BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure December 2016

/LOSK

+45 22709597
losk@mth.dk

BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION/CHANGES PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED

BY BY BY

0 Jan 2015 First edition incl. comments from D&E LOSK DWP POL

1 Dec 2016 Release to external parties, general corrections LOSK DWP POL

MT Højgaard A/S
Knud Højgaards Vej 7
2860 Søborg

+45 7012 2400

mth.dk

CVR 12562233
Table of Contents

1. Introduction 3

2. BIM processes 4
2.1 Roles 5
2.2 Effective data flow 5
2.3 Common Data Environment 10

3. BIM as CAD production basis 12

3.1 Template 12
3.2 Reference points 12
3.3 Coordinate system/elevation systems 12
3.4 Revision documentation 13

4. Structuring BIM Models 15

4.1 Type models 15
4.2 Folder structure 17
4.3 Reference systems 18
4.4 Naming of BIM Models 21
4.5 Naming of objects 22
4.6 Model list 26
4.7 Levels of development 26

5. Subscription tools 27
5.1 Geotechnical Module 2017 28

6. BIM Models on the construction site 41

6.1 Fix points 41
6.2 Site model 41
6.3 Excavation 41

7. Data extracts from BIM Models 43

7.1 Drawing production 43
7.2 Quantity takeoffs 46
7.3 Export from Revit to AutoCAD Civil 3D 49

8. Quality control of BIM Models 50

8.1 Approved 50
8.2 Authorised 53
8.3 Verified 53

9. Exchange 54
9.1 Machine control and surveying 54
9.2 Formats 55

10. Lists 56
10.1 List of abbreviations 56
10.2 List of formats 56
10.3 List of Softwares 57

11. Appendices 57
11.1 Appendix 1 Effective Data Flow 57
11.2 Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE) 57
11.3 Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Models 57
11.4 Appendix 4 Naming of objects 57
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1. Introduction

This Manual describes building information modeling (BIM) processes and tools for MT
Højgaard’s (MTH) earthworks and road projects. AutoCAD Civil 3D and the associated processes
and tools form the backbone of building information modeling (BIM).

Over the past years, BIM has been used on more and more projects. For instance, BIM and
machine control are often used for excavation models for foundations and pipework. This
emphasises the importance of this Manual.

You do not need to read the Manual from start to finish. Below you can see the intended
addressees of the different sections:

 Chapter 2 describes BIM processes and roles. This chapter is relevant for all parties
involved in civil works and infrastructure projects.
 Chapters 3-8 describe AutoCAD Civil 3D procedures and are therefore relevant for
AutoCAD Civil 3D users. The chapters require a basic knowledge of AutoCAD Civil 3D and
are not a software manual.
Use this Manual in your daily work and make sure that you always use the right naming
and object for the task you perform.
 Appendices 1-3 provide detailed descriptions of various processes. Read them if
necessary. The document refers to these descriptions where relevant.
 Appendix 4 contains all naming tables of objects from section 4.5.

If you have any questions, comments or input to the BIM Manual, please write to vdc@mth.dk.

In the document, file formats will be abbreviated using a full stop and three lower-case letters
such as .pdf for a digital plot in the Adobe format. We use upper-case letters for abbreviations.
For instance, GPS is an abbreviation of Global Positioning System. At the very back of the
document, there is a list of abbreviations, formats and softwares (see sections 10.1, 10.2 and
10.3).

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2. BIM processes
A building information model is not just one model. It generally contains a lot of references,
objects, property data and history. The processes through to a finished BIM Model may involve
different paths, and the end result may have a multitude of appearances. Figure 1 illustrates
this complexity where information merges and is presented and used in different ways. (See
section 4.1 for an overview of the various types of models shown in the figure). Chapter 2
describes how and why BIM processes in MTH are performed in the same way because it results
in:

 A more comprehensive overview of the project

 More accurate BIM Models
 Fewer errors in the design basis

Figure 1: BIM processes. Source: Supplement to the bips CAD Manual 2008.

Sections 2.2 and 2.3 provide a more detailed description of BIM processes. See also Appendix 1
for specification of Effective Data Flow and Appendix 2 for an example of a BIM Model’s journey
through the Common Data Environment. But first the BIM roles must be in place.

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2.1 Roles
Table 1 below describes BIM roles on earthworks and road projects. It is possible for one
person to have several roles. The roles will apply throughout the Manual.

Roles Description

BIM Coordinator Coordinator of the BIM work. Each firm

appoints one or more BIM Coordinator(s)

BIM Manager Manager of the different BIM Coordinators

Designer The designer creating the BIM-model

Design Engineer Designer with design responsibility

Approver In most cases a project or design manager

Model secretary A person keeping an eye on the client’s

project web and Shared. When there are new
files, the Model Secretary will notify the
project team.

Table 1: Roles

2.2 Effective data flow

The effective data flow (Figure 2) describes how to effectively exchange data between different
tools throughout the construction process. The appendix provides a general description of the
tools as the processes can be carried out using Autodesk as well as Bentley tools.

The effective data flow supports effective BIM collaboration on the project if the right tools and
competencies are available and can be used for all types of civil works and infrastructure
projects such as roads, railways, bridges, tunnels and land developments.

The effective data flow enables the reuse of data from process to process on the individual
project. The reuse of data reduces errors and workload.

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Figure 2: Effective data flow.

The top of Figure 2 shows two types of modeling tools: a Preliminary project tool (1) and a
Design tool (2), and the bottom of Figure 2 describes the possibilities of further processing the
BIM Models in other tools (3-6). The arrows between the tools indicate data flow directions.
Active interaction between the tools in all phases of the project adds tremendous value as the
tools contain different design and analysis options, and the tools allows for easy exchange of
information/data. The different types of tools and processes are described in further detail
below.

Tools
1. Preliminary project tool
The Preliminary project tool makes it possible to create conceptual designs of different
solutions and to present processes and solutions. The tool is intended to support the
design and visualisation processes in the Design tool (2) to facilitate easy interchange of
data between these two tools, without any loss of data.

The tool must be able to import a large number of file formats to build the conceptual
design. Likewise, the tool must be able to import existing data such terrain, buildings,
roads and pipes.

The tool must also include a BIM Model analysis option such as roadway curves, analyses
of visibility from cars, profile optimisation and shade conditions. The tool may also
include an option to develop conceptual designs of bridges, roads and drainage systems
which can be processed in detail in ancillary Design tools (2).

As an example of Preliminary project tools are Autodesk InfraWorks 360 or Esri

CityEngine, which both can import most file formats and perform various analyses.

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 2. Design tool
The Design tool should allow for detailed design and optimisation of Alignments, Profiles,
road structures, excavations, surfacing, etc. The tool must be able to automatically
generate quantity takeoffs, cross sections as well as plan and profile views so that
products such as quantities and drawing production need no longer be made manually.

Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D, Trimble Tekla Structures and Bentley Microstation Inroads
are examples of Design tools in civil works and infrastructure projects.

3. Production planning
Production planning includes various project and process planning initiatives, including:

 Site model
 Visualisation of critical processes/building components
 Materials and logistics optimisation

By planning the execution the construction works from start to finish already in the
design phase, most challenges are taken into account before the first turf is cut. This will,
for instance, minimise unforeseen costs and production stoppage and reduce fuel
consumption and CO2 emissions – and ultimately shorten construction time.

Autodesk Navisworks and InfraWorks are also examples of tools that can be used for
production planning in civil works and infrastructure projects.

4. BIM detailed project planning

The Design tools (2) are used for detailed design in BIM.

5. Earthworks optimisation
For earthworks optimisation, we use a location-based project management tool that can
handle soil quantities and which supports planning and management of large linear civil
works and infrastructure projects such as roads or railways as well as, for instance, mass
optimisation.

Dynaroad is an example of a state-of-the-art tool designed specifically for the planning

and management of large linear civil works and infrastructure projects.

6. Machine control and surveying

Building information models are used for machine control and surveying. BIM Models
from the Design tools (2) can be entered in machine control and surveying equipment to
enable the crew to stake out reference points, grade and begin excavation directly. The
work performed can also be measured automatically for control and as-built
documentation.

The Leica iCON system is an example of a tool for both machine control and surveying.
To inquire about a trial period, contact Leica Geosystems in Denmark (leica-
geosystems.dk).

Data flows
a. From Preliminary project tool (1) to Design tool (2) and vice versa.
Central and crucial to effective data flow is the exchange of data between Preliminary
project tools (1) and Design tools (2). It is therefore essential that the two tools interact
well enough to avoid any loss of data during the exchange. Below follows an example of
a procedure between these two tools:

In the project start-up phase, the existing conditions will be imported into the
Preliminary project tool (1) to generate a conceptual design. The conceptual design
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 could for instance consist of a bridge (see Figure 3a). The conceptual design, including
existing conditions, will then be exported to the Design tool (2) to detail the design (see
Figure 3b). In the course of the design phase or after the end of the design, information
on the project can be gathered in the Preliminary project tool (1) for a visualisation of
the designed project (see Figure 3c).

a b c
Figure 3: Relationship between Design tool and Preliminary project tool.

b. From Preliminary project tool (1) and Design tool (2) to production planning (3).
Production planning is a broad concept when it comes to tools and processes. The
starting point of this document is planning based on a site model, visualisation of critical
processes/building components and materials and logistics optimisation.

b1. Site model

Site models are BIM Models of the construction project with existing surroundings, build
in the Preliminary project tool (1) or the Design tool (2) and using building site objects
(e.g. cranes, containers, signs, etc.). The site model gives a good overview of the
construction period and makes it possible, among other things, to identify any space and
logistics problems in the design phase and to minimise relocation of functions at the site
because all factors have been considered from the outset. The site model must be
updated as the project progresses.

Figure 4 shows an example of a site model. The model includes site accommodation, car
parking, excavation, materials store, fences, interim roads, etc.

Figure 4: Site model.

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 b2. Visualisation of critical processes/building components
The Preliminary project tool (1) is used for visualisation of critical processes, e.g. crane
lifting, fencing, interim measures, health and safety and scaffolding. It may also be
useful to visualise carriage roads etc. if there is little space around the site. Visualisations
make it possible to think the critical process/building component through and to find a
useful and tested solution.

b3. Materials and logistics optimisation

A location-based project management tool (5) is used for materials and logistics
optimisation. See the next section (d) for more details.

c. From Preliminary project tool (1) to Design tool (2) to BIM detailed design (4).
The preliminary designs in the Preliminary project tool (1) are exported to the Design
tool (2) for detailed planning. The same BIM Model is used in the preliminary design and
the detailed planning phase. This is to ensure that the same geometry is used and that
the design is well-coordinated.

Below is an example of a detailed design of a bridge component. The component is

exported from the Preliminary project tool (1) to the Design tool (2) where the geometry
is updated and 3D reinforcement models are produced.

