1

INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE

ZONGOLICA

INGENIERÍA EN SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONALES

ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
TAREA – EJERCICIOS E.D.O.

PROFESOR: M. I. I. CARLOS HUMBERTO DIMAS GARCÍA

INTEGRANTES DE EQUIPO:

GUSTAVO CABRERA HERMENEGILDO 166W0264

JESÚS AGUILAR ÁLVAREZ 166W0301

GRADO: 4° SEMESTRE GRUPO: 403 A

MODALIDAD: MIXTO

ORIZABA VER. A 11 DE ABRIL DE 2018

 2

ÍNDICE

1. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES IDENTIFICANDO GRADO, ORDEN Y LINEALIDAD ...... 3

2. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES POR SEPARACIÓN DE VARIABLES .................................. 9

3. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES CON CONDICIÓN INICIAL .............................................. 15

4. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES HOMOGÉNEAS .................................................................. 18

5. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES EXACTAS ............................................................................. 22

6. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES DE BERNOULLI .................................................................. 25

 3

1. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES IDENTIFICANDO GRADO, ORDEN Y

LINEALIDAD
1)
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝒙𝟐 𝒚´ + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 { 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑦´ + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)
𝑥 2 𝑦´ 2𝑥𝑦 3𝑥 2
+ 2 = 2
𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥
2
𝑦´ + 𝑦 = 3
𝑥

𝑦𝜇 = ∫ 𝑞𝜇 𝑑𝑥 𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

2
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥) = 3
𝑥
2 𝑑𝑥 2
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2 ∫ 𝑥 = 𝑒 2 ln|𝑥| = 𝑒 ln|𝑥| = 𝑥 2
𝑥3
𝑦𝑥 = ∫ 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ( ) = 𝑥 3 + 𝐶
2 2 2
3
𝑦𝑥 2 = 𝑥 3 + 𝐶
𝑥3 𝐶
𝑦= +
𝑥2 𝑥2
𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝑪𝒙−𝟐

2)
𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
(𝒚´)𝟒 − (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏)(𝒚´)𝟑 + (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚)(𝒚´)𝟐 𝟐𝒙𝒚 𝒚´ = 𝟎 {𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝑁𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑂𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠
1 − (𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1) (𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦) − 2𝑥𝑦
1 1 − (𝑥 + 2𝑦) 2𝑥𝑦
−(𝑥 + 2𝑦) 2𝑥𝑦 0

𝑦´(𝑦´ − 1)(𝑦´ − 𝑥)(𝑦´ − 2𝑦) = 0

𝑦´ = 0 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝐶1
 4

𝑦´ − 1 = 0 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝐶2
𝑥2
𝑦´ − 𝑥 = 0 ⟹ 𝑦 = + 𝐶3
2
𝑦´ − 2𝑦 = 0 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝐶4 𝑒 2𝑥
𝒙𝟐
(𝑪𝟏 − 𝒚)(𝑪𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝒚) (𝑪𝟑 + − 𝒚) (𝑪𝟒 𝒆𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝟎
𝟐

3)
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝒚´´ − 𝟔𝒚´ + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟎 {𝑆𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑦1 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑒 − ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥
𝑦2 = 𝑦1 ∫
𝑦12
𝑦´´ + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦´ + 𝑞(𝑥)𝑦 = 0
𝑒 − ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 − ∫ −6𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 6𝑥
𝑒 6𝑥 𝑒 6𝑥
𝑦2 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 𝑥 )2 𝑒 2𝑥
1 1
𝑦2 = 𝑒 𝑥 ( ) ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 5𝑥
4 4
1
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶2 ( ) 𝑒 5𝑥
4
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒆𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆𝟓𝒙

4)

𝒅𝒚 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟎 { 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝒅𝒙
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
1
( ) (𝑥𝑦´ + 4𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 )
𝑥
 5

4
𝑦´ + 𝑦 = −3𝑥
𝑥

𝑦𝜇 = ∫ 𝑞𝜇 𝑑𝑥 𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

4
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥) = −3𝑥
𝑥
4 𝑑𝑥 4
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 4 ∫ 𝑥 = 𝑒 4 ln|𝑥| = 𝑒 ln|𝑥| = 𝑥 4
𝑥6 1
𝑦𝑥 4 = −3 ( ) + 𝐶 = − 𝑥6 + 𝐶
6 2
1
𝑦𝑥 4 = − 𝑥 6 + 𝐶
2
1
− 2 𝑥6 𝐶
𝑦= + 4
𝑥4 𝑥
𝟏
𝒚 = − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪𝒙−𝟒
𝟐

