Solucionario Thomas Calculo 2 Varias Var PDF

CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARIES
1.1 REAL NUMBERS AND THE REAL LINE

"
1. Executing long division, 9 œ 0.1, 2
9 œ 0.2, 3
9 œ 0.3, 8
9 œ 0.8, 9
9 œ 0.9
"
2. Executing long division, 11 œ 0.09, 2
11 œ 0.18, 3
11 œ 0.27, 9
11 œ 0.81, 11
11 œ 0.99
3. NT = necessarily true, NNT = Not necessarily true. Given: 2 < x < 6.

a) NNT. 5 is a counter example.
b) NT. 2 < x < 6 Ê 2 2 < x 2 < 6 2 Ê 0 < x 2 < 2.
c) NT. 2 < x < 6 Ê 2/2 < x/2 < 6/2 Ê 1 < x < 3.
d) NT. 2 < x < 6 Ê 1/2 > 1/x > 1/6 Ê 1/6 < 1/x < 1/2.
e) NT. 2 < x < 6 Ê 1/2 > 1/x > 1/6 Ê 1/6 < 1/x < 1/2 Ê 6(1/6) < 6(1/x) < 6(1/2) Ê 1 < 6/x < 3.
f) NT. 2 < x < 6 Ê x < 6 Ê (x 4) < 2 and 2 < x < 6 Ê x > 2 Ê x < 2 Ê x + 4 < 2 Ê (x 4) < 2.
The pair of inequalities (x 4) < 2 and (x 4) < 2 Ê | x 4 | < 2.
g) NT. 2 < x < 6 Ê 2 > x > 6 Ê 6 < x < 2. But 2 < 2. So 6 < x < 2 < 2 or 6 < x < 2.
h) NT. 2 < x < 6 Ê 1(2) > 1(x) < 1(6) Ê 6 < x < 2
4. NT = necessarily true, NNT = Not necessarily true. Given: 1 < y 5 < 1.

a) NT. 1 < y 5 < 1 Ê 1 + 5 < y 5 + 5 < 1 + 5 Ê 4 < y < 6.
b) NNT. y = 5 is a counter example. (Actually, never true given that 4 y 6)
c) NT. From a), 1 < y 5 < 1, Ê 4 < y < 6 Ê y > 4.
d) NT. From a), 1 < y 5 < 1, Ê 4 < y < 6 Ê y < 6.
e) NT. 1 < y 5 < 1 Ê 1 + 1 < y 5 + 1 < 1 + 1 Ê 0 < y 4 < 2.
f) NT. 1 < y 5 < 1 Ê (1/2)(1 + 5) < (1/2)(y 5 + 5) < (1/2)(1 + 5) Ê 2 < y/2 < 3.
g) NT. From a), 4 < y < 6 Ê 1/4 > 1/y > 1/6 Ê 1/6 < 1/y < 1/4.
h) NT. 1 < y 5 < 1 Ê y 5 > 1 Ê y > 4 Ê y < 4 Ê y + 5 < 1 Ê (y 5) < 1.
Also, 1 < y 5 < 1 Ê y 5 < 1. The pair of inequalities (y 5) < 1 and (y 5) < 1 Ê | y 5 | < 1.
5. 2x 4 Ê x 2
6. 8 3x 5 Ê 3x 3 Ê x Ÿ 1 ïïïïïïïïïñqqqqqqqqp x
1
7. 5x $ Ÿ ( 3x Ê 8x Ÿ 10 Ê x Ÿ 5
4
8. 3(2 x) 2(3 x) Ê 6 3x 6 2x
Ê 0 5x Ê 0 x ïïïïïïïïïðqqqqqqqqp x
0
"
9. 2x # 7x 7
6 Ê "# 7
6 5x
Ê "
5
ˆ 10 ‰
6 x or "
3 x
6 x 3x4
10. 4 2 Ê 12 2x 12x 16
Ê 28 14x Ê 2 x qqqqqqqqqðïïïïïïïïî x
2
2 Chapter 1 Preliminaries
"
11. 4
5 (x 2) 3 (x 6) Ê 12(x 2) 5(x 6)
Ê 12x 24 5x 30 Ê 7x 6 or x 67
12. x2 5 Ÿ 123x