Figure 5: BIM detailed design of bridge component.

d. From Design tool (2) to location-based planning tool (5) and vice versa.
Calculated earth quantities from the Design tool (2) are imported in the location-based
planning tool (5) from Excel. The quantities in Excel are generated in the Design tool (2),
in which they are analysed and segmented according to application categories. On that
basis, the location-based planning tool (5) calculates haul distances and thereby
visualises areas where the design could benefit from vertical changes to the Alignment or
other changes (see Figure 5). If possible, the design will be adjusted in the Design tool
(2) on the basis of the calculations in the location-based planning tool (5), and then the
quantities will be recalculated and reimported into the location-based planning tool (5).
The process runs iteratively until the optimum solution has been found.

e. From Design tool (2) to machine control/surveying (6) and vice versa.
The design file is imported into the machine control and surveying tools (6) to generate a
terrain model, an alignment file and a file containing information on the project's
coordinate system. The files can be used for machine control and in a total station (see
Figure 6). The systems can also measure in points during performance of work for control
and as-built documentation. These Points are exported to the Design tool (2) to check
the work performed.

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Figure 6: Display of design on tablets at total station and in machine house.

f. Handover
Handover may consist of quantities, production drawings, visualisations, parts lists,
presentation model, schedule, as-built, etc.

2.3 Common Data Environment

When exchanging files, it is important that the structure is transparent and works. There are
many example of situations where the project team has lost track of which files are current,
which files have been released, etc. The structure shown in Figure 7 (Common Data
Environment, CDE) can help overcome these challenges. This structure is based on British
Standard PAS 1192-2:2013, which provides a detailed description of the work processes
involved in this structure. The most important elements are described below.

Figure 7: Common Data Environment from PAS 1192-2:2013.

Figure 7 shows the journey of a BIM Model from start to publication. Each individual BIM Model
will follow its own path from start (Work In Progress) to handover (Published), but a common
feature for all BIM Models is that they must all go through the elements shown in the figure one
or more times.

The Common Data Environment (CDE) involves four model areas and three quality control
processes. The quality control processes take place in between the four model areas Work in
progress, Shared, Published and Archive. The three different quality control processes

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Approved, Authorised and Verified involve three different quality control methods. The quality
control methods are described in further detail in Chapter 8.

The CDE processes are described in further detail below. There is also an example of the
process in Appendix 1 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE).

Work in Progress
Each Work in Progress contains BIM Models from a firm or a discipline group such as roads,
pipework, pipe lines, bridges, etc. These firms/discipline groups are to exchange BIM Models
with each other. What is common to all discipline groups/firms is that they work on internal
disk drives.

Approved
For the BIM Model to be uploadable to Shared, the model must go through a checking, review
and approval process. The quality control (QC) must include:
 Self-checking
 BIM Model technical QC
 Lead Engineer QC
 Approval

Shared
Once the BIM Model has completed the quality control process Approved, it will be uploaded to
Shared. Shared will be a common project web where all Work in Progress parties may upload
and download material. The BIM Models may be downloaded from Shared and used directly for
reference data in other BIM Models. See section 4.3 for more information about reference data.

Authorised
For the BIM Model to be uploadable to Published, the model must go through a checking,
review and approval process. The control must include:

 BIM Model technical QC

 Approval

Published
Once the BIM Model is Published, it will be released to the client.

Verified
When the client has approved the BIM Model, it is Verified.

Archive
For each version of the BIM Model uploaded to Shared and for each publication released to
Published, a version of the BIM Model will also be uploaded to Archive. Version and revision
numbers will be added as a suffix to the version name. (See section 4.4 for more details).

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3. BIM as CAD production basis
3.1 Template
MTH has created an AutoCAD Civil 3D template. The template has been made to ensure that all
material provided by MTH looks the same and to ease the lay-out process in AutoCAD Civil 3D.
The template name is AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt and can be downloaded from the
MTH website (mth.dk). The template will be updated continual to reflect the new version of
AutoCAD Civil 3D.

The template is originally from the NTI CAD Center where the US template was adjusted to
accommodate Danish measurements and language. At MTH, the template has been updated to
include MTH’s title block, layers from Det Digitale Anlæg (DDA), etc. The DDA layers are based
on industry standards which were published in the bips publication C201, Lagstruktur 2005
which has since been updated and extended on an ongoing basis by bentleyuser.dk. The layers
will automatically be used in styles including the word [DDA] at the end of the name. The layer
structure on the project must be as described in the ICT Performance Specification A102, part
4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). If
the project has no description of the layer structure, then use the DDA layers. The template is
set up for the ibb.stb plot style. Please note that it is .stb and not .ctb. Both the NTI CAD center
and bentleyuser.dk have approved the release of the template.

Templates have also been created for Plan Production with the MTH standard template. Plan
Production is an AutoCAD Civil 3D tool automating the process of publishing drawing files with
title blocks, etc. To use this functionality, the BIM model must include an Alignment. Plan
Production templates are also available for download from the MTH website, mth.dk. See
section 7.1 for more details.

3.2 Reference points

The reference points (at least two) given in the project must be used. Reference points are
important in the project to make sure that the project is positioned correctly. Reference points
must be stated in the project’s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design
(A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation).

3.3 Coordinate system/elevation systems

The coordinate/elevation system specified in the project will be used; this appears from the
project’s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital
projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). Unless otherwise indicated, choose the
DKTM and DVR90 systems for Denmark. Use Drawing Settings to select the coordinate and
elevation system in AutoCAD Civil 3D (see Figure 8 and Figure 9). Drawing Settings lists all
coordinate systems in the world; therefore select Denmark first and then the relevant
coordinate and elevation system. This is done to enable the transfer of the BIM Model to other
BIM tools.

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Figure 8: Drawing Settings in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Figure 9: Assigning coordinate system in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

3.4 Revision documentation

When working with BIM Models, you must use model blocks. If no model block has been
assigned by the client, the AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt template includes an MTH
standard model block. The model block is a block placed in model layout. The top part of the
model block describes what the BIM Model contains, who has created the model, etc. (see
Figure 10). The lower part of the model block contains the revision log, which shows the
changes made to the BIM Model since the latest release. The revision log shows the date, a
description of the changes and the names of the person responsible and those who have
checked and approved the changes (see Figure 10). In this way, the .dwg file itself provides an

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overview of the changes made to the BIM Model. The model block must always be placed in the
GOFF--- layer and close to reference point 1. The legend is to be filled in every time the BIM
Model is uploaded to Shared and every time the model is Published (see section 2.3).

Figure 10: MTH model block.

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4. Structuring BIM Models
4.1 Type models
In BIM Civil Works, different types of BIM Models are referenced into each other to minimise
very heavy BIM Models. Below follows a description of the different types of BIM Models and
how to use them. Figure 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the different types
of models. The text inside the boxes is copied from the Civil Works Addendum to the bips CAD
Manual 2008 (Anlægstillæg til bips CAD-manual 2008) with approval from Bentley Users
(bentleyusers.dk). The text is translated into English by MTH. The Addendum is available for
download on the Internet.

Basic discipline data

Basic discipline data are data which form the basis of one or more Basic discipline
models. Basic discipline data are numeric or alphanumeric information saved in one
or more files or databases. Basic discipline data may also include data on the
strength and geometry of the structure or the condition and use of an area.

All changes in geometry and tracing are made in basic discipline data.

The basic discipline-specific data may include:

 Point files
 Text files
 Cross section drawings

Basic discipline models

Basic discipline models in civil works and infrastructure projects are often based on basic
discipline data or prepared manually on the basis of the assumptions of the project.

A Basic discipline model from the road engineer may contain station line, road geometry,
contour lines, cross sections, markers, etc.

A Basic discipline model from the bridge engineer may contain bridge geometry,
reinforcement, etc.

A Basic discipline model from the geotechnical engineer may be a plan of the location of
drillings, longitudinal profiles showing drilling profiles along the alignment, etc. In this
model structure, Basic discipline models are generated directly from basic discipline data.

Data and plotting data are extracted from the Basic discipline model.

Exchange between disciplines.

Corresponding to the model file concept previously used, e.g. road geometry, staking out,
cable and sewer diagram, longitudinal profile, etc. forms the basis of the drawing
production of the discipline.

Basic discipline models may include:

 Corridors
 Grading
 Surfaces

Drawing files

Consist primarily of external references to Basic discipline models, framework, drawing

header and, if relevant, text and signature(s).

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Figure 11: Principle of drawing production in a file- and database-based model
structure. Source: Civil Works Addendum to the bips CAD Manual 2008. (Anlægstillæg
til bips CAD-manual 2008)

Shared
Collections of Basic discipline models which have been cleared, promoted and are ready for
release. Below follows a description of the procedure for the first release.

1. The AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt template is opened from the template

folder(see section 4.2) and saved under a new name (see section 4.4)
2. Insert reference points and fill in the legend (see section 3.1)
3. The relevant objects are Data Shortcut into the model and background files are xref’ed
(see section 4.3).
4. Objects from Data Shortcuts are promoted, and background files will become binded.
5. After completed quality control (QC), the BIM Model may now be uploaded to Shared.

Archive
Shared models are also uploaded to the Archive file. The BIM Models will be assigned a revision
and version number as a suffix to the file name (see section 4.4).

Common model

Gathering Basic discipline models in one file in the agreed exchange format.

Depending on the context and needs, it is possible to combine Basic discipline models in
several different common models.

Common models are used for interdisciplinary project review, communication, visualisation
and clash detection.

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The models can be joined in the BIM tool Navisworks Manage which also a tool to assure the
quality of the BIM Models. To read more about this, see Chapter 8.

As-built
As-built will mostly come directly from measurement/machine data or 3D laser scanning.

4.2 Folder structure

The AutoCAD Civil 3D folder structure is shown in Figure 12. Below follows a description of
which files are to be placed in which folders.

Figure 12: Folder structure.

 Archive
o Shared BIM Models with correct version and revision numbers (see section 2.3)
 As-built
o Data and BIM Models from surveying measurements made by a surveyor, 3D
laser scanning or machine control.
 Basic discipline data
o See section 4.1.
 CIVIL Corridors
o Files with one or more Corridors
o Surfaces from Corridors
o Cross sections of the Corridor
 CIVIL SHARED
o Files only containing Data Shortcuts of one or more Basic discipline models
 CIVIL Grading
o Files with one or more Gradings
o Surfaces from Gradings
o Cross sections of Gradings
 CIVIL Pipe Networks
o Files with one or more Pipe Networks
o Cross sections of Pipe Networks
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  CIVIL Profiles
o Alignment
o Profile (longitudinal profile) of Alignment and manually drawn profile lines
 CIVIL Surfaces
o Surfaces generated from 3D lines/Points/Meshes/3D faces etc.
 Digital plots
o Drawing files in .pdf or .dwf format
 Common model
o If relevant, Navisworks file (.nwd) of one or more Basic Discipline Models
 Reference
o CIVIL Data Shortcuts
 Folders for Data Shortcuts (They will be generated automatically when
Data Shortcuts are generated in AutoCAD Civil 3D, see section 4.3)
o External references
 Files used as references for BIM Models
 Shared
o Copy of the Shared folder on project web. The Model Secretary copies and
notifies the project team when new files are available.
 Drawing files
o All drawing files in original format (eg .dwg)
 Template
o AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt modified for the project:
 Coordinate system
 Model block
 Layers, if relevant
o Production Plans modified for the project. See section 7.1 for more details.
 Title block
 Scale
 Etc.