5)
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝒚´´´ − 𝒚´´ − 𝟐𝒚´ = 𝟎 { 𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑟𝑥
𝑟 3 − 𝑟 2 − 2𝑟 = 0
𝑟(𝑟 2 − 𝑟 − 2) = 0
𝑟(𝑟 − 2)(𝑟 + 1) = 0
𝑟=0 𝑟−2=0 𝑟+1=0
𝑟=0 𝑟=2 𝑟 = −1
𝑦1 = 𝑒 0𝑥 = 1
𝑦2 = 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦3 = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝑪𝟑 𝒆−𝒙
 6

6)
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝟐
𝒙 𝒚´´ + 𝒙𝒚´ − 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟎 {𝑆𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑦1 = 𝑥 2
𝑦´´ + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦´ + 𝑞(𝑥)𝑦 = 0
(𝑥 −2 )(𝑥 2 𝑦´´ + 𝑥𝑦´ − 4𝑦 = 0)
𝑦´ 4
𝑦´´ + − 𝑦=0
𝑥 𝑥2
𝑒 − ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥
𝑦2 = 𝑦1 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦12
1 𝑑𝑥 −1
𝑒 − ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 − ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑥 = 𝑒 − ln|𝑥| = 𝑒 ln|𝑥| = 𝑥 −1
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1
𝑦2 = 𝑥 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 ∫ 𝑥 −5 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 )2 𝑥4
𝑥 −5+1
2 2
𝑥 −4 1
𝑦2 = 𝑥 ( )=𝑥 ( ) = − 𝑥 −2
−5 + 1 −4 4
𝑦2 = 𝑥 −2
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙−𝟐

7)
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
(𝟔)
𝒚 =𝟎 { 𝑆𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑟𝑥
𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑟í𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 ⟶ 𝑟 6 = 0
𝑟=0
𝑦1 = 𝑒 0𝑥 = 1
𝑦2 = 𝑥
𝑦3 = 𝑥 2
𝑦4 = 𝑥 3
𝑦5 = 𝑥 5
𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟑 𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪𝟒 𝒙𝟑 + 𝑪 𝟓 𝒙𝟒 + 𝑪𝟔 𝒙𝟓
 7

8)

𝒅𝒓 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
= 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 + 𝒓 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 { 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝒅𝜽
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑑𝑟
+ 𝑝(𝜃)𝑟 = 𝑞(𝜃)
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑟
− 𝑟 tan 𝜃 = sec 𝜃
𝑑𝜃

𝑟𝜇 = ∫ 𝑞𝜇 𝑑𝜃 𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝜃)𝑑𝜃

𝑝(𝜃) = − tan 𝜃 𝑞(𝜃) = sec 𝜃

𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ − tan 𝜃𝑑𝜃 = 𝑒 − ∫ tan 𝜃𝑑𝜃 = 𝑒 ln|cos 𝜃| = cos 𝜃

𝑟 cos 𝜃 = ∫(sec 𝜃 cos 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃

𝑟 cos 𝜃 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜃 + 𝐶

𝜃 𝐶
𝑟= +
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝒓 = 𝜽 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 + 𝑪 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽

9)

𝒅𝒚 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝟑 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒙 { 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
𝒅𝒙
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑦´ + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)
(𝑥 −3 )(𝑥 3 𝑦´ + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑥)
3𝑥 2 𝑥
𝑦´ + 3
𝑦= 3
𝑥 𝑥
3
𝑦´ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 −2
𝑥

𝑦𝜇 = ∫ 𝑞𝜇 𝑑𝑥 𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

3
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥 −2
𝑥
 8

3 𝑑𝑥 3
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 3 ∫ 𝑥 = 𝑒 3 ln|𝑥| = 𝑒 ln|𝑥| = 𝑥 3
𝑥2
𝑦𝑥 3 = ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶
2

