SULIT

4531/2
CONFIDENTIAL
4531/2
Physics
Paper 2
Mei
2007
1
2 hours
2

JABATAN PENDIDIKAN TEKNIKAL

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI

SAINS DAN MATEMATIK SPM
2007

PHYSICS
Paper 2

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1 Write your name and form in the space Full Marks

Section Question
provided. Marks Obtain
1 4
2 Candidate is required to read information 2 5
on page 2.
3 6
4 7
A
5 8
6 8
7 10
8 12
9 20
B
10 20
11 20
C
12 20
Total

________________________________________________
This question paper consists of printed pages.
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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

MAKLUMAT UNTUK CALON
1. This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian : Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan
Bahagian C.

2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A in the spaces
provided in the question paper.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Tulis jawapan bagi Bahagian A dalam
ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan

3. Answer one question from Section B and one question from Section C. Write your
answers for Section B and Section C on the lined pages at the end of this question
paper. Answer questions in Section B and Section C in detail. You may use equations,
diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer.
Jawab satu soalan daripada Bahagian B dan satu soalan daripada Bahagian
C.Tuliskan jawapan bagi Bahagian B dan Bahagian C pada halaman bergarisdi
bahagian akhir kertas soalan ini. Jawab Bahagian B dan Bahagian C dengan
terperinci. Anda boleh menggunakan. persamaan, gambar rajah, jadual, graf dan
cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda.

4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.

Tunjukkan kerja mengira, ini membantu anda mendapatkan markah.

5. If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the answer.
Sekiranya anda hendak membatalkan sesuatu jawapan, buat garisan di atas jawapan
itu

6. The diagram in the question provided are not drawn to scale unless stated.
Gambarajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukiskan mengikut skala kecuali
dinyatakan.

7. A list of formulae is provided on page 3.

Satu senarai rumus disediakan di halaman 3.

8. The marks allocated for each question or part question are shown in brackets.
Markah yang diperuntukkan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam
kurungan.

9. The time suggested to answer Section A is 90 minutes, Section B is 30 minutes and

Section C is 30 minutes.
Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab Bahagian A ialah 90 minit, Bahagian B
ialah 30 minit dan Bahagian C ialah 30 minit.

10. You may use a non-progmammable scientific calculator.

Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh deprogram. Walau
bagaimanapun, langkah mengira perlu ditunjukkan.

11. Hand in this question paper at the end of the examination.

Serahkan kertas soalan ini di akhir peperiksaan.

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The following information may be useful. The symbols have their usual meaning.
Maklumat berikut mungkin berfaedah. Simbol-simbol mempunyai makna yang biasa.

vu vu
1. a= 1. a=
t t
2. Momentum = mv 2. Momentum = mv
3. F =ma 3. F =ma
4. Tenaga keupayaan = mgh 4. Tenaga keupayaan = mgh
1 2 1
5. Tenaga kinetic = mv 5. Tenaga kinetic = mv
2
2 2
m m
6. ρ= 6. ρ=
v v
F F
7. Tekanan, p = 7. Tekanan, p =
A A
8. Tekanan, p = hρg 8. Tekanan, p = hρg
9. Haba, Q = mcθ 9. Haba, Q = mcθ

pV pV
10. = pemalar 10. = pemalar
T T

11. E = mc2 11. E = mc2

12. v = fλ 12. v = fλ
1 1 1 1 1 1
13. f = + 13. f = +
u v u v
sin i sin i
14. n = 14. n =
sin r sin r
15. V = IR 15. V = IR
16. v 2  u 2  2as 16. v 2  u 2  2as
1 2 1 2
17. s  ut  at 17. s  ut  at
2 2
tenaga tenaga
18. Kuasa, P = 18. Kuasa, P =
masa masa
ax ax
19.   19.  
D D
H H
20. n = 20. n =
h h
21. Q  It 21. Q  It
22. Kuasa, P = IV 22. Kuasa, P = IV
23. g = 10 m s-2 23. g = 10 m s-2

Section A
Bahagian A

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[ 60 marks ]
[60 markah]

Answer all questions in this section

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1 The Diagram 1.1 shows a micrometer screw gauge that can be used to measure
diameter of ball bearing
Gambar rajah menunjukkan sebuah tolok skru micrometer yang boleh digunakan untuk
mengukur diameter sebuah ball bearing
X

40

0
35

30

DIAGRAM 1.1

(a) Name the part labeled X.