4 Ê (4x 20) Ÿ 24 6x
Ê 44 Ÿ 10x Ê 22
5 Ÿ x qqqqqqqqqñïïïïïïïïî x
22/5
13. y œ 3 or y œ 3
14. y 3 œ 7 or y 3 œ 7 Ê y œ 10 or y œ 4
15. 2t 5 œ 4 or 2t & œ 4 Ê 2t œ 1 or 2t œ 9 Ê t œ "# or t œ 9#
16. 1 t œ 1 or 1 t œ 1 Ê t œ ! or t œ 2 Ê t œ 0 or t œ 2
17. 8 3s œ 9
2 or 8 3s œ #9 Ê 3s œ 7# or 3s œ 25
# Ê sœ
7
6 or s œ 25
6
18. s
# 1 œ 1 or s
# 1 œ 1 Ê s
# œ 2 or s
# œ ! Ê s œ 4 or s œ 0
19. 2 x 2; solution interval (2ß 2)
20. 2 Ÿ x Ÿ 2; solution interval [2ß 2] qqqqñïïïïïïïïñqqqqp x

2 2
21. 3 Ÿ t 1 Ÿ 3 Ê 2 Ÿ t Ÿ 4; solution interval [2ß 4]
22. 1 t 2 1 Ê 3 t 1;
solution interval (3ß 1) qqqqðïïïïïïïïðqqqqp t
3 1
23. % 3y 7 4 Ê 3 3y 11 Ê 1 y 11
3 ;
solution interval ˆ1ß 11 ‰
3
24. 1 2y 5 " Ê 6 2y 4 Ê 3 y 2;

solution interval (3ß 2) qqqqðïïïïïïïïðqqqqp y
3 2
25. 1 Ÿ z
5 1Ÿ1 Ê 0Ÿ z
5 Ÿ 2 Ê 0 Ÿ z Ÿ 10;
solution interval [0ß 10]
26. 2 Ÿ 1 Ÿ 2 Ê 1 Ÿ
3z
#
3z
# Ÿ 3 Ê 32 Ÿ z Ÿ 2;
solution interval 23 ß 2‘ qqqqñïïïïïïïïñqqqqp z
2/3 2
27. "# 3 "

x "
# Ê 7# x" 5# Ê 7
# "
x 5
#
Ê 2
7 x 2
5 ; solution interval ˆ 27 ß 25 ‰
"
28. 3 2
x 43 Ê 1 2
x ( Ê 1 x
# 7
Ê 2x 2
7 Ê 2
7 x 2; solution interval ˆ 27 ß 2‰ qqqqðïïïïïïïïðqqqqp x
2/7 2
Section 1.1 Real Numbers and the Real Line 3
29. 2s 4 or 2s 4 Ê s 2 or s Ÿ 2;

solution intervals (_ß 2] [2ß _)
" "
30. s 3 # or (s 3) # Ê s 5# or s 7
#
Ê s 5# or s Ÿ 7# ;
solution intervals ˆ_ß 7# ‘ 5# ß _‰ ïïïïïïñqqqqqqñïïïïïïî s
7/2 5/2
31. 1 x 1 or (" x) 1 Ê x 0 or x 2
Ê x 0 or x 2; solution intervals (_ß !) (2ß _)
32. 2 3x 5 or (2 3x) 5 Ê 3x 3 or 3x 7

Ê x 1 or x 73 ;
solution intervals (_ß 1) ˆ 73 ß _‰ ïïïïïïðqqqqqqðïïïïïïî x
1 7/3
33. r"
# 1 or ˆ r# 1 ‰ 1 Ê r 1 2 or r 1 Ÿ 2
Ê r 1 or r Ÿ 3; solution intervals (_ß 3] [1ß _)
34. 3r
5 " 2
5 or ˆ 3r5 "‰ 2
5
Ê 3r
5
or 3r5 53 Ê r 37 or r 1
7
5
solution intervals (_ß ") ˆ 73 ß _‰ ïïïïïïðqqqqqqðïïïïïïî r
1 7/3
35. x# # Ê kxk È2 Ê È2 x È2 ;

solution interval ŠÈ2ß È2‹ qqqqqqðïïïïïïðqqqqqqp x
È # È#
36. 4 Ÿ x# Ê 2 Ÿ kxk Ê x 2 or x Ÿ 2;

solution interval (_ß 2] [2ß _) ïïïïïïñqqqqqqñïïïïïïî r
2 2
37. 4 x# 9 Ê 2 kxk 3 Ê 2 x 3 or 2 x 3
Ê 2 x 3 or 3 x 2;
solution intervals (3ß 2) (2ß 3) qqqqðïïïïðqqqqðïïïïðqqqp x
3 2 2 3
" " " " " " " "

