!

" # # $
" " %
! # # %
& # # ! %

Solución

*0*
12

"

# $% ≡ &'(%) * #(%) + $% ≡ %
# ,% ≡ &'(%) * #(%) + ,% ≡ )%

-
!

. /
+ !

' ( )*+, "

"
' -
' - !
' - #
Solución

)
" # 2 #((( 3
/

%%54 3 #((( 3
= = 2 445&
#

" / +

# .$4 445&
=
&5(%) * #( %) + .$4

2 %6&7& * #(%8 +

9 $24 %6&7& * #(%8 ! 2 #6(:4 * #(%& !

' ./0 *1
' - ! *1
2 *1
' - #
Datos. Masas atómicas: C = 12; O = 16.

Solución

. / "
+ (68

# .,% (58
=
&5(%) * #( %) + .,%

2 )6(## * #(%) + .,%

; <.,% 2 44
 # .,% (58
= = 2 %% .,%
44 .,%

. + <
/

# .,% (58
=
) &5(%) * #( %)

2 >6()4 * #(%)

3 ! - #
./ 1
(,
45/ " "
Datos. Masas atómicas: N = 14; O = 16; S = 32.

Solución

. /

" + ?
< ?

; <@,% 2 &4

# @,% (5)
= = 2 854%# * #( %)
) &5(%) * #( %)

. + /

; <A% 2 %7

%7 A% #4
= = 2 &5(%) #( %)
% &5(%) * #( %)

" /
 %%54 3 $ &:5% 3
= = 2 #57(: * #( %4
&5(%) * #( %)

- B &:6% 3 !

3 $ 6 6
& 7 8 -
#
2 #

' - # 0 -
! (.

Solución

B B /
" ; <"
C ; <C
; <" ; <C !

B &6(%) * #(%)
!

" / B
; <, 2 #&

#& , 8
%)
= = 2 #577% * #( %) ,
&5(%) * #( !,

. / + ,% B ; <,% 2 )%

)% ,% #(
= = 2 #577% * #( %) + ,%
&5(%) * #( %) + ,%

- !

* # " # %
 * # # ./0 %
* # ! ./0
%
Datos. Masas atómicas: C = 12; Na = 23; Al = 27; Cl = 35’5.

Solución

"

# A ≡ &'(%) * #(%) A ≡ %)

-
%)
1 !A = = )57# * #( D%) E ! A
&5(%) * #( %) !

; <" 2 %:

%: " (58 "

= = 2 #5## * #( %% "
&5(%) * #( %) !"

"

; <. 4. 2 #84

# . 4. ≡ &'(%) * #(%) + . 4. ≡ #84

#84 . 4. (58
= = 2 #5>& * #( %# + . 4.
&5(%) * #( %) + . 4.

3 $ 6 6
2 $ " $ #
"
' - $ " $ #
"
' # #
9 4 (.:
Solución

B B
>6# *#(D)# F B
! " B
#7((

B !

B / / / +
B
B !

B &6(%) * #(%) !.
# )((
&6(%) * #(%) % #(%#! -
!

; $ (.. 2 *
* # $
* # ! $
* # # $
Datos. Masas atómicas: H = 1; O = 16.

Solución

$ B B # E 3
+ #(( !. ; <$%, 2 #7 /

#((
9 $% ( = = 858& $% (
#7 E

" / +

# $% ( 858&
= = 2 )5)4> *#( %4 + $% (
&5(%) * #( %) + $% (

. +
)6)4& * #(%4 +
 9 !,2# )6)4> * #(%4 2 )6)4> * #(%4

9 !$2% )6)4> * #(%4 2 &6&>7 * #(%4

3 6
(5 <+ " $ /,
' (5 <+ 4/. (. !
' 1 4/. ×(. #
Datos. Masas atómicas: H = 1; N = 14; O = 16.

Solución

"
%%64 3! - B ; <A$) 2
#: !

7" "
# A$) ≡ #: A$) ≡ &'(%) * #(%) + A$)
- !

. + ,% % )% ,%
/

# ,% ≡ )% ,% ≡ &'(%) * #(%) + ,% ≡ % &'(%) * #(%) ,%

- !

' (. (.
" "
' -
= !
' - #
= 6 "

Solución

/
*1
=
0*
"

*#( 3 *#( 3
$% = ; ,% =
0 0

3 $% = ,% ! Por tanto, hay el mismo número de moles y la afirmación es

correcta.

b) Como la ; <$% la ; <,%

9 $% 2 9 $% ; <$%
9 ,% 2 9 $% ; <,%
3 9 $% ≠ 9 ,%! - !