Namakan bahagian yang berlabel X.

…………………………………………………………………………………..................................
[1 mark]
(b) What is the function of X?
Apakah fungsi X?

…………………………………………………………………………………..................................
[1 mark]
(c) What is the diameter of the ball bearing if the zero error of micrometer screw
gauge is - 0.02 ?
Apakah diameter ball bearing iut jika ralat sifar tolokskru micrometer iitu adalah – 0.02?

…………………………………………………………………………………..................................
[2 marks]

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2 Diagram 2.1 shows a boy launching a water rocket bottle using the bicycle pump at
the field.The water in the bottle ejected at a very high speed with backwards
direction and the rocket bottle moves forward.
Rajah menunjukkan seorang budak lelaki melancarkan satu roket botol airdengan
menggunakan pam basikal di satu kawasan terbuka.Air dalam botol tersembur keluar
dengan halaju tinggi kea rah belakang dan roket botol iut bergerak kehadapan.

DIAGRAM 2.1

(a) State the physics principle that is involved in the movement of the water bottle
rocket.
Nyatakan satu prinsip fizik yang terlibat dalam pergerakan roket botol itu

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Explain why the the water bottle rocket moves forward
Terangkan mengapa roket botol itu bergerak ke hadapan
.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

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(c) The mass of the bottle rocket is 0.2 kg and the velocity of the water ejected is
2 m s -1 . If the mass of the water is 0.2 kg.,calculate the velocity of the the rocket
bottle.

Jisim roket botol itu ialah 0.2 kg dan halaju air yang tersembur ialah 2 ms -1.Jika jisim air
itu ialah 0.2 kg, kirakan halaju roket botol itu

[2 marks]
(d) Name one application of the physics principle stated in (a) in sports field.

Namakan satu kegunaan prinsip fizik yang dinyatakan di (a) dalam bidang sukan.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

3 Diagram 3.1 shows a man weight of 500 N sitting on 800 nails and feels no pain
although the nails exerted pressure to him. Diagram 3.2 shows the surface area of the
tip of the nail

Gambar rajah 3.1 menunjukkan seorang lelaki yang beratnya 500 N sedang duduk di atas
800 batang paku tanpa mengalami kesakitanwalaupun paku itu menegenakan tekanan ke
atasnya. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan luas permukaan bahagian hujung tajam paku itu.

A= 2.0 x 10-7m2

Nail / paku

DIAGRAM 3.1 DIAGRAM 3.2

(a) State the SI unit of pressure?
Nyatakan unit SI bagi tekanan ?

……………………………….................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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(b) Calculate the pressure exerted on the man in Diagram 3.1

Kirakan tekanan yang dirasai oleh lelaki dalam gambar rajah 3.1

[3 marks]
(c) Its easier to cut through a loaf of bread using a sharp knife than a blunt knife.
Explain this situation.
Lebih mudah untuk memotong sebuku roti dengan menggunakan pisau yang tajam
berbanding pisau yang tumpul.
Terangkan situasi ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

4 Diagram 4.1 shows a ray of light travels from air to water.

Diagram 4.2 shows a ray of light travels from air to a thick glass block
The refractive index of water and glass is 1.33 and 1.50 respectively

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan cahaya merambat daripada udara ke air.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan cahaya merambat daripada udara ke blok kaca yang tebal
Indek biasan bagi air dan kaca masing-masing 1.33 dan 1.50

50°
50° air
air
Glass
block
55 °
water

DIAGRAM 4.1 DIAGRAM 4.2

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(a) What is meant by refractive index?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan indeks biasan?

………………..……………………………………………………….……………………………….
[ 1 mark ]

(b) In Diagram 4.1, the ray in the water is bent toward normal at a certain angle.
Dalam Rajah 4.1, sinar cahaya di dalam air dibengkokkan pada suatu sudut.

(i) In the glass block in Diagram 4.2, draw the refracted ray.
Di dalam blok kaca pada Rajah 4.2, lukiskan sinar pembiasan.
[ 1 mark ]
( ii ) Why the angle in the glass block is different from the water.
Terangkan mengapa sudut di dalam blok kaca berbeza dengan air?

……………………………………………….……………………………………………
[1 mark ]

(c) Diagram 4.3 shows a diamond with a carefully cut faces and give the diamond its
sparkle .
Diagram 4.4 shows entering light into the diamond
Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan sebutir intan yang dipotong sempurna dan menghasilkan kilauannya.
Rajah 4.4 menunjukkan cahaya memasuki intan tersebut

DIAGRAM 4.3 DIAGRAM 4.4 4.4

(i) Complete the ray in Diagram 4.4.