38. 9 x# 4 Ê 3 kxk # Ê 3 x # or 3 x #
" "
Ê 3 x or #" x 3" ;
#
solution intervals ˆ "# ß 3" ‰ ˆ 3" ß #" ‰ qqqqðïïïïðqqqqðïïïïðqqqp x
1/2 1/3 1/3 1/2
39. (x 1)# 4 Ê kx 1k 2 Ê 2 x 1 2
Ê 1 x 3; solution interval ("ß $) qqqqqqðïïïïïïïïðqqqqp x
1 3
40. (x 3)# # Ê kx 3k È2
Ê È2 x 3 È2 or 3 È2 x 3 È2 ;
solution interval Š3 È2ß 3 È2‹ qqqqqqðïïïïïïïïðqqqqp x
3 È # 3 È #
Ê ˆx 12 ‰ <
2
41. x# x 0 Ê x# x + 1
4 < 1
4
1
4 Ê¹x 1
2 ¹< 1
2 Ê 12 < x 1
2 < 1
2 Ê 0 < x < 1.
So the solution is the interval (0ß 1)
42. x# x 2 0 Ê x# x + 1
4 9
4 Ê ¹x 1
2 ¹ 3
2 Ê x 1
2 3
2 or ˆx 12 ‰ 3
2 Ê x 2 or x Ÿ 1.
The solution interval is (_ß 1] [2ß _)
43. True if a 0; False if a 0.
44. kx 1k œ 1 x Í k(x 1)k œ 1 x Í 1 x 0 Í x Ÿ 1
45. (1) ka bk œ (a b) or ka bk œ (a b);

both squared equal (a b)#
(2) ab Ÿ kabk œ kak kbk
(3) kak œ a or kak œ a, so kak# œ a# ; likewise, kbk# œ b#
(4) x# Ÿ y# implies Èx# Ÿ Èy# or x Ÿ y for all nonnegative real numbers x and y. Let x œ ka bk and
y œ kak kbk so that ka bk# Ÿ akak kbkb# Ê ka bk Ÿ kak kbk .
46. If a 0 and b 0, then ab 0 and kabk œ ab œ kak kbk .

If a 0 and b 0, then ab 0 and kabk œ ab œ (a)(b) œ kak kbk .
If a 0 and b 0, then ab Ÿ 0 and kabk œ (ab) œ (a)(b) œ kak kbk .
If a 0 and b 0, then ab Ÿ 0 and kabk œ (ab) œ (a)(b) œ kak kbk .
47. 3 Ÿ x Ÿ 3 and x "# Ê "

# x Ÿ 3.
48. Graph of kxk kyk Ÿ 1 is the interior

of “diamond-shaped" region.
49. Let $ be a real number > 0 and f(x) = 2x + 1. Suppose that | x1 | < $ . Then | x1 | < $ Ê 2| x1 | < 2$ Ê
| 2x # | < 2$ Ê | (2x + 1) 3 | < 2$ Ê | f(x) f(1) | < 2$
50. Let % > 0 be any positive number and f(x) = 2x + 3. Suppose that | x 0 | < % /2. Then 2| x 0 | < % and
| 2x + 3 3 | < %. But f(x) = 2x + 3 and f(0) = 3. Thus | f(x) f(0) | < %.
51. Consider: i) a > 0; ii) a < 0; iii) a = 0.

i) For a > 0, | a | œ a by definition. Now, a > 0 Ê a < 0. Let a = b. By definition, | b | œ b. Since b = a,
| a | œ (a) œ a and | a | œ | a | œ a.
ii) For a < 0, | a | œ a. Now, a < 0 Ê a > 0. Let a œ b. By definition, | b | œ b and thus |a| œ a. So again
| a | œ |a|.
iii) By definition | 0 | œ 0 and since 0 œ 0, | 0 | œ 0. Thus, by i), ii), and iii) | a | œ | a | for any real number.
Section 1.2 Lines, Circles and Parabolas 5
52. i) Prove | x | > 0 Ê x > a or x < a for any positive number, a.