4.3 Reference systems

In AutoCAD Civil 3D there are two types of reference systems - an intelligent system with
limited use (Data Shortcut) and an unintelligent system with unlimited use (external reference,
x-ref).

Data Shortcut
Data Shortcut is the intelligent system with limited use. This system must be used where
possible. The limited use means that only specific object types can be used:
 Alignment
 Surfaces
 Pipe networks
 Pressure networks
 Corridors (new in AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017)
 View Frame Groups

Objects from Basic discipline data and Basic discipline models can be referenced into other
Basic discipline models as underlay and data for design. Here you can use – but not alter – data
and the intelligence from the referenced BIM objects. For example, a Data Shortcut of the
existing terrain can be used as the data and basis for road design.

If the object in the original file changes, the reference (Data Shortcut) will also change in the
files it has been shortcut into – and that makes it intelligent.

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Figure 13: The Data Shortcut function is found in Toolspace in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Below the Data Shortcut work flow is shown.

1. First the path used to create the Data Shortcut is selected (see Figure 14). The relevant
folder is Civil Data Shortcuts (see section 4.2).

Figure 14: Setting Working Folder in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

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 2. Then the Data Shortcuts can be divided into different disciplines by using the Data
Shortcuts Project Folder (see Figure 15). For large civil works and infrastructure
projects, it will make the project more manageable. The different folders could be
named:

o Earthworks
o Road project
o Drainage
o Cable plan
o Existing conditions

Figure 15: New Data Shortcuts Project Folder in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

3. In the BIM Model containing the desired objects to be linked to the Data Shortcuts, the
Data Shortcut references can now be created (see Figure 16). When using Data
Shortcuts, it is important that each object is given a unique name as Data Shortcuts
from different BIM Models will be placed in the same list of Data Shortcuts. Naming of
objects will be described in further detail in section 4.5.

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Figure 16: Creating Data Shortcut in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

External reference
External references are the unintelligent system with unlimited use, i .e. all object types can be
used here. External references are primarily used for the production of drawing files, but can
also be used as a basis for Basic discipline models such as a background map. In addition to
.dwg files, external references can also refer to images, .dwf, .dgn, .pdf and Point Clouds (see
Figure 17).

Figure 17: External reference in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

4.4 Naming of BIM Models

For naming of BIM Models, see the project’s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 2: Digital
communication (A102, del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). If
the specification does not contain requirements as to the naming of model files, use the current
bips standards. It is important that the same BIM Model has the same name for its entire life.
Otherwise, the connection to references is lost (see section 4.3).

Version and revision

When files are uploaded to the Shared folder or when files are released, they will be copied to
the Archive folder. The files in the Archive folder will be assigned a version and revision
numbers at the end of the file name. Version numbers are used when the BIM Model is
uploaded to Shared, and revision numbers are used on release (Published). See examples in
Appendix 1 - Example of Common Data Environment (CDE).

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4.5 Naming of objects
It is very important to have an identical naming structure on objects in AutoCAD Civil 3D, in
particular when using Data Shortcuts. When using the below naming procedure, you will get a
consistent naming system for all projects.

It is important that the same object has the same name throughout the life of the project. The
reason is that objects are referred into other BIM Models. When the object name is changed,
the linking to the original file will be cut (see section 4.3).

The naming procedure is only necessary for objects which are referred as Data Shortcut and
released. For the rest of the objects, it is sufficient to give them appropriate names.

In Appendix 4 - Naming of objects, the naming tables have been set up after each other. Print
it and keep it for future reference when working with the models.

Alignment
Alignment is an alignment object in AutoCAD Civil 3D. It is a 2D object describing the horizontal
course of an alignment. The Alignment object must be named according to the principle in
Figure 18.

Figure 18: Naming of Alignments.

Example of naming:

H_Pr_R_BRIDGE2_Test road
Horizontal_Project_Road_BRIDGE2_Test road

NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

Profile
Profile is the longitudinal profile of the Alignment. This is a 2D object describing the vertical
course of the Alignment. The Profile must be named according to the principle in Figure 19.

Figure 19: Naming of Profiles.

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Example of naming:

V_Pr_O_BRIDGE2_Test road
Vertical Alignment_Project_Road surface_BRIDGE2_Test road

NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

Assembly
An assembly is cross-section data along an Alignment such as a road or a railway. Assemblies
must be named according to the principle in Figure 20.

Figure 20: Naming of assemblies.

Example of naming:

A_Pr_R_0-20_Test road
Assembly_Project_Road_Stationing 0-20_Test road

NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

Corridor
A corridor is a 3D model containing Alignments, Profiles and Assemblies. Corridor models are
usually created for road or railway projects. Corridors must be named according to the principle
in Figure 21.

Figure 21: Naming of Corridors.

Example of naming:

C_Pr_R_0-20_Test road
Corridor_Project_Road_Stationing 0-20_Test road

NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

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Grading
Gradings are excavation/levelling/embankment construction objects where you draw a Feature
line and then add grading from the Feature line to a given Surface. Gradings must be named
according to the principle in Figure 22.

Figure 22: Naming of grading.

Example of naming:

G_Pr_V_Embankment2_Test embankment
Grading_Project_Embankment_Embankment2_Test embankment

NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

Surface
Surface is a surface model. It can be created from 3D lines, Points, 3D faces, etc. A Surface will
often be:

 Existing terrain
 Surfaces from Corridor
 Surfaces from Gradings
 From measured Points
 Pasted Surfaces (Two or more Surfaces combined in one Surface).

Surfaces must be named according to the principle in Figure 23.

Figure 23 Naming of Surfaces.

Example of naming:

S_Pr_C_P_0-20_Test road
Surface_Project_Surface from Corridor_Datum_Stationing 0-20_Test road

NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

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Point group
Points groups are filters that bundle together your Points into manageable pieces. The pieces
may be:

 Measured Points from the lower edge of a foundation

 Soil pile
 Pipeline excavations

Point groups must be named according to the principle in Figure 24.

Figure 24: Naming of Point groups.

Example of naming:

PG_I_J_40_Soil Pile1
Point Group_Measured Points_Soil pile_Stationing 40_Soil pile 1

NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

Pipe network
Pipe networks are the pipework in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Pipe networks contain standard pipes and
wells to all underground utility systems. Pipe networks must be named according to the
principle in Figure 25.

Figure 25: Naming of pipe network.

Example of naming:

N_Pr_S_BRIDGE1_Test bridge
Pipe network_Project_Waste Water_Bridge1_Test bridge

NB! The free text is optional. It is only used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

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4.6 Model list
To keep track of the BIM Models, a model list is generated for each project. The model list
includes the name, release date, revision and initials of creator, controller and approver of the
BIM Model. When using the model list, you gain an overview of all BIM Models and their status
(see section 3.4).

4.7 Levels of development

Levels of development for the digital deliverables are described in the ICT Performance
Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102,del 4: Digital projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk
CAD-specifikation). The levels of development are defined in the MTH Building Component
Catalogue with Levels of Development Specification (LOD), which is available at the MTH
website, mth.dk.

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5. Subscription tools
With a valid subscription, you can download the latest upgrades, add-ons, request flexible
license terms and obtain technical support from Autodesk. Autodesk offers additional
improvement tools which can be downloaded and used directly in AutoCAD Civil 3D. This
section describes some of the most important subscriptions for AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Installation of subscription tools

Before installing the subscription tools, you must close AutoCAD Civil 3D.

The subscription tools can be downloaded from the Autodesk Subscription Center. There is a
link to the Subscription Center (Product Enhancements) in the personal Autodesk Accounts (see
Figure 26).

Figure 26: Link to Subscription Center.

The subscription tools will now be added to the list and installed when you click the relevant
subscriptions (see Figure 27).

Figure 27: List of subscription tools.

After installation, you can open AutoCAD Civil 3D and see the selected subscriptions in
AutoCAD Civil 3D - some will even feature as a new tab (see Figure 28).

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Figure 28: New tab.

5.1 Geotechnical Module 2017

The Geotechnical Module 2017 (GM17) is an AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017 add-on created by
Keynetix for Autodesk and can be downloaded from the Subscription Center. With GM16, it is
possible to convert drilling samples (both digital and analogue) to intelligent 3D models for
planning, quantity takeoff, excavation, etc. By converting the drilling samples from 2D to 3D,
you can create a precise overview of handling of earthworks to ensure minimum waste and the
fewest possible moving operations.

Data for import

It is possible to use different types of file formats in GM17. In MTH, we use the .csv file format
(CSV separated by a semicolon).

Two .csv files with the following names will be generated:

1. Location Details.csv
2. Field Geological Descriptions.csv

The Location Details describe the different drilling sample locations. The Location Details must
contain columns showing:

- Location ID: Drilling sample name. It is important to also use the exact same name in
the Location Details.csv file, otherwise GM17 cannot compare the two .csv files
- Location Type: What type of test is it – geotechnical drilling, test pit, etc.
- Easting: X-coordinate with a comma before decimals
- Northing: Y-coordinate with a comma before decimals
- Ground Level: Level with a comma before decimals

Data must be written in the same field with a colon (:) as separator (see Figure 29).

Figure 29: Location Details.

The Field Geological Descriptions contains information on the different soil strata in the drilling
sample. The Field Geological Descriptions must contain columns showing the following data
(see Figure 30):

- Location ID: Drilling sample name. It is important to also use the exact same name in
the Location Details.csv file, otherwise GM17 cannot compare the two .csv files
- Depth Top: Top level of soil strata (Tip: Terrain level is always 0). A comma is inserted
before decimals
- Depth Base: Bottom level of soil strata. A comma is inserted before decimals

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 - Legend Code: A code describing the material of the soil strata. Based on the Legend
Code, GM17 specifies the type of strata. It is therefore important to use the Legend
Codes consistently so that the same soil strata are given the same code. See Figure 30
- Geology Code: Naming of a Legend Code (see Figure 30)
- Geology Code 2: N/A
- BGS Lexicon: N/A
- Description: A copy of a description from a drilling sample (see Figure 32)

Legend Code Geology Code Danish Description Colour

101 TOPSOIL Muld

201 CLAY Ler

203 Sandy CLAY Sandet ler

206 Bouldery CLAY Moræneler

301 SILT Silt

401 SAND Sand

402 Clayey SAND Leret sand

501 Gravel Grus

601 Peat Tørv

701 Cobbles Brosten

805 CHALK Kalk

806 COAL Kul

Figure 30: Legend and Geology Code.

