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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | Apparenlly the selectad additives helene and Sasolnl have been found efivctive in respect of the reducing stripping problem and inciessing softening point and stability values, 2. The method of, construction diiers from plain asphalt in that the additives are t0 be added to bitumen in a prescribed way. Proper mixing must (o be ensured betore application, 3. Advantage of using additives is not questionable but it needs further research to see whether any other additives or modifiers could give better results/performance. Research can also be made ‘on selecting the optimum doses for additives, REFERENCES 4. Some trial sections with different type of additives ur modifier are recommended tu find the ‘appropriate additives giving best petlarmance, 8. Performance of pavernent and its life should be sarelully monitored, & team can work on this. 6. Cost-benefit ratio should he made on the basis Of inereased cost of additives. Life expectancy should be compated with the asphalt concrete with na additives. 7. Environmental impact assescment should be strengthened. * » AASHTO and ASTM test methods for bitumen, aggregates, and filler * _MS-2 Sixth Ed. Mix Design Methods by American Asphalt institute * Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design, and Construction, 1* fd. NAPA, Maryland, USA * Project Specification for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Ganja Bypass 8, 80mm Thick Asphalt Binder It was constructed in single layer made of optimum binder content of 4.6% and 0.4% of anti-stripping agent mixed with hot circulating bitumen in tanks at the site. Summary of Marshall résults are as follows Fig Sh: Densliy Ve Bitumen Content 40 45 608s Bitumen Content, by Weight ot tax VMA% Vs Blumen Content Fig. 6 ‘Air Voids Vs Bitumen Content C.50mm Asphalt Wearing Course It was also constructed in single layer consisted of 5.0% of optimum binder, 0.4% of anti-stripping agent, and 1.5% of Sasobit. The additive Sasobit had been carefully mixed with hot circulating bitumen beforehand in Baku and then shifted to the site before application. Properties are mentioned below (Fig.6): ‘Stability Vs Bitumen Content “ao 45) sO 55 ao Bitumen Contert, ny Weight of ix Flow Vs Bitumen Contont VEA Vs Bitumen Content 40 45 "80 gs "Bitumen Content, ety Weight ME 13" National Convention - SEMINAR PAPERS Ti Volds Va Bitumen Content Density Ve Titumen Content ‘Stability We Bitumen Contone VMA% Ve Bitumen Content Flow Ve Bitumen Content National Convention 3 Naa Gradation of Bituminous Wearing Course i st : — r+ ; —SPEGFICATION } umes TT Le. x | 1 TT #2) jop-sax FORMULA 1 i, EET 70 = LU ! f (COMBINED GRADATION | | ’ tf Be | | | Eran | VA aul {i = Leet TT LA TT rte | ’ Leb tL as fect Yr i-< THI Et 35 { 4 =r Hf HEL far ae i Ht os } Hea | - ft f PIP j it sake. oe IL aries Lu * 230 495 125 Stability Vs Bitumen Contont a Mao Skok ‘rumen Content," by WoIOht of Mie ‘VMA% V5 Bitumen Content Flow Vs Bitumen Content Blt) TABLE-4 Summary of test results of 50/70 bitumen 0.4% of Hterlene IN/400 [Name of tests TAME? Results of coating and stripping Teot of Stumen-Aggrogates Biatutes Bitumen: S0-7ocrade(t.a%) Aggregate: 9.5- 1.3 mm (100g) [Specific gravity (AASHTO T 228) TABLE-S Summary of test results of 50/70 bitumen \with 0.4% of Iterlene IN/400 and 1.5% of Sasobit % [Retained Penetration Ductility after hardening A plenty of quarry sources of aggregates are available at the construction area. Both fine and course aggregates were produced at crusher plants and used. Routine tests were made on these materials and consistent results were obtained at all times, Representative values are given in TABLE-6, TABLE: 6 Physical end strength properties of Aggregates and flar [name of tet Biumen | bomen | Brame lenses +028 | 203% [visual etimation afer it hese immersion nwater Z lspectesion Umi APPROACH TO MARSHALL METHOD OF DESIGN Conventional Marshall method of design was followed to obtain optimum bitumen content and the Job Mix Formula with and without the additives, Project specification was followed and the procedure in accordance with MS-2 of American Asphalt Institute. Fig.1 through Fig.3 represent combined grading of aggregates and filler fallawed by Marshall results (Fig4 through Fig.6) at the laboratory. Specticgeviy, bulk, of couse aepregsie TABLE-7 shows stripping test results that served as a guide for selecting the dose of anti-stripping agent Iterlene IN/400. A. 140mm Thick Asphalt Base Course Constructed in two layers on top of subbase