For x 0, | x | œ x. | x | > a Ê x > a.
For x < 0, | x | œ x. | x | > a Ê x > a Ê x < a.
ii) Prove x > a or x < a Ê | x | > 0 for any positive number, a.
a > 0 and x > a Ê | x | œ x. So x > a Ê | x | > a.
For a > 0, a < 0 and x < a Ê x < 0 Ê | x | œ x. So x < a Ê x > a Ê | x | > a.
†
53. a) 1=1 Ê |1|=1 Ê¹b † "b ¹ œ l bl
lbl Ê ¹ b¹ † ¹ b" ¹ œ lbl
lbl Ê
¹ b ¹ ¹ "b ¹
¹ b¹
œ
¹ b¹
†
¹ b¹ ¹ b¹
Ê ¹ b" ¹ œ "
¹ b¹
b) lal
lbl œ ¹a † "
b ¹ œ ¹ a¹ †¹ "
b ¹ œ ¹ a¹ † l bl
" œ lal
lbl
54. Prove Sn œ kan k œ kakn for any real number a and any positive integer n.
ka" k œ kak " œ a, so S" is true. Now, assume that Sk œ ¸ak ¸ œ kak k is true form some positive integer 5 .
Since ka" k œ kak " and ¸ak ¸ œ kak k , we have ¸ak" ¸ œ ¸ak † a" ¸ œ ¸ak ¸ka" k œ kak k kak " œ kak k+" . Thus,
Sk" œ ¸ak" ¸ œ kak k+" is also true. Thus by the Principle of Mathematical Induction, Sn œ l an l œ l a ln
is true for all n positive integers.
1.2 LINES, CIRCLES, AND PARABOLAS
1. ?x œ 1 (3) œ 2, ?y œ 2 2 œ 4; d œ È(?x)# (?y)# œ È4 16 œ 2È5
2. ?x œ $ (1) œ 2, ?y œ 2 (2) œ 4; d œ È(2)# 4# œ 2È5
3. ?x œ 8.1 (3.2) œ 4.9, ?y œ 2 (2) œ 0; d œ È(4.9)# 0# œ 4.9
#
4. ?x œ 0 È2 œ È2, ?y œ 1.5 4 œ 2.5; d œ ÊŠÈ2‹ (2.5)# œ È8.25
5. Circle with center (!ß !) and radius 1. 6. Circle with center (!ß !) and radius È2.
7. Disk (i.e., circle together with its interior points) with center (!ß !) and radius È3.
8. The origin (a single point).
?y 1 2 ?y # "
9. m œ ?x œ 2 (1) œ3 10. m œ ?x œ 2 (2) œ 34
perpendicular slope œ "3 perpendicular slope œ 4
3
?y 33 ?y # 0
11. m œ ?x œ 1 2 œ0 12. m œ ?x œ # (#) ; no slope
perpendicular slope does not exist perpendicular slope œ 0
13. (a) x œ 1 14. (a) x œ È2 15. (a) x œ 0 16. (a) x œ 1

(b) y œ 4
3 (b) y œ 1.3 (b) y œ È2 (b) y œ 0
17. P(1ß 1), m œ 1 Ê y 1 œ 1ax (1)b Ê y œ x
" " "

18. P(2ß 3), m œ # Ê y (3) œ # (x 2) Ê y œ # x4
?y 54
19. P(3ß 4), Q(2ß 5) Ê m œ ?x œ 2 3 œ "5 Ê y 4 œ "5 (x 3) Ê y œ "5 x 23
5
?y 30
20. P(8ß 0), Q(1ß 3) Ê m œ ?x œ 1 (8) œ 3
7 Ê y0œ 3
7 ax (8)b Ê y œ 3
7 x 24
7
21. m œ 54 , b œ 6 Ê y œ 54 x 6 22. m œ "# , b œ 3 Ê y œ "