. / +
!
# ,% ,%
= = # 2 ,% % &5(%) *#( %) !,
% &5(%) * #( %) ! , #

# $% $%
= = % 2 $% % &5(%) * #( %) !$
% &5(%) * #( %) !$ %

. / ,% / $%
B #2 % 3
! / !

*
2 !
' - #
' - ! ((> 2 + #
" "
Datos. Masas atómicas: H = 1; O = 16.

Solución

" ; <$%, 2 #7

# $%, ≡ &'(%) * #(%) + $%, ≡ #7

3
 #7
# + $% , = = %5>7> *#( D%)
&5(%) * #( %) +

B %

#7 $%, %
= = 2 (5%% $
% $

"
# $ ≡ &'(%) * #(%) $ ≡ #

# $ (5%%
= = 2 #5)%8 * #( %) ! $
&5(%) * #( %) !$

" "
%%54 3 $% ##5% 3
%)
= = 2 )5(## * #( %) + $%
&5(%) * #( + $%

* - #
,, *1
0. 2 +
./0 1
Datos. Masas atómicas: C = 12; O = 16

Solución

/ 44
; <.,% 2 44
44 .,%
9 .,% = = # .,%
44 E
. + <

9 2) &6(%) * #(%) ! 2 #67(: * #(%4

" " 8( 3

%%54 3 $ 8( 3
= = 2 #5)44 * #( %4 !$
&5(%) * #( %) ! $
 . + ,% /

# ,% (58
= = 2 &5(%) * #( %) ,
% &5(%) * #( %) !,

2 ( , " $
= 6 $ 6
; + - # +
2 # ,
' 4/. ?(. #

Solución

G B &6(%) * #(%)
%)
B $% &6(%) * #( + $% +
$% % &6(%) * #(%) $!

G B

&5(%) * #( %) !$ # !$
= = 2 &5&4# #( D%4
4 $

1 B
# $ ≡ &'(%) * #(%) $ ≡#

2 " $ 6
* (+ < 1 @ (
' -
' - !
' - #
Datos. Masas atómicas: C = 12; H = 1; N = 14; O = 16.

Solución
 . / #
; <.%#$%%A%,% 2 ))4
))4 (5((#
= = 2 ) * #( D&
#
/
%# ) * #(D& 2 &6) * #(D8

/ + B

# ) * #( D&
= = 2 #57(: * #(#7 +
&5(%) * #( %) +

. + /

# ) * #( D&
%)
= = 2 )5&#4 * #(#7 A
% &5(%) * #( !A

& " :⋅(. !

*
2
2 !
2
Datos A : H = 1; C = 12.

Solución

. ; <.$4 2 #& / )%

)%
9 .$4 = = %
#& E

. B B >⋅#(%) +
# .$4
%)
= = 2 #54> .$ 4
&5(%) * #( + .$4 > * #( %)
- / B B
9 .$4 2 % H #64> 2 (68#

3 + B B
 # .$4 (58#
= = 2 )5(:% * #( %) + .$ 4
&5(%) * #( %) + .$4

# .$4 (58#
= = 2 75#& .$4
#& .$4

* # # ..
%
; " ( "
( B 2 # # " " "
" %
Datos. A : H = 1; O = 16.

Solución

" ,% B
%(( 3
%%54 3 ,% %(( 3
= = 2 75>)
# ,%

/ +

76>) &6(%) * #(%) +E 2 864 * #(%4 + ,%

/ %(( 3
% 864 * #(%4 2 #6(7 * #(%8 ,

3 B
2 12# E 3 #((( 3 2 #((( $%,
" +
; <$%, 2 #7 B

9 $2% 9 + $%, 2 % 9 $%, A"

#((( $%,
9 ! $2 % &5(%) * #( 23 = &5&>% #( %8 $
#7 E
* $ "
(5

2
2 6
Datos. Masas atómicas: H = 1; N = 14; Cl = 35’5

Solución

3 A$4. $. I A$)
- B <A$)
D#
#4 I ) *# 2 #: * #: # A$)!
# $. ! - B
D#
$. # I )868 2 )&68 * ! 3 $.
D#
# * )&68 * 2 )&68 $. !

3 = 2 E
!-
<A$) 2 # <A$) EJ# <A$) I # <$. K 2 # E % 2 (68
<$. 2 # <$. EJ# <A$) I # <$. K 2 # E % 2 (68

; # " 1 1 #
" 5C * " *

' $ "
2 6

Datos. R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1. Masas atómicas: O = 16; S = 32.