layer made of crushed aggregate the base course has an ‘optimum binder content of 4.4% and 0.4% of anti- stripping agent, The additive was mixed at site in tanks of hot bitumen in circulatory motion. The Properties of the mix are enumerated below(Fig.4): 13" National Con ention - SEMINAR PAPERS | 363 TALES Propenies of compacted Hots Prepared by Marshal Method of Binder Course With 0.4% Mevlané IMAGO % & 1 5% of SASOBST Tara] Date of Sample {====0"| 73, Zale Sat 0 23 a za a 23 ee 24 CO soreeteaton oe L3=8 BITUMEN BINDER TABLE-3 summary of test results of 50/70 bitumen Native source af 50/70 grade is used throughout the country. Laboratory tests on bitumen signify that penetration, softening point, loss on heating, and solubility are within AASHIO. Specification. However, a wide difference of test results on duetility has been observed and in most cases the results are significantly below the specification limit (TABLE-3). In TABLE-4 and TABLES offects of Sasobit wax on properties of bitumen have been shown where the softening point is increasing and penetration decreasing due to its addition. (Name of tants [specific graviey (AASHTO 223) _ zo resin boa aay ciained Penetration Dechy fer a Perfin Content Rly | 13" National Convention — Bea No tog Properties of Compactea Hot Photograph of a Sasobit maxing plant in Baku, Azerbaijan Asphalt Plant Gh: 257600 Biurrinovs Weanng Course ‘Mix Prepared by Marshall Method of Find Course: TABLE: wma 0.4% teriene N/O0 and winout SASOBIT [Specie Gis afBitom” Gb lass [Lmao [Date of Sample te of Te 4 [e083 [1822 [503 8 Rei N elton e| MOLL aN =A eh eae da shall method of mix design is generally followed ‘Azerbaijan as in many other countries in the id for the hot mix asphalt. In the country, the di stretching between east and west connecting ‘capital city of Baku and the border of Georgia recognized as the principal road which is serving ot only the domestic purposes but also the export d import purposes and is of heavy traffic category. hhas been found that several sections of East West ighway and other national highway sections along ‘with other interconnecting asphalt roads which were ‘completed during recent past failed prematurely Gespite of necessary care undertaken in the design ‘and construction phases, The Azerroadservice and Transport Ministry are deeply concerned at such premature failure of the rehabilitated/reconstructed rational highway sections. Now a days many countries are using Warm Mix ‘Asphalt (WMA) with. additives. for protection of their environment and for enhancing properties of bitumen, Air pollution due to emission of H,S 325 from hot bitumen is of concen in many countries. ‘Assessment of degree of pollution due to emission of H,S has been started from 1* July, 2012. However in Azerbaijan no steps have been taken to counter effect such an environmental hazard. The challenge for Azerbaijan is “overloading” and improvement of local bitumen for the time being. To cope with such damages due to premature failure of roads the government of Azerbaijan has taken steps for improvement of the construction cof roads by introducing additives for modification of bitumen. tt was mid of the last decade when such step was taken, The four lane Ganja Bypass funded by ADB is a segment of the East‘West road where the additives of ITERLENE IN/400 for all layers and additionally SASOBIT for wearing course have been applied with success. PURPOSE This is an effort to choose additives for bitumen ‘and observe not only the effects in, design and construction phases but also conditions in the post construction service and at failure. A summary of laboratory approach is presented with a view to compare with other design and construction and for future reference. ADDITIVES USED Iterlene IN/400 has been selected as an anti-stripping agent for all layers. A dose of 0.4% at the lower range ‘was selected from laboratory test results, The stripping test method has been dropped in AASHTO: 2007. However, a Turkish method ( YFS EK-A) is available and adopted at site. Although this additive has no appreciable effect on parameters for Marshall test its function as an anti-stripping agent is conspicuous (TABLE-7). Marshall test using bitumen without any additives was not carried out and investigated However, Sasobit wax, on the other hand with an adopted dose of 1.5% and Iterlene of 0.4% both by weight of bitumen, has an appreciable effect ‘on increasing the Marshall density and consequent changes to other parameters have been noticed (TABLE -1 and TABLE-2). &

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