# x3
23. m œ 0, P(12ß 9) Ê y œ 9 24. No slope, P ˆ "3 ß %‰ Ê x œ "

3
?y 04
25. a œ 1, b œ 4 Ê (0ß 4) and ("ß 0) are on the line Ê m œ ?x œ 1 0 œ 4 Ê y œ 4x 4
?y 6 0
26. a œ 2, b œ 6 Ê (2ß 0) and (!ß 6) are on the line Ê m œ ?x œ 02 œ 3 Ê y œ 3x 6
27. P(5ß 1), L: 2x 5y œ 15 Ê mL œ 25 Ê parallel line is y (1) œ 25 (x 5) Ê y œ 25 x 1
È È È
28. P ŠÈ2ß 2‹ , L: È2x 5y œ È3 Ê mL œ 52 Ê parallel line is y 2 œ 52 Šx ŠÈ2‹‹ Ê y œ 52 x 8
5
29. P(4ß 10), L: 6x 3y œ 5 Ê mL œ 2 Ê m¼ œ "# Ê perpendicular line is y 10 œ "# (x 4) Ê y œ "# x 12
30. P(!ß 1), L: 8x 13y œ 13 Ê mL œ 8

13 Ê m¼ œ 13
8 Ê perpendicular line is y œ 8 x 1
13
31. x-intercept œ 4, y-intercept œ 3 32. x-intercept œ 4, y-intercept œ 2
33. x-intercept œ È3, y-intercept œ È2 34. x-intercept œ 2, y-intercept œ 3
35. Ax By œ C" Í y œ AB x C"

B and Bx Ay œ C# Í y œ B
A x C#
A. Since ˆ AB ‰ ˆ AB ‰ œ 1 is the
product of the slopes, the lines are perpendicular.
36. Ax By œ C" Í y œ AB x C"

B and Ax By œ C# Í y œ AB x C#
B. Since the lines have the same
slope AB , they are parallel.
37. New position œ axold ?xß yold ?yb œ (# &ß 3 (6)) œ ($ß 3).
38. New position œ axold ?xß yold ?yb œ (6 (6)ß 0 0) œ (0ß 0).
39. ?x œ 5, ?y œ 6, B(3ß 3). Let A œ (xß y). Then ?x œ x# x" Ê 5 œ 3 x Ê x œ 2 and

?y œ y# y" Ê 6 œ 3 y Ê y œ 9. Therefore, A œ (#ß 9).
40. ?x œ " " œ !, ?y œ ! ! œ !

41. C(!ß 2), a œ 2 Ê x# (y 2)# œ 4 42. C($ß 0), a œ 3 Ê (x 3)# y# œ 9
43. C(1ß 5), a œ È10 Ê (x 1)# (y 5)# œ 10
44. C("ß "), a œ È2 Ê (x 1)# (y 1)# œ 2

x œ 0 Ê (0 1)# (y 1)# œ 2 Ê (y 1)# œ 1
Ê y 1 œ „ 1 Ê y œ 0 or y œ 2.
Similarly, y œ 0 Ê x œ 0 or x œ 2
#
45. C ŠÈ3ß 2‹ , a œ 2 Ê Šx È3‹ (y 2)# œ 4,
#
x œ 0 Ê Š0 È3‹ (y 2)# œ 4 Ê (y 2)# œ 1
Ê y 2 œ „ 1 Ê y œ 1 or y œ 3. Also, y œ 0
# #
Ê Šx È3‹ (0 2)# œ 4 Ê Šx È3‹ œ 0
Ê x œ È 3
#
46. C ˆ3ß "# ‰, a œ 5 Ê (x 3)# ˆy "# ‰ œ 25, so
#
x œ 0 Ê (0 3)# ˆy "# ‰ œ 25
#
Ê ˆy "# ‰ œ 16 Ê y "
# œ „4 Ê yœ 9
#
#
or y œ 7# . Also, y œ 0 Ê (x 3)# ˆ0 "# ‰ œ 25
3È11
Ê (x 3)# œ 99
4 Ê x3œ „ #
3È11
Ê xœ3„ #
47. x# y# 4x 4y % œ 0
Ê x# %B y# 4y œ 4
Ê x# 4x 4 y# 4y 4 œ 4
Ê (x 2)# (y 2)# œ 4 Ê C œ (2ß 2), a œ 2.
48. x# y# 8x 4y 16 œ 0
Ê x# 8x y# 4y œ 16
Ê x# 8x 16 y# 4y 4 œ 4
Ê (x 4)# (y 2)# œ 4
Ê C œ (%ß 2), a œ 2.
49. x# y# 3y 4 œ 0 Ê x# y# 3y œ 4
Ê x# y# 3y 94 œ 25
4
#
Ê x# ˆy 3# ‰ œ 25
4 Ê C œ ˆ0ß 3# ‰ ,
a œ 5# .
50. x# y# 4x 9
4 œ0
# #
Ê x 4x y œ 9
4
Ê x# 4x 4 y œ # 25
4
Ê (x 2)# y# œ 25
4
Ê C œ (2ß 0), a œ 5# .
51. x# y# 4x 4y œ 0
Ê x# 4x y# 4y œ 0
Ê x# 4x 4 y# 4y 4 œ 8
Ê (x 2)# (y 2)# œ 8
Ê C(2ß 2), a œ È8.
52. x# y# 2x œ 3
Ê x# 2x 1 y# œ 4
Ê (x 1)# y# œ 4
Ê C œ (1ß 0), a œ 2.
2
53. x œ #ba œ 2(1) œ1
Ê y œ (1)# 2(1) 3 œ 4
Ê V œ ("ß 4). If x œ 0 then y œ 3.
Also, y œ 0 Ê x# 2x 3 œ 0
Ê (x 3)(x 1) œ 0 Ê x œ 3 or
x œ 1. Axis of parabola is x œ 1.
54. x œ #ba œ 2(1)