Lengkapkan lintasan sinar cahaya di dalam Rajah 4.4.
[1 mark ]

(ii) Give one reason for your answer in (c) (i).

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (c) (i).

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark ]

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( d ) If the refractive index of a diamond is 2.40 calculate the critical angle of the
diamond.
Jika Indeks biasan bagi intan ialah 2.40 hitung sudut genting bagi intan.
[2 marks]

5 The Diagram 5.1 and 5.2 shows two set of apparatus to determine the specific latent
heat of fusion of ice. Set A is not connected while set B is connected to the power
supply.

Rajah menunjukkan dua set radas untuk menentukan haba pendam tentu pelakuran
bagi ais. Set A tidak disambungkan pada bekalan kuasa manakala set B disambungkan
pada bekalan kuasa.

SET A

DIAGRAM 5.1

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SET B

DIAGRAM 5.2

[2 maks]
(a) What is the function of set A ?
Apakah fungsi radas set A ?

…………………..…..……………………………………….………………................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Compare the thermometer readings for set A and set B after 5 minutes. What can you
say about the readings?
Bandingkan bacaan termometer pada radas set A danB. Apakah yang anda boleh katakan
tentang bacaan keduanya?

…………………..…..……………………………………….………………................................................

[1 mark]

(c) Name the heat involved in the processes.

Nyatakan haba yang terlibat dalam proses itu.

…………………..…..……………………………………….………………

[1 mark]

(d) (i) What is the amount of water collected in the beaker in set A after 5 minutes.
Berapakah jumlah air yang terkumpul dalam bikar dalam set A selepas 5 minit.

………………..…..……………………………………….………………...................................
[1 mark]

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(ii) What is the amount of water collected in the beaker in set B after 5 minutes.
Berapakah jumlah air yang terkumpul dalam bikar dalam set B selepas 5 minit.

……..…………………..…..……………………………………….………………........................
[1 mark]

(iii) Determine the amount of water collected due to the heat from the heater only.
Tentukan jumlah air yang terkumpul yang disebabkan oleh pemanas elektrik sahaja
.
...……..…………………..…..……………………………………….………………........................
[1 mark]
(iv) If the power of the heater used is 200 W, calculate the specific latent heat of
fusion of ice.
Jika kuasa pemanas ialah 200W, hitungkan haba pendam tentu pelakuran bagi ais.

[2 marks]

6 Table 6 gives the details of two transformers P and Q

Jadual 6 menyatakan maklumat bagi dua buah transforme P dan Q

Number of Number Primary Secondary

Type of turns for the of turns voltage, voltage,
transformer primary coil, for the Vp / V Vs / V
Np secondary
coil,
Ns

P 5000 1000 240 48

Q 400 5000 12 150

TABLE 6

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(a) Compare the number of turns for each transformers.

Bandingkan bilangan lilitan bagi setiap transformer

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark ]
(b) Compare the voltages for each transformers.
Bandingkan voltan bagi setiap transformer

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(c) (i) State the relationship between the number of turns of the coil and the voltages
for both transformers.
Nyatakan hubungan antara bilangan lilitan dan voltan bagi kedua-dua buah
Transformer.

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Therefore,determine the type of transformer P and Q.
Seterusnya, tentukan jenis transformer P dan Q

Transformer P : …………………………………………………………………

Transformer Q : ………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]
(d) (i) Name the type of electric currents that a transformer can change .
Namakan jenis arus elektrik yang boleh ditukarkan oleh sebuah transformer?

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) What happens if another type of current applied to the primary coil?
Expalin your answer
Apakah yang berlaku jika bekalan arus yang lain digunakan pada gelung primer

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

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7 Impurities are added to a pure semiconductor to increase its conductivity in a process

known as doping.
Bendasing ditambahkan ke semikonduktor tulen untuk menembahkan kekonduksiannya melalui
satu proses dipanggil pendopan.]

(a) (i) State what is meant by semiconductor?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan semikonduktor?

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why certain semiconductors are known as n-type semiconductors?

Terangkan mengapa semikonduktor tertentu dipanggil semikonduktir jenis-n?

……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

(b) A diode comprises of n and p-type semiconductors joined together. Diagram

7.1 shows an a.c. supply connected to a resistor and a diode.