3
𝑥2
𝑦𝑥 = +𝐶
2
𝑥2
𝐶
𝑦 = 23 + 3
𝑥 𝑥
𝟏
𝒚= + 𝑪𝒙−𝟑
𝟐𝒙

10)

𝒅𝒚 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛
+ 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒙 {𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜
𝒅𝒙
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑦´ + 2𝑦 = 𝑥

𝑦𝜇 = ∫ 𝑞𝜇 𝑑𝑥 𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑝(𝑥) = 2 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥

𝑦𝑒 2𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢

𝑢=𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥
2
1 1
∫ 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2
1 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
∫ 𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 − 𝑒 + 𝐶
2 4
1 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
𝑦𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 − 𝑒 + 𝐶
2 4
 9

1 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
𝑥𝑒 𝑒 𝐶
𝑦 = 2 2𝑥 − 4 2𝑥 + 2𝑥
𝑒 𝑒 𝑒
𝟏 𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒙 − + 𝑪𝒆−𝟐𝒙
𝟐 𝟒

2. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES POR SEPARACIÓN DE VARIABLES

1)
𝒚+𝟏
𝒚´ =
𝒙
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑦+1 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
𝑦+1 𝑥
ln|𝑦 + 1| = ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑦 + 1 = 𝑒 ln|𝑥|+𝐶
𝑦 + 1 = 𝐶𝑒 ln|𝑥|
𝑦 + 1 = 𝐶𝑥
𝒚 = 𝑪𝒙 − 𝟏

2)
𝒚´ = 𝒆𝟑𝒙+𝟐𝒚
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒 3𝑥+2𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒 3𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2𝑦
= 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 10

∫ 𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
− ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑦 (−2𝑑𝑦) = ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 3𝑑𝑥
2 3
1 1
− 𝑒 −2𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐶
2 3
−𝟑𝒆−𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐𝒆𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔𝑪

3)
𝒅𝒚
𝒆𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒆−𝒚 + 𝒆−𝟐𝒙−𝒚
𝒅𝒙
𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑦 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑦 (1 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 (1 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
=
𝑒 −𝑦 𝑒𝑥
𝑒 𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑒 𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑢=𝑦 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑦
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑦 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑦

∫ 𝑒 𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝐶

1
𝑦𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑒 𝑦 = −𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑒 −3𝑥 + 𝐶
3
𝟏
𝒆𝒚 − 𝒚𝒆𝒚 = 𝒆−𝒙 + 𝒆−𝟑𝒙 + 𝑪
𝟑

4)
(𝟒𝒚 + 𝒚𝒙𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 − (𝟐𝒙 + 𝒙𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎
(4𝑦 + 𝑦𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑦(4 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥(2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥
 11

𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
=
2+𝑦 4 + 𝑥2
𝑦 𝑥
∫ 2
𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2+𝑦 4 + 𝑥2
1 1
ln|2 + 𝑦 2 | = ln|4 + 𝑥 2 | + C
2 2
ln|2 + 𝑦 2 | = ln|4 + 𝑥 2 | + C
2 |+C
2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑒 ln|4+𝑥
2|
2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶𝑒 ln|4+𝑥
2 + 𝑦 2 = C[4 + 𝑥 2 ]
𝑦 2 = C[4 + 𝑥 2 ] − 2

𝒚 = ±√𝐂[𝟒 + 𝒙𝟐 ] − 𝟐

5)
(𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 = 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙
(1 + 𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑦 =
𝑦 (1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑦 −2 =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
(𝑦 −2 + 1) 𝑑𝑦 =
(1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
∫(𝑦 −2 + 1) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫
(1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫
(1 + 𝑥 2 )
−𝑦 −1 + 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝒚 − 𝒚−𝟏 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪
 12

6)
𝟐𝒚(𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑥
2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑥
∫ 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑢 =𝑥+1 𝑥 =𝑢−1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑢−1
2 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
𝑦2 𝑢 1
2 ( ) = ∫ 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ 𝑑𝑢
2 𝑢 𝑢
𝑦 2 = 𝑢 − ln|𝑢| + 𝐶
𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 1 − ln|𝑥 + 1| + 𝐶
𝒚 = ±√𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝐥𝐧|𝒙 + 𝟏| + 𝑪