Solución

. B

-*12 *0* B
1 1 2 * 0 * E - B
 D#
2 2; <
E; < * !
D#
@,% <@,% 2 % E <)% I % * #& * 2 <% E &4 2
D#
(6()# ! ! @,) <@,) 2 % E <)% I ) * #& *
2 <% E 7( 2 (6(%8 =
2 <%: I %:) F 2 )(( F! -

1 <3 2 <(6()# * (6(7% *3*FD# * D#

* )(( F E % 2 (6)7# 3 @,%
1 <3 2 <(6(%8 * (6(7% *3*FD# * D#
* )(( F E % 2 (6)(7 3 @,)

1< 2 1 <@,% I 1 <@,) 2 (6)7# 3 I (6)(7 3 2 (6&7> 3

@
< 2 <@,% I <@,) 2 (6()# I (6(%8 2 (6(8&

1 <3 2 <(6(8& * (6(7% *3*FD# * D#

* )(( F E % 2 (6&7> 3

3 = 2 E
!-
<@,% 2 (6()# E (6(8& 2 (6884
<@,) 2 (6(%8 E (6(8& 2 (644&

' " 2 " # 5 C* 4.

*

2 " "
2 " " D "
Datos. R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1. Masas atómicas: H = 1; He = 4.

Solución

.
D# D#
% * * $% I 4 * * $ 2 &(
$% 2 $
0 2 2 #(

9 #( <$% I #( <$ 2 %( !"

 -< 2 <%( * (6(7% *3*FD# * D#
* <%:) I %: F E % 3 2 %4&

- B
- 2 *-

<$% 2 <$ 2 (68 B B !-

- <$ 2 - <$ 2 (68 * %4& 2 #%) !

@ +

- <$ 2 - <$ 2 #( * (6(7% * )(( E % 2 #%) !

" " (. 2 " "

" 0 C* 02 *1 ( 02
*1 0 C* *

2 " " D
2 " "
Datos. R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1.

Solución

3 B

2- *1E0 * 2# * 8 3 E(6(7% 3 F D# D#
* <%:) I %8 F 2 (6%(8
.,%!
2- *1E0 * 2% * 8 3 E(6(7% 3 F D# D#
* <%:) I %8 F 2 (64(>
.,!
3 (6%(8 I (64(> 2(6&#4 !
?
- 2< E * #((
- .,% 2 <(6%(8 E (6&#4 * #(( 2 ))64 L
- ., 2 <(64(> E (6&#4 * #(( 2 &&6& L

-< 2 <(6&#4 * (6(7% *3*FD# * D#

* %>7 F E #( 3 2 #68 !
' " . 2 " "
.C * 2 + " .2 < ,
" .C * *

2 " D "
2 " " " ! " 2
( " " "

Datos. R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1.

Solución

!
3 B

2 - * 1 E 0 * 2 % * % 3 E(6(7% 3 F D# D#
* <%:) I )( F 2
(6#&# $%!
2-*1E0* 24 * %( 3 E(6(7% 3 F D# D#
* <%:) I )( F 2
)6%%( A%!
3 (6#&# I )6%%( 2 )6)7# !

-< 2 <)6)7# * (6(7% *3*FD# * D#

* )() F E %( 3 2 46% !

3 ? B
2-*1E0* 2# * % 3 E(6(7% 3 F D# D#
* )() F 2 (6(7(
? !
3 B B 2 )6)7# H (6(7( 2)6)(#
B
-< 2 <)6)(# * (6(7% *3*FD# * D#
* )() F E %( 3 2 46# !
3 %( 3!

-
B - 2 *-
3 B
! B
? ? +
B !-
<$% 2 (6#&# E )6)7# 2 (6(47
<A% 2 )6%%( E )6)7# 2 (6>8%

- <$% 2 (6(47 * 46# 2 (6#>: !

- <A% 2 (6>8% * 46# 2 ) >() !
; " (. 2 *1 *1 ) 6
./ ./5E " $ D "
" 5 C* *

2 " " D " "

' - "
Datos. R = 0’082 atm L K-1 mol-1. Masas atómicas: C = 12; O = 16.