Sebuah diod terdiri daripada semikonduktor jenis-n dan jenis-p yang bersambung.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan sumber a.u. disambungkan ke sebuah perintang dan sebuah
diod

DIAGRAM 7.1

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(i) State the effect of fitting the diode in the circuit to the current flows

Nyatakan kesan memasang diod di dalam litar kepada pengaliran cas.

………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) On Diagram 7.2, sketch graphs to show the variation of the a.c. supply
voltage and the output voltage with time.

Pada rajah 9.2, lakarkan graf untuk menunjukkan perubahan voltan bekalan a.u.
dan voltan output dengan masa.

a.c. supply voltage

voltan bekalan a.u.

.
time

Output voltage
Voltan output.

time

DIAGRAM 7.2

[2 marks]

(iii) Describe how the output voltage can be further improved to get a
pure and smoothened d.c. voltage.
Terangkan bagaimana voltan output boleh diperbaiki untuk mendapat
voltan a.t. yang lebih licin.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………
[4 marks]

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8 Diagram 8.1 shows a radioactive source can be used to control the thickness of paper as
it is manufactured. The G-M tube reading at P, Q and R are recorded as shown in table
8.2

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan satu sumber radioaktif digunakan untuk mengawal ketebalan kertas .
Bacaan Tiub G-M di P, Q dan R direkodkan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual 8.2

DIAGRAM 8.1

Position of paper
P Q R
Readings of G-M
370 295 290
tube/counts/min

TABLE 8.2
(a) What is meant by radioactive source?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan sumber radioaktif

………………………………………………………………………..……………………..
[1 mark]

(b) Base on Table 8.2, which part of the paper is the thinnest? Give your reason.

Berdasarkan Jadual 8.1, bahagian manakah kertas itu paling nipis.

Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda.

…………………………………………………………………..…………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..…………………..
[2 marks]

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(c) Table 8.3 shows the time taken to decay to 12.5 % from the original value of
the three isotopes with the type of radiation given out during the process.

Jadual 8.3 menunjukkan masa yang diambil bagi tiga isotop menyusut menjadi 12.5 %
daripada keaktifan asal dan sinaran yang dipancarkan.

Type of radiation given

Radioisotopes Time taken to decay 12.5%
out
thorium-231 3 days Beta
Kobalt-60 15.9 years Gamma
Actinium-227 66 years Beta

TABLE 8.3

Base on Table 8.3,

Berdasarkan Jadual 8.3,

(i) Write the decay equation of Radium-226 ( 226 222

88 Ra ) to Radon ( 86 Rn ).

Tuliskan persamaan reputan bagi Radium-226 ( 226

88 Ra ) jika ia mereput menjadi

Radon ( 222
86 Rn ).

[2 marks]

(ii) Determine the half life of each radioisotopes

Tentukan setengah hayat bagi setiap radioisotop.

[4 marks]

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(d) Based your answer in (c)(ii) and Table 8.3, which one of the radioisotope would
be the best choice as the radioactive source. Give two reason for your answer

Menggunakan jawapan anda di (c) (ii) dan Jadual 8.3, radioisotop yang manakah
paling baik sebagai sumber radioactive.Berikan dua sebab bagi jawapan anda.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]

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Section B

[ 20 marks ]

Answer any one question.

9 Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 shows a comparison of two springs, M and N. Both the
springs are elasticity made from the same wire and material. They are attached to
load of equal weight.

Rajah 1 dan rajah 2 menunjukkan perbandingan dua spring M dan N. Kedua-duanya

mempunyaii keelastikan dan dibuat daripada wayar dan bahan yang sama. Kedua-
dua spring kemudiannya diletakkan beban yang sama berat.

Spring M

Spring N

DIAGRAM 9.1

DIAGRAM 9.2

(a) What is meant by elasticity of a material ?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan keelastikan suatu bahan.
[ 1 mark]

(b) Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2

Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2
(i) Compare the forces applied on the springs and the extension of the springs.
Bandingkan daya yang digunakan ke atas spring dan pemanjangan
spring.
[ 3 marks]

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( ii) Compare the spring constant M and N , hence relate the spring constant
and the natural length of the spring.

Bandingkan pemalar spring M dan N, seterusnya hubungkaitkan pemalar

dengan panjang asal spring.
[ 2 marks]

(c) A spring produces an extension of 4 cm when a stretching force of 1.2 N is applied

to it. What is the spring constant of the spring ?
Satu spring menghasilkan pemanjangan sebanyak 4 cm apabila satu daya regangan 1.2 N
dikenakan. Berapakah pemalar spring bagi spring tersebut ?