7)
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒚 = (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙
𝑦2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 2
𝑦+1 𝑥
𝑢 =𝑦+1 𝑦 =𝑢−1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑦 2 = (𝑢 − 1)2
(𝑢 − 1)2
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝑢
𝑢2 − 2𝑢 + 1
∫( ) 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝑢
𝑢2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑑𝑢 − 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ = ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 𝑢 𝑢
𝑢2
− 2𝑢 + ln|𝑢| = −𝑥 −1 + C
2
(𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝟏
− 𝟐(𝒚 + 𝟏) + 𝐥𝐧|𝒚 + 𝟏| = − + 𝐂
𝟐 𝒙
 13

8)
𝒅𝒙 𝒚+𝟏 𝟐
𝒚 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| =( )
𝒅𝒚 𝒙
𝑑𝑥 (𝑦 + 1)2
𝑦 ln|𝑥| =
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
(𝑦 + 1)2
𝑦 ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2
(𝑦 + 1)2
𝑥 2 ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑦
𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1
∫ 𝑥 2 ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦

∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑢 = ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 2
1 𝑥3
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣= 3

𝑥3 𝑥3 1
∫ 𝑥 2 ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥| − ∫ ( ) ( ) 𝑑𝑥
3 3 𝑥
𝑥3 1 𝑥3 𝑥3
= ln|𝑥| − ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥| −
3 3 3 9
𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑦2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
ln|𝑥| − = ∫ 𝑑𝑦 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫
3 9 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝑥3 𝑥3 𝑦2
ln|𝑥| − = + 2𝑦 + ln|𝑦| + 𝐶
3 9 2
𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟑
+ 𝟐𝒚 + 𝐥𝐧|𝒚| = 𝐥𝐧|𝒙| − + 𝐂
𝟐 𝟑 𝟗

9)
𝒅𝒚
= 𝒚 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
 14

𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
ln|𝑦| = − cos 𝑥 + C
𝑦 = 𝑒 − cos 𝑥+𝐶
𝒚 = 𝑪𝒆− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

10)
𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒚𝟐
𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝒙) 𝒚´ + =𝟎
𝒚
𝑑𝑦 csc 𝑦 2
sec(𝑥) + =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 csc 𝑦 2
sec(𝑥) =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 csc 𝑦 2 1
= (− )( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 sec 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 csc 𝑦 2 cos 𝑥
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 = − cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
csc 𝑦 2
sin(𝑦 2 ) 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ sin(𝑦 2 ) 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
∫ sin(𝑦 2 ) 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ sin(𝑦 2 ) 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = cos 𝑦 2 + C
2 2
1
cos 𝑦 2 = − sin 𝑥 + C
2
𝑦 2 = cos −1(2 sin 𝑥 + 𝐶)

𝒚 = ±√𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝑪)
 15

3. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES CON CONDICIÓN INICIAL

1)
𝟏 + 𝒆−𝟑𝒙 𝒚´ = 𝟎 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟏
𝑑𝑦
1 + 𝑒 −3𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑒 −3𝑥 = −1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
= − −3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑒
𝑑𝑦 = −𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑦 = − 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝐶
3
1
1 = − 𝑒 3(0) + 𝐶
3
1
1=− +𝐶
3
1 4
𝐶 = 1+ =
3 3
𝟏 𝟒
𝒚 = − 𝒆𝟑𝒙 +
𝟑 𝟑

2)
𝒚´ = 𝒆𝟐𝒚 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒚(𝟎) = 𝟎
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒 2𝑦 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑦 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2𝑦
𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
− 𝑒 −2𝑦 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
2
 16

𝑒 −2𝑦 = −2(− cos 𝑥 + 𝐶)

𝑒 −2𝑦 = 2 cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
−2𝑦 = ln|2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶|
1
𝑦 = − ln|2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶|
2
1
0 = − ln|2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0 + 𝐶|
2
1
0 = − ln|2(1) + 𝐶|
2
−2(0) = ln|2 + 𝐶|
0 = ln|2 + 𝐶|
𝑒0 = 2 + 𝐶
𝐶 =1−2
𝐶 = −1
𝟏
𝒚 = − 𝐥𝐧|𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝟏|
𝟐

3)
𝒚´ = 𝐥𝐧|𝒙𝒚 | 𝒚(𝟏) = 𝟏
𝑑𝑦
= ln|𝑥 𝑦 |
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = ln|𝑥 𝑦 | 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
𝑦