Data must be written in the same field with a colon (:) as separator (see Figure 31).

Compared to the work involved in GM17, this work is the most time-consuming as it is only
possible to generate this file manually.

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Figure 31: Field Geological Descriptions.

Example of creation of drilling samples for the Field Geological Descriptions.csv file.
First open the drilling sample, which will often be sent as a .pdf file (see Figure 32). Figure 32
shows an example of a drilling sample from the interactive map available from the Geological
Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) showing various types of drilling sample . For more
details, see the section about the JUPITER drilling sample database below.

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Figure 32: Drilling sample example. Source: GEUS drilling sample database.

First line of Figure 32 will be:

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Figure 33: First line of Figure 27. Source: GEUS drilling sample database.

Second line of Figure 32 will be:

Figure 34: Second line of Figure 27. Source: GEUS drilling sample database.

The same principle will apply to the next soil strata in Figure 32.

If it is possible to receive data on the drilling samples digitally, it will make the creation of the
Field Geological Descriptions.csv file easier.

The JUPITER drilling sample database

If work is being carried out on the project without any drilling samples being made, older
drilling samples are available from the JUPITER drilling sample database of GEUS. The drilling
sample database contains different types of drilling samples. The geotechnical drilling samples
are marked orange (see Figure 35). By marking these drilling samples, you will be given
information on drilling date, coordinate, level and drilling sample as shown in Figure 32. The
JUPITER drilling sample database is available at the GEUS website – www.geus.dk.

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Figure 35: JUPITER drilling sample database. Source: GEUS drilling sample database.

Functions
First connect to the database Geotechnical Module, which is part of the installation. You will
connect to the Geotechnical Module by clicking Connect under Data Management (see Figure
36). You can also connect to common databases to enable other AutoCAD Civil 3D users to use
the same data.

Figure 36: Connecting to database in GM17.

Then click Login (see Figure 37).

Figure 37: Logging in to GM17.

A new project is created by clicking Create (see Figure 38).

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Figure 38: Creating a project by clicking Create.

As a minimum, you must fill in Project ID, Name, Status and Category, setting Status as Open
and Category as Default (see Figure 39).

Figure 39: Filling in project details.

Then open the project (see Figure 40).

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Figure 40: Opening project.

Now the two .csv files, prepared earlier in this section will be imported. They are imported by
clicking Import (see Figure 41).

Figure 41: Importing files.

First select CSV under File Format and Colon (:) under Delimiter (see Figure 42). Then click Add
and select the two .csv files. Finally, click Next.

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Figure 42: Importing .csv files.

The next window will show any problems with the .csv files (see Figure 43). Here it will be
indicated if a colon or the like is missing in one of the .csv files. If it says Valid opposite both
.csv files, there are no errors and you can click Next (see Figure 43).

Figure 43: File checking .csv files.

Then you click Next a couple of times and then Final.

Tip: By clicking the TOP icon, the image will zoom in on the drilling samples (see Figure 44).

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Figure 44: Clicking TOP to zoom in on drilling samples.

Figure 45: Locations.

Under Locations (see Figure 45) all drilling samples will be shown with coordinates (see Figure
46). Here it is also possible to close the samples in different views. By turning on Strip, legends
are shown for each drilling sample (see Figure 47).

Figure 46: Locations showing all drilling samples with coordinates.

Figure 47: Strip showing elevations for each drilling sample.

Under the function Strata, surfaces are generated between the strata of the drilling samples.
NB! It is therefore important to use the same Legend Codes in the .csv files.

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Figure 48: Strata.

By highlighting Top on the list of the different strata from the .csv files, you will automatically
generate an intelligent AutoCAD Civil 3D Surface of the top stratum (see Figure 49). Similarly,
by highlighting Base, you will generate an intelligent Surface of the base stratum is generated
(see Figure 49). Intelligent means that the Surface will change geometry automatically when
data is updated and that the Surfaces can be used for quantity takeoffs, etc.

Figure 49: Strata where Surfaces are generated.

The strata now appear both in the model (see Figure 50) and in Toolspace (see Figure 51). Tip:
Show the model using Visual Style – Shape for a good overview.

Figure 50: Surfaces in the model.

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Figure 51: Toolspace in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Now it is not only possible to use the Surfaces for quantity takeoffs and planning, but also to
extract Profiles of multiple Alignments. To do this, click Create under Profile (see Figure 52).

Figure 52: Create, here Profiles are being generated.

First an Alignment is generated by clicking Create Alignment and drawing the desired alignment
(see Figure 53). Tip: The easiest way to do this is in Top View with 2D Viewframe as Visual
Style.

Figure 53: Create Alignment, here an Alignment is drawn in the model.

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Then select the Surfaces to form part of the longitudinal profile (see Figure 53), and finally click
Next. In the next window, click Finish, and then select the place in the drawing where you wish
to insert the Profile.

Figure 54: Profile.

It is now possible to change the appearance of the Profile by giving the strata different colours,
etc. (see Figure 54).

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6. BIM Models on the construction site
When starting up on-site BIM on civil works and infrastructure projects, it is important to get in
place several factors as early in the process as possible. Below follows a description of some of
these factors.

6.1 Fix points

Before starting up construction sites, one of the most important factors is the positioning of the
building in digital space, but this is also the factor that involves most problems. First, it is
important to create a large and wide net of fix points, i.e. a system with many points spread
out in the area both in the x and y plane, but indeed also in the datum. This net of fix points is
to help surveyors and machine operators to be sure that they work on the basis of correct field
positions. The net of fix points is ordered by a firm of surveyors. In MTH, we use LE34.

6.2 Site model

As early in the project process as possible, a site model must be started up in a Design tool or
a Preliminary project tool. First, enter all existing conditions such as terrain, existing buildings
and any existing pipes and cables. The site model will be extended as and when new
information and data are available. Before cranes, site accommodation etc. can be positioned in
the site model, it is important to know the correct positions of structures, excavations, etc.

6.3 Excavation
Excavation models are generated in AutoCAD Civil 3D. Excavation models are Surfaces which
can be used to generate quantity take-offs and cross sections. The Surfaces can also be used
directly for machine control and surveying (see 9.1 for more details). The excavation model
adds great value to the projects. An excavation model will provide:

 More accurate excavations using machine control

 More accurate quantities
 Option to analyse earth moving operations
 Detection of clashes with structures

Excavations are used for structures, Corridors (roads/railways), pipework, etc. See below for
more details.

Excavation for structures

Excavations for structures will usually be excavation for foundations and pits. Here the BIM
Model for the foundations will be added as an external reference in AutoCAD Civil 3D (see
section7.3). Based on the external reference, Feature lines are drawn along the bottom of the
foundations. These Feature lines can then be offset at the distance desired from slope foot to
the edge of the foundation. By using the Grading function, you can now create a slope with the
desired grading to the terrain surface (see Figure 55).

Figure 55: Excavation for structures.

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Excavation for Corridors
A Corridor is usually a road or railway model. A Corridor is a 3D object containing the 2D
objects Alignment, Profile and Assembly. When a Corridor is created, you can draw Surfaces
from the different layers in the structure of the Assembly. Here it is also possible to draw a
Surface from the datum line, i.e. the bottom of the Corridor which is used as excavation model
(see Figure 56).

Figure 56: Excavation for Corridor.

Excavation for pipes

Excavation for pipes will be described in further detail in the next edition of the BIM Manual
Civil Works and Infrastructure.

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7. Data extracts from BIM Models
7.1 Drawing production
AutoCAD Civil 3D offers several tools to automatically extract 2D drawings from BIM Models.
You can access these tools from the Output tab > Plan Production panel. The methods are used
to extract several drawings from a BIM Model at one go.

MTH has created different MTH Plan Production templates which are available for download at
MTH’s website (mth.dk). The MTH standard drawing header is contained in all MTH Plan
Production templates. All MTH Plan Production templates are copied to the internal drive (see
section 4.2) and modified for the current project where:

 The drawing header is filled in

 Legends are inserted
 New tabs are made with other scales, drawing formats or drawing headers
 Etc.

In this way, you create a MTH Plan Production template for each BIM Model, and the templates
are given the same name as the BIM Model.

Plan View
In Plan view a section is drawn horizontally from a given scale. If the project does not fit into
one drawing, AutoCAD Civil 3D automatically divides the project into several part drawings.
Figure 57 shows an example of an automatically generated plan of a road.

Figure 57: Plan View from Plan Production.

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How to create a Plan View:

1. Begin by clicking Create View Frames under Output and Plan Production (Figure 58).

Figure 58: Creating View Frames.

2. Choose Plan Only and the MTH_AutoCAD Civil 3D A1 Plan_DK.dwt template or the
MTH_AutoCAD Civil 3D A3 Plan_DK.dwt template depending on whether you work in
drawing format A3 or A1 (see Figure 59).

3. Remember to modify all templates in advance, and give them the same name as the
BIM Model (see section 7.1).

Figure 59: Creating View Frames – Sheets.

Plan and Profile

In Plan and Profile you draw a section horizontally and vertically on top of each other from a
given scale. If the project does not fit into one drawing, AutoCAD Civil 3D automatically divides
the project into several part drawings. Figure 60 shows an example of an automatically
generated Plan and Profile of a road.

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Figure 60: Plan and Profile.

How to create a Plan and Profile:

1. Begin by clicking Create View Frames under Output and Plan Production (see Figure
58).

2. Choose Plan and Profile and the MTH_AutoCAD Civil 3D A1 Plan+Profil_DK.dwt

template (see Figure 61).

3. Remember to modify all templates in advance, and give them the same name as the
BIM Model (see section 7.1).

Figure 61: Creating View Frames – Sheets.

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Section Sheets
To automatically extract Section Sheets, it is necessary to create a Sample Line Group and
produce Section Views in the BIM Model (see Figure 62).

NB! It is also possible to show quantity tables together with assemblies (see section 7.2).

Figure 62: Section Sheets.

How to create a Section Sheet:

1. Start by clicking Create Section Sheets under Output and Plan Production (see Figure
63).

Figure 63: Creating Section Sheets.

2. Then choose Alignment, Sample Line Group and Section View Group (see Figure 64).

Figure 64: Creating Section Sheets.

7.2 Quantity takeoffs

It is possible to perform AutoCAD Civil 3D quantity takeoffs in several ways. In this section, we
will describe the most common methods.

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Before the quantity takeoffs, it is important to decide on the bills of quantities as you need to
be able to compare the quantities with the bills of quantities to monitor the economic
development on the project.

The project contract generally also contains provisions on how often to perform quantity
takeoffs.

