Epoxy Curing Agents and Modifiers

ANQUAMINE® 287 Waterborne Curing Agent

DESCRIPTION TABLE 1: TYPICAL PROPERTIES

Anquamine 287 curing agent is a novel water-based epoxy

Amber to greenish
Appearance
curing agent designed for use in two part epoxy systems with liquid
standard liquid and modified liquid epoxy resins without the Color (Gardner) 3 12
addition of emulsifiers. It provides superior performance in a Viscosity 1 @ 77°F, mPa*s 2 400-1,000

wide range o f applications. Specific Gravity4 @ 77°F (g/cm3) 1.08

Amine Value (mg KOH/g) 155-175
Anquamine 287 based primers exhibit excellent adhesion to Equivalent Wt/{H} 240
green concrete and penetration properties that outperform Total Solids Content, % by Wt 49-51
other water-based curing agent technology. It also can be Recommended Use Level (phr, EEW=190) 125
formulated into a cementitious epoxy floor with excellent
moisture permeability and thermal shock resistance.
TABLE 2: TYPICAL HANDLING PROPERTIES

ADVANTAGES
Pot Life @ 77°F (h) 60-75
• Superior performance in cementitious epoxy flooring Thin Film Set Time @ 77°F (h):
• Excellent adhesion to green concrete Set to Touch 1
• Low formulation viscosity allows excellent penetration of Hard-dry 5
concrete substrate
• Fast drying time and quick return to service
• Zero-VOC
Footnotes:
• Mixes easily with water and resin
• Can be brushed, rolled or spray applied (1) ASTM D 445-83, Brookfield, RVTD, Spindle 4
• Good through-cure (2) 1 mPa*s = 1 cPs
• Easy to clean up
(3) ASTM D 1544-80
(4) ASTM D 1475-85
APPLICATIONS
• Cementitious epoxy flooring
• Primer/sealer for green concrete
• Concrete curing compound
• Primer for old and new concrete

SHELF LIFE
At least 12 months from the date of manufacture in the
original sealed container at ambient temperatures.

STORAGE AND HANDLING

Refer to the Safety Data Sheet for Anquamine 287
curing agent.

©Evonik Corporation, 2017 | ANQUAMINE 287 CURING AGENT | June 2017 1/5
 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA PRIMER FOR GREEN CONCRETE
Anquamine 287 curing agent-based primer formulations meets the ASTM 309 requirement (water loss of 0.55 kg/m2 maximum)
for use as a concrete curing compound. Unlike traditional sealers, a sealer based on this product does not need to be removed
before applying additional floor coatings.

Following is a recommended formulation for an Anquamine 287 curing agent-based primer for application on green concrete:

Parts by Weight
Part A Liquid Epoxy Resin (EEW=190) 190
Part B Anquamine 287 Curing Agent 240
DI Water 190

To develop the formulation, mix the liquid epoxy resin into the Anquamine 287 curing agent. This will result in a thick emulsion.
Mix the emulsion thoroughly, and then add the water slowly in four portions, making sure that each portion is properly
incorporated before the next one is added. The primer will now be 50% solids in water. It may be thinned with additional water to
40% solids if desired.

The resin may be diluted with Epodil™ 746 or Epodil 748 diluents (preferred), or other glycidyl ether diluents. In this example, the
resin used was a combination of a Bisphenol-A/Bisphenol-F resin (60/40 by weight) diluted with 18-20% Epodil 746 diluent.

The resulting emulsion can be brushed or rolled onto the concrete. It can also be sprayed or applied with a squeegee.

The bond strength results shown below were obtained after applying the above primer formulation to freshly poured concrete (24
hours after the trowel and broom finish and three days from pour to allow for the mild shot blast finish). When the primer was
applied, the concrete surface was damp but not wet (i.e., no puddles were visible).

Anquamine 287 curing agent has been designed for application on green concrete to seal the surface and to improve the physical
properties of the concrete by allowing proper hydration. Its use on metal surfaces has not been studied other than to determine the
reverse and forward impact resistance.