(d) Explain how the forces between the molecules caused the elasticity .
Terangkan bagaimana daya-daya antara molekul-molekul menyebabkan keelastikan.
[ 4 marks]

spring in suspension
system

DIAGRAM 9.3

(e) Diagram 9.3 shows a spring of suspension system of an ordinary motorcycle.

Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan spring pada sistem suspensi motorsikal biasa.

(i) What are the functions of the spring in the suspension system ?
Apakah fungsi-fungsi spring di dalam sistem suspensi.
[2 marks]

(ii) Explain the modification that needs to be done on the spring to enable it to be
a racing motorcycle.
You should explain your suggestions, to include the following aspects :
- the characteristics of the spring material
- the designs of the spring
Terangkan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan ke atas spring untuk
membolehkan ia digunakan untuk motorsikal lumba.
Anda perlu menerangkan cadangan anda, merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut:
- ciri-ciri bahan untuk membina spring
- rekabentuk spring

[ 6 marks]

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10 Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show the water and sound waves propagating towards a
reflector.

Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan gelombang air dan gelombang bunyi yang
merambat menuju ke pemantul.

Incident wavefronts

Reflected
wavefronts
Normal Ll
Direction of reflected waves
DIAGRAM 10.1 wave

Hard surface

Card board tube i r

Stop
watc
h Ear

DIAGRAM 10.2

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(a) (i) What is meant by reflected waves?

Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan gelombang pantulan?

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) With reference to Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare the
incident and reflected angle, wavelength, frequency, speed and
direction of propagation of the reflected wave.
Merujuk pada Rajah 10.1 dan 10.2, bandingkan sudut tuju dan sudut
pantulan, panjang gelombang, frekuensi, laju dan arah perambatan
gelombang pantulan.
[ 5 marks ]

(iii) State the principle of reflection of waves.

Nyatakan prinsip pantulan gelombang
[ 1 mark ]

(b) Discuss on how you would use the sound wave to determine the depth of the sea.
Bincangkan bagaimana gelombang bunyi digunakan bagi menentukan
kedalaman laut.
[ 3 marks ]

(c) You have been assigned as a consultant to assemble a speaker system and to
improve the acoustics of a school hall. Using the appropriate physics concept
explain how the installation of the speaker system and other modifications that
can improve audible sound. In your explanation, elaborate on the following
points:
Anda telah ditugaskan sebagai pakar runding untuk memasang sistem pembesar
suara di sebuah dewan sekolah. Dengan menggunakan konsep fizik, terangkan
bagaimana pemasangan peralatan tersebut dan pengubahsuaian lain dilakukan
untuk menghasilkan bunyi yang jelas .
(i) The arrangement of the speakers.
Susunan pembesar suara
(ii) Wall and floor finishing.
Kemasan dinding dewan dan lantai
(iii) Power of the loud speakers
. Kuasa pembesar suara

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Section C
[ 20 marks ]

Answer any one question.

11 Diagram 11.1 shows a gas balloon, moored with a load at the Book Festival.
The mass of the balloon is 5 kg. The balloon and the load float at a certain
height and the buoyant force acting on the balloon is 250 N

Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan satu belon gas ,yang diikat dengan satu beban di satu pesta
buku.Jisim belon itu ialah 5 kg.Belon dan beban itu terapung pada ketinggian tertentu
dan tujah ke atas yang bertindak pada belon itu ialah 250 N

DIAGRAM 11.1
(a) (i) What is the meaning of buoyant force ?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan tujah ke atas ?
[1 mark ]

(ii) Explain why the balloon and the load float ?

Terangkan mengapa belon dan beban itu terapung?

[4 marks ]
(b) Table 11.2 shows the characteristics of four sets, A, B , C and D of balloons, ropes and
loads .
Jadual 11.2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat set A, B , C dan D bagi belon , tali dan beban .