Volume Dashboard
The Volume Dashboard provides the exact quantity based on the project created. The quantity
takes the entire elevation difference between two Surfaces, cut & fill. The quantity itself will be
given as a Surface (TIN Volume Surface) based on level 0. The naming of this quantity TIN
Volume Surface must be based on Figure 65.

Figure 65: Naming of quantities.

Example of naming:

M_Pr_C_P_0-20_Test road
Quantity_Project_Quantity from Corridor_Datum_Station 0-20_Test road

NB! The free text is optional, but is used if there is a need for extra information in the name.

Compute Materials
Under Quantity takeoff criteria (see Figure 66) you can choose between different types of
quantity takeoffs.

- 4 layers refer to the structure of the Corridor.

- Cut & Fill (Volume) refers to whole excavation and filling quantities.

Figure 66: Computing materials.

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For Compute Materials, you can use different calculation methods (see Figure 66).

- Average End Area

- Prismoidal
- Composite Volume

Figure 67: Volume calculation methods.

The Average End Area method:

The Average End Area method calculates volumes by adding the area of a material type at one
station to the area of the material type at the next station and dividing the sum by two, then
multiplying the result by the distance between the sections (see Equation 1). With this method,
the volumes become increasingly precise the shorter the distance between the cross sections.

Equation 1: Average End Area.

The Prismoidal method:

The Prismoidal method is similar to the Average End Area method, but uses an additional cross
section at the middle of the two successive stations (see Equation 2).

Equation 2: Prismoidal.

Composite Volume:
To calculate composite volumes, AutoCAD Civil 3D creates polygons between sample lines and
then computes the bounded volumes of those polygons as in Volume Dashboard with the
polygons as limitations (see Figure 68).

Figure 68: The Composite method.

After having created one of the three Compute Materials, you can either print a table with the
volumes per cross section (see Figure 69), or you can attach a volume report to each cross
section (see Figure 70).
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Figure 69: Volume Report.

Figure 70: Section View with Volume Report.

7.3 Export from Revit to AutoCAD Civil 3D

If you wish to base your work in AutoCAD Civil 3D on a Revit model, you can export the Revit
model to a .dwg file. In the export box (see Figure 71), tick Meter and Shared to place the
Revit model correctly in the coordinate system and the meter system used in AutoCAD Civil 3D.
NB! This is only possible if the coordinate system basis used for the Revit model is Shared.

Figure 71: Export from Revit to .dwg.

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8. Quality control of BIM Models
Quality control (QC) of BIM Models is a very important pre-release procedure. This procedure is
often given low priority. Below, we describe why quality control is an important and natural part
of the modeling process.

Section 2.3 on Common Data Environment (CDE) describes three procedures for quality control
of BIM Models:

 Approved
 Authorised
 Verified

The three QC procedures involve different approaches to control quality as described in this
chapter. See examples of these quality control procedures in Appendix 3  Example of QC of
BIM Models.

8.1 Approved
The Approved procedure is the most comprehensive of the three procedures. With the
Approved procedure, the BIM Model goes from Work in Progress to Shared.

There are four separate QC methods for BIM Models in Approved:

 Self-checking
 BIM Model technical QC
 Design Engineer QC
 Approval

Documentation for the BIM Model technical QC, Design Engineer QC and Approval processes is
required, whereas Self-checking is merely intended as a help to ensure that the BIM Models
are as good as possible before QC. The documentation will be saved to allow you to go back
and make sure that the QC method was completed and by whom, when, etc.

For a description of the different roles in the QC methods, see section 2.1.

Self-checking
Self-checking is the control of own work. Many already regard this process as a natural step
before passing the project on to another party. As previously mentioned, documentation for
self-checking is not required.

BIM Model technical QC

BIM Model technical QC is performed by the BIM Coordinator or another BIM employee. BIM
Model technical QC is based on the document BIM-model technical QC.xlsx (see Figure 72). The
document should be seen as a checklist ensuring that all elements are included in the BIM
Model and as a clash and consistency detection tool in relation to other BIM Models on the
project. For each BIM Model, each item on the checklist must be checked off to determine
whether it is:

 Yes, perfect
 Yes, but not 100%
 No

When all items on the checklist have been checked off and the document is signed by the BIM
Coordinator, including name and date, it will be passed on to the Designer. The Designer will
rectify the items ticked off as Yes, but not 100% and No. When the Designer has rectified the
BIM Model, the process will start all over again. When all items have been ticked off as Yes,
perfect, the document will be passed on to the Approver.
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An important part of BIM Model technical QC is clash detection (se item 5.0 of Figure 72).The
ICT Agreement describes how and how often clash detection is to be performed.

No, does not comply

Yes, but not 100%

Not applicable
Yes, perfect
Comments

1.0 Files
1.1 File format
1.1.1 - The model was received in original file format
1.1.2 - The model was received in LandXML
1.1.3 - The model was received as a viewer file
1.2 The model received is in the agreed format
1.3 A file naming structure has been complied with

2.0 Coordination
2.1 Shared reference points have been used (ICT
Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital
design)
2.2 A common coordinate system has been used
(ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4:
Digital design)
2.3 The model block has been filled in, see section
3.4 in BIM Manual Civil Works and
Infrastructure
2.4 The objects are named according to section 4.5
of the BIM Manual civil works and infrastructure
2.5 Is the layer structure correct?

3.0 Modelling technique

3.1 Break lines and Surfaces are aligned
3.2 Have the reference systems been used (section
4.3 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and
Infrastructure)
3.3 Is the model consistent
3.4 Objects do not overlap
3.5 No objects are missing

4.0 Contents
4.1 The model contains the expected objects
4.2 The model seems to be complete and adequate

5.0 Clash detection

5.1 There are no clashes in the model
5.2 There are no clashes with the drainage model
5.3 There are no clashes with the construction
model
5.4 There are no clashes with the excavation model
5.5 There are no clashes with the road/railway
model
5.6 There are no clashes with the finished terrain

6.0 Take-off
6.1 2D drawings are a take-off from the model?
(section 6.1 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and
Infrastructure)
6.2 Are quantities a take-off from the model?
(section 6.2 of the BIM Manual Civil Works and
Infrastructure)

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 Not even close
Some effort
required
Yes

No
7.0 Can the model be used for …
7.1 Design review
7.2 Clash detection
7.3 Quantity take-off
7.4 Visualisation of construction programme
7.5 Visualisation of the construction project and
structural parts
7.6 Machine control
7.7 Surveying
7.8 Production planning where time schedule is coupled
with 3D model
7.9 Financial planning where time schedule and
finances are coupled with 3D model
Figure 72: BIM Model technical QC list.

Design Engineer QC
In QCs of non-BIM Model technical aspects such as modeling technique and clash detection, the
Design Engineer must check geometry, joints, etc. These types of QC can be performed in two
ways:

 QC of 2D drawings
 QC of BIM Models

QC of 2D drawings
The method is a traditional QC where the Designer extracts 2D views from the BIM Model. The
extracts must be made as Plan Production (see section 7.1) with Plan, Profile and Assembly and
as 3D views of the BIM Model. The drawings will be handed over to the Design Engineer in hard
copy, who will then comment on the drawings in the old-fashioned way using different colours.
This process will continue until the Design Engineer is satisfied with the BIM Model.

QC of BIM Models
In this method, the Designer makes a QC Navisworks.nwd file for the Design Engineer, who
performs the control. This file can be opened in Navisworks Simulate. The Design Engineer can
navigate, but not change the geometry in Navisworks Simulate. In addition, the Design
Engineer can show/hide layers, make sections and write comments on specific aspects of the
BIM Model for the Designer. The Navisworks file will then be returned to the Designer, who can
now adjust the BIM Model according to the Design Engineer’s comments. The process continues
in the same Navisworks file until the Design Engineer is satisfied with the BIM Model as it is
possible to change the status of the comments from New to Active, Approved or Resolved. The
Navisworks file will be saved as documentation of the quality control work. See examples in
Appendix 3  Example of QC of BIM Models.

Approval
When the three first items of the Approved procedure (Self-checking, BIM Model technical QC
and Design Engineer QC) have been completed, the BIM Model is to be approved. This process
is handled by a project or design manager.

Page 52 of 57
8.2 Authorised
The Authorised procedure is less comprehensive than the Approved procedure. In the
Authorised procedure, the BIM Model goes from Shared to Published.

The Authorised procedure only involves two separate QC methods:

 BIM Model technical QC (see section 8.1)
 Approval (see section 8.1)

The Design Engineer is not a necessity in this process as the geometry of the BIM Model has
not changed since the Approved process.

8.3 Verified
The Verified process comes after Published. Here the BIM Model will be approved by the person
requesting the model – in most cases, the client.

Page 53 of 57
9. Exchange
9.1 Machine control and surveying
Machine control and surveying are still a relatively new process for “non-surveyors” in MTH.
The area is currently changing rapidly. Machine control and surveying are based on Leica's
iCON system. This system accepts the following files:

 .trm (terrain model from iCON office)

 .geo (line file from iCON office)
 .lok (coordinate system from iCON office)
 .dxf
 LandXML

Excavation
Machine control files for excavation are created in iCON office. This program requires a licence.
The machine needs both .trm and .geo files as the two files together provide a good overview
of the project. .trm files show the surface and .geo files show where the break lines of the
surface are located. The loading of break lines into the machine makes it easier for the machine
operator to see where the surface gradient changes. .trm and .geo files can also be loaded into
the controller using a total station or a rover so as to allow the project team to check the work
while it is being done.

Construction
Revit, Tekla and other design files can be loaded into the controller on the total station/rover
using the .dxf format. The .dxf files can be loaded as background maps and as reference data.
If used as a background map, the file will be a "dead" object in the background of the
controller. If the file is used as reference data, you will be able to "snap" lines and Points and
thereby set out foundations etc.

Pipework
When modeling pipe networks in AutoCAD Civil 3D, it is important to create a Feature line at
the bottom of all pipes. It is this Feature line that will be used in the controller in the field. The
reason why only Feature lines are being used here is to feed as little data as possible into the
controller to minimise "noise". Instead it is possible to add labels to features lines describing
pipes and wells. The labels must as a minimum include the following information:

Pipe/wire:
 Pipe/cable name/material
 Pipe/cable dimensions
 Gradient per thousand
 Gradient/direction arrow

Well:
 Well name/material
 Well dimensions
 Level of inlet (It may also stand on pipe inlets)
 Level of outlet (It may also stand on pipe outlets)
 Bottom level of well
 Level of cover of well

When using the AutoCAD Civil 3D 2017_DK_DDA.dwt template (see section 3.1), use the
Standard [DDA] labels style to include the above information as labels in the Pipe network
model.

Page 54 of 57
9.2 Formats
The next sub-sections describe the file formats that can be sent from AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Original file (.dwg)

The original file contains all intelligent AutoCAD Civil 3D objects and related reference data,
both External References and Data Shortcuts (see section 4.3).