TABLE 3: BOND STRENGTH (IN PSI) TO GREEN CONCRETE WITH VARIATION IN TIME AND CONCRETE FINISH

Concrete Finish
Steel Troweled Broom Finished Shot Blast Finished
Cure Time
Primer Unprimed Control Primer Unprimed Control Primer Unprimed Control
1 Day 369 Not done Not done Not done Not done Not done
7 Days 462 Not done 348 155 286 140
30 Days 564 Not done 405 109 385 278
90 Days 357 Not done 357 78 366 241

Note: For the steel troweled finish, the concrete formulation had a water/cement ratio of 0.4, while the broom and shot blast
finishes had a water/cement ratio of 0.6. The concrete formulations used can be made available upon request.

©Evonik Corporation, 2017 | ANQUAMINE 287 CURING AGENT | June 2017 2/5
 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
DEEP PENETRATING PRIMER
Following is a recommended formulation for an Anquamine Following is the recommended formulation for a 2K
287 curing agent-based deep penetrating primer for application Anquamine 287 curing agent based primer for application
on concrete: on concrete:

Parts by Weight Parts by Weight Supplier

Part A Liquid Epoxy Resin (EEW=190) 80 Liquid Epoxy Resin
Part A 50 Various
Part B Anquamine 287 Curing Agent 100 (EEW=190)

Part C DI Water 360 Part B DI Water 36.5

Polyphobe®
3.54 Coatex, Inc.
TR-115
Anquamine 287
60 Evonik
To develop the formulation, mix the liquid epoxy resin into Curing Agent
the Anquamine 287 curing agent. This will result in a thick
emulsion. Mix the emulsion thoroughly, and then add the
water slowly in four portions, making sure that each portion To develop the formulation, mix the Polyphobe into the water
is properly incorporated before the next one is added. The and then add in the Anquamine 287 curing agent. This will
primer will now be 24% solids in water. have to sit at least overnight. After proper conditioning time,
mix the liquid epoxy resin into the Anquamine 287 mixture.
The resulting emulsion can be brushed or rolled onto the
This will result in an emulsion. Mix the emulsion thoroughly.
concrete. It can also be sprayed or applied with a squeegee.
The primer will now be 54% solids in water and can be
With a very low viscosity of 10 cP, the penetration of this
further diluted with water if desired.
Anquamine 287 curing agent based primer is much deeper
than standard water based epoxy primer.

The bond strength results shown below were obtained after SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
applying the above formulation to old concrete block. When CEMENTITIOUS EPOXY FLOORING
the primer was applied, the block was free of contamination Anquamine 287 curing agent can be used with liquid epoxy
and no additional surface preparation technique was applied resin and cement containing aggregates to formulate a self
leveling grade or trowel grade flooring. Key advantages of
such formulations are:
TABLE 4: BOND STRENGTH (IN PSI) TO CONCRETE
WITH MODE OF FAILURE • Rapid development of hardness even at lower temperature
with a 50% reduction in time to foot traffic compared to
Primer Cure Time Bond Strength Mode of Failure traditional cementitious urethane-based flooring
7 days @ 77°F 400 Substrate
• Longer pot life (up to 4 times) compared to traditional
30 days @ 77°F 400 Substrate
cementitious urethane-based flooring formulations

• Good workability and easy clean up

It is important in the above formulation that the Anquamine
• Moisture insensitivity
287 is not diluted prior to mixing with the epoxy resin. By
doing this the viscosity becomes too low for the curing agent • Excellent moisture permeability compared to typical
to be able to emulsify the resin and produce a viable coating. cementitious urethane-based flooring
A two component primer formulation can be made by adding
• Good surface appearance compared to pinhole issues with
a thixotropic agent to the curing agent along with dilution.
traditional cementitious urethane-based flooring

• Good chemical resistance

• Good thermal shock resistance

• Good hot oil resistance

©Evonik Corporation, 2017 | ANQUAMINE 287 CURING AGENT | June 2017 3/5
 Following is a starting point formulation for self leveling floors:

Parts by Weight Supplier

Part A Liquid Epoxy Resin (EEW=190) 22.0 Various
Part B Anquamine 287 Curing Agent 27.7 Evonik
Surfynol® TG Surfactant 1.5 Evonik
PartC Type 1 White Portland Cement 27.7 Various
Medium aggregate
15.89 US Silica
(~25 AFS GFN) - #2 Q-ROK®
Coarse aggregate
37.92 US Silica
(~15 AFS GFN) - #3 Q-ROK®
Fine aggregate
29.79 US Silica
(~60 AFS GFN) – NJ 60 Sand

Thoroughly mix A and B sides to make an emulsion, then slowly add C side while mixing to ensure the aggregate blend is
thoroughly mixed and completely wetted.