4
œ 2
Ê y œ (2)# 4(2) 3 œ 1
Ê V œ (2ß 1). If x œ 0 then y œ 3.
Ê (x 1)(x 3) œ 0 Ê x œ 1 or
55. x œ #ba œ 2(4 1) œ 2

Ê y œ (2)# 4(2) œ 4
Also, y œ 0 Ê x# 4x œ 0
Ê x(x 4) œ 0 Ê x œ 4 or x œ 0.
Axis of parabola is x œ 2.
56. x œ #ba œ 2(4 1) œ 2

Ê y œ (2)# 4(2) 5 œ 1
4 „È 4
Ê x# 4x 5 œ 0 Ê x œ #
Ê no x intercepts. Axis of parabola is x œ 2.
57. x œ #ba œ 2(61) œ 3

Ê y œ (3)# 6(3) 5 œ 4
Ê V œ (3ß %). If x œ 0 then y œ 5.
Ê (x 5)(x 1) œ 0 Ê x œ 5 or
1 "
58. x œ #ba œ 2(2) œ 4
#
Ê y œ 2 ˆ "4 ‰ 4" 3 œ 23 8
Ê V œ ˆ "4 ß 23
8
‰ . If x œ 0 then y œ 3.
Also, y œ 0 Ê 2x# x 3 œ 0
1„È23
Ê xœ 4 Ê no x intercepts.
Axis of parabola is x œ "4 .
59. x œ #ba œ 2(1/2)

1
œ 1
"
Ê yœ (1)# (1) 4 œ 72
#
Ê V œ ˆ"ß 72 ‰ . If x œ 0 then y œ 4.
"
Also, y œ 0 Ê # x# x 4 œ 0
1 „ È 7
Ê xœ 1 Ê no x intercepts.
60. x œ #ba œ 2(21/4) œ 4

Ê y œ "4 (4)# 2(4) 4 œ 8
Ê V œ (4ß 8) . If x œ 0 then y œ 4.
Also, y œ 0 Ê "4 x# 2x 4 œ 0
2 „ È 8
Ê xœ 1/2 œ 4 „ 4È2.
61. The points that lie outside the circle with center (!ß 0) and radius È7.
62. The points that lie inside the circle with center (!ß 0) and radius È5.
63. The points that lie on or inside the circle with center ("ß 0) and radius 2.
64. The points lying on or outside the circle with center (!ß 2) and radius 2.
65. The points lying outside the circle with center (!ß 0) and radius 1, but inside the circle with center (!ß 0),
and radius 2 (i.e., a washer).