Set Type of gas filled and density Mass of loads/kg Maximum Tension

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allowed / N
-3
A Helium (0.17 kg m ) 5 300
B Hydrogen (0.09 kg/m3) 20 250
C Helium (0.17 kg m-3) 20 300
D Nitrogen (1.25 kg/m3) 5 100

As a supervisor , you are assigned to investigate the characteristics of set balloons, ropes
and loads that could be used for the purpose.
Base on the table 11.2;
Sebagai seorang penyelia anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji cirri-ciri set belon, tali dan bebab
yang boleh diguakan bagi tujuan tersebut.
Berdasarkan jadual 11.2
(i) Explain the suitable characteristics of the balloons, ropes and loads so that it
can be used
Terangkan kesesuaian cirri bagi belon ,tali dan bebab yang boleh digunakan
(i) Decide which set is most suitable to be used at the festival.
Nyatakan set yang paling sesuai digunakan dipetas tersebut dan nyatakan sebabnya
(ii) Explain why the others set is not suitable
Terangkan mengapa set yang lain tidak sesuai.

[10 marks]

(c) If the mooring rope cut off, the balloons will rise up.
Jika tali pengikat itu putus, belon itu akan naik ke atas. Kirakan

(i) Calculate the resultant force of the balloon

Kirakan daya paduan bagi belon itu
(ii) Calculate the initial acceleration of the balloon
Kirakan Pecutan awal belon itu]
(iii) what is your assumption in your calculation in c(ii)
Apakah andaian and dalam pengiraan di (c)(ii)

[5 marks]

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12 Diagram 12.1 and 12.2 shows two identical bulbs connected to one cell and two dry
cell respectively. The bulb connected to two dry cells lights up brighter

Rajah 12.1 dan 12.2 menunjukkan dua mentol yang serupa disambungkan kepada satu dan
dua sel kering masing-masing. Mentol yang dsambungkan kepada dua sel kering menyala
lebih cerah.

DIAGRAM 12.1 DIAGRAM 12.2

(a) (i) What is meant by the value “ 9 V ” labelled on the dry cell?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nilai 9 V yang dilabelkan pada sel kering ?
[ 1 marks ]

(ii) Explain why the bulb connected to two dry cells is brighter.
Terangkan mengapa mentol yang disambungkan kepada dua sel kering menyala
lebih terang.
[ 3 marks ]

(a) Table 12.1 shows the voltage generated and the type of current produced
by four
power supply stations.

Jadual 12.1 menunjukkan voltan dan jenis arus yang dijanakan oleh empat stesen
bekalan kuasa.

Power supply station Types of Current Voltage/ V

Stesen bekalan kuasa Jenis Arus Voltan / V
P Alternating 473
Ulang alik
Q Alternating 3.3 x 10 4
Ulang alik
R Direct 473
Terus
S Direct 3.3 x 104
Terus

TABLE 12.1

(i) State which power supply station is suitable for the long distance transmission of
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electricity. Justify your choice.

Pilih stesen bekalan kuasa yang sesuai untuk penghantaran elektrik pada jarak jauh.
Beri alasan bagi pilihan anda.

[ 3 marks ]

(ii) Table 12.2 shows the characteristics of four types of cables that are of the same
length.
Jadual 12.2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri 4 jenis kabel elektrik yang sama panjang.

Cable Diameter / cm Density / kg m-3 Rate of expansion

kabel Diameter / cm Ketumpatan / kg m-3 Kadar
pengembangan
X 3 7.28 x 103 Low
Rendah
Y 2 5.20 x 103 High
Tinggi
Z 6 2.00 x 103 Medium
Sederhana

TABLE 12.2

You are asked to choose one of the cables to be used in the National Grid
Network. Explain the suitability of each of the characteristics of the cables.
Choose the most suitable cable and justify your choice.
[ 8 marks ]
Anda dikehendaki memilih satu jenis kabel yang akan digunakan dalam
Rangkaian Grid Nasional. Terangkan kesesuaian ciri-ciri setiap kabel yang
akan digunakan. Tentukan kabel yang paling sesuai digunakan dan beri alasan
anda
[ 8 marks ]

(b) Power of 15 kW is transmitted from a small generator to a rural school along

5000m of cables that have a total resistance of 5 Ω . The power is transmitted
at the usual mains supply voltage of 240 V .Calculate;

Kuasa 15 kW dihantar dari sebuah penjana kecil ke sebuah sekolah luar bandar
menggunakan kabel berintangan 5 Ω sepanjang 5000 m . Kuasa itu dihantar
dengan menggunakan voltan biasa 240 V. Kirakan
(i) The current in the cables
Arus dalam kabel
(ii) The power loss due to the heating of the cables
Kuasa yang hilang akibat pemanasan kabel itu.
(iii) The percentage of loss of power
Peratus kuasa yang hilang.
[5 marks]

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