Solución

. - 2 - !-

- <.,% 2 (6%% * % 2 (644

- <., 2 (6:7 * % 2 #68&

9 9
! -
-12 0 2 0 E;
; !
D#
2-1;E0 2% * #( 3 * 44 * E(6(7% 3 FD# D#
* )(( F 2
)867 .,%
D#
2-1;E0 2% * #( 3 * %7 * E(6(7% 3 FD# D#
* )(( F
2 %%67 .,

* " # 6-
Datos. Masas atómicas: H = 1; S = 32; O = 16

Solución

. /
; <$%@,4 2 % #I# )% I 4 #& 2 >7
- #((

>7 #((
= = 2 %5(4 L $
%
 >7 #((
= = 2 )%5&8 L @
)%

>7 #((
= = 2 &85)# L ,
&4

$ (. # (2 *

2
2 (.. 2
2
Datos. A + F (G < F (,G 1 F (4

Solución

.
; <$A,) 2 # I #4 I ) * #& 2 &)
3
; <$A,) 2 <#( E &) E # 3 2 (6#8> ;

(5#(( 3 * ; * 3D# 2 (6#(( * (6#8> 2 (6(#8> !

- B B
% 3 * ; * 3D# 2 % * ; 2 (6(#8> B ; 2
(6(#8> E % 2 :6>8 * #(D) B
(6((:>8 ; ≅ (6((7 ;!

" 0.. 2 (. < 1+

(/.( B 2 *

2
2 6 $
Datos. A + F (G 1 F (4G < F .
Solución

3 ;2 E #(((
!-
D#
; 2 #( E 4( * 2 (6%8
- 2- H 2 #6(# * 3D#* 8(( 3
H #( 2 4>8
; 2 <(6%8 E (64>8 M 2 (68(8

3
2 E 2 (68(8 EJ(68(8 I <#((( E #7 *
D#
K 2 (68(8 E<(68(8 I 8868& 2 (6((>
2 E 2 8868& EJ(68(8 I <#((( E #7
D#
* K 2 8868& E<(68(8 I 88688 2 (6>>#!

; " (5H , I
E H54 I " 0E
*

2 6 "
b) 2 6
A + F (G * F (

Solución

#:5%4
$ = #:5%4
# E

7%5:&
. = &57:
#% E
3 !@
B

#:5%4 &57:
$ = %58( != . = # !
&57: &57:
. B / /
.%$8

. +

87 2 <% #% I <8 # 2 %>

2% B .4$#(

' 6 (0.C * 6 6
*

2 6 6 "
) ./.4 I 1 ),./( I * ) (..I
' - ! "
/0. 4 6 (/4.(E
"
A + F (G 1 F (4G F G * F 4 /0

Solución

3
D#
@ 2 %(6(& E )% * 2 (6&%:
D#
, 2 4(6#% E #& * 2 %68(7
D#
. 2 )>67% E&)68 * 2 (6&%:
3 !@
B
@ 2 (6&%: E (6&%: ! 2 # !
, 2 %68(7 E (6&%: !2 4 !
. 2 (6&%: E (6&%: ! 2 # !
. B / /
. @,4!

N %68(%& H #6&(#7 2 (6>(7(

-
#6&(#7 E #8>68 2 (6(# = (6>(7( E#7 2 (6(8

(6(# E (6(# 2 # = (6(8 E (6(# 2 8!

- . @,4*8$%,
; # #6 - " * )4,/E. I + )( /4( I 1
) (.. I ' " "
4.,/, *
2 6 "
2 6
A + F (G * F ( G 1 F (4

Solución

@
L , 2#(( D &467 D #)6&# 2 %#68>
"
<

&457( #)5&# %#58>

.= = 854(( = $= = #)5&# = ,= = #5)8
#% # #&

854((
. = 45(
#5)8(
#)5&#
$ = #(5((
#5)8(
#5)8(
, = #
#5)8(

3 C4 H10 O

-
B

% ;
= = ; 2 :4 E
(5&(4 3 %%54 3
:4 2 #% 4 I #( # I #& 2 :4
2#

3 C4 H10 O
* /05 " # * + 1
" 0/(, *1 ./:.(0 +1 * # # 6 "
" %
Datos. A + F (G * F ( G 1 F (4

Solución

@ B

44 .,% 85#4)
= = 2 #54(
#%

#7 $% , (5>(#8
= = 2 (5#((
% $%

. 2 #64( = $ 2 (6#(( = , 2 %68: H (6#(( H #64( 2 #6(:

" B

#54( (5#(( #5(:

