temperature line, the value of P, can be caleu- lated using the following equation: py w= 00628 (Ro/tY IF tabulated values are used, determine B as in Step 2 and apply it to the equation in Step 4, ‘Step 6. Compare P, obtained in Step 4 or S with P.If Py ts smaller than P, select a larger value for € and repeat the design procedure until a value for P, is obtained that is ‘equal to or greater than P. (€) The external design pressure or maximum allowable ‘external working pressure shall not be less than the max- ‘imum expected difference in operating pressure that may exist between the outside and the inside of the vessel at any time, © Vessels intended for service under external design pressures of 15 psi (100 kPa) and less [see U-1{€(2)C-1)] may be stamped withthe Certification Mark and Designator denoting compliance with the rules for ex- ternal pressure provided all the applicable rules of this Di- vision are satisfied. When the Certification Mark is to be applied, the user or his designated agent shall specify the required maximum allowable external working pressure.” The vessel shall be designed and stamped with ‘the maximum allowable external working pressure. (@) When there isa longitudinal lap joint in a cylindrical shell or any lap joint in a spherical shell under external pressure, the thickness of the shell shall be determined by the rules in this paragraph, except that 2P shall be used. instead of P in the calculations for the required thickness. (h) Circumferential joints in cylindrical shells may be of any type permitted by the Code and shall be designed for the imposed loads. (Those portions of pressure chambers of vessels that are subject to a collapsing pressure and that have a shape other than that of a complete circular cylinder or formed head, and also jackets of cylindrical vessels that extend ‘over only a portion of the circumference, shall be fully staybolted in accordance with the requirements of UG-47 through UG-50 or shall be proof tested in compli- ance with UG-101(p). () When necessary, vessels shall be provided with stif- feners or other additional means of support to prevent overstress or large distortions under the external loadings listed in UG-22 other than pressure and temperature, UG-29 STIFFENING RINGS FOR CYLINDRICAL ‘SHELLS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE (a) External stiffening rings shall be attached to the shell by welding or brazing [see UG-30]. Internal stifening rings neee! not be attached to the shell when the rings are designed to carry the loads and adequate means of as)

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