CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
| Apparenlly the selectad additives helene and
Sasolnl have been found efivctive in respect of
the reducing stripping problem and inciessing
softening point and stability values,
2. The method of, construction diiers from plain
asphalt in that the additives are t0 be added to
bitumen in a prescribed way. Proper mixing must
(o be ensured betore application,
3. Advantage of using additives is not questionable
but it needs further research to see whether any
other additives or modifiers could give better
results/performance. Research can also be made
‘on selecting the optimum doses for additives,
REFERENCES
4. Some trial sections with different type of additives
ur modifier are recommended tu find the
‘appropriate additives giving best petlarmance,
8. Performance of pavernent and its life should be
sarelully monitored, & team can work on this.
6. Cost-benefit ratio should he made on the basis
Of inereased cost of additives. Life expectancy
should be compated with the asphalt concrete
with na additives.
7. Environmental impact assescment should be
strengthened.
* » AASHTO and ASTM test methods for bitumen, aggregates, and filler
* _MS-2 Sixth Ed. Mix Design Methods by American Asphalt institute
* Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design, and Construction, 1* fd. NAPA, Maryland, USA
* Project Specification for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Ganja Bypass8, 80mm Thick Asphalt Binder
It was constructed in single layer made of optimum
binder content of 4.6% and 0.4% of anti-stripping
agent mixed with hot circulating bitumen in tanks at
the site. Summary of Marshall résults are as follows
Fig Sh:
Densliy Ve Bitumen Content
40 45 608s
Bitumen Content, by Weight ot tax
VMA% Vs Blumen Content
Fig. 6
‘Air Voids Vs Bitumen Content
C.50mm Asphalt Wearing Course
It was also constructed in single layer consisted of
5.0% of optimum binder, 0.4% of anti-stripping
agent, and 1.5% of Sasobit. The additive Sasobit had
been carefully mixed with hot circulating bitumen
beforehand in Baku and then shifted to the site before
application. Properties are mentioned below (Fig.6):
‘Stability Vs Bitumen Content
“ao 45) sO 55 ao
Bitumen Contert, ny Weight of ix
Flow Vs Bitumen Contont
VEA Vs Bitumen Content
40 45 "80 gs
"Bitumen Content, ety Weight ME13" National Convention - SEMINAR PAPERS
Ti Volds Va Bitumen Content
Density Ve Titumen Content ‘Stability We Bitumen Contone
VMA% Ve Bitumen Content Flow Ve Bitumen ContentNational Convention
3 Naa Gradation of Bituminous Wearing Course
i st : — r+ ;
—SPEGFICATION }
umes TT Le.
x | 1 TT
#2) jop-sax FORMULA 1 i, EET
70 = LU ! f
(COMBINED GRADATION | | ’ tf
Be | | |
Eran | VA aul {i
= Leet TT LA TT rte
| ’ Leb tL
as fect Yr i-< THI Et
35 { 4 =r Hf HEL
far ae i Ht
os } Hea |
- ft f PIP
j it
sake. oe IL aries Lu
* 230 495 125
Stability Vs Bitumen Contont
a
Mao Skok
‘rumen Content," by WoIOht of Mie
‘VMA% V5 Bitumen Content Flow Vs Bitumen ContentBlt)
TABLE-4 Summary of test results of 50/70 bitumen
0.4% of Hterlene IN/400
[Name of tests
TAME?
Results of coating and stripping Teot of Stumen-Aggrogates Biatutes
Bitumen: S0-7ocrade(t.a%) Aggregate: 9.5- 1.3 mm (100g)
[Specific gravity (AASHTO T 228)
TABLE-S Summary of test results of 50/70 bitumen
\with 0.4% of Iterlene IN/400 and 1.5% of Sasobit
%
[Retained Penetration
Ductility after hardening
A plenty of quarry sources of aggregates are available
at the construction area. Both fine and course
aggregates were produced at crusher plants and
used. Routine tests were made on these materials
and consistent results were obtained at all times,
Representative values are given in TABLE-6,
TABLE: 6 Physical end strength properties of Aggregates and flar
[name of tet
Biumen | bomen | Brame
lenses +028 | 203%
[visual etimation afer
it hese immersion
nwater Z
lspectesion Umi
APPROACH TO MARSHALL METHOD OF DESIGN
Conventional Marshall method of design was
followed to obtain optimum bitumen content and
the Job Mix Formula with and without the additives,
Project specification was followed and the procedure
in accordance with MS-2 of American Asphalt
Institute. Fig.1 through Fig.3 represent combined
grading of aggregates and filler fallawed by Marshall
results (Fig4 through Fig.6) at the laboratory.