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CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARIES

1.1 REAL NUMBERS AND THE REAL LINE

3. NT = necessarily true, NNT = Not necessarily true. Given: 2 < x < 6.

4. NT = necessarily true, NNT = Not necessarily true. Given: 1 < y 5 < 1.

12. x2 5 Ÿ 123x

15. 2t 5 œ 4 or 2t & œ 4 Ê 2t œ 1 or 2t œ 9 Ê t œ "# or t œ 9#

19. 2 x 2; solution interval (2ß 2)

20. 2 Ÿ x Ÿ 2; solution interval [2ß 2] qqqqñïïïïïïïïñqqqqp x

21. 3 Ÿ t 1 Ÿ 3 Ê 2 Ÿ t Ÿ 4; solution interval [2ß 4]

24. 1 2y 5 " Ê 6 2y 4 Ê 3 y 2;

27. "# 3 "

29. 2s 4 or 2s 4 Ê s 2 or s Ÿ 2;

32. 2 3x 5 or (2 3x) 5 Ê 3x 3 or 3x 7

35. x# # Ê kxk È2 Ê È2 x È2 ;

36. 4 Ÿ x# Ê 2 Ÿ kxk Ê x 2 or x Ÿ 2;

" " " " " " " "

43. True if a 0; False if a 0.

44. kx 1k œ 1 x Í k(x 1)k œ 1 x Í 1 x 0 Í x Ÿ 1

45. (1) ka bk œ (a b) or ka bk œ (a b);

46. If a 0 and b 0, then ab 0 and kabk œ ab œ kak kbk .

47. 3 Ÿ x Ÿ 3 and x "# Ê "

48. Graph of kxk kyk Ÿ 1 is the interior

51. Consider: i) a > 0; ii) a < 0; iii) a = 0.

52. i) Prove | x | > 0 Ê x > a or x < a for any positive number, a.

1.2 LINES, CIRCLES, AND PARABOLAS

1. ?x œ 1 (3) œ 2, ?y œ 2 2 œ 4; d œ È(?x)# (?y)# œ È4 16 œ 2È5

2. ?x œ $ (1) œ 2, ?y œ 2 (2) œ 4; d œ È(2)# 4# œ 2È5

3. ?x œ 8.1 (3.2) œ 4.9, ?y œ 2 (2) œ 0; d œ È(4.9)# 0# œ 4.9

8. The origin (a single point).

13. (a) x œ 1 14. (a) x œ È2 15. (a) x œ 0 16. (a) x œ 1

17. P(1ß 1), m œ 1 Ê y 1 œ 1ax (1)b Ê y œ x

" " "

21. m œ 54 , b œ 6 Ê y œ 54 x 6 22. m œ "# , b œ 3 Ê y œ "

23. m œ 0, P(12ß 9) Ê y œ 9 24. No slope, P ˆ "3 ß %‰ Ê x œ "

27. P(5ß 1), L: 2x 5y œ 15 Ê mL œ 25 Ê parallel line is y (1) œ 25 (x 5) Ê y œ 25 x 1

29. P(4ß 10), L: 6x 3y œ 5 Ê mL œ 2 Ê m¼ œ "# Ê perpendicular line is y 10 œ "# (x 4) Ê y œ "# x 12

30. P(!ß 1), L: 8x 13y œ 13 Ê mL œ 8

31. x-intercept œ 4, y-intercept œ 3 32. x-intercept œ 4, y-intercept œ 2

33. x-intercept œ È3, y-intercept œ È2 34. x-intercept œ 2, y-intercept œ 3

35. Ax By œ C" Í y œ AB x C"

36. Ax By œ C" Í y œ AB x C"

39. ?x œ 5, ?y œ 6, B(3ß 3). Let A œ (xß y). Then ?x œ x# x" Ê 5 œ 3 x Ê x œ 2 and

40. ?x œ " " œ !, ?y œ ! ! œ !

41. C(!ß 2), a œ 2 Ê x# (y 2)# œ 4 42. C($ß 0), a œ 3 Ê (x 3)# y# œ 9

43. C(1ß 5), a œ È10 Ê (x 1)# (y 5)# œ 10

44. C("ß "), a œ È2 Ê (x 1)# (y 1)# œ 2

54. x œ #ba œ 2(1)

55. x œ #ba œ 2(4 1) œ 2

56. x œ #ba œ 2(4 1) œ 2

57. x œ #ba œ 2(61) œ 3

59. x œ #ba œ 2(1/2)

60. x œ #ba œ 2(21/4) œ 4

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