. = (5##&& = $ = (5#(( ; , = (5(&&7
#% # #&

(5##&& (5#(( (5(&&7

= #5:8 = = #58 = = #
(5(&&7 (5(&&7 (5(&&7

- / /
.7 $6,4

' 6 )<+, 1, 6
*
' " " "
2 6 " " (. J

A + F (G < F (,G 1 F (4G F

Solución

. %7 L

; [<A$4 % @,4 ] = #)%

#)% <A$4 2@,4 #((

= = 2 %#5%# L A
%7 A

. B #)% %7
= #( F

#)% <A$ 4 % @,4

= = 2 4:#4) <A$ 4 % @,4
%7 A #((((

0 2 # 6- (/E, B :4I
" 0. 2
*
= " " " "

A + F (G 1 F (4G F

Solución

. %8 3

2 * 1 2 #674 E 3 %8 3 2 4&

. B ? >&L < /

9 $%@,4 2 4& (6>& 2 446% $%@,4

; <$%@,4 2 >7

445%
$%@,4 2 = (548
>7 E
 -
(548
;2 = #57
(5%8 3

; - %8 3 ? %8( 3
!
- ? %8( 3 O #8(
3 ? O %8 3
/ B
/ ! @
! " O
B
!- / ?
?
!

* < 1+ E.I " " "

" " 0. 2 ./. 0 A
' " " " " "

A + F (G 1 F (4G < F

Solución

3 %8( 3 (6(%8 ;

9 2; *1

9 2 (6(%8 E3 (6%8 3 2 &6%8 * #( D) A ,$

; <A ,$ 2 4(

9 A ,$ 2 &6%8 * #(D) 4( 2 (6%8 A ,$

. 7(L ? A ,$
 #((
9 A ,$ 2 (6%8 2 (6)# A ,$
7(

; C ?
? %8( 3 !
- @ (6)#
O B #(( 3
? !@ B !"
?

B O B B !
+ ? ! @
!" O
B
!- / ?
?
!

* 0 I
"
A + F (G 1 F (4G < F !

Solución

3 8L B 8
< #((

A ,$ 2 8

; 2 H 2 #(( H8 2 >8 $%,

3 <

; <A ,$ 2 4(

8 A ,$
4( E
2 = = #5)%
F >8 $%,
#(((
' " #
(H B 2 4I " *
6

A + F (G 1 F (4G * F 0H0

Solución

. / B

; #3 2 * 1 2 #6% E 3 #((( 3 2 #%((

. )& L

; $. 2 #%(( (6)& 2 4)% $.

; $%, 2 H 2 #%(( H 4)% 2 :&7 $%,

;; <$. 2 )&68 = ;; <$%, 2 #7

4)%
9 $. 2 = ##57
)&58 E

:&7
9 $%, 2 = 4%5:
#7 E

##57 $.
<$. 2 = (5%#:
##57 $. I 4%5: $%,

4%5: $% ,
<$% , 2 = (5:7)
##57 $. I 4%5: $% ,

. < I < 2#
 . B (6%#: I (6:7) 2 #

B 4)%
< :&7 <

4)% $.
)&58 E
2 = = #854#
F (5:&7 F $%,

0 2 /0 A * 1, $
,0. 2
* # 6 %
* # 6 %
A 1 F (4G F G * F 4 /0

Solución

3 <PP %8 3 <(6(%8 3 %68 ;

9 . @,4 2 %68 E3 (6(%8 3 2 (6(&% . @,4

. ; <. @,4 2 #8>68 /

9 . @,4 2 (6(&% #8>68 E 2 >6>: . @,4

. B (6(&%
<PP

(5(&% . @,4
;2 = (5#4
(548( 3

(. # # 6- *
' $ 5* 5,.
"
2 6 6
E.I
3 F ./.E ?2? KL(? L(
A 1 F (4G F G M F 40/,
Solución

@
Q I $%@,4 → Q @,4 I $%

. ; <Q 2 &864 ?
#(
; Q 2 = (5#8
&854 E

3 B + # Q # $%
; Q 2 $% 2 (6#8

<# ! 2 :&( $

:4(
2 = (5>:4 !
:&(

2 %:) I %: 2 )(( F

*0* (5#8 (5(7% *3*F D# * D#

)(( F
12 = = )57 3
(5>:4

0 B + # Q # Q @,4
; <Q @,4 2 #&#64

. B ?