Specticgeviy, bulk, of couse aepregsie
TABLE-7 shows stripping test results that served as
a guide for selecting the dose of anti-stripping agent
Iterlene IN/400.
A. 140mm Thick Asphalt Base Course
Constructed in two layers on top of subbase layer
made of crushed aggregate the base course has an
‘optimum binder content of 4.4% and 0.4% of anti-
stripping agent, The additive was mixed at site in
tanks of hot bitumen in circulatory motion. The
Properties of the mix are enumerated below(Fig.4):13" National Con
ention - SEMINAR PAPERS | 363
TALES
Propenies of compacted Hots Prepared by Marshal Method of Binder Course With 0.4% Mevlané IMAGO % & 1 5% of SASOBST
Tara]
Date of Sample {====0"|
73,
Zale Sat
0
23
a
za
a
23
ee
24
CO soreeteaton oe L3=8
BITUMEN BINDER TABLE-3 summary of test results of 50/70 bitumen
Native source af 50/70 grade is used throughout
the country. Laboratory tests on bitumen signify
that penetration, softening point, loss on heating,
and solubility are within AASHIO. Specification.
However, a wide difference of test results on duetility
has been observed and in most cases the results are
significantly below the specification limit (TABLE-3).
In TABLE-4 and TABLES offects of Sasobit wax on
properties of bitumen have been shown where
the softening point is increasing and penetration
decreasing due to its addition.
(Name of tants
[specific graviey (AASHTO 223) _
zo resin boa
aay
ciained Penetration
Dechy fer a
Perfin ContentRly
| 13" National Convention — Bea No tog
Properties of Compactea Hot
Photograph of a Sasobit maxing plant in Baku, Azerbaijan
Asphalt Plant Gh: 257600
Biurrinovs Weanng Course
‘Mix Prepared by Marshall Method of Find Course:
TABLE:
wma 0.4% teriene N/O0 and winout SASOBIT
[Specie Gis afBitom” Gb lass [Lmao
[Date of Sample
te of Te
4 [e083
[1822 [503 8Rei N elton e| MOLL aN =A eh eae da
shall method of mix design is generally followed
‘Azerbaijan as in many other countries in the
id for the hot mix asphalt. In the country, the
di stretching between east and west connecting
‘capital city of Baku and the border of Georgia
recognized as the principal road which is serving
ot only the domestic purposes but also the export
d import purposes and is of heavy traffic category.
hhas been found that several sections of East West
ighway and other national highway sections along
‘with other interconnecting asphalt roads which were
‘completed during recent past failed prematurely
Gespite of necessary care undertaken in the design
‘and construction phases, The Azerroadservice and
Transport Ministry are deeply concerned at such
premature failure of the rehabilitated/reconstructed
rational highway sections.
Now a days many countries are using Warm Mix
‘Asphalt (WMA) with. additives. for protection of
their environment and for enhancing properties of
bitumen, Air pollution due to emission of H,S 325
from hot bitumen is of concen in many countries.
‘Assessment of degree of pollution due to emission
of H,S has been started from 1* July, 2012. However
in Azerbaijan no steps have been taken to counter
effect such an environmental hazard. The challenge
for Azerbaijan is “overloading” and improvement of
local bitumen for the time being.
To cope with such damages due to premature failure
of roads the government of Azerbaijan has taken
steps for improvement of the construction cof roads
by introducing additives for modification of bitumen.
tt was mid of the last decade when such step was
taken, The four lane Ganja Bypass funded by ADB is
a segment of the East‘West road where the additives
of ITERLENE IN/400 for all layers and additionally
SASOBIT for wearing course have been applied with
success.
PURPOSE
This is an effort to choose additives for bitumen
‘and observe not only the effects in, design and
construction phases but also conditions in the post
construction service and at failure. A summary of
laboratory approach is presented with a view to
compare with other design and construction and for
future reference.
ADDITIVES USED
Iterlene IN/400 has been selected as an anti-stripping
agent for all layers. A dose of 0.4% at the lower range
‘was selected from laboratory test results, The stripping
test method has been dropped in AASHTO: 2007.
However, a Turkish method ( YFS EK-A) is available
and adopted at site. Although this additive has no
appreciable effect on parameters for Marshall test
its function as an anti-stripping agent is conspicuous
(TABLE-7). Marshall test using bitumen without
any additives was not carried out and investigated
However, Sasobit wax, on the other hand with an
adopted dose of 1.5% and Iterlene of 0.4% both
by weight of bitumen, has an appreciable effect
‘on increasing the Marshall density and consequent
changes to other parameters have been noticed
(TABLE -1 and TABLE-2).
&