PRACTICAL APPROACH

TO PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
Module III - Project Planning
 Agenda
2

Project Scope and WBS

Project Estimation

Project Schedule

Network Diagram

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 Agenda
3

Project Scope and WBS

Project Estimation

Project Schedule

Network Diagram

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 Scope Management Workflow
4

Project
• Deliverables Scope • Pictorial
• Features Representations
• Boundary • Decomposition
• Functions
• Limitations • Outcome Oriented
• Atrributes
• Exclusions
• Constraints
• Performance
Product
Create WBS
Scope

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 Discussion…
5

What is Scope?

Why Scope definition is important?

Should PM define Out of Scope?

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 Key Definitions – Scope
6

Product Scope is the features and functions

that characterize a product, service or end
result

Project Scope is the work that needs to be
accomplished to deliver product, service or
end result with specified features and
functions

Project and Product Scope are part of Scope

Statement
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 What is a WBS?
7

WBS is a deliverable oriented hierarchical

decomposition of the work to be executed by the
project team to accomplish the project objectives
and create the required deliverables.

Organizes and defines total scope of the project

Subdivides the project work into smaller, more,
manageable pieces of work

Helps creating schedules, cost estimates better

The lowest level of the WBS is called “Work Package”

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 WBS – Pictorial Representation
8

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 WBS – Outline Representation
9

Mountain Bike

Wheel Systems
 Hubs
 Rims & spokes

Gearing Systems
 Gears & Chains
…

…

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 WBS – Multimedia Project
10

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 Building a Good WBS
11

Understand the purpose of your project.

Establish the major breakout segments of the
work.

Break down these large pieces into the next level
of components.

Break down each component into
subcomponents.

Continue down to the level where you will assign
and monitor project work.

Hold a review session with core project team,
client, and other
Designed keybystakeholders
and Developed Praveen Malik, PMP to gain buy-in
and identifying missing items.
 Discussion…
12

Which representation of WBS is better?

What are the benefits of building a WBS?

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 Benefits of WBS
13

Accurate estimation of

Duration

Cost

Resources

Development of predictable plan

Assigning Responsibilities

Effective Monitoring and Control

Reducing risk

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 WBS Dictionary
14

Provides detailed information of each WBS

Component such as, but not limited to -

WBS component name and code

Description

Estimates & Schedule

Resource requirements and assignments

Predecessors & Successors

Cost estimates

Quality requirements

Associated Risks

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 Agenda
15

Project Scope and WBS

Project Estimation

Project Schedule

Network Diagram

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 Basic Estimation Process
16

WBS Estimation Project Plan

• Work • Time • Schedule

Packages • Cost • Budget
• Resource • Resource
Deployment
• Procurement

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 Estimation Techniques
17

Expert Judgement

Analogous Estimation

Parametric Estimation

Reserves Analysis

Three Point Estimation

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 Estimation Techniques
18

Analogous Estimation – Similar Projects and/or activities

It uses historical information & expert judgment

It is usually less costly, less time consuming & less accurate

Parametric Estimation – Derived from calculations

It also uses historical information

It is usually more accurate. The accuracy depends on accuracy
of underlying data and sophistication of calculation model.

Reserve Analysis

Involves analysis of including contingency reserves (also referred
to as time reserves or buffers) into overall project schedule to
account for uncertainties

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 Three Point Estimation
19

Three Point Estimation

It is based on 3 different estimations – Optimistic,
Pessimistic & Most Likely

The Expected Duration can be calculated by taking
simple average of these numbers
P+ M +O
ExpectedDuration =
3

Or Expected Duration can be calculated by taking
weighted average. A special method which gives 4
weights to Most Likely and 1 weight each to Optimistic
and Pessimistic is called PERT (Program Evaluation
&Review Technique)
P + 4M + O
ExpectedDuration( ED) =

d 6

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 Discussion…
20

Which is the most appropriate technique for

estimation? Why?

What are some good estimating practices?

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 Agenda
21

Project Scope and WBS

Project Estimation

Project Schedule

Network Diagram

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 Scheduling Guidelines
22
Scope
• Create WBS & WBS Dictionary
• Identify Work Packages
Time
• Decompose Work Packages into
activities
Time
• Define relationship between
Activities & Work Packages
• Sequence Activities & Draw
Network Diagram
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Time
• Optimize & Develop Schedule
• Add contingency reserves
Time
• Apply Schedule, Resource &
other Constraints on estimates
Time
• Estimate Activity Resources
• Estimate Activity Durations
 Schedule Representation
23

Gantt Chart

Network Diagram

Project Calendar

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 Sample Gantt Chart
24

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 Sample Project Calendar
25

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 Agenda
26

Project Scope and WBS

Project Estimation

Project Schedule

Network Diagram

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 What is Network Diagram?
27

A diagram representing chronological

relationship between scheduled activities

Activities are represented as boxes

Milestones are represented as small circles

Activities/milestones are separated by Arrows

Dependencies are represented as Arrows

Arrow head depicts successor activity/milestone

Arrow tail depicts predecessor activity/milestone

Multiple arrows (dependencies) are possible

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 Sample Project Activities
28

A will start after project starts

B will start after A finishes

D will start after project starts

C will start after B and D finish

E will start after D finishes

F will start after E finishes

Project will finish after C and F finish

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 Sample Network Diagram
29

PDM – Precedence Diagramming Method

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 Solving Network Diagram
30

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 Forward Pass
31

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 Forward Pass
32

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 Forward Pass
33

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 Forward Pass
34

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 Forward Pass
35

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 Forward Pass
36

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 Project Duration
37

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 Backward Pass
38

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 Backward Pass
39

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 Backward Pass
40

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 Backward Pass
41

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 Slack & Critical Path
42

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 Slack/Float
43

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 Critical Path
44

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 What is Float or Slack?
45

The total amount of time that a schedule

activity may be delayed from its early start
date without delaying the project finish date

Calculated from the network diagram after
completing a backward pass

Indicates the amount of flexibility the project
manager has to adjust the timing of a particular
activity

Calculated by subtracting early finish from late
finish (or early start from late start)

Total Float = LF – EF OR Float = LS - ES

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 Discussion…
46

Which is better – Gantt Chart or Network

Diagram?

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Any Questions?