# Q (5#8
= = 2 %45%# Q @,4
#&#54 Q @,4

. 7(L B

%46%# (67( 2 #>6): Q @,4

" " # "

# 6- - ) D
< * N + 1, → < 1, N +*=
*
2 # 6- :.I " #
" " (9 #
, I "
2 "
A + F (G 1 F (4G < F G F G* F 0>0

Solución

@
% A . I $%@,4 → A %@,4 I % $.
0 B # + $%@,4 % $.
@ B # 4%L
9F $. 2 #((( F (64% 2 4%( F $.
- / 4%( F

; <$%@,4 2 >7 = ; <$. 2 )&68

>7 $% @,4
= = 2 8&)7)& $% @,4
% )&58 $. 4%((((
. / B >(L B ?
B 8&)!7)& /
#((
9 $%@,4 >(L 2 8&)77)& 2 &%&474 $%@,4
>(
B + # $%@,4 % A .
3 8&)7)&
/

; <A . 2 8768

>7 $% @,4 8&)7)&

= = 2 &:)#8# A .
% 8758 A .

' " 6 "

* 6 " .
4.
! $ ! %
6 ( . C* ( "
$ "
3 F ./.E 2 KL( L(
A + F (G 1 F (4
Solución

%$% I ,% → % $%,

0 B + % $% % $%,
# ,% % $%,
% $% # ,%
. B B
B B B
!" %(

; <$% 2 % = ; <,% 2 )% = ; <$%, 2 #7

% % $% %(
= = 2 #&( ,%
)% ,%
. &( +
B

)% ,% &(
= = 2 &:58 $% 1
)& $%,

+ B &( B

)% ,% &(
= = 2 :58 $%
% % $%

-
9 $% 2 %( H :68 2 #%68 $%

"

*0*
12
"

2 %:) I #%( 2 )>) F

. ; <$%, 2 #7 /
 &:58
$%, 2 2 )6:8
#7 E

)5:8 (5(7% * 3EF * )>) F

12 = #%(57 3
#

'
< * N 7 <1 → 7 * N < <1
! " " " (.. 2
" ./0 A (.. 2 ./, A%
* $ "

A < F (,G 1 F (4G < F G * F 0/0G 7 F (.E

Solución

3 B !

0 B + # A . # " A,)
# A . # " .
# " A,) # " .
3 B #(( 3 (68 ;

9 " A,) 2 ; 1 2 (68 E3 (6# 3 2 (6(8

3 B #(( 3 (64 ;
9 A . 2 (64 E3 (6# 3 2 (6(4
- B +
B

; <" . 2 #4)68

# A . (5(4
= = 2 85:4 " .
#4)58 " .

B (6(8
(6(4 < B
B + (6(4 (6(4
B (6(# !
 ; <" A,) 2 #:(
9 " A,) 2 (6(# #:( E 2 #6: " A,)

. " .. 2 # 4 A *
"
! # # %
! $ 5C* " 54.
# " %
3 F ./.E ?2? KL( ? L(
A + F (G * F 0/0G M F 40/,

Solución

Q I %$. → Q . % I $%

0 B + # Q % $.
. Q

; <Q 2 &864

%(
Q 2 = (5)#
&854 E

. + $.

A9 $. 2 & E3 (6% 3 2 #6%

. B +
B (6)# Q

# Q (5)#
= = 2 (5&% $.
% $.

0 Q (6&% #6%
!- !

0 B + # Q $%
. (6)# ? (6)#
! -

*0*
12

2 :&( $ 2# !
2 %:) I %: 2 )(( F
(5)# (5(7% * 3*F D# * D#
)(( F
12 = :5& 3
#

* +<1 4I "
(/ B 2
!$ # " " " ./0 2
./ 0 A%
A + F (G < F (,G 1 F (4G

Solución

)&L B ? B )& <$A,)

#(( ! #((

#((
2 = 12 = 7#5>: 3
1 #5%% E 3

; <$A,) 2 &)
)&
9 $A,) 2 = (58: $A,)
&) E
-
(58: $A,)
;2 = &5>8
(5(7% 3
. $A,) (68
(6%8 ;
(5%8 $A,)
= = 2 (5#%8 $A,)
#3 (58 3
 &6>8 B (6#%8
$A,)
&5>8 $A,) (5#%8
= = 1 2 #7 3
#((( 3 1

&
7 <1 N * → < 10 N 7 * NO1
*
2 < 10 " . 7 <1
' $ . C* 4 .
3 F ./.E ? 2? KL( ? L(
A <F(,G 1F(4G 7 F(.E

Solución

- /
B + % " A,) # A%,8

; <" A,) 2 #:(

% #:( " A,) %(

= = 2 (5(& A%,8
# A%,8

. /
B + % " A,) (68 ,%
% #:( " A,) %(
= = 2 (5() ,%
(58 ,%

"
(5() (5(7% * 3*F D# * D#
%>) F
12 = (577) 3 ,%
&%(
:&(

; +<1 (0 A (>,. B 2 *
2 " +<1
 ' $ " " " (. 2
+<1 .>.0 A
A < F (,G 1 F (4G + F (

Solución

; <$A,) 2 &)

