MECÁNICA DE FLUIDOS
𝜌𝑥
𝜎𝑥 = [1]
𝜌𝐻2𝑂 ó 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒
𝑉 1
𝑣=𝑚 ó [m3/kg]
𝜌 𝐸⃗ = 𝑞𝑒 [ 𝐶 ó 𝑚]
𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔 [m/Pa] = 𝑚 (en reg.
Lineal)
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 → 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛 ó 𝑃𝑣𝑎𝑐
*Los fluidos deben estar
confinados
Cuando 𝜌𝑥 < 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 : Pvac
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 > 𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑠
Cuando 𝜌𝑥 > 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 : Pman
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 < 𝑃𝑔𝑎𝑠
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ [Pa]
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 + 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑃𝑣𝑎𝑐
*En una columna de Hg:
Patm=Pabs
Gradiente presión: ∆𝑃 =
−𝜌𝑔∆ℎ
Para reg. lineales:
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑛 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ + 𝒃 ←
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑡𝑜. 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎
𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ + 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒎 ← 𝑏
𝜎𝑥 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎
𝜌𝑥 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑞. 𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙.
𝜌𝐻2𝑂 = 1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒 = 1.002 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝜌𝐻𝑔 = 13600 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙ú𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐í𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝛾 = 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐í𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑒𝑛 𝐶.𝑈 = 580𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 ó
77809 Pa
𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑟 = 760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
TERMODINÁMICA 𝐹𝑚 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
E en tránsito: 𝑄, 𝑊 𝐹𝑚 = (𝐼)(𝑙)𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
E estacionarias: 𝐻, ∆𝑆, ∆𝑢 ⃗⃗⃗𝐹 𝑁 𝑉
0
(+)→ Sistema →(-)
Entra Sale ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹𝑚 = 𝑁(𝑞𝑣𝐵𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃)
𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑒∆𝑇 [J]
𝑁 = 𝑛∀
𝑄𝜆 = 𝑚𝜆
  ( A[m2 ])(l[m])
𝑄𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 = ∆𝑇(𝑚𝑋1 𝐶𝑒𝑋1 +
𝑚𝑋2 𝐶𝑒𝑋2 ) 𝑞 = 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 [𝐶]
𝐼
𝑄𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 = −𝑄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜
= 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒 [𝐴]
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜[𝑠]
𝑄 = 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑉 = 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑙é𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑄𝜆 = 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝐸 = 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑒𝑙é𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
e= energía (cualquiera)
𝐽
𝜆 = 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑖𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓. [ ] 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
𝑘𝑔
T=teslas
𝐽 𝑙 = 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝐶𝑒𝐻2𝑂 = 4186 [ ]
𝑘𝑔∆𝐾 ó ∆°𝐶 𝐵 = 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛é𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜[𝑇
𝐸 = 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑒𝑙é𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
1 𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 4.186 𝐽 𝑞0 = 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑏𝑎
𝐹𝑒 = 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑙é𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎
1m3  1000l (litros)
𝑁 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚. 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑚ó𝑣𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚. 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎
P[ watts]  (V [volts])( I [ Ampere])
∀= 𝑣𝑜𝑙ú𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
Q[ J ]
P 𝐴 = á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙
t[ s]
𝑙 = 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑁 𝑊𝑏
Tesla (T) = [𝐴∗𝑚] ó [ 𝑚2 ]
ELECTROMAGNETISMO Weber (Wb) = [𝑉 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑔]
1 𝐹𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑦 = 96500 𝐶
q[C ]  ( I [ A])(t[ s])
  Volumen
𝑒 𝐽
𝑉 = 𝑞 [𝐶]
𝐹 𝑁
𝐸 = 𝑞 [ 𝐶 ó T]
F  (q)( E )(q)(v)( B)
fuerza de lorentz
(Suma de fuerzas)