Exported (.dwg/.dxf)
The .dwg and .dxf formats are exported versions of the original file for AutoCAD Civil 3D. In
connection with the export, all referenced files will become part of the BIM Model. However, all
object will be Exploded to dead Polylines. But the Polylines will keep the layer structure from
the objects. In exported files, the letters ACAD_ will be added as a prefix to the file name.

LandXML
LandXML is a special format created for the exchange of civil works and infrastructure models.
The LandXML format is particularly good as the objects do not lose intelligence during the
export/import process, i.e. the objects remain objects with all the property data they contain.
The following types of objects can be exported to LandXML:

 Points
 Alignments
 Surfaces
 Pipe networks
 Sites
 Corridors

Tip: When BIM Models are exchanged with the LandXML format, the layer structure will not be
transferred

Text files (.txt)

A .txt file is a text file containing Points. When modeling Points, you can export them to a list in
a .txt file.

Digital plot
In AutoCAD Civil 3D it is possible to create both .pdf and .dwf files. The format depends on the
project’s ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design (A102, del 4: Digital
projektering, tidligere IKT-teknisk CAD-specifikation). See also section 6.1 on drawing
production.

.ifc
As a new feature, AutoCAD Civil 3D can now export to .ifc.

Page 55 of 57
10. Lists
10.1 List of abbreviations
BIM Building Information Model

CDE Common Data Environment

DDA Det Digitale Anlæg (The digital civil works) is

a project cooperation between the danish
Vejdirektoratet, BaneDanmark, FRI, Femern
A/S and Danske Anlægsentreprenører.
(detdigitaleanlæg.dk)

DKTM Danish Coordinate System

DVR90 Danish elevation system

GEUS The Geological Survey of Denmark and

Greenland

GM17 Geotechnical Module 2017

ICT Information and Communication Technology

MTH MT Højgaard A/S

QC Quality control

X-ref External references used as underlay in

AutoCAD Civil 3D.

10.2 List of formats

.dgn Microstation format

.dwf Digital plot from Autodesk

.dwg AutoCAD format

.geo Line file from iCON

.ifc Exchange format for building projects

.landXML Exchange format for civil works and

infrastructure projects

.lok Location file from iCON

.nwd Navisworks Freedom format

.pdf Digital plot from Adobe

.trm Terrain file from iCON

.txt Text file

Page 56 of 57
10.3 List of Softwares
AutoCAD Civil 3D AutoCAD Civil 3D is a BIM design tool for civil
works and infrastructure projects, where from
quantities and drawings can be extracted.

CityEngine CityEngine is a visualisation tool for city

planning, architecture and design.

DynaRoads DynaRoads is a planning tool to lineare civil

works and infrastructure projects.

iCON Office In iCON Office the BIM Models are prepared

for surveying and machine control

InfraWorks (360) InfraWorks is a visualisation tool for city

planning, architecture and design.

Microstation Inroads Microstation Inroads is a BIM design tool for

civil works and infrastructure projects, where
from quantities and drawings can be
extracted.

Navisworks In Navisworks various models are compared

at the same time. The programme works well
for QC and planning

Revit Revit is a BIM design tool for building

projects, where from quantities and drawings
can be extracted

11. Appendices
11.1 Appendix 1 Effective Data Flow
11.2 Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE)
11.3 Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Models
11.4 Appendix 4 Naming of objects

Page 57 of 57
BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure December 2016/LOSK
Appendix 1 Effective Data Flow +45 22709597
losk@mth.dk

The effective data flow diagram is a description of the effective BIM collaboration and thus
synergies arising from MT Højgaard’s (MTH) insight and competencies, choice of software
program and processes when using BIM on civil works and infrastructure projects.

The effective data flow, Figure 1, describes how data can be transferred effectively, using BIM
throughout the civil engineering process, and contains several work processes with a choice of
programs/formats. They will be described further in this Appendix. The effective data flow
supports effective BIM collaboration on projects if the right tools and skills are available and
can be used for all types of civil works and infrastructure projects such as roads, railways,
bridges, tunnels and land developments.

Figure 1: The effective data flow.

MT Højgaard A/S
Knud Højgaards Vej 9
2860 Søborg

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mth.dk

CVR 12562233
Two modelling tools Figure 1 the top of Figure 1, InfraWorks and AutoCAD Civil 3D, and the
options for further processing of the BIM models in other programs are visualised at the bottom
of Figure 1. The arrows between the programs indicate the direction and sequence of the data
flow. An active interaction in all phases of the project adds great value as the software
programs offer entirely different tools and information is transferred without loss of data. To
read more about this, see Processes in section a. AutoCAD Civil 3D to InfraWorks and vice
versa.

The software programs and the work processes in Figure 1 are numbered and subsequently
described. Numbers denote tools/programs, and letters denote processes. The description of
each work process includes an example of a work process. The example is based on a new
fictive road section with a bridge crossing the road.

The InfraWorks and AutoCAD Civil 3D programs are the cornerstone of MTH’s selection of
software programs. These two programs are both intelligent and dynamic in their interaction.

Tools/programs
1. Preliminary project tool
The InfraWorks program is used as a Preliminary project tool to create conceptual designs of
different solutions and to present processes and solutions. The program supports the design
and visualisation processes in AutoCAD Civil 3D. InfraWorks comes with the same AutoDesk
Design suite as AutoCAD Civil 3D.

It is possible to extract data on existing conditions (terrain, orthophotos, buildings, drain grat-
ings and roads) from the website of the Danish Geodata Agency (Geodatastyrelsen) into the
program. The process of exchanging files between AutoCAD Civil 3D and InfraWorks is very dy-
namic (see section a) which means that objects designed in AutoCAD Civil 3D can become part
of the InfraWorks model and vice versa. The InfraWorks model can be exported to the .fbx file
format which is recognizable by Navisworks, and in that way, the model can be used by all pro-
ject parties using the Navision Freedom viewer software (see Figure 2).

Figure 2: .fbx export in Navisworks.

In InfraWorks it is also possible to make analyses of BIM models such as roadway curves, anal-
yses of visibility from cars, profile optimisation and shade conditions. When buying the extend-
ed version of InfraWorks called InfraWorks 360, you also buy in the road, bridge and drainage
design modules.

2. Design tool
AutoCAD Civil 3D is used as a design tool for civil works and infrastructure projects. The soft-
ware can design and optimise alignments, profiles, road constructions, excavations, levelling,
etc. The software program can automatically generate quantity takeoffs, cross sections, plan
and profile views so that drawing production will constitute only a small part of the overall de-

Page 2 of 9
tailing process, see Chapter 7 of the BIM Manual for roads and earthworks. The software is also
part of the Autodesk Design Suite Infrastructure which also contains:

 AutoCAD. All general AutoCAD functions

 AutoCAD Map 3D. This is the GIS function in AutoCAD Civil 3D. This tool can be used to
enter and analyse various land surveying formats, such as terrain models and ortho-
photos from the Danish Geodata Agency (Geodatastyrelsen)
 Storm and Sanitary analysis. This is an analysis product for Pipe networks in AutoCAD
Civil 3D. This tool can be used to check whether the capacity of rainwater pipes is large
enough considering rainfall intensity.
 AutoCAD Raster Design. A program which can convert images to . dwg vector objects.
 ReCap reads measured data (laser scans) and converts it to .rcs or .rcp files which can
be opened directly in AutoCAD Civil 3D, InfraWorks, Revit, etc.
 Navisworks Simulate collects all models
 InfraWorks

3. Production planning
Production planning represents a wider range of BIM initiatives for the planning of projects and
processes, e.g.:

 Site model (InfraWorks, Revit)

 4D (Navisworks)
 Visualisation of critical processes/building components (Navisworks)
 Materials and logistics optimisation (Dynaroads)

By planning the construction activities and processes from start to finish already in the design
phase, most challenges are taken into account before the execution of the works. This will for
instance minimise unforeseen costs and production stoppage and reduce fuel consumption and
CO2 emissions – and ultimately shorten construction time.

4. BIM detailed project planning

The BIM detailed project plan is created in AutoCAD Civil 3D, Tekla or Revit. The sketch models
in InfraWorks can be exported to the programs mentioned above. This creates synergies be-
tween the programs and ensures that the geometry of the sketch project is identical to the ge-
ometry of the detailed project, thereby making sure that all project parties use the same ge-
ometry. And a better coordinated design is achieved.

5. Earth optimisation
Dynaroads is used for the detailed planning of earth logistics. Dynaroads is a state-of-the-art
tool designed specifically for the planning and management of large linear infrastructure pro-
jects such as roads and railways. The software program consists of three coherent functions:
mass-haul optimisation, scheduling and an interactive map.

The mass-haul optimisation module creates cut-fill analyses based on actual quantities and cal-
culated haul distances. As a result, the software program delivers valid data for quotations and
production based on calculations rather than estimates. The scheduling module provides a loca-
tion-based schedule which can be planned directly in map view, enabling planning and visuali-
sation of logistics and other complex elements as well as traffic arrangements. Dynaroads dif-
fers from other similar software tools by chaining the modules described together to ensure
consistency between map view, schedule and mass haul at all times.

Moreover, Dynaroads can be used throughout the project process from design to handover as
the tool covers both planning and production. Therefore, there is no need to convert data be-
tween different software programs, and that eliminates the risk of losing large parts of relevant
information in a phase shift.

Page 3 of 9
Dynaroads is also used to optimise earth logistics to minimise haul distances and intermediate
landfilling, thereby reducing resource use. Dynaroads uses calculated quantities from the Auto-
CAD Civil 3D models embedded in the geotechnical surveys of soil conditions. In this way, all
excavated material is defined as top soil, recyclable soil, non-recyclable soil, moist soil, chalk,
etc. The built-in areas are also defined in relation to whether there must be room for top soil,
recyclable soil, non-recyclable soil, moist soil, chalk, etc.

The project schedule is entered in Dynaroads to allow the software program to consider when
and in what areas excavation is being carried out and when it is time to deliver soil to the built-
in areas. Dynaroads considers all conditions relating to soil type and execution order and can
calculate the most optimum mass-haul logistics for projects. Dynaroads can also visualise activ-
ities in the areas. It is used in both small compact areas with many activities to be coordinated
and in the overall plan to visualise main activities over large distances. The visualisation is a
powerful tool to inform and instruct construction team in the field on the planned progress of
the project.

6. Machine control and surveying

Machine control and surveying are performed in Leicas iCON geo system. BIM models from
Revit, Tekla and AutoCAD Civil 3D can be inserted in the tablet/controller, and these models
are used as a basis for all earthworks and plotting of various functions. The work performed
can also be measured automatically for control and as-built documentation.