2 #8 &) E 2 >48

2 #((( 3 #64( E 3 2 #4((

$A,) >48
L 2 #(( 2 #(( 2 &:58L
#4((

-
#( (6(8 ;

9 2 (6(8 E3 #( 3 2 (68 $A,)

. #8 $A,)
B (6(8 ;

#((( 3 1
= = 1 2 ))5)) 3
#8 $A,) (58

& +* ./ A
2 +* . 2
' $ # P . 2 +* ./ A "
" . .( A " $ - $
A + F (G * F 0/0

Solución

. $. B (6% $.
; <$. 2 )&68
9 $. 2 (6% )&68 E 2 :6) $.
- %( 3
:5) $.
= = 2 (5#4& $.
#((( 3 %( 3
/ $. %( 3 (6% ;

(5#4& $.
9 $. = 2 (5((4 $.
)&58 E
(6(# ;

(5((4 $.
1 = 2 (54 3
(5(# $. E3

- B B O
4(( 3 H %( 3 2 )7( 3

' # 6- -
< N + 1, → < 1 , N +
; " 2
# 6- (E A * " D
* $ " 0 C* (
. " # 6-
3 F ./.E ?2?KL(? L(
A < F 0E/5

Solución

. / % 3 <(6((% 3

9 $%@,4 2 #7 E3 (6((% 3 2 (6()& $%@,4

B / /
/ B
B

; <A 2 876:

9 A 2 (6()& 876: E 2 %6## A

 A )

%5##
L B = #(( 2 :(5) L
)

0 B + # A # $%

. B

875: A %( A
= = 2 (5)4 $%
# $%

(5)4 (5(7% * 3*F D# * D#

<%:) I %8 F
12 = 75)# 3 $%
#

* 6 E.I "
N
" " " 0.. 2 ./( A )<
! " 6 $
$ 4.I " %
A + F (G 1 F (4G < F G F

Solución

3 8(( 3 (6# ;

I
(5# A I
= = 2 (5(8 A
#3 (58 3

; <A %@,4 2 #4%

#4% A % @,4
= = 2 )588 A %@,4
% A I (5(8
. B ? 7(L

#((
9 A %@,4 2 )688 2 4644 A %@,4
7(

@ ?

; <A %@,4 * #( $%, 2 )%%

)%% A %@,4 * #( $%,

= = 2 75(8 A %@,4 * #( $%,
% A I (5(8

. B ? &(L
#((
9 A %@,4 * #( $%, 2 76(8 2 #)64% A %@,4 * #( $%,
&(

' " " " !

-
< +*1 → < *1 N *1 N + 1
" 0. :EI "
*
' $ *1 " 0C* (H
2
3 F ./.E 2 KL( L(
A < F G + F (G * F ( G 1 F (4

Solución

. B ? >7L

; A $.,) 2 8( (6>7 2 4> A $.,)

; <A $.,) 2 74

% 74 A $.,) 4>
= = 1 2 &58 3
%%54 3 .,% 1
 - *1 -*1
=

# &58 3 #5% 1
= = 1 2 85> 3
%:) F <%:) I %8 F

+ /

0 B + % A $.,) # .,%

% 74 A $.,) 4>
= = 2 (5%> .,%
# .,%

(5%> (5(7% * 3*F D# * D#

<%:) I %8 F
12 = 85> 3
#5%

0 B + % A $.,) # A %.,)
; <A %.,) 2 #(&

% 74 A $.,) 4>
= = 2 )(5> A %.,)
#(& A %.,)

7 0 # 6- ,(. +
-
@ N + 1, → @ 1, N +
*
2 @
' $ # 6- ./0 A
A @ F .5G F

Solución

3 B / (64# 3
$%@
 ; <- @ 2 %)>

%)> - @
= = 2 454 - @
%%54 3 $% @ (54# 3
454
3 B ? #(( 2 77 L
8

0 B + # - @ # $%@,4

3 / B 464 - @

; <$%@,4 2 >7

%)> - @ 454
= = 2 #57 $%@,4
>7 $%@,4

#57 $% @,4
$% @,4 = = (5(#7
>7 E

(58 $% @,4 (5(#7

= = 1 2 )& 3
#((( 3 1

* " )K* 1 "

"
* " E.I " #
" " (J "
* # " # ! $ " #
%
3 F ./.E ?2?KL(? L(
A 1 F (4G * F 0/0G K F :

Solución

%F. ,) → ),% I %F.