∫ ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑢 = ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣=𝑥
 17

1
∫ ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − ∫ 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

∫ ln|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − 𝑥 + 𝐶

ln|𝑦| = 𝑥𝑙𝑛|𝑥| − 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥𝑙𝑛|𝑥|−𝑥+𝐶 = 𝑒 ln|𝑥| 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝐶
𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝐶
𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥
1 = 𝐶11 𝑒 −1
𝐶1
1=
𝑒
𝐶=𝑒
𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥
𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙 𝒆𝟏−𝒙

4)
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒗
𝒖´ = 𝒖(𝟎) = 𝝅
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖
𝑑𝑢 sin 𝑣
=
𝑑𝑣 cos 𝑢
sin 𝑣
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑣
cos 𝑢
cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = sin 𝑣 𝑑𝑣

∫ cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ sin 𝑣 𝑑𝑣

sin 𝑢 = − cos 𝑣 + 𝐶
𝑢 = sin−1 (− cos 𝑣 + 𝐶)
𝜋 = sin−1 (− cos 0 + 𝐶)
𝜋 = sin−1 (−1 + 𝐶)
sin 𝜋 = −1 + 𝐶
𝐶 = sin 𝜋 + 1 = 0 + 1
𝐶=1
𝒖 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒗 + 𝟏)
 18

5)
𝒓𝜽 + 𝒓
𝒓´ = 𝒓(𝟏) = 𝒆
𝒓𝜽 + 𝜽
𝑑𝑟 𝑟𝜃 + 𝑟
=
𝑑𝜃 𝑟𝜃 + 𝜃
𝑟𝜃 + 𝑟
𝑑𝑟 = 𝑑𝜃
𝑟𝜃 + 𝜃
𝑟(𝜃 + 1)
𝑑𝑟 = 𝑑𝜃
𝜃(𝑟 + 1)
(𝑟 + 1) (𝜃 + 1)
𝑑𝑟 = 𝑑𝜃
𝑟 𝜃
𝑟+1 𝜃+1
∫( ) 𝑑𝑟 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝜃
𝑟 𝜃
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
∫ 𝑑𝑟 + ∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝜃 + ∫
𝑟 𝑟 𝜃 𝜃
𝑟 + ln|𝑟| = 𝜃 + ln|𝜃| + 𝐶
𝑒 + ln|𝑒| = 1 + ln|1| + 𝐶
𝑒+1=1+0+𝐶
𝐶 =𝑒+1−1
𝐶=𝑒
𝒓 + 𝐥𝐧|𝒓| = 𝜽 + 𝐥𝐧|𝜽| + 𝒆

4. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES HOMOGÉNEAS

1)
𝒙 𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑
𝒚´ =
𝒙𝒚𝟐
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 3+ 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
 19

𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑣 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥 𝑣=𝑥

[𝑥 3 + (𝑥𝑣)3 ]𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥(𝑥𝑣)2 (𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥) = 0

(𝑥 3 + 𝑥 3 𝑣 3 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑣 2 (𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥) = 0
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 4 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑥 3 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 4 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 4 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣
𝑥3
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣
𝑥4
𝑑𝑥
∫ = ∫ 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣
𝑥
𝑣3
ln|𝑥| = +𝐶
3
𝑦 3
( ⁄𝑥)
ln|𝑥| = +𝐶
3
𝑦 3⁄
ln|𝑥| = 𝑥3 + 𝐶
3
𝑦3
ln|𝑥| = 3 + 𝐶
3𝑥
𝑦3
ln|𝑥| − 𝐶 =
3𝑥 3
3𝑥 3 (ln|𝑥| − 𝐶) = 𝑦 3
𝟑𝒙𝟑 (𝐥𝐧|𝒙| − 𝑪) − 𝒚𝟑 = 𝟎

2)

(𝒚 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑣 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥 𝑣=𝑥

[𝑥𝑣 + √𝑥 2 + (𝑥𝑣)2 ] 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥(𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥) = 0

𝑥𝑣 𝑑𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑥𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 0
√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 = 0

√𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑣 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣
 20

𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
2
=
𝑥 √1 + 𝑣 2
ln|𝑥| = ln |𝑣 + √𝑣 2 + 1| + 𝐶