Processes
a. Preliminary project tool to Design tool and vice versa
An entirely new file format has been developed for the interaction between AutoCAD Civil 3D
and InfraWorks – the .imx format. The two software tools can both import and export the .imx
format which ensures that the intelligent objects in both tools do not lose information during
the conversion.The .imx format can contain Surfaces, Alignments and Profiles, i.e. ordinary Au-
toCAD Civil 3D objects (except for Corridors).

Example of dataflow from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D:

Sketch project of a new road system created in InfraWorks on the basis of existing conditions
retrieved from the website of the Danish Geodata Agency (Geodatastyrelsen),see Figure 3. Sur-
faces, Alignments and Profiles are exported to .imx and imported in AutoCAD Civil 3D. The im-
port is shown in Figure 4 where the green surface is the existing terrain and the red surface is
the new road system. The red line below the surfaces is the alignment. In AutoCAD Civil 3D, it
is possible to work further on the model or extract information such as quantities (see Figure
5), sections, 2D drawings, etc).

Figure 3: Sketch project of new road system in InfraWorks.

Page 4 of 9
Figure 4: Exported .imx file in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Figure 5: Quantity take off directly from information in the .imx file.

From AutoCAD Civil 3D to InfraWorks:

Road model (Corridor with surface, see Figure 6) is exported to .imx and imported into Infra-
Works, which already shows existing conditions such as terrain, orthophotos and the building.
After this, it is possible to create visualisations for presentation (see Figure 7), site models, vis-
ibility analyses (see Figure 8), sun/shade analyses, profile optimisations (see Figure 9), etc.

Figure 6: Road model in AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Figure 7: Visualisation of road model in InfraWorks.

Figure 8: Sight Distance analysis in InfraWorks.

Figure 9: Profile optimisation in InfraWorks.

Page 5 of 9
b. From Preliminary project tool and Design tool to Production planning
Production planning is a broad concept when speaking about software tools and processes. In
this document, we use:

b1 Site model (Revit, InfraWorks)

b2 Visualisation of critical processes/building components (InfraWorks)
b3 Materials and logistics optimisation (Dynaroad)

b1 Site model (Revit, InfraWorks)

Site models are made using building site objects (e.g. cranes, containers, signs, etc.) in Revit
or InfraWorks. The site model gives a good view of the construction site and can be updated as
the project progresses.

Figure 10 and 11 show the development of a site model with a crossing bridge. The model in-
cludes a crane, areas for site accommodation and materials stock (red and green area), interim
road and vehicles.

Figure 10: Site model from InfraWorks, phase 1.

Page 6 of 9
Figure 11: Site model from InfraWorks, phase 2.

b2 Visualisation of critical processes/building components (InfraWorks)

InfraWorks is used for visualisation of critical processes, e.g. crane lifts, fencing, interim
measures, health and safety and scaffolds. It can also be useful to visualise carriage roads etc.
if there is little space around the site. Visualisations make it possible to think the critical pro-
cess/building component through and to find a useful and tested solution.

b3. Materials and logistics optimisation (Dynaroad)

Dynaroads is used for materials and logistics optimisation. For more information, please see
section d below.

c. From Preliminary project tool and Design tool to BIM detailed projevt planning
Several different software tools can be used for the BIM detailed project planning (see section
0). Surfaces, Alignments and Profiles are exported using the .imx file format. The rest of the
objects are imported/exported using .fbx, .dwg or .LandXML. Below are examples of the de-
tailed project planning from InfraWorks.

Example of export of .imx from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D:

The .imx file contains surfaces, alignments and profiles. The objects are intelligent, which
means that they contain the same information from the InfraWorks model. To read more about
this, see section a.

Figure 12: Export from InfraWorks to .imx.

Page 7 of 9
Example of export of .fbx from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D, Revit and Tekla:
Export using .fbx gives Mesh objects (i.e. surface objects). These objects can be imported into
AutoCAD Civil 3D, Revit and Tekla. And creates the outer geometry of the bridge to be devel-
oped further in the different tools (see examples in Figure 13 to Figure 15).

Figure 13: Export of .fbx model from InfraWorks to AutoCAD Civil 3D.

Figure 14: Export of .fbx model from InfraWorks to Revit.

Figure 15: Export of .fbx model from InfraWorks to Tekla.

d. From Design tool to Dynaroad and vice versa

Earth quantities are imported into Dynaroads from Excel. The quantities in Excel are generated
in AutoCAD Civil 3D, in which they are analysed and segmented according to application. On
that basis, Dynaroads calculates location parameters and haul distances and thereby visualises
areas where vertical changes on the alignment or other design changes can be made with ad-
vantage. If possible, adjust the design in AutoCAD Civil 3D on the basis of the calculations in
Dynaroads, and then recalculate the quantities and reimport them into Dynaroads. The process
runs iteratively until the optimum solution is found.

Today, the majority of planned alignments do not consider earth classes and haul distances,
but are designed on the basis of a general soil balance. That means that areas with non-
recyclable soil require a lot of transportation and consequently high costs and time consump-
tion.

Page 8 of 9
e. From Design tool to Machine control and surveying and vice versa
An exported AutoCAD Civil3D dxf file is imported into iCON office to generate a terrain model
(.trm), a coordinate system (.lok) and an alignment file (.geo). The files can be used for ma-
chine control and in a total station. The machine can also measure in points during perfor-
mance of work for control and as-built documentation. These points are exported to .txt file or
.dxf file.

Figure 16 shows the project as it is displayed on the tablet/controller on the total station. It
shows the terrain file and the alignment file with reference points plotted in the field. In the
machine house, the operator sees the terrain file and the break lines included in the .geo file
(see Figure 17).

Figure 16: Image from the tablet on the total station.

Figure 17: Image from the tablet in the machine house.

f. Handover
Handover may consist of quantities, production drawings, visualisation, parts lists, presentation
model, schedule, as-built, etc.

Page 9 of 9
BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure December 2016
/LOSK
Appendix 2 Example of Common Data Environment (CDE)
+45 22709597
losk@mth.dk

The Common Data Environment (CDE) originates from the British PAS 1192-2:2013. CDE is
shown in diagram format in Figure 1. A CDE describes the structure for exchange and release
of BIM models both internally in the project team, but also to the client.

After BIM has become the cornerstone of civil works and infrastructure projects, it is no longer
possible to work directly according to old procedures. It applies to all BIM processes in the pro-
jects and of quality control (QC) and exchange of BIM models in particular. All industry profes-
sionals need to think in new structures and new processes. CDE was developed for the purpose
of supporting the structure surrounding the exchange and release of BIM models.

Figure 1: Common Data Environment (CDE) from PAS 1192-2:2013.

Figure 1 shows the journey of a BIM model from start to finish. Each individual BIM model will
have its own route to handover, but a common feature for all BIM models is that they must all

MT Højgaard A/S
Knud Højgaards Vej 9
2860 Søborg

+45 7012 2400

mth.dk

CVR 12562233
go through the elements shown in the figure one or more times.

Figure1 contains four model areas and three QC processes. The QC processes take place in be-
tween the four model areas Work in progress, Shared, Published and Archive. The three QC
processes Approved, Authorised and Verified contain three different QC stages.

Below, a random BIM model’s journey is described and explained based on CDE (see Figure 1).
The BIM model in question is a road model to be adapted to a bridge structure and a drainage
project (see Figure 2).

Figure 2: Example of the common model of road, bridge and drainage.

Work in Progress, Part 1

The road model (ROAD) is started in the design tool based on the client’s alignment and bridge
clearance gauge data. At the same time, the other disciplines will begin to design the bridge
model (BRIDGE) and the drainage model (DRAIN) based on the same data from the client (see
Figure 3). All Work in Progress groups work on internal drives.

BRIDGE
DRAIN
ROAD

Figure 3: Work in Progress, Part 1.

Approved, Part 1
Before the three BIM models are to go through the approval and quality control process Ap-
proved, the Shared model is created. The Shared model is a clean BIM model containing only
Page 2 of 5
data relevant to the QC process. Each Work in Progress group carries out the Approved pro-
cess.

The Approved process includes four separate QC methods for the BIM models (see BIM Manual
for roads and earthworks, Chapter 8, and Appendix 3 for more information).

Shared, Part 1
When the BIM models have been approved in the QC process Approved, they will be uploaded
to the Shared area which will be a project web to which everybody has access. When the BIM
model has been uploaded to the Shared area, the other teams (Work in Progress) can down-
load the BIM model and use it as the basis for their own designs. At the same time, the BIM
models will be uploaded to the Archive folder. In the Archive folder, a version and revision
number will be added to the BIM model name (see Figure 4), and here all versions and revi-
sions of the BIM models will be available.

BRIDGE
DRAIN
ROAD

BRIDGE 01.00
DRAIN 01.00

ROAD 01.00
Figure 4: Shared, Part 1.

WIP, Part 2
After the bridge and drainage models have also been uploaded to the Shared area, they can be
downloaded as an references to the road model (see Figure 5). The road model will then have
its geometry adjusted to the bridge and drainage models. If there are challenges involved in
adjusting the BIM models, a meeting will be scheduled where the different teams can discuss
and find a solution to the challenges.

Page 3 of 5
 BRIDGE
DRAIN
Road
Road
BRIDGE
DRAIN

BRIDGE 01.00
DRAIN 01.00

ROAD 01.00
Figure 5: Work in Progress, Part 2.

Approved, Part 2
The adjusted road model will now go through the exact same quality and approval processes as
under Approved, Part 1. When the road model has been approved, a new version will be up-
loaded to the Shared area.

Shared, Part 2
When the second version of the road model is uploaded to the Shared folder, a version of the
road model will also be placed in the Archive folder and assigned version number 2 (see Figure
6).

BRIDGE
DRAIN
ROAD

BRIDGE 01.00
DRAIN 01.00

ROAD 01.00
ROAD 02.00
Figure 6: Shared, Part 2.

Authorised, Part 1
When the road model has been adjusted to the bridge and drainage models, the road model
will go through the quality and authorisation process called Authorised.

The Authorised procedure includes only two separate QC methods (see BIM Manual for earth-
works and road works, Chapter 8, and Appendix 3 for more information).

Page 4 of 5
Published, Part 1
When the road model has been Authorised in the above process, the BIM model will be released
to the client. At the same time, the BIM model will be placed in the Archive folders and as-
signed revision number 1 (see Figure 7).

BRIDGE

DRAIN
ROAD

BRIDGE 01.00
DRAIN 01.00
ROAD 01.00
ROAD ROAD 02.00
ROAD 02.01
Figure 7: Published, Part 1.

Verified, Part 1
When the BIM model is Verified, the client has approved the BIM model.