The starting point formulation can be further optimized to achieve desired handling and/or physical properties by using
accelerating or retarding agents as well as adjusting the aggregate blend, adjusting the water to cement ratio, and using other
flow control additives. Some of these modifications were attempted and resulting data is provided in the information below.

The starting point formulation was tested for key handling and performance properties including hardness development,
chemical resistance, thermal shock resistance, and moisture vapor permeability.

Hardness Development: The Anquamine 287 curing agent-based formulation demonstrates excellent hardness development
with foot traffic allowable on the floor in as little as 4 hours. This is a 50% reduction compared to standard cementitious
urethane based flooring. Lowering the water to cement ratio will further quicken the hardness development in the formulation.

2 hr 4 hr 8 hr 24 hr 2 day 5 day 7 day

Shore D @ 25°C 45 53 70 71 73 73 80
Shore D @ 5°C — — — 63 71 71 80

Compressive Strength: The ultimate compressive strength of the Anquamine 287 curing agent-based formulation is 5400 psi
compared to ~7500 psi for the standard urethane based flooring. Although this number is lower it is still much higher than
concrete alone and will provide adequate protection to the concrete flooring underneath. Similar to hardness development the
compressive strength of the Anquamine 287 curing agent based formulation can be increased by adjusting the formulation.
Compressive strength can be increased by lowering the water to cement ratio or by using different grades of cement which
achieve higher compressive numbers than Type 1 White Portland Cement.

Chemical and Stain Resistance: A chemical resistance study was performed using a standard spot test method and a standard
immersion test method.

Spot test (ASTM D1308): Several products/chemicals were placed on a sample of the starting point formulation after a 7 day cure.
The chemicals were covered by watch glass. After twenty-four hours at 22°C, the exposed area was examined for physical damage.

Products/Chemical Observation
Mustard Slight darkening
Ketchup No damage to the exposed surface
Lactic acid No damage to the exposed surface
Vinegar No damage to the exposed surface
Lemon juice No damage to the exposed surface

©Evonik Corporation, 2017 | ANQUAMINE 287 CURING AGENT | June 2017 4/5
 Epoxy Curing Agents and Modifiers

ANQUAMINE® 287 Waterborne Curing Agent

Immersion test (ASTM G20-10): Samples of the starting point Water Vapor Permeability: Following the ASTM E96 -95
formulation after a 7 day cure were fully immersed in the test method (wet cup), accelerated moisture vapor
following chemicals for twenty-four hours at 25°C. The permeability was tested at 40°C. For this test, 3/8” thick
samples were tested for Shore D hardness, immersed in the samples were used following a 7 day cure. The following
chemical for 24 hours, removed from the chemical and tested chart shows that the Anquamine 287 curing agent-based
for Shore D hardness after a 24 hour recovery period. model formulation has better permeability than typical
cementitious urethane-based system.
Products/Chemical Hardness, Shore D
5
Initial 72
4
10% acetic acid 69
Weight 3
30% nitric acid 72 loss (%)
2
Sodium hypochlorite 72
1
60% perchloric acid 71
0
1 2 3 7 10 20 30 40
Time (Days)

Anquamine 287 Curing Agent-Based System

Typical Urethane-Based System

EVONIK CORPORATION Disclaimer

7201 Hamilton Blvd. The information contained herein is offered without
charge for use by technically qualified personnel at
Allentown, PA 18195
their discretion and risk. All statements, technical
1 800 345-3148 information and recommendations contained herein
Outside U.S. and Canada 1 610 481-6799 are based on tests and data which we believe to be
reliable, but the accuracy or completeness thereof is
For Technical Information and Support: not guaranteed and no warranty of any kind is made
Americas: picus@evonik.com with respect thereto.
EMEA: apcse@evonik.com

©Evonik Corporation, 2017 | ANQUAMINE 287 CURING AGENT | June 2017 5/5 125-12-005-US