0 B + % F. ,) % F.
 ; <F. ,) 2 #%%68 = ; <F. 2 :468 = ; <,% 2 )%

. F

% #%%58 F. ,)
= = 2 #&445) F. ,)
% :458 F. #(((

. B ? 7(L

#((
9 F. ,) 2 #&446) 2 %(8864 F. ,)
7(

0 B + % F. ) ,%
3 F. #F

#(((
9 F. 2 2 #)64
:458 E

. B

% F. #)54
= = 2 %(5# ,%
) ,%

- B

%(5# (5(7% * 3*F D# * D#

%:) F
12 = 48( 3
#

' 6 "
" " 6 -

< 1, N 8 * → 8 1, N < *

* # 8 1, 6 E/0 2
6 ./50 A %
* # 2 ./(0 A "
./4 6 %
A 1 F (4G F G 8 F( 5
Solución

0 B + # A %@,4 # C @,4

3 768 3 (6:8 ;

9 A %@,4 2 (6:8 E3 (6((78 3 2 &64 * #(D)

.
; <C @,4 2 %))

# A % @,4 &54 * #( D)
= = 2 #54># C @,4
%)) C @,4

0 B + # C . % # C @,4

. (6&

# C .%
= = 2 %587 * #( D) C .%
%)) C @,4 (5&

(6#8 ;

%587 * #( D)
12 2 (6(#: 3 2 #: 3
(5#8 E3

$ 0 " " 0.. 2 P

. 2 #
(/.5 B ,I " " " "
"
2 "
2 #
A + F (G < F (,G 1 F (4G * F 0/0G 7 F (.E

Solución

" A,) I $. → " . I $A,)

 / %( 3
2 * 1 2 #6(: E 3 %( 3 2 %#64 $.
. B ? $. 4L

9 $. 2 %#64 $. (6(4 2 (678& $.

. ; <$. 2 )&68

(578&
9 $. 2 2 (6(%)
)&58 E

. B + B # " A,)
# $.
; <" A,) 2 #:(
9 " A,) 2 (6(%) #:( E 2 )6># " A,)
- B ?
8 #((
= = 2 :75% L
)5># " A,)

B %( 3 (6(%)

(5(%)
;2 2 #6#8 ;
(5(%( 3

* P (.. 6
) -
* * ) N + 1 → * )1+ ) N *+ )
* #

6 #
3 F ./.E ?2?KL(? L(
A + F (G * F ( G 1 F (4G * F ,.

Solución

0 B + # . .% # .%$%

; <. .% 2 &4 = ; <.%$% 2 %&

3

&4 . .% #((
= = 2 4(5&) .%$%
%& .% $%

.%$% I 8E% ,% → %.,% I $%,

0 B + # .%$% % .,%

%& .% $% 4(5&)
= = 2 )5#) .,%
% .,%

)5#) (5(7% * 3*F D# * D#

%:) F
12 = :( 3
#

" +

%& .% $% 4(5&)
= = 1 2 :( 3 .,%
% %%54 3 .,% 1

; (.. " .
-
*+, N 1 → *1 N +1
* +4 N 1 → *1 N +1
*
' $
2 6

Solución

2 3 = 2 3
I 2 #((
3 +
*+, N 1 → *1 N +1
 * +4 N )5B 1 → *1 N +1
2 " 6

2 2
2 /0 2
' N /0 F .
3 $ F . 2
F E. 2

2 6 $ "
6 F . 2 B (.. 2 F ./ "
6 F E. 2 B (.. 2 F ./E "

* " -

Q N ((B 1 → , 1 N Q 1

6 " (... 2 + 1, E A 9
(.. I

' - J " " #

6- " " "
' " D " " (... J
" " # 6-
A F G Q F 00/E0

Solución

B % G @% 4 @,%
B ? 4 $%@,4!
- B
#((( 3 * 7 ; 2 #((( 3 * 7 * 3D# 2 7((( $%@,4
R B 4((( G @%!

" B M
D#
4((( * <88678 I % * )% * 2 4((( * ##>678 * 24:>4((
#((( M !
" G @% 2 4:>64 M !
. #((( M
G @% B 4:>64 M ?
B
P ? 2 #((( M H 4:>64 M G @% 2 8%(6& M !

- ? 2<8%(6& M ? E#((( M *#(( 2 8%6(& L