𝑦 𝑦
ln|𝑥| = ln [ + √ + 1] + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
ln[ +√ +1]+𝐶 ln[ +√ +1]
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝐶
𝑥=𝑒 =𝑒 𝑒

𝑦 𝑦2 𝑦 𝑦2 + 𝑥2
𝑥 = 𝐶 ( + √ 2 + 1) = 𝐶 ( + √ )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2

𝑦 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
𝑥 = 𝐶( + )
𝑥 𝑥
𝐶
𝑥= (𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑥
𝒙𝟐 = 𝑪 (𝒚 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )

3)
𝒚 𝒚
(𝒙 + 𝒚𝒆𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑣 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥 𝑣=𝑥

(𝑥 + 𝑥𝑣𝑒 𝑣 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑒 𝑣 (𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥) = 0

𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑣𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑥𝑣𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
∫ = ∫ 𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑥
ln|𝑥| = 𝑒 𝑣 + 𝐶
𝑦
ln|𝑥| = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦
ln|𝑥| − 𝐶 = 𝑒 𝑥
 21

𝑦
= ln(𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶)
𝑥
𝒚 = 𝒙 𝐥𝐧(𝒍𝒏|𝒙| + 𝑪)

4)
𝒚(𝒍𝒏𝒙 − 𝒍𝒏𝒚)𝒅𝒙 = (𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 − 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒚 − 𝒚)𝒅𝒚
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 (𝑙𝑛 ) 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥𝑙𝑛 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑦𝑣 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦 𝑣=𝑦

𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑣(𝑦𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑦) = (𝑦𝑣𝑙𝑛𝑣 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦

𝑦 2 𝑙𝑛𝑣𝑑𝑣 = −𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑙𝑛𝑣𝑑𝑣 = −
𝑦2
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑙𝑛𝑣𝑑𝑣 = − ∫
𝑦

∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑣
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑣=𝑣
1
∫ 𝑙𝑛𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣𝑙𝑛𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 ( ) 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣𝑙𝑛𝑣 − ∫ 𝑑𝑣
𝑣
𝑣𝑙𝑛𝑣 − 𝑣 = −𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑙𝑛 − = −𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
(𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛𝑦) − = −𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 [ (𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛𝑦) − = −𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝐶]
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥(𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛𝑦) − 𝑥 = −𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦
𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝐶𝑦
𝒙(𝒍𝒏𝒙 − 𝟏) + (𝒚 − 𝒙)𝒍𝒏𝒚 = 𝑪𝒚
 22

5)
𝒚
(𝒚 + 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐭 ) 𝒅𝒙 − 𝒙𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒙
𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑣 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥 𝑣=𝑥

(𝑥𝑣 + 𝑥 cot 𝑣)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥(𝑥𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑥) = 0

𝑥𝑣𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 cot 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑥𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 cot 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣 = 0
𝑥 cot 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑣
𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
2
=
𝑥 cot 𝑣
𝑑𝑥
∫ = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑥
ln|𝑥| = − ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑣| + 𝐶
𝑦
ln|𝑥| = − ln |𝑐𝑜𝑠 | + 𝐶
𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 = 𝑒 − ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 |+𝐶 = 𝑒 − ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 | 𝑒 𝐶
𝑦 −1 𝑦
ln|𝑐𝑜𝑠 |
𝑥= 𝐶𝑒 𝑥 = 𝐶 cos −1
𝑥
𝑦
𝑥 cos =𝐶
𝑥
𝑦
cos = 𝐶𝑥 −1
𝑥
𝑦
= cos −1 (𝐶𝑥 −1 )
𝑥
𝒚 = 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 (𝑪𝒙−𝟏 )

5. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES EXACTAS

1)
(𝒚 + 𝟐)𝒅𝒙 + (𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 )𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝜕 𝜕
𝑀= 𝑁
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
 23

𝜕
(𝑦 + 2) = 1
𝜕𝑦
𝜕
(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) = 1
𝜕𝑥

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫(𝑦 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝜕
[𝑦𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)] = 𝑥 + 𝑔´(𝑦)
𝜕𝑥
𝑥 + 𝑔´(𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 2
𝑔´(𝑦) = 𝑦 2
𝑦3
𝑔(𝑦) = ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = +𝐶
3
𝑦3
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦𝑥 + 2𝑥 + +𝐶
3
𝒚𝟑
𝒚𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 + =𝑪
𝟑

