PISTON

Empirical Relations:

t2 = 0.7t1 to t1 Permissible Bending (tensile) Stress (σt )

b1 = tH to 1.2 th Sl.No Material Value

1 Grey CI 35 Mpa to 40 Mpa
b2 = 0.75t2 to t2 2. Nickel CI 50 Mpa to 90 Mpa
3. Aluminium alloy 60 Mpa to 100Mpa
tR = tH/3 to tH/2
Heat Conductivity Factor (k)
G1 = 3.5 t1 to 4t1
Sl.No Material Value
G2 = 0.002D to 0.004D 1 Grey CI 46.6 W/m/0C
2. Nickel CI 51.25 W/m/0C
b = t1 + 0.4 3. Aluminium alloy 174.75 W/m/0C

t3 = 0.03D + b + 4.5 mm Temperature Difference (TC – TE)

t4 = 0.25t3 to 0.35t3 Sl.No Material Value

1 Grey CI 2200C
l = 0.65D to 0.8D 2. Nickel CI 2200C
3. Aluminium alloy 750C
l1 = 0.45D
Higher Calorific Value(HCV)
L = l +(4t2 + 3b2) +b1
Sl.No Material Value
R = FG /10 1. Diesel 45 x 103KJ/Kg
2. Petrol 47 x 103KJ/Kg
di = 0.6d0 Allowable Bending (Tensile) Stress (σt )

Centre of the Pin = 0.02D to 0.04D Sl.No Parts Value

1. Piston Ring 85 Mpa to 110 Mpa
Piston Head Thickness: Allowable Bending Stress (σb ) Piston Pin
tH = √(3 p D2/16 σt) Sl.No Material Value
1. Case hardened 84 Mpa
= H/(12.56 k (TC – TE))
carbon steel
H = C x HCV x m x BP 2. Heat treated 140 Mpa
alloy steel
Radial Thickness:t1= D √(3 pw/ σt) Pressure on the Gas Cylinder Wall (pw)

Minimum axial Thickness:t2= D/ 10 nR Sl.No Parts Value

1. Piston Ring 0.025 Mpa to 0.042Mpa
Maximum Gas Load: Bearing pressure (pb1)

FG = (π/4) D2 x p Sl.No Material Value

1. Bronze bush 25 N/mm2
Side Thrust on the Cylinder: 2. Piston skirt 0.45 N/mm2
R = pb x D x l

Load on the Piston pin:

th thickness of the piston head in mm b1 Width of top Land in mm

p maximum gas pressure in N/mm2 b2 Width of other ring Land in mm

D Inside diameter of the Cylinder in mm t3 thickness of the piston barrel in mm
H Heat flow through the piston head in KJ/s b Radial depth of piston ring groove in mm
TC Temperature at the centre of the piston Head l length of the skirt in mm
in 0C
L Total length of the piston in mm
TE Temperature at the edges of the piston Head
in 0C l1 length of the piston pin in the bush of the
small end of the connecting rod in mm
m mass of the fuel used in kg/ BP in KW/ Sec
d0 outside diameter of the piston pin in mm
t1 Radial thickness in mm
di inside diameter of the piston pin in mm
t2 Axial Thickness in mm

nR number of piston rings