Page 5 of 5
BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure December 2016
/LOSK
Appendix 3 Example of QC of BIM Model
+45 22709597
losk@mth.dk

This Appendix shows examples of the four quality control (QC) methods:

 Self-checking
 BIM Model technical QC
 Design Engineer QC
 Approval

The quality control methods are included in the three QC procedures in Common Data
Environment (CDE) Approved, Authorised and Vertified. This appendix will not describe when to
use the different QC methods. For information about when to use the different QC methods,
see section 2.3 of BIM Manual for roads and earthworks and Appendix 2 Example of Common
Data Environment.

The example in this Appendix is based on a Corridor of a railway section of about 300 m.

Self-checking
Self-checking is control of the designer’s own work. Many already regard this process as natural
before passing the project on to another party. Documentation for the self-checking is not re-
quired. An example of a check list for self-check is given in figure 1.

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 Check list Check 

The BIM Model contains reference points

The objects are placed in the right coordinates (coordinate system)

The model block has been filled in

The correct layer structure has been used

The objects have been named correctly

Break lines and surfaces match

Is the consistency in the BIM Model

Are there clashes in the BIM Model

Figure 1: Check list for self-check.

You can post the check list for self-check on the noticeboard so that it is always to hand.

BIM Model technical QC

The BIM Model technical QC is carried out by the BIM Coordinator or Designer, but the BIM Co-
ordinator is responsible for the work being carried out. The BIM Model technical QC is also
based on a check list to check whether all components are included in the BIM Model and
whether there are clashes and consistency with other BIM Models on the project.

A BIM Model technical QC Excel file is generated for each issue to the Shared or Published files.
The BIM Model technical QC check list is copied in with the same number of sheets as the num-
ber of BIM Models to be issued/quality controlled. The BIM Model technical QC sheets are
named according to the name of the BIM model, e.g. Model X (see Figure 2 and Figure 3).

Figure 2: The sheet Model name is copied to the number of BIM Models to be issued.

Figure 3: Model X.

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Model name, date and initials are written at the top of each sheet (see Figure 4).

Figure 4: Model name, date and initials.

The top part of the sheet (see Figure 5) shows how the file is received. Tick the relevant boxes.
If the questions are not relevant, then tick the Not applicable box. In this case, the file naming
structure has clearly not been followed, and therefore the No, missing box in section 1.3 has
been ticked. If necessary, comments may be added in the right-hand column.

No, does not comply

Yes, but not 100%

Not applicable
Yes, perfect

Comments

1.0 Files
1.1 File format
1.1.1 - The model was received in original file format x
1.1.2 - The model was received in LandXML x
1.1.3 - The model was received as a viewer file x
1.2 The model received is in the agreed format x
1.3 A file naming structure has been complied with x

Figure 5: 1.0 Files.

In the next part of the sheet (see Figure 6), we look at whether all background data for the BIM
Model is in place. In this example, the legend has not been filled in, and the object names have
not been named correctly, and therefore, the No, does not comply box has been ticked. If nec-
essary, comments may be added in the right-hand column.

2.0 Coordination
2.1 Shared reference points have been used (IKT-specifikationen A102, del 4: Digi- x
tal projektering) (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital design)
2.2 A common system of coordinates has been used (IKT-specifikationen A102, del x
4: Digital projektering) (ICT Performance Specification A102, part 4: Digital de-
sign)
2.3 The model block has been filled in, see section 3.4 in BIM Manual Civil Works x
and Infrastructure
2.4 The objects are named according to section 4.5 in BIM Manual Civil Works and x
Infrastructure
2.5 Is the layer structure correct? x

Figure 6: 2.0 Coordination.

The next part of the sheet (see Figure 7) shows the modelling technology of the BIM model. In
this example, all points have been performed satisfactorily. If necessary, comments may be
added in the right-hand column.

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 3.0 Modelling technique
3.1 Break lines and surfaces are aligned x
3.2 Have the reference systems been used (section 4.3 in BIM Manual Civil Works x
and Infrastructure)
3.3 Is the model consistent? x
3.4 Objects do not overlap x
3.5 No objects are missing x

Figure 7: 3.0 Modelling technology.

The next part of the sheet (see Figure 8) shows the content of the BIM Model. In this example,
the Yes, but not 100% box has been ticked in response to the question of whether the BIM
Model works satisfactorily. In the comments box, it has been explained why.

4.0 Contents
4.1 The model contains the expected objects x
No connection to ex-
isting terrain several
4.2 The model seems to be complete and adequate x places
Figure 8: 4.0 Contents.

The next part of the sheet (see Figure 9) is based on clash detection recognizing conflicts in the
project’s remaining BIM Models. In this example, the Yes, but not 100% box has been ticked in
case of clashes with the drain model. A clash detection report is generated and attached to the
quality control. In this context, Yes, but not 100% means that there are a couple of clashes in
the BIM Model, but that they are not critical.

5.0 Clash detection

5.1 There are no clashes in the model x
x See clash detection
5.2 There are no clashes with the drainage model
5.3 There are no clashes with the structure model x
5.4 There are no clashes with the excavation model x
5.5 There are no clashes with the road/railway model x
5.6 There are no clashes with the finished terrain x
Figure 9: 5.0 Clash detection.

The next part of the sheet (see Figure 10) is based on whether the take-offs are a direct ele-
ment of the BIM Model. In this case, both 2D drawings and quantities are taken off directly. If
necessary, comments may be added in the right-hand column.

6.0 Take-off
6.1 2D drawings are a take-off from the model? (section 6.1 of the BIM Manual x
Civil Works and Infrastructure)
6.2 Are quantities a take-off from the model? (section 6.2 of the BIM Manual for x
Civil Works and Infrastructure)
Figure 10: 6.0 Take-off.

The final part of the sheet (see Figure 11) is based on possibilities of the BIM Model. Here it is
assessed whether the BIM Model is ready for visualisation, quantity take-off, etc. In the com-
ments field to the right, you can describe in further detail what the BIM Model is lacking in
terms of fulfilment of the points.

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 Some effort required

Not even close

Yes

No
7.0 Can the model be used for …
7.1 Review and design review x
7.2 Clash detection x
7.3 Quantity take-off x
7.4 Visualisation of construction programme x
7.5 Visualisation of the construction project and building components x
7.6 Machine control X
7.7 Surveying x
The model must be di-
vided into smaller parts
7.8 Production planning where time schedule is coupled with 3D model x
The model must be di-
vided into smaller parts
7.9 Financial planning where time schedule and finances are coupled with 3D x
model
Figure 11: 7.0 Can the model be used for

Design Engineer QC
In QCs of non-BIM Model technical aspects, the Design Engineer must check geometry, joints,
etc. These types of QC can be performed in two ways:

 As a traditional quality control of 2D drawings (QC of 2D drawings)

 In Navisworks Simulate with the BIM Model (QC of building information models)

QC of 2D drawings
QC of 2D drawings is used if the Design Engineer does not know how to use the BIM tool
Navisworks Simulate.

When 2D drawings are being quality controlled, cross sections, plan, profiles are printed using
Plan Production (see how in section 7.1 of BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure) and 3D
views directly from AutoCAD Civil 3D. These drawings will be passed on to the Design Engineer
by the Designer. The Design Engineer now corrects the drawings in the traditional way and re-
turns the corrections to the Designer. This process is repeated until the drawings and thus the
BIM Model is approved by the Design Engineer. The QC process is documented in the traditional
way.

Below is a single process with the BIM Model example Model X.

First, the QC material is delivered to the Design Engineer (see extract of this in Figure 12).

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Figure 12: Extract of delivery of QC material to Model X.

The Design Engineer adds comments to the 2D drawings (see Figure 13and Figure 14), and
then the Design Engineer and the Designer hold a short meeting to discuss the changes to be
made in the BIM Model. After this meeting, the Designer will correct the BIM Model (see Figure
15). Then the whole thing starts all over again. The BIM Model will be printed in 2D drawings
using Plan Production (see section 7.1 in BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure), and then
the Design Engineer makes his comments. When the Design Engineer has no more comments,
the BIM Model has passed the Design Engineer’s QC and the QC is documented with date and
signature.

Figure 13: QC of assembly.

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Figure 14: QC of 3D view.

Figure 15: Corrected BIM Model.

QC of BIM Models
QC of BIM Models is used if the Design Engineer knows how to use the BIM tool Navisworks
Simulate or another similar tool. Below the procedure in Navisworks Simulate is described.

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In the software tool, you can:

 add comments
 measure
 make sections
 rotate the BIM Model
 turn layers on and off

1. Add comments
In Navisworks Simulate, there is a special comments functionality that enables the de-
signer to zoom in on the various comments made by the Design Engineer. Each com-
ment will have its own viewpoint, making it possible to always revert to the comments.
In Navisworks Simulate, the remaining BIM Model can also be opened to enable the De-
sign Engineer to also check for consistency with other discipline models. The comments
will be listed one after the other to give the Designer an overview of all comments. The
comments will be made using the Add Tag function (see Figure 16).

Figure 16: Insertion of comments in the Navisworks model.

When the Designer receives the Navisworks file (.nwd), the Designer can fly around be-
tween all comments using the Viewpoints or View Comments functions. Figure 17 is an
example of a comment added in Navisworks. The Navisworks model shows where the
comment begins, and in the bottom of the screen, you can read the comment and see
who added it and the date and status of the comment.

Comments can be made in all Views, ie with measurements, in sections, in all angles of
the BIM Model, etc.

Figure 17: Comments in Navisworks.

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 2. Measurement
In Navisworks Simulate, there is a good measuring function (see Figure 18 for options).
These measurements can also be included in comments to give the designer as much
information as possible in the comments (see Figure 19). The dimensioning will in this
case only be visible in the Viewpoint comment in which it is included.

Figure 18: Measurement methods in Navisworks.

Figure 19: Measurement in comment.

3. Sectioning
The easiest way to make sections is by using the Box function, see Figure 20 and Fig-
ure 21. Here it is possible to pull the arrows so that you see the section exactly where it
is interesting. This section can also be added as a comment.

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Figure 20: Enable Sectioning/Box.

Figure 21: Box Sectioning.

4. Rotate the BIM Model

By using the Full Navigation Wheel you can easily rotate the BIM Model. By moving the
center button across the area where you want to rotate the BIM Model and then holding
down the Orbit button while rotating, you can be sure of the focal point in the BIM
Model (see Figure 22).

Figure 22: Full navigation Wheel.

5. Turn layers on and off

Using the Hide and Selection Tree functions, BIM Models, layers and objects can easily
be turned on and off. The turned off layers will be grey in the Selection Tree (see Figure
23). It is also possible to turn on and off by highlighting objects in the BIM Model and
then pressing Hide.

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Figure 23: Selection Tree.

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Notat
BIM Manual Civil Works and Infrastructure December 2016
/LOSK
Appendix 4 Naming of objects
+45 22709597
losk@mth.dk

Appendix 4 contains a list of all tables of naming of objects from section 4.5 in BIM Manual Civil
Works and Infrastructure.

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