2)
𝟐𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒅𝒓 + (𝟐𝒕 + 𝒓𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕)𝒅𝒕 = 𝟎
𝑀𝑑𝑟 + 𝑁𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝜕 𝜕
𝑀= 𝑁
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑟
𝜕
(2𝑟 sin 𝑡) = 2𝑟 cos 𝑡
𝜕𝑡
𝜕
(2𝑡 + 𝑟 2 cos 𝑡) = 2𝑟 cos 𝑡
𝜕𝑟

𝑓(𝑟, 𝑡) = ∫ 2𝑟 sin 𝑡 𝑑𝑟 = 2 sin 𝑡 ∫ 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 = 𝑟 2 sin 𝑡 + 𝑔(𝑡)

𝜕 2
[𝑟 sin 𝑡 + 𝑔(𝑡)] = 𝑟 2 cos 𝑡 + 𝑔´(𝑡)
𝜕𝑡
𝑟 2 cos 𝑡 + 𝑔´(𝑡) = 2𝑡 + 𝑟 2 cos 𝑡
𝑔´(𝑡) = 2𝑡
𝑡2
𝑔(𝑡) = ∫ 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 2 ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 2 ( ) = 𝑡 2 + 𝐶
2
𝑓(𝑟, 𝑡) = 𝑟 2 sin 𝑡 + 𝑡 2 + 𝐶
 24

𝒓𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 + 𝒕𝟐 = 𝑪

3)
𝒙𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝒙 + (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝜕 𝜕
𝑀= 𝑁
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕
(𝑥𝑦 2 ) = 2𝑥
𝜕𝑦
𝜕
(1 + 𝑥 2 𝑦) = 2𝑥
𝜕𝑥
2 2
𝑦2𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑔(𝑦)
2
𝜕 𝑦2𝑥2
[ + 𝑔(𝑦)] = 𝑦𝑥 2 + 𝑔´(𝑦)
𝜕𝑦 2
𝑦𝑥 2 + 𝑔´(𝑦) = 1 + 𝑥 2 𝑦
𝑔´(𝑦) = 1

𝑔(𝑦) = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 + 𝐶

𝑦2𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = +𝑦+𝐶
2
𝒚𝟐 𝒙 𝟐
+𝒚=𝑪
𝟐

4)
(𝒚𝟐 𝒆𝒙 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎
𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝜕 𝜕
𝑀= 𝑁
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕 2 𝑥
(𝑦 𝑒 − cos 𝑥) = 2𝑦𝑒 𝑥
𝜕𝑥
𝜕
(2𝑦𝑒 𝑥 ) = 2𝑦𝑒 𝑥
𝜕𝑥
 25

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 2𝑦𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 2 + 𝑔(𝑥)

𝜕 𝑥 2
[𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑦 2 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑔´(𝑥)
𝜕𝑥
𝑦 2 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑔´(𝑥) = 𝑦 2 𝑒 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
𝑔´(𝑥) = − cos 𝑥

𝑔(𝑥) = ∫ − cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 2 − sin 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 = 𝑪

6. ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES DE BERNOULLI

1)
𝒅𝒚
− 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒆𝒙 𝒚𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦
𝑃0 (𝑥) + 𝑃1 (𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑦 1−𝑛 = 𝑦1−2 = 𝑦 −1
1 1
𝑢=𝑦 𝑢𝑦 = 1 𝑦 = 𝑢 = 𝑢−1

𝑦´ = −𝑢−2 𝑢´
−𝑢−2 𝑢´−𝑢−1 = 2𝑒 𝑥 (−𝑢−1 )2
−𝑢−2 𝑢´−𝑢−1 = 2𝑒 𝑥 −𝑢−2
(−𝑢2 )(−𝑢−2 𝑢´−𝑢−1 = 2𝑒 𝑥 −𝑢−2 )
𝑢´ − 𝑢 = −2𝑒 𝑥

𝑦𝜇 = ∫ 𝑞(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥

𝑢𝑒 𝑥 = ∫ −2𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 2𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶
 26

−𝑒 2𝑥 𝐶
𝑢= + 𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑒
𝑢 = −𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥
𝑦 −1 = −𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 −𝑥
𝟏
𝒚=
−𝒆𝒙 + 𝑪𝒆−𝒙

2)
𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝒚´ − 𝒚 =
𝒚𝟐
𝑑𝑦
𝑃0 (𝑥) + 𝑃1 (𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑦´ − 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 −2
𝑢 = 𝑦 1−𝑛 = 𝑦1−(−2)
1 2
1
𝑢 = 𝑦3 𝑦 = 𝑢3 𝑦´ = 𝑢−3 𝑢´
3

1 −2 1 1 −2
2
𝑥𝑢 3 𝑢´ − 𝑢3 = 𝑥 (𝑢3 )
3
1 −2 1 2
𝑥𝑢 3 𝑢´ − 𝑢3 = 𝑥 2 𝑢−3
3
2 1 2 1 2
(3𝑢3 ) ( 𝑥𝑢−3 𝑢´ − 𝑢3 = 𝑥 2 𝑢−3 )
3
(𝑥 −1 )(𝑥𝑢´ − 3𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 )
3
𝑢´ − 𝑢 = 3𝑥
𝑥
𝑦´ + 𝑝(𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)
3
𝑝(𝑥) = −
𝑥
𝑞(𝑥) = 3𝑥

𝑦𝜇 = ∫ 𝑞(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
3 𝑑𝑥 −3
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ −𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −3 ∫ 𝑥 = 𝑒 −3 ln|𝑥| = 𝑒 ln|𝑥| = 𝑥 −3
 27

𝑥 −1
𝑢𝑥 −3 = ∫ 3𝑥 𝑥 −3 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ( )+𝐶
−1
(𝑥 3 )(𝑢𝑥 −3 = −3𝑥 −1 + 𝐶)
𝑢 = −3𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑥 3
𝑦 3 = −3𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑥 3
𝟑
𝒚 = √−𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝑪𝒙𝟑

3)
𝒙𝒚´ + 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙√𝒚
𝑑𝑦
𝑃0 (𝑥) + 𝑃1 (𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 𝑛
𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥𝑦´ + 𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑦 2
1 1
𝑢 = 𝑦 1−𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑦1−2 = 𝑦 2
𝑦 = 𝑢2 𝑦´ = 2𝑢 𝑢´
1
( 𝑥 −1 𝑢−1 )(2𝑥𝑢 𝑢´ + 𝑢2 = 3𝑥𝑢)
2
1 3
𝑢´ + 𝑥 −1 𝑢 =
2 2

𝑦𝜇 = ∫ 𝑞(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 1 𝑑𝑥 1 1 1
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2 ∫ 𝑥 = 𝑒 2 ln|𝑥| = 𝑒 ln|𝑥| 2 = 𝑥 2
1 3 1 3 1 3
𝑢𝑥 2 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝐶
2 2
3
𝑥2 𝐶 𝐶
𝑢= 1 + 1 =𝑥+
𝑥2 𝑥2 √𝑥
1 𝐶
𝑦2 = 𝑥 +
√𝑥
𝟐
𝑪
𝒚 = (𝒙 + )
√𝒙
 28

4)
𝒚´ + 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒚𝟐
𝑑𝑦
𝑃0 (𝑥) + 𝑃1 (𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑦 1−𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑦1−2 = 𝑦 −1
𝑦 = 𝑢−1 𝑦´ = −𝑢−2 𝑢´
−𝑢−2 𝑢´ + 𝑢−1 = 𝑥(𝑢−1 )2
(−𝑢2 )(−𝑢−2 𝑢´ + 𝑢−1 = 𝑥𝑢−2 )
𝑢´ − 𝑢 = −𝑥

𝑦𝜇 = ∫ 𝑞(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜇 = 𝑒 ∫ −1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥

𝑢𝑒 −𝑥 = ∫ −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

𝑢=𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = −𝑒 −𝑥

− ∫ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − (−𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − ∫(−𝑒 −𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥)

− ∫ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑢𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝐶
𝑢 = −𝑥 + −𝑥 + −𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥
𝑒 𝑒 𝑒
𝑦 −1 = 𝑥 + 1 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥
𝟏
𝒚=
𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝑪𝒆𝒙