C.

Context

Kleden said that “context is the specific space and time that a person or
group of people encounters”. Halliday said that “context is the text that
accompanies the text. This means that the context comes with the text.” While,
according to Mulyana “context can be considered as the cause and reason for the
occurrence of a conversation / dialogue.”

Based on the definition above, we get the conclusion Context is defined as

anything that accompanies a text. The meaning of a new sentence can be said true
if we know who the speaker, who the listener, how to pronounce it, and others.
Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the sentences in advance by analyzing the
context.
1. Discourse as a Context
a. Context and comprehenshion: memory depends on understanding.
b. Unwritten rules of discourse: paul grice said four writtenn rules for
efficient speech (conversational maximum) i.e.
a) The maxim of quality; the speaker should tell the truth as they
know it or kow or knowladge the uncertainty of what they are
telling you.
b) The maxim of manner; the speaker should stive to be clear and not
vague, not verbose and disorganized.
c) The maxim of quantity; says all that is needed or required but no
more.
d) The maxim of relation; the speaker must hold themselves to what
is relevant.
c. Ambiguity: discourses serves as a context, effective sentences and world-
level interpretation, tipping the interpretation of what would otherwise be
clear and unambiguous word phrase in a definite clue.
d. Metaphor: this is not only common in the literature, but also in discoursee
outside it.
e. Irony: another form of figurative language that clarifies the importance of
context for meaning.
 f. Speech act: direct speech act is defined as that which uses syntactic forms
a common to those who designed/designed in detail, meanwhile, a speech
act in the literal meaning of the words is not what speaker’s intention to
communicate is a direct speech act.
g. Politeness: means acting so as to take account of the feelings of others and
incorporate both those actionsconcerned with the positive face (the desire
to be recognized of) and a negative face (the wish to be unimpeded, free
from imposition, or go left alone).
2. Individual Factores Affecting Discourse
a. Conversational style.
b. Genderlect: women’s greater talkativeness is a well-established gender
differences.
c. Bilingualissues of discourse: when people are fluent in two or more
languages, they often switching-code.
d. Dialect: is defined as a regional dialect or socially conditioned the variety
in languages.
e. Social class differentces: the middle and upper class speakers using an
elaborate code in the discourse of the classroom while the speaker lower-
socioeconomic-class speakers employ a restricted code.
f. Role: use the restricted code may also have to do with the role of assigned
person by a specific situation.
 Causal explanations
 Definitions and descriptions
 Evidential explanation
 Procedural explanations
 Explanation of the concequences of one’s actions
3. Joke
a. Humor or play might well be considered a third genre.
b. Humor is conceptually different but the reality is often complementary to
an explanation or narrative.
c. Humor verbal includes traditional riddles, humorous